The paper intends to analyze economic factors that influence electricity consumption in the OECD economies. A special interest in this context is given to spillover effects of trade on electricity consumption. For thi...The paper intends to analyze economic factors that influence electricity consumption in the OECD economies. A special interest in this context is given to spillover effects of trade on electricity consumption. For this purpose, a model is constructed that using a dynamic panel study approach. The model is estimated in a GMM framework in which a dynamic procedure is conducted along the balanced growth path for electricity consumption in each economy. In advance, the long run dynamic behavior of prices, GDP, and trade induced spillover variables is determined. In a further step, the short run dynamic mechanism is pursued by estimating the partial adjustment dynamic coefficient on the target level of electricity consumption. The analysis is conducted for industrial, as well as residential electricity consumption. Alternatively, the same procedure is estimated by the application of a fixed period model. The model provides a benchmark tool for electricity policy decisions and for electricity consumption projections.展开更多
We propose a simple-to-implement dynamic panel data method to evaluate the impacts of place-based policies.The idea is to exploit both the cross sectional dependence and the serial correlation within a panel and imple...We propose a simple-to-implement dynamic panel data method to evaluate the impacts of place-based policies.The idea is to exploit both the cross sectional dependence and the serial correlation within a panel and implement a semi difference-in-difference decomposition.Different from the method by Hsiao et al.(2012),the proposed model is easy to implement statistical inferences and can incorporate multiple treated groups at different time thresholds.We use the proposed method to explore the effect of the Free Trade Zone(FTZ)policy implemented in Shanghai at the end of 2013 on local GDP growth rate and compare it with that from Hsiao et al.(2012).The empirical results show that the FTZ does have a positive effect on the local GDP growth rate and it adds 1:21:8 percent point to the growth rate of the GDP per capita for Shanghai in 2014 which is about one fourth to one third of the total GDP growth rate per capita.This effect largely comes from the growth of the tertiary sector.The results lend support to the duplication of FTZ policy to other cities and provinces in China.展开更多
China’s grain science and technology policies have played an important role in the development of China’s food industry.This paper aims to examine the effects of China’s grain science and technology policies on foo...China’s grain science and technology policies have played an important role in the development of China’s food industry.This paper aims to examine the effects of China’s grain science and technology policies on food security.It quantitatively assesses China’s food security by analyzing the main contents and development trends of China’s food science technology policies through the text metrology method,and then investigates the effects of grain science and technology policies on food security by employing a provincial dynamic panel model.The results show that food security in China is all-round developed,and that the release frequency and cumulative effect of grain science and technology policies play a significant role in promoting food security.Powerful grain science and technology policies can effectively guarantee China’s food security.展开更多
In order to practice the concept of‘lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets’and promote the green development of agriculture,it is necessary to improve the efficiency of agricultural energy utilization...In order to practice the concept of‘lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets’and promote the green development of agriculture,it is necessary to improve the efficiency of agricultural energy utilization.Based on the panel data of 28 provinces from 1995 to 2018,this paper calculated China’s agricultural energy input from two categories of direct energy and indirect energy,and used EBM(Epsilon-based Measure)mixed distance function model to measure the energy efficiency of agriculture in China.The nuclear density function and spatial autocorrelation were used to analyze the dynamic evolution of agricultural energy efficiency,and the dynamic panel model was used to analyze the influencing factors of agricultural energy efficiency.The results showed that:①From 1995 to 2018,the total agricultural energy input had increased year by year in China,with an average annual growth rate of 2%.Energy input structure changed from indirect energy-based to direct energy-based.Agricultural energy efficiency showed an evolutionary trend of‘rising-stagnating-rising rapidly’in China.The agricultural energy efficiency was generally low in China,and there was a large space for improvement in agricultural energy efficiency.②From 1995 to 2018,the average annual growth rate of agricultural energy efficiency in the eastern,central and western regions was 2.7%,1.9%and 1.4%respectively.In 2018,the agricultural energy efficiency in the eastern,central and western regions was 0.81,0.71 and 0.59 respectively.The gap between regions was expanding rapidly,and the agricultural energy efficiency in the central and western regions needed to be improved.③From 1995 to 2018,the agricultural energy efficiency of each province was polarized and the absolute gap was widened.There was obvious improvement in agricultural energy efficiency in Guangdong,Shandong,Jiangxi,Jiangsu,Liaoning and Tianjin,while the agricultural energy efficiency of Xinjiang,Guizhou,Zhejiang,Shanghai,and Inner Mongolia deteriorated.④From 1995 to 2018,there was no global spatial correlation of China’s agricultural energy efficiency.However,local‘high-high’concentration gradually appeared in the eastern region since 2010.⑤The first lag of energy efficiency had a significant positive impact on agricultural energy efficiency,and agricultural energy efficiency improvement had a time lag.The level of human capital,per capita net income of farmers and the level of urbanizaton had a significant positive impact on agricultural energy efficiency.The disaster rate,the level of development of secondary and tertiary industries,and the level of opening up had a significant negative impact on agricultural energy efficiency.In the implementation of the strategy of rural revitalization,we should focus on the central and western regions,take the cultivation of professional farmers as the key,focus on improving agricultural production conditions,enhance the level of cooperation between regions,exert the leading role of the secondary and tertiary industries,and enhance the ability of agricultural disaster prevention and mitigation.展开更多
Related factors for measuring urban agglomeration effect were studied firstly.Then,panel data of 283 prefecture level cities of China were collected to analyze the effect of agglomeration on employment density.Besides...Related factors for measuring urban agglomeration effect were studied firstly.Then,panel data of 283 prefecture level cities of China were collected to analyze the effect of agglomeration on employment density.Besides,fixed effect model was applied to analyze static panel data,and two-step generalized method of moments(GMM) estimator was employed to analyze dynamic panel data.Results reveal that per capita regional GDP,public medical care level,and population mobility have significant effect on employment density.Therefore,there exists effect of agglomeration economy in prefecture level cities of China in the current stage.展开更多
An improved algorithm for velocity field of general configurations ispresentd for low-order panel method based on the internal Dirichlet boundary condi-tion. A direct calculating method for the velocity distribution b...An improved algorithm for velocity field of general configurations ispresentd for low-order panel method based on the internal Dirichlet boundary condi-tion. A direct calculating method for the velocity distribution by means of a limit pro-cess combining with analytic evaluation of higher-order singular integrals instead of theconventional method of doublet strength gradient is devised in order to avoid the diffi-culty of edge extrapolation of doublet strength. The problem of substantialunderpredictions of the induced drag coefficient obtained from the VSAERO analysisdisappears for the present improved algorithm. Illustrative calculations for several testcases such as swept back wing, swept forward wing and wing-body combination showthat the accuracy of results may be improved and is competitive with high-order panelmethod. In addition, the present direct integral method can be used to evaluate the ve-locity distribution for external flow field correctly, where the method of gradient cannot be used at all.展开更多
Wiping out poverty while controlling carbon emissions is a major challenge of our time.China eradicated extreme poverty in 2020 through the targeted poverty alleviation(TPA)strategy,providing a unique case to examine ...Wiping out poverty while controlling carbon emissions is a major challenge of our time.China eradicated extreme poverty in 2020 through the targeted poverty alleviation(TPA)strategy,providing a unique case to examine the poverty-carbon nexus at the subnational level.This paper investigates the nexus between county-level poverty reduction and carbon emissions in Hubei province during the TPA period.Our findings support the win-win hypothesis,indicating that poverty reduction and emissions control can be achieved simultaneously.CO_(2)sequestration through vegetation emerged as a key factor benefiting both objectives,with a 1% increase reducing poverty by 0.42% and lowering carbon emissions by 0.19%.Economic growth contributed to poverty alleviation but increased emissions:a 1% rise in GDP reduced poverty by 0.44% while raising emissions by 0.70%.Conversely,a 1% increase in electricity consumption raised poverty by 0.46% and lowered emissions by 0.12%.Agricultural development showed a 1%increase correlated with 0.52% higher poverty and 0.17% higher emissions.“Carbon Sink+”trading mechanisms facilitated ecological poverty alleviation in impoverished areas.Panel causality analysis confirms a bidirectional relationship between poverty reduction and carbon emissions.These findings highlight the potential for integrated strategies that advance both poverty alleviation and emissions reduction while considering the complex socioeconomic dynamics necessary to achieve sustainable development goals.展开更多
Amidst growing environmental protection intensity by the Chinese government, this paper investigates the effects of environmental regulation on China＇s industrial pollution treatment productivity and environmental TF...Amidst growing environmental protection intensity by the Chinese government, this paper investigates the effects of environmental regulation on China＇s industrial pollution treatment productivity and environmental TFP. By estimating China＇s pollution treatment productivity between 2001 and 2008 and analyzing environmental regulation intensity and the effects of the relevant factors and pollution treatment productivity using panel data, this paper discovers that （1） pollution treatment productivity contributed a significant share of about 40% to industrial environmental TFP during the investigation period; （2） environmental regulation may not necessarily cause adverse impacts on pollution treatment efficiency and productivity but demonstrates a U-shaped relationship： when the share of pollution treatment cost in industrial value-added is above the range of 3.8%-5.1%, environmental regulation is likely to promote pollution treatment productivity and thus environmental TFP Judging by the estimation result, enhancing environmental protection and expediting the development of ecological civilization are conducive to China ＂s economic transition towards an intensive, efficient, circular, and sustainable development pattern. China＇s current industrial development has the capacity to tolerate a rather demanding level of pollution treatment and management and China needs to further rely on energy conservation and the environmental production industries to promote the progress of pollution treatment technologies.展开更多
Empirical studies on the effects of China-African economic relations on energy intensity in Africa are scarce.To fill the gap in the literature,this study investigates the technology spillover effects of the China-Afr...Empirical studies on the effects of China-African economic relations on energy intensity in Africa are scarce.To fill the gap in the literature,this study investigates the technology spillover effects of the China-Africa trade and investment relations on energy intensity.It uses both linear and nonlinear dynamic panel estimation methods for 42 African countries from 2003 to 2015.The results show that China's technology spillover through imports significantly reduces energy intensity in Africa.The findings are consistent across specifications and sample groups.Moreover,the technology spillover coming from foreign direct investment(FDI)improves energy intensity,particularly in lower-middle-income African countries.The dynamic threshold estimation results show that countries'absorptive ability is important for technology spillover effects of FDI and imports on energy intensity.The results suggest that countries'absorptive capacity should be increased to maximize the benefits of trade and investment technology spillovers.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to provide a clear insight about the determinants of female employment rate in the European Union where we have used panel data analyses of 27 countries members of the European Union from 1995...The aim of this paper is to provide a clear insight about the determinants of female employment rate in the European Union where we have used panel data analyses of 27 countries members of the European Union from 1995 till 2009. Applying dynamic modeling, i.e, generalized method of moments （GMM） econometrics findings have driven us to system estimated model where the following institutional variables have been tested： maternity leave, child care facilities, college education, fertility rate, GDP growth, female unemployment rate and part-time employment. We expect these variables to have a positive impact on the female employment rate except for the female unemployment rate and maternity leave展开更多
Sustainable economic growth has put Indonesia as a middle-income country （MIC） and currently, the level of per capita income has already exceeded US$3,000. The increase in income per capita is followed by the increa...Sustainable economic growth has put Indonesia as a middle-income country （MIC） and currently, the level of per capita income has already exceeded US$3,000. The increase in income per capita is followed by the increasing number of middle-class population and the reduction in poverty. However, it has not been accompanied by declining inequality that reflects the quality of economic growth. According to Kuznets theory, an increase in inequality is a common problem in the process of economic growth. Inequality will further decline after the country has reached a certain threshold level of income. This study aims to analyze the trend and nature of income inequality in Indonesia and to test whether the Kuznets Curve holds. This paper used dynamic panel method with 26 provincial panel data from 2000 to 2011. The empirical result proves the existence of inverted U-shaped Kuznets Curve in Indonesia and it may have the turning points when the real GDP per capita in each province reached Rp. 179.41 million/year or around US$17.000. For the determinant of inequality in Indonesia, this study found that the percentage of urban population, inflation, and share of agricultural sector contributed to the increase of inequality, while high-level education and share of industrial sector are associated with the lower level of inequality.展开更多
Globalization, financial liberalization, financial integration, financial sector, and economic growth have been significant issues for many researchers. The studies have investigated the effects of the above issues to...Globalization, financial liberalization, financial integration, financial sector, and economic growth have been significant issues for many researchers. The studies have investigated the effects of the above issues to the economic growth of countries both theoretically and empirically. Since there has been conducted an enormous body of work, each of them may be grouped and studied separately. This paper focuses on the impact of financial sector development to economic growth and empirically studies the potential effect on the emerging E-7 countries, consisting of Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, the Russian Federation, and Turkey. The study employs panel regression methodology and the data set for modeling Gross Domestic Product （GDP） comprises annual data over 2001-2007, using basic variables which resemble financial sector development, namely market capitalization of listed companies （stock market capitalization）, bank capital to asset ratio, stocks traded, total debt service, foreign direct investments, portfolio investments, real interest rates, and claims on private sector. The analysis indicates that the GDP may be modeled using the above stated macroeconomic variables with considerably high explanatory power, except for the real interest rates and bank capital to asset ratios.展开更多
Enhancing the economic resilience of agriculture is essential for promoting sustainable and high-quality agricultural development.The emergence of digital technology has created new opportunities in this field.However...Enhancing the economic resilience of agriculture is essential for promoting sustainable and high-quality agricultural development.The emergence of digital technology has created new opportunities in this field.However,existing research predominantly focuses on traditional agricultural factors and technologies.Therefore,the impact of digital technology on agricultural economic resilience within the broader context of the“production-operation-industry”system in agriculture has not been comprehensively explored.To bridge this gap,this study analyzes panel data from 30 Chinese provinces from 2011 to 2020.It employs the static Van Dorn’s law and a dynamic spatial panel model to examine how digital technology empowers agricultural resilience.The findings indicate a continuous strengthening of digital technology development in China,albeit with significant polarization and spatial imbalances.Moreover,the resilience of the agricultural economy undergoes notable fluctuations,initially narrowing and subsequently displaying an upward trend.Digital technology clearly plays a pivotal role in empowering resilience through agricultural scale operation,industrial transformation,and technological progress.Its impact,particularly on the promotion of resilience in the eastern region and non-grain-producing areas and on high-level agricultural economies,also shows regional and technological variations.展开更多
Using data for China for the years 1991 to 2005 by province and employing the semi- parametric panel data model estimation method developed by Horowitz （2004） and Henderson et al. （2006） and Hubler＇s non-parametr...Using data for China for the years 1991 to 2005 by province and employing the semi- parametric panel data model estimation method developed by Horowitz （2004） and Henderson et al. （2006） and Hubler＇s non-parametric generalized method of moments （GMM） estimation （2005）, this article constructs a dynamic semi-parametric panel data model and describes the dynamic changing trajectory of the effect on consumption of income disparity among urban residents. Our findings show that there is a significant ＂ratchet effect＂ in the consumption of urban residents; that income disparity among urban residents has a clear negative influence on consumption; and that the trajectory of this influence shows a roughly bimodal curve.展开更多
Data show that carbon emissions are increasing due to human energy consumption associated with economic development. As a result, a great deal of attention has been focused on efforts to reduce this growth in carbon e...Data show that carbon emissions are increasing due to human energy consumption associated with economic development. As a result, a great deal of attention has been focused on efforts to reduce this growth in carbon emissions as well as to formulate policies to address and mitigate climate change. Although the majority of previous studies have explored the driving forces underlying Chinese carbon emissions, few have been carried out at the city-level because of the limited availability of relevant energy consumption statistics. Here, we utilize spatial autocorrelation, Markov-chain transitional matrices, a dynamic panel model, and system generalized distance estimation(Sys-GMM) to empirically evaluate the key determinants of carbon emissions at the city-level based on Chinese remote sensing data collected between 1992 and 2013. We also use these data to discuss observed spatial spillover effects taking into account spatiotemporal lag and a range of different geographical and economic weighting matrices. The results of this study suggest that regional discrepancies in city-level carbon emissions have decreased over time, which are consistent with a marked spatial spillover effect, and a ‘club' agglomeration of high-emissions. The evolution of these patterns also shows obvious path dependence, while the results of panel data analysis reveal the presence of a significant U-shaped relationship between carbon emissions and per capita GDP. Data also show that per capita carbon emissions have increased in concert with economic growth in most cities, and that a high-proportion of secondary industry and extensive investment growth have also exerted significant positive effects on city-level carbon emissions across China. In contrast, rapid population agglomeration, improvements in technology, increasing trade openness, and the accessibility and density of roads have all played a role in inhibiting carbon emissions. Thus, in order to reduce emissions, the Chinese government should legislate to inhibit the effects of factors that promote the release of carbon while at the same time acting to encourage those that mitigate this process. On the basis of the analysis presented in this study, we argue that optimizing industrial structures, streamlining extensive investment, increasing the level of technology, and improving road accessibility are all effective approaches to increase energy savings and reduce carbon emissions across China.展开更多
Impoverished sub-Saharan Africa(SSA)is under increasing environmental pressure from global environmental changes.It is now generally accepted in academic circles that economic development in SSA countries can cause en...Impoverished sub-Saharan Africa(SSA)is under increasing environmental pressure from global environmental changes.It is now generally accepted in academic circles that economic development in SSA countries can cause environmental pressure in other countries.However,there is research gap on the impact of economic assistance on environmental pressure in SSA countries and whether economic assistance causes spatial spillovers of environ-mental pressure between SSA countries.To better understand the impact of economic assistance on environmental pressures in SSA,a dynamic spatial Dubin panel model was developed.It helped us explore the spatial spillover effects of economic assistance on environmental pressures in recipient countries based on the panel data from 34 SSA countries.The results show that economic assistance had a positive stimulating effect on environmen-tal pressures of recipient countries,which means that the degree of human disturbance to the environment has deepened.Due to the regional correlation effect,neighboring countries were saddled with environmental pres-sures from the target country.Moreover,environmental pressures have time inertia,which can easily produce a snowball effect.The decomposition of effects shows that the impact of economic assistance on environmental pressures is relatively minor.Environmental pressures have spillover effects,so to deal with diffuse risks,joint regional prevention and control policies should be developed.展开更多
In this study, the results of 1-g shaking table tests performed on small-scale flexible cantilever wallmodels retaining composite backfill made of a deformable geofoam inclusion and granular cohesionlessmaterial were ...In this study, the results of 1-g shaking table tests performed on small-scale flexible cantilever wallmodels retaining composite backfill made of a deformable geofoam inclusion and granular cohesionlessmaterial were presented. Two different polystyrene materials were utilized as deformable inclusions.Lateral dynamic earth pressures and wall displacements at different elevations of the retaining wallmodel were monitored during the tests. The earth pressures and displacements of the retaining wallswith deformable inclusions were compared with those of the models without geofoam inclusions.Comparisons indicated that geofoam panels of low stiffness installed against the retaining wall modelaffect displacement and dynamic lateral pressure profile along the wall height. Depending on the inclusioncharacteristics and the wall flexibility, up to 50% reduction in dynamic earth pressures wasobserved. The efficiency of load and displacement reduction decreased as the flexibility ratio of the wallmodel increased. On the other hand, dynamic load reduction efficiency of the deformable inclusionincreased as the amplitude and frequency ratio of the seismic excitation increased. Relative flexibility ofthe deformable layer （the thickness and the elastic stiffness of the polystyrene material） played animportant role in the amount of load reduction. Dynamic earth pressure coefficients were compared withthose calculated with an analytical approach. Pressure coefficients calculated with this method werefound to be in good agreement with the results of the tests performed on the wall model having lowflexibility ratio. It was observed that deformable inclusions reduce residual wall stresses observed at theend of seismic excitation thus contributing to the post-earthquake stability of the retaining wall. Thegraphs presented within this paper regarding the dynamic earth pressure coefficients versus the wallflexibility and inclusion characteristics may serve for the seismic design of full-scale retaining walls withdeformable polystyrene inclusions. 2014 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Production and hosting byElsevier B.V. All rights reserved.展开更多
Digital innovation demonstrates signifcant potential in fostering high-quality enterprise development.Using data from listed companies in the Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration of Hunan Province from 2003 to 2023,this ...Digital innovation demonstrates signifcant potential in fostering high-quality enterprise development.Using data from listed companies in the Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration of Hunan Province from 2003 to 2023,this study empirically examines the impact of digital innovation on total factor productivity(TFP).A dynamic panel threshold model is further employed to explore the moderating and threshold effects of managerial characteristics.The results indicate that digital innovation signifcantly promotes TFP.Managerial myopia and environmental attention exhibit notable moderating and threshold effects in the relationship between digital innovation and TFP.When managerial myopia exceeds a certain threshold,the effect of digital innovation on TFP shifts from positive to negative.Conversely,when managerial environmental attention surpasses a threshold,the positive effect of digital innovation on TFP becomes evident.Heterogeneity analysis reveals that digital innovation plays a particularly prominent role in enhancing TFP among non-high-tech frms,non-state-owned enterprises,and companies located outside the core Chang-Zhu-Tan region.展开更多
Spatio-temporal data analysis is an emerging research area due to the development and application ofnovel computational techniques allowing for the analysis of large spatiotemporal databases.We consider a general clas...Spatio-temporal data analysis is an emerging research area due to the development and application ofnovel computational techniques allowing for the analysis of large spatiotemporal databases.We consider a general class of spatio-temporal linear models,where the number of structural breaks can tend to infinity.A procedure for simultaneously detecting all the change points is developed rigorously via the construction of adaptive group lasso penalty.Consistency of the multiple change point estimation is established under mild technical conditions even when the true number of change points sn diverges with the series length n.The adaptive group lasso can be substituted by the group lasso and other non-convex group selection penalty functions such as group SCAD or group MCP.The simulation studies demonstrate that our procedure is stable and accurate.Two empirical examples from property market,including the housing transaction price in Baton Rouge and the commodity apartment price in Hong Kong,are analyzed to fully illustrate the proposed methodology.展开更多
文摘The paper intends to analyze economic factors that influence electricity consumption in the OECD economies. A special interest in this context is given to spillover effects of trade on electricity consumption. For this purpose, a model is constructed that using a dynamic panel study approach. The model is estimated in a GMM framework in which a dynamic procedure is conducted along the balanced growth path for electricity consumption in each economy. In advance, the long run dynamic behavior of prices, GDP, and trade induced spillover variables is determined. In a further step, the short run dynamic mechanism is pursued by estimating the partial adjustment dynamic coefficient on the target level of electricity consumption. The analysis is conducted for industrial, as well as residential electricity consumption. Alternatively, the same procedure is estimated by the application of a fixed period model. The model provides a benchmark tool for electricity policy decisions and for electricity consumption projections.
基金supported by the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71833004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71471108)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(HUST:2021WKYXQN010).
文摘We propose a simple-to-implement dynamic panel data method to evaluate the impacts of place-based policies.The idea is to exploit both the cross sectional dependence and the serial correlation within a panel and implement a semi difference-in-difference decomposition.Different from the method by Hsiao et al.(2012),the proposed model is easy to implement statistical inferences and can incorporate multiple treated groups at different time thresholds.We use the proposed method to explore the effect of the Free Trade Zone(FTZ)policy implemented in Shanghai at the end of 2013 on local GDP growth rate and compare it with that from Hsiao et al.(2012).The empirical results show that the FTZ does have a positive effect on the local GDP growth rate and it adds 1:21:8 percent point to the growth rate of the GDP per capita for Shanghai in 2014 which is about one fourth to one third of the total GDP growth rate per capita.This effect largely comes from the growth of the tertiary sector.The results lend support to the duplication of FTZ policy to other cities and provinces in China.
基金Supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences(KJZD-EW-G20)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71974180)
文摘China’s grain science and technology policies have played an important role in the development of China’s food industry.This paper aims to examine the effects of China’s grain science and technology policies on food security.It quantitatively assesses China’s food security by analyzing the main contents and development trends of China’s food science technology policies through the text metrology method,and then investigates the effects of grain science and technology policies on food security by employing a provincial dynamic panel model.The results show that food security in China is all-round developed,and that the release frequency and cumulative effect of grain science and technology policies play a significant role in promoting food security.Powerful grain science and technology policies can effectively guarantee China’s food security.
文摘In order to practice the concept of‘lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets’and promote the green development of agriculture,it is necessary to improve the efficiency of agricultural energy utilization.Based on the panel data of 28 provinces from 1995 to 2018,this paper calculated China’s agricultural energy input from two categories of direct energy and indirect energy,and used EBM(Epsilon-based Measure)mixed distance function model to measure the energy efficiency of agriculture in China.The nuclear density function and spatial autocorrelation were used to analyze the dynamic evolution of agricultural energy efficiency,and the dynamic panel model was used to analyze the influencing factors of agricultural energy efficiency.The results showed that:①From 1995 to 2018,the total agricultural energy input had increased year by year in China,with an average annual growth rate of 2%.Energy input structure changed from indirect energy-based to direct energy-based.Agricultural energy efficiency showed an evolutionary trend of‘rising-stagnating-rising rapidly’in China.The agricultural energy efficiency was generally low in China,and there was a large space for improvement in agricultural energy efficiency.②From 1995 to 2018,the average annual growth rate of agricultural energy efficiency in the eastern,central and western regions was 2.7%,1.9%and 1.4%respectively.In 2018,the agricultural energy efficiency in the eastern,central and western regions was 0.81,0.71 and 0.59 respectively.The gap between regions was expanding rapidly,and the agricultural energy efficiency in the central and western regions needed to be improved.③From 1995 to 2018,the agricultural energy efficiency of each province was polarized and the absolute gap was widened.There was obvious improvement in agricultural energy efficiency in Guangdong,Shandong,Jiangxi,Jiangsu,Liaoning and Tianjin,while the agricultural energy efficiency of Xinjiang,Guizhou,Zhejiang,Shanghai,and Inner Mongolia deteriorated.④From 1995 to 2018,there was no global spatial correlation of China’s agricultural energy efficiency.However,local‘high-high’concentration gradually appeared in the eastern region since 2010.⑤The first lag of energy efficiency had a significant positive impact on agricultural energy efficiency,and agricultural energy efficiency improvement had a time lag.The level of human capital,per capita net income of farmers and the level of urbanizaton had a significant positive impact on agricultural energy efficiency.The disaster rate,the level of development of secondary and tertiary industries,and the level of opening up had a significant negative impact on agricultural energy efficiency.In the implementation of the strategy of rural revitalization,we should focus on the central and western regions,take the cultivation of professional farmers as the key,focus on improving agricultural production conditions,enhance the level of cooperation between regions,exert the leading role of the secondary and tertiary industries,and enhance the ability of agricultural disaster prevention and mitigation.
基金Supported by Key Project of National Social Science Foundation(12&ZD100)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Southwest University(SWU1309005)
文摘Related factors for measuring urban agglomeration effect were studied firstly.Then,panel data of 283 prefecture level cities of China were collected to analyze the effect of agglomeration on employment density.Besides,fixed effect model was applied to analyze static panel data,and two-step generalized method of moments(GMM) estimator was employed to analyze dynamic panel data.Results reveal that per capita regional GDP,public medical care level,and population mobility have significant effect on employment density.Therefore,there exists effect of agglomeration economy in prefecture level cities of China in the current stage.
文摘An improved algorithm for velocity field of general configurations ispresentd for low-order panel method based on the internal Dirichlet boundary condi-tion. A direct calculating method for the velocity distribution by means of a limit pro-cess combining with analytic evaluation of higher-order singular integrals instead of theconventional method of doublet strength gradient is devised in order to avoid the diffi-culty of edge extrapolation of doublet strength. The problem of substantialunderpredictions of the induced drag coefficient obtained from the VSAERO analysisdisappears for the present improved algorithm. Illustrative calculations for several testcases such as swept back wing, swept forward wing and wing-body combination showthat the accuracy of results may be improved and is competitive with high-order panelmethod. In addition, the present direct integral method can be used to evaluate the ve-locity distribution for external flow field correctly, where the method of gradient cannot be used at all.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42230110)。
文摘Wiping out poverty while controlling carbon emissions is a major challenge of our time.China eradicated extreme poverty in 2020 through the targeted poverty alleviation(TPA)strategy,providing a unique case to examine the poverty-carbon nexus at the subnational level.This paper investigates the nexus between county-level poverty reduction and carbon emissions in Hubei province during the TPA period.Our findings support the win-win hypothesis,indicating that poverty reduction and emissions control can be achieved simultaneously.CO_(2)sequestration through vegetation emerged as a key factor benefiting both objectives,with a 1% increase reducing poverty by 0.42% and lowering carbon emissions by 0.19%.Economic growth contributed to poverty alleviation but increased emissions:a 1% rise in GDP reduced poverty by 0.44% while raising emissions by 0.70%.Conversely,a 1% increase in electricity consumption raised poverty by 0.46% and lowered emissions by 0.12%.Agricultural development showed a 1%increase correlated with 0.52% higher poverty and 0.17% higher emissions.“Carbon Sink+”trading mechanisms facilitated ecological poverty alleviation in impoverished areas.Panel causality analysis confirms a bidirectional relationship between poverty reduction and carbon emissions.These findings highlight the potential for integrated strategies that advance both poverty alleviation and emissions reduction while considering the complex socioeconomic dynamics necessary to achieve sustainable development goals.
文摘Amidst growing environmental protection intensity by the Chinese government, this paper investigates the effects of environmental regulation on China＇s industrial pollution treatment productivity and environmental TFP. By estimating China＇s pollution treatment productivity between 2001 and 2008 and analyzing environmental regulation intensity and the effects of the relevant factors and pollution treatment productivity using panel data, this paper discovers that （1） pollution treatment productivity contributed a significant share of about 40% to industrial environmental TFP during the investigation period; （2） environmental regulation may not necessarily cause adverse impacts on pollution treatment efficiency and productivity but demonstrates a U-shaped relationship： when the share of pollution treatment cost in industrial value-added is above the range of 3.8%-5.1%, environmental regulation is likely to promote pollution treatment productivity and thus environmental TFP Judging by the estimation result, enhancing environmental protection and expediting the development of ecological civilization are conducive to China ＂s economic transition towards an intensive, efficient, circular, and sustainable development pattern. China＇s current industrial development has the capacity to tolerate a rather demanding level of pollution treatment and management and China needs to further rely on energy conservation and the environmental production industries to promote the progress of pollution treatment technologies.
文摘Empirical studies on the effects of China-African economic relations on energy intensity in Africa are scarce.To fill the gap in the literature,this study investigates the technology spillover effects of the China-Africa trade and investment relations on energy intensity.It uses both linear and nonlinear dynamic panel estimation methods for 42 African countries from 2003 to 2015.The results show that China's technology spillover through imports significantly reduces energy intensity in Africa.The findings are consistent across specifications and sample groups.Moreover,the technology spillover coming from foreign direct investment(FDI)improves energy intensity,particularly in lower-middle-income African countries.The dynamic threshold estimation results show that countries'absorptive ability is important for technology spillover effects of FDI and imports on energy intensity.The results suggest that countries'absorptive capacity should be increased to maximize the benefits of trade and investment technology spillovers.
文摘The aim of this paper is to provide a clear insight about the determinants of female employment rate in the European Union where we have used panel data analyses of 27 countries members of the European Union from 1995 till 2009. Applying dynamic modeling, i.e, generalized method of moments （GMM） econometrics findings have driven us to system estimated model where the following institutional variables have been tested： maternity leave, child care facilities, college education, fertility rate, GDP growth, female unemployment rate and part-time employment. We expect these variables to have a positive impact on the female employment rate except for the female unemployment rate and maternity leave
文摘Sustainable economic growth has put Indonesia as a middle-income country （MIC） and currently, the level of per capita income has already exceeded US$3,000. The increase in income per capita is followed by the increasing number of middle-class population and the reduction in poverty. However, it has not been accompanied by declining inequality that reflects the quality of economic growth. According to Kuznets theory, an increase in inequality is a common problem in the process of economic growth. Inequality will further decline after the country has reached a certain threshold level of income. This study aims to analyze the trend and nature of income inequality in Indonesia and to test whether the Kuznets Curve holds. This paper used dynamic panel method with 26 provincial panel data from 2000 to 2011. The empirical result proves the existence of inverted U-shaped Kuznets Curve in Indonesia and it may have the turning points when the real GDP per capita in each province reached Rp. 179.41 million/year or around US$17.000. For the determinant of inequality in Indonesia, this study found that the percentage of urban population, inflation, and share of agricultural sector contributed to the increase of inequality, while high-level education and share of industrial sector are associated with the lower level of inequality.
文摘Globalization, financial liberalization, financial integration, financial sector, and economic growth have been significant issues for many researchers. The studies have investigated the effects of the above issues to the economic growth of countries both theoretically and empirically. Since there has been conducted an enormous body of work, each of them may be grouped and studied separately. This paper focuses on the impact of financial sector development to economic growth and empirically studies the potential effect on the emerging E-7 countries, consisting of Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, the Russian Federation, and Turkey. The study employs panel regression methodology and the data set for modeling Gross Domestic Product （GDP） comprises annual data over 2001-2007, using basic variables which resemble financial sector development, namely market capitalization of listed companies （stock market capitalization）, bank capital to asset ratio, stocks traded, total debt service, foreign direct investments, portfolio investments, real interest rates, and claims on private sector. The analysis indicates that the GDP may be modeled using the above stated macroeconomic variables with considerably high explanatory power, except for the real interest rates and bank capital to asset ratios.
基金the National Social Science Foundation[Grant No.21&ZD101]:Research on the Implementation Path and Policy System of High-quality Development of China’s Food Industrythe National Social Science Foundation[Grant No.BGL167]:Research on the Green Benefit Sharing Mechanism of Ecological Protection in the Yangtze River Basin(2021-2024)for its support.
文摘Enhancing the economic resilience of agriculture is essential for promoting sustainable and high-quality agricultural development.The emergence of digital technology has created new opportunities in this field.However,existing research predominantly focuses on traditional agricultural factors and technologies.Therefore,the impact of digital technology on agricultural economic resilience within the broader context of the“production-operation-industry”system in agriculture has not been comprehensively explored.To bridge this gap,this study analyzes panel data from 30 Chinese provinces from 2011 to 2020.It employs the static Van Dorn’s law and a dynamic spatial panel model to examine how digital technology empowers agricultural resilience.The findings indicate a continuous strengthening of digital technology development in China,albeit with significant polarization and spatial imbalances.Moreover,the resilience of the agricultural economy undergoes notable fluctuations,initially narrowing and subsequently displaying an upward trend.Digital technology clearly plays a pivotal role in empowering resilience through agricultural scale operation,industrial transformation,and technological progress.Its impact,particularly on the promotion of resilience in the eastern region and non-grain-producing areas and on high-level agricultural economies,also shows regional and technological variations.
文摘Using data for China for the years 1991 to 2005 by province and employing the semi- parametric panel data model estimation method developed by Horowitz （2004） and Henderson et al. （2006） and Hubler＇s non-parametric generalized method of moments （GMM） estimation （2005）, this article constructs a dynamic semi-parametric panel data model and describes the dynamic changing trajectory of the effect on consumption of income disparity among urban residents. Our findings show that there is a significant ＂ratchet effect＂ in the consumption of urban residents; that income disparity among urban residents has a clear negative influence on consumption; and that the trajectory of this influence shows a roughly bimodal curve.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41601151Guangdong Natural Science Foundation,No.2016A030310149
文摘Data show that carbon emissions are increasing due to human energy consumption associated with economic development. As a result, a great deal of attention has been focused on efforts to reduce this growth in carbon emissions as well as to formulate policies to address and mitigate climate change. Although the majority of previous studies have explored the driving forces underlying Chinese carbon emissions, few have been carried out at the city-level because of the limited availability of relevant energy consumption statistics. Here, we utilize spatial autocorrelation, Markov-chain transitional matrices, a dynamic panel model, and system generalized distance estimation(Sys-GMM) to empirically evaluate the key determinants of carbon emissions at the city-level based on Chinese remote sensing data collected between 1992 and 2013. We also use these data to discuss observed spatial spillover effects taking into account spatiotemporal lag and a range of different geographical and economic weighting matrices. The results of this study suggest that regional discrepancies in city-level carbon emissions have decreased over time, which are consistent with a marked spatial spillover effect, and a ‘club' agglomeration of high-emissions. The evolution of these patterns also shows obvious path dependence, while the results of panel data analysis reveal the presence of a significant U-shaped relationship between carbon emissions and per capita GDP. Data also show that per capita carbon emissions have increased in concert with economic growth in most cities, and that a high-proportion of secondary industry and extensive investment growth have also exerted significant positive effects on city-level carbon emissions across China. In contrast, rapid population agglomeration, improvements in technology, increasing trade openness, and the accessibility and density of roads have all played a role in inhibiting carbon emissions. Thus, in order to reduce emissions, the Chinese government should legislate to inhibit the effects of factors that promote the release of carbon while at the same time acting to encourage those that mitigate this process. On the basis of the analysis presented in this study, we argue that optimizing industrial structures, streamlining extensive investment, increasing the level of technology, and improving road accessibility are all effective approaches to increase energy savings and reduce carbon emissions across China.
基金This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.72104246,71874203).
文摘Impoverished sub-Saharan Africa(SSA)is under increasing environmental pressure from global environmental changes.It is now generally accepted in academic circles that economic development in SSA countries can cause environmental pressure in other countries.However,there is research gap on the impact of economic assistance on environmental pressure in SSA countries and whether economic assistance causes spatial spillovers of environ-mental pressure between SSA countries.To better understand the impact of economic assistance on environmental pressures in SSA,a dynamic spatial Dubin panel model was developed.It helped us explore the spatial spillover effects of economic assistance on environmental pressures in recipient countries based on the panel data from 34 SSA countries.The results show that economic assistance had a positive stimulating effect on environmen-tal pressures of recipient countries,which means that the degree of human disturbance to the environment has deepened.Due to the regional correlation effect,neighboring countries were saddled with environmental pres-sures from the target country.Moreover,environmental pressures have time inertia,which can easily produce a snowball effect.The decomposition of effects shows that the impact of economic assistance on environmental pressures is relatively minor.Environmental pressures have spillover effects,so to deal with diffuse risks,joint regional prevention and control policies should be developed.
文摘In this study, the results of 1-g shaking table tests performed on small-scale flexible cantilever wallmodels retaining composite backfill made of a deformable geofoam inclusion and granular cohesionlessmaterial were presented. Two different polystyrene materials were utilized as deformable inclusions.Lateral dynamic earth pressures and wall displacements at different elevations of the retaining wallmodel were monitored during the tests. The earth pressures and displacements of the retaining wallswith deformable inclusions were compared with those of the models without geofoam inclusions.Comparisons indicated that geofoam panels of low stiffness installed against the retaining wall modelaffect displacement and dynamic lateral pressure profile along the wall height. Depending on the inclusioncharacteristics and the wall flexibility, up to 50% reduction in dynamic earth pressures wasobserved. The efficiency of load and displacement reduction decreased as the flexibility ratio of the wallmodel increased. On the other hand, dynamic load reduction efficiency of the deformable inclusionincreased as the amplitude and frequency ratio of the seismic excitation increased. Relative flexibility ofthe deformable layer （the thickness and the elastic stiffness of the polystyrene material） played animportant role in the amount of load reduction. Dynamic earth pressure coefficients were compared withthose calculated with an analytical approach. Pressure coefficients calculated with this method werefound to be in good agreement with the results of the tests performed on the wall model having lowflexibility ratio. It was observed that deformable inclusions reduce residual wall stresses observed at theend of seismic excitation thus contributing to the post-earthquake stability of the retaining wall. Thegraphs presented within this paper regarding the dynamic earth pressure coefficients versus the wallflexibility and inclusion characteristics may serve for the seismic design of full-scale retaining walls withdeformable polystyrene inclusions. 2014 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Production and hosting byElsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant No.2024JJ5454)the Natural Science Foundation of Changsha City(Grant No.kq2402245).
文摘Digital innovation demonstrates signifcant potential in fostering high-quality enterprise development.Using data from listed companies in the Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration of Hunan Province from 2003 to 2023,this study empirically examines the impact of digital innovation on total factor productivity(TFP).A dynamic panel threshold model is further employed to explore the moderating and threshold effects of managerial characteristics.The results indicate that digital innovation signifcantly promotes TFP.Managerial myopia and environmental attention exhibit notable moderating and threshold effects in the relationship between digital innovation and TFP.When managerial myopia exceeds a certain threshold,the effect of digital innovation on TFP shifts from positive to negative.Conversely,when managerial environmental attention surpasses a threshold,the positive effect of digital innovation on TFP becomes evident.Heterogeneity analysis reveals that digital innovation plays a particularly prominent role in enhancing TFP among non-high-tech frms,non-state-owned enterprises,and companies located outside the core Chang-Zhu-Tan region.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(General Program,No.11571337,71873128,Key Program,No.71631006)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Grant No.RGPIN-2017-05720)。
文摘Spatio-temporal data analysis is an emerging research area due to the development and application ofnovel computational techniques allowing for the analysis of large spatiotemporal databases.We consider a general class of spatio-temporal linear models,where the number of structural breaks can tend to infinity.A procedure for simultaneously detecting all the change points is developed rigorously via the construction of adaptive group lasso penalty.Consistency of the multiple change point estimation is established under mild technical conditions even when the true number of change points sn diverges with the series length n.The adaptive group lasso can be substituted by the group lasso and other non-convex group selection penalty functions such as group SCAD or group MCP.The simulation studies demonstrate that our procedure is stable and accurate.Two empirical examples from property market,including the housing transaction price in Baton Rouge and the commodity apartment price in Hong Kong,are analyzed to fully illustrate the proposed methodology.
