Objective:To investigate the effects of propofol and ketamine on seizure duration,hemodynamics,and recovery of electroconvulsive therapy(ECT).Methods:This prospective randomized trial included patients who had undergo...Objective:To investigate the effects of propofol and ketamine on seizure duration,hemodynamics,and recovery of electroconvulsive therapy(ECT).Methods:This prospective randomized trial included patients who had undergone ECT under anesthesia.Patients received injection of propofol 1.5 mg/kg i.v.(the propofol group)or ketamine 0.8-1.2 mg/kg i.v.(the ketamine group)during ECT.Seizure duration,hemodynamics,and recovery were recorded and compared between the two groups.Results:This trial included 44 patinets with 22 patients receiving propofol and 22 patients receiving ketamine.The total dose of propofol and ketamine was(105.68±25.27)mg and(81.36±24.55)mg,respectively.The motor seizure and electroencephalogram seizure duration were prolonged in the ketamine group(P<0.001).The hemodynamics at the admission of the two groups were comparable(P>0.05);however,the mean systolic blood pressure during the procedure was significantly higher in the ketamine group(P=0.04).Besides,spontaneous eye-opening in the ketamine group took longer than that of the propofol group(P=0.001).Conclusion:Both propofol and ketamine are safe as anesthetic agents for modified ECT,and ketamine provides a longer seizure duration without hemodynamic instability or any significant complication.展开更多
Considering the influence of the streaming potential and electroviscous effects, the analytical solutions for electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) flows in parallel plate microchannels are obtained. The electrolyte solut...Considering the influence of the streaming potential and electroviscous effects, the analytical solutions for electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) flows in parallel plate microchannels are obtained. The electrolyte solutions in the microchannels are taken as generalized Maxwell fluids, and slip boundary conditions are adopted. To accurately analyze the EMHD flow characteristics, the variation trends of the electroviscous effects with the corresponding parameters must be understood. The results show that the electroviscous effects increase with the increase in the relaxation time De, the slip coefficient , and the wall zeta potential 0. However, the increase in the inverse of the electrical double-layer (EDL) thickness K, the electrical oscillating Reynolds number Re, and the ionic P'eclet number Pe can decrease the electroviscous effects. We also demonstrate that the electroviscous effect on the EMHD flows of generalized Maxwell fluids is larger than that of Newtonian fluids. This work will be useful in designing EMHD flows in parallel plate microchannels.展开更多
It is a retrospective qualitative study of all patients that had received ECT treatment in Khartoum National Psychiatric Hospitals in the period between January 2010 and December 2010 with special reference to indicat...It is a retrospective qualitative study of all patients that had received ECT treatment in Khartoum National Psychiatric Hospitals in the period between January 2010 and December 2010 with special reference to indications, side effects, and outcome using the same outcome criteria used by the royal college of Psychiatrists (UK) for modified audit format. 85% from 269 of overall Sudanese patients who had received ECT showed remarkable clinical response, with no major adverse side effects. Interestingly, the response rate was over 90% for patients with mania spectrum diagnosis. 85% of our patients were under the age of 40. Two thirds of the patients, who received ECT, were male. The main indication for ECT (45%) was mania, while depression and mixed affective states constituted less than 25% of the sample. Conclusion: In comparison to the West, ECT plays a major role in the treatment of mania and manic spectrum disorders in Africa.展开更多
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of propofol and ketamine on seizure duration,hemodynamics,and recovery of electroconvulsive therapy(ECT).Methods:This prospective randomized trial included patients who had undergone ECT under anesthesia.Patients received injection of propofol 1.5 mg/kg i.v.(the propofol group)or ketamine 0.8-1.2 mg/kg i.v.(the ketamine group)during ECT.Seizure duration,hemodynamics,and recovery were recorded and compared between the two groups.Results:This trial included 44 patinets with 22 patients receiving propofol and 22 patients receiving ketamine.The total dose of propofol and ketamine was(105.68±25.27)mg and(81.36±24.55)mg,respectively.The motor seizure and electroencephalogram seizure duration were prolonged in the ketamine group(P<0.001).The hemodynamics at the admission of the two groups were comparable(P>0.05);however,the mean systolic blood pressure during the procedure was significantly higher in the ketamine group(P=0.04).Besides,spontaneous eye-opening in the ketamine group took longer than that of the propofol group(P=0.001).Conclusion:Both propofol and ketamine are safe as anesthetic agents for modified ECT,and ketamine provides a longer seizure duration without hemodynamic instability or any significant complication.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11772162 and11472140)the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Grassland Talent of China(No.12000-12102013)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(No.2016MS0106)
文摘Considering the influence of the streaming potential and electroviscous effects, the analytical solutions for electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) flows in parallel plate microchannels are obtained. The electrolyte solutions in the microchannels are taken as generalized Maxwell fluids, and slip boundary conditions are adopted. To accurately analyze the EMHD flow characteristics, the variation trends of the electroviscous effects with the corresponding parameters must be understood. The results show that the electroviscous effects increase with the increase in the relaxation time De, the slip coefficient , and the wall zeta potential 0. However, the increase in the inverse of the electrical double-layer (EDL) thickness K, the electrical oscillating Reynolds number Re, and the ionic P'eclet number Pe can decrease the electroviscous effects. We also demonstrate that the electroviscous effect on the EMHD flows of generalized Maxwell fluids is larger than that of Newtonian fluids. This work will be useful in designing EMHD flows in parallel plate microchannels.
文摘It is a retrospective qualitative study of all patients that had received ECT treatment in Khartoum National Psychiatric Hospitals in the period between January 2010 and December 2010 with special reference to indications, side effects, and outcome using the same outcome criteria used by the royal college of Psychiatrists (UK) for modified audit format. 85% from 269 of overall Sudanese patients who had received ECT showed remarkable clinical response, with no major adverse side effects. Interestingly, the response rate was over 90% for patients with mania spectrum diagnosis. 85% of our patients were under the age of 40. Two thirds of the patients, who received ECT, were male. The main indication for ECT (45%) was mania, while depression and mixed affective states constituted less than 25% of the sample. Conclusion: In comparison to the West, ECT plays a major role in the treatment of mania and manic spectrum disorders in Africa.
