基于1958/1959~2009/2010年冬季全球海表温度（HadISST）和中国160站地面月平均温度等资料,利用广义平衡反馈分析方法（GEFA）,分析了中国地区2009/2010年冬季气温异常型态与SST异常的关系。结果表明,热带中东太平洋El Ni o型和热带大...基于1958/1959~2009/2010年冬季全球海表温度（HadISST）和中国160站地面月平均温度等资料,利用广义平衡反馈分析方法（GEFA）,分析了中国地区2009/2010年冬季气温异常型态与SST异常的关系。结果表明,热带中东太平洋El Ni o型和热带大西洋＂三极型＂对2009/2010年冬季中国地区西南暖东北冷的异常型态（简称LN型）影响显著。为了验证统计结果的可靠性,利用MPI（Max Planck Institute for Meteorology）全球大气环流模式ECHAM5进行气温异常型态对关键海盆SST变化响应的敏感性试验,结果表明西南地区气温异常对热带太平洋El Ni o模态强迫的增暖响应在0.5°C左右;对热带大西洋＂三极型＂强迫的增暖响应在0.6°C左右,增暖中心的云贵高原一带最大增温幅度达到1°C。对El Ni o模态、热带大西洋＂三极型＂的强迫,东北绝大部分地区表现出冷的响应,气温异常下降分别在0.6°C和0.45°C左右,中国东部地区气温异常型态是热带大西洋＂三极型＂海温异常和热带太平洋El Ni o模共同强迫的结果。这两种海温异常型态使中高纬度地区西风加强,阻挡了来至高纬度地区的冷空气向南方输送,导致西南地区较常年偏暖,而东北偏冷。同时,西太平洋地区出现的海平面气压反气旋式环流异常可能削弱了东亚冬季风。展开更多
The interannual variations of rainfall over southwest China(SWC) during spring and its relationship with sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTAs) in the Pacific are analyzed, based on monthly mean precipitation data f...The interannual variations of rainfall over southwest China(SWC) during spring and its relationship with sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTAs) in the Pacific are analyzed, based on monthly mean precipitation data from 26 stations in SWC between 1961 and 2010, NCEP/NCAR re-analysis data, and Hadley global SST data. Sensitivity tests are conducted to assess the response of precipitation in SWC to SSTAs over two key oceanic domains, using the global atmospheric circulation model ECHAM5. The interannual variation of rainfall over SWC in spring is very significant.There are strong negative(positive) correlation coefficients between the anomalous precipitation over SWC and SSTAs over the equatorial central Pacific(the mid-latitude Pacific) during spring. Numerical simulations show that local rainfall in the northwest of the equatorial central Pacific is suppressed, and a subtropical anticyclone circulation anomaly is produced, while a cyclonic circulation anomaly in the mid-latitude western Pacific occurs, when the equatorial Pacific SSTAs are in a cold phase in spring. Anomalous northerly winds appear in the northeastern part of SWC in the lower troposphere. Precipitation increases over the Maritime Continent of the western equatorial Pacific, while a cyclonic circulation anomaly appears in the northwest of the western equatorial Pacific. A trough over the Bay of Bengal enhances the southerly flow in the south of SWC. The trough also enhances the transport of moisture to SWC. The warm moisture intersects with anomalous cold air over the northeast of SWC, and so precipitation increases during spring. On the interannual time scale, the impacts of the mid-latitude Pacific SSTAs on rainfall in SWC during spring are not significant, because the mid-latitude Pacific SSTAs are affected by the equatorial central Pacific SSTAs; that is,the mid-latitude Pacific SSTAs are a feedback to the circulation anomaly caused by the equatorial central Pacific SSTAs.展开更多
基于美国NOAA现代极高分辨率辐射仪（Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer）提供的1993—2012年逐日海表温度（SST）资料,利用季节经验正交函数（S-EOF）和相关分析等统计方法,研究了孟加拉湾海表温度变化对南海夏季风爆发的影响...基于美国NOAA现代极高分辨率辐射仪（Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer）提供的1993—2012年逐日海表温度（SST）资料,利用季节经验正交函数（S-EOF）和相关分析等统计方法,研究了孟加拉湾海表温度变化对南海夏季风爆发的影响。结果表明,孟加拉湾的（6~14°N,85~95°E）海区海表温度变化对南海夏季风爆发早晚具有重要指示意义,该海区海表温度异常（SSTA）与南海夏季风的爆发日期存在密切的正相关,通过了0.05信度的显著性检验,即当孟加拉湾海表温度正（负）异常时,南海夏季风晚（早）爆发。应用德国马普气象研究所的ECHAM5全球大气环流模式在孟加拉湾关键海区进行了敏感性数值试验,发现在关键海区降低其5月海表温度02℃的情况下,南海夏季风爆发日期相应提前5 d左右,而在升高02℃情况下,南海夏季风推后10 d左右爆发。在孟加拉湾5月海表温度降低的情况下,促使80~100°E的越赤道气流增强,南海区域西风分量增强,进而促使南海夏季风提前爆发。展开更多
The ECHAM5 model is coupled with the widely used Common Land Model(CoLM). ECHAM5 is a state-of-theart atmospheric general circulation model incorporated into the integrated weather and climate model of the Chinese Aca...The ECHAM5 model is coupled with the widely used Common Land Model(CoLM). ECHAM5 is a state-of-theart atmospheric general circulation model incorporated into the integrated weather and climate model of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(CAMS-CSM). Land surface schemes in ECHAM5 are simple and do not provide an adequate representation of the vegetation canopy and snow/frozen soil processes. Two AMIP(Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project)-type experiments using ECHAM5 and ECHAM5-CoLM are run over 30 yr and the results are compared with reanalysis and observational data. It is found that the pattern of land surface temperature simulated by ECHAM5-CoLM is significantly improved relative to ECHAM5. Specifically, the cold bias over Eurasia is removed and the root-mean-square error is reduced in most regions. The seasonal variation in the zonal mean land surface temperature and the in situ soil temperature at 20-and 80-cm depths are both better simulated by ECHAM5-CoLM. ECHAM5-CoLM produces a more reasonable spatial pattern in the soil moisture content, whereas ECHAM5 predicts much drier soils. The seasonal cycle of soil moisture content from ECHAM5-CoLM is a better match to the observational data in six specific regions. ECHAM5-CoLM reproduces the observed spatial patterns of both sensible and latent heat fluxes. The strong positive bias in precipitation over land is reduced in ECHAM5-CoLM, especially over the southern Tibetan Plateau and middle–lower reaches of the Yangtze River during the summer monsoon rainy season.展开更多
文摘基于1958/1959~2009/2010年冬季全球海表温度（HadISST）和中国160站地面月平均温度等资料,利用广义平衡反馈分析方法（GEFA）,分析了中国地区2009/2010年冬季气温异常型态与SST异常的关系。结果表明,热带中东太平洋El Ni o型和热带大西洋＂三极型＂对2009/2010年冬季中国地区西南暖东北冷的异常型态（简称LN型）影响显著。为了验证统计结果的可靠性,利用MPI（Max Planck Institute for Meteorology）全球大气环流模式ECHAM5进行气温异常型态对关键海盆SST变化响应的敏感性试验,结果表明西南地区气温异常对热带太平洋El Ni o模态强迫的增暖响应在0.5°C左右;对热带大西洋＂三极型＂强迫的增暖响应在0.6°C左右,增暖中心的云贵高原一带最大增温幅度达到1°C。对El Ni o模态、热带大西洋＂三极型＂的强迫,东北绝大部分地区表现出冷的响应,气温异常下降分别在0.6°C和0.45°C左右,中国东部地区气温异常型态是热带大西洋＂三极型＂海温异常和热带太平洋El Ni o模共同强迫的结果。这两种海温异常型态使中高纬度地区西风加强,阻挡了来至高纬度地区的冷空气向南方输送,导致西南地区较常年偏暖,而东北偏冷。同时,西太平洋地区出现的海平面气压反气旋式环流异常可能削弱了东亚冬季风。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(41575083)National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(2015CB453200)
文摘The interannual variations of rainfall over southwest China(SWC) during spring and its relationship with sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTAs) in the Pacific are analyzed, based on monthly mean precipitation data from 26 stations in SWC between 1961 and 2010, NCEP/NCAR re-analysis data, and Hadley global SST data. Sensitivity tests are conducted to assess the response of precipitation in SWC to SSTAs over two key oceanic domains, using the global atmospheric circulation model ECHAM5. The interannual variation of rainfall over SWC in spring is very significant.There are strong negative(positive) correlation coefficients between the anomalous precipitation over SWC and SSTAs over the equatorial central Pacific(the mid-latitude Pacific) during spring. Numerical simulations show that local rainfall in the northwest of the equatorial central Pacific is suppressed, and a subtropical anticyclone circulation anomaly is produced, while a cyclonic circulation anomaly in the mid-latitude western Pacific occurs, when the equatorial Pacific SSTAs are in a cold phase in spring. Anomalous northerly winds appear in the northeastern part of SWC in the lower troposphere. Precipitation increases over the Maritime Continent of the western equatorial Pacific, while a cyclonic circulation anomaly appears in the northwest of the western equatorial Pacific. A trough over the Bay of Bengal enhances the southerly flow in the south of SWC. The trough also enhances the transport of moisture to SWC. The warm moisture intersects with anomalous cold air over the northeast of SWC, and so precipitation increases during spring. On the interannual time scale, the impacts of the mid-latitude Pacific SSTAs on rainfall in SWC during spring are not significant, because the mid-latitude Pacific SSTAs are affected by the equatorial central Pacific SSTAs; that is,the mid-latitude Pacific SSTAs are a feedback to the circulation anomaly caused by the equatorial central Pacific SSTAs.
文摘基于美国NOAA现代极高分辨率辐射仪（Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer）提供的1993—2012年逐日海表温度（SST）资料,利用季节经验正交函数（S-EOF）和相关分析等统计方法,研究了孟加拉湾海表温度变化对南海夏季风爆发的影响。结果表明,孟加拉湾的（6~14°N,85~95°E）海区海表温度变化对南海夏季风爆发早晚具有重要指示意义,该海区海表温度异常（SSTA）与南海夏季风的爆发日期存在密切的正相关,通过了0.05信度的显著性检验,即当孟加拉湾海表温度正（负）异常时,南海夏季风晚（早）爆发。应用德国马普气象研究所的ECHAM5全球大气环流模式在孟加拉湾关键海区进行了敏感性数值试验,发现在关键海区降低其5月海表温度02℃的情况下,南海夏季风爆发日期相应提前5 d左右,而在升高02℃情况下,南海夏季风推后10 d左右爆发。在孟加拉湾5月海表温度降低的情况下,促使80~100°E的越赤道气流增强,南海区域西风分量增强,进而促使南海夏季风提前爆发。
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0200801,2017YFA0604300,and 2018YFC1507003)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20100300)Basic Research Fund of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(2017Y004)
文摘The ECHAM5 model is coupled with the widely used Common Land Model(CoLM). ECHAM5 is a state-of-theart atmospheric general circulation model incorporated into the integrated weather and climate model of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(CAMS-CSM). Land surface schemes in ECHAM5 are simple and do not provide an adequate representation of the vegetation canopy and snow/frozen soil processes. Two AMIP(Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project)-type experiments using ECHAM5 and ECHAM5-CoLM are run over 30 yr and the results are compared with reanalysis and observational data. It is found that the pattern of land surface temperature simulated by ECHAM5-CoLM is significantly improved relative to ECHAM5. Specifically, the cold bias over Eurasia is removed and the root-mean-square error is reduced in most regions. The seasonal variation in the zonal mean land surface temperature and the in situ soil temperature at 20-and 80-cm depths are both better simulated by ECHAM5-CoLM. ECHAM5-CoLM produces a more reasonable spatial pattern in the soil moisture content, whereas ECHAM5 predicts much drier soils. The seasonal cycle of soil moisture content from ECHAM5-CoLM is a better match to the observational data in six specific regions. ECHAM5-CoLM reproduces the observed spatial patterns of both sensible and latent heat fluxes. The strong positive bias in precipitation over land is reduced in ECHAM5-CoLM, especially over the southern Tibetan Plateau and middle–lower reaches of the Yangtze River during the summer monsoon rainy season.
