AIM To evaluate the utility of patch test and cross-sensitivity patterns in patients with adverse cutaneous drug reactions(ACDR) from common anticonvulsants. METHODS Twenty-four(M:F = 13:11) patients aged 18-75 years ...AIM To evaluate the utility of patch test and cross-sensitivity patterns in patients with adverse cutaneous drug reactions(ACDR) from common anticonvulsants. METHODS Twenty-four(M:F = 13:11) patients aged 18-75 years with ACDR from anticonvulsants were patch tested 3-27 mo after complete recovery using carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbitone, lamotrigine, and sodium valproate in 10%, 20% and 30% conc. in pet. after informed consent. Positive reactions persisting on D3 and D4 were considered significant. RESULTS Clinical patterns were exanthematous drug rash with or without systemic involvement(DRESS) in 18(75%), Stevens-Johnsons syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis(SJS/TEN) overlap and TEN in 2(8.3%) patients each, SJS and lichenoid drug eruption in 1(4.2%) patient each, respectively. The implicated drugs were phenytoin in 14(58.3%), carbamazepine in 9(37.5%), phenobarbitone in 2(8.3%), and lamotrigine in 1(4.7%) patients,respectively. Twelve(50%) patients elicited positive reactions to implicated drugs; carbamazepine in 6(50%), phenytoin alone in 4(33.3%), phenobarbitone alone in 1(8.3%), and both phenytoin and phenobarbitone in 1(8.33%) patients, respectively. Cross-reactions occurred in 11(92%) patients. Six patients with carbamazepine positive patch test reaction showed cross sensitivity with phenobarbitone, sodium valproate and/or lamotrigine. Three(75%) patients among positive phenytoin patch test reactions had cross reactions with phenobarbitone, lamotrigine, and/or valproate. CONCLUSION Carbamazepine remains the commonest anticonvulsant causing ACDRs and cross-reactions with other anticonvulsants are possible. Drug patch testing appears useful in DRESS for drug imputability and cross-reactions established clinically.展开更多
Background: In India, tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem, and the advent of drug resistance TB (DR-TB) has worsened the situation. The Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP) has introduced unive...Background: In India, tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem, and the advent of drug resistance TB (DR-TB) has worsened the situation. The Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP) has introduced universal drug susceptibility testing (UDST) for all diagnosed TB cases in 2018. We conducted this study to know the advantage of implementing UDST when compared to selective testing existent in 2017 on key diagnostic cascade parameters and to identify the challenges in the implementation of UDST. Methods: The study was conducted in two districts of Karnataka, India during January 2017-December 2018. The quantitative part consisted of before-and-after design and the qualitative part consisted of descriptive design. Results: In 2017 (during selective testing/“before” period) out of the 2440 TB patients, 80 (3%) were diagnosed with Isoniazid and Rifampicin resistance patients;in contrast in 2018 (during UDST/“after” period) of the 5129 TB patients 258 (5%) were diagnosed with Isoniazid and Rifampicin resistance. However, the proportion of eligible patients tested for rifampicin resistance during the “after” period was 60% when compared to 100% during the “before” period and median turnaround time for testing was also longer during the “after” period when compared to the “before” period (32.5 days vs 27.5 days). Major reasons for these two gaps were found to be difficulties in collecting sputum specimens and transportation. Conclusion: The rollout of UDST has led to a three-fold increase in a number of DR-TB cases detected in the region. There is a need for the programme to increase the proportion tested for DST by increasing the laboratory capacity and address the challenges in sputum collection and transportation.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to investigate the hydrolyzation of aspirin during the process of dissolution testing for aspirin delayed-release tablets. Hydrolysis product of salicylic acid can result in adverse effec...The purpose of this study was to investigate the hydrolyzation of aspirin during the process of dissolution testing for aspirin delayed-release tablets. Hydrolysis product of salicylic acid can result in adverse effects and affect the determination of dissolution rate assaying. In this study, the technique of differential spectra was employed, which made it possible to monitor the dissolution testing in situ. The results showed that the hydrolyzation of aspirin made the percentage of salicylic acid exceed the limit of free salicylic acid （4.0）, and the hydrolyzation may affect the quality detection of aspirin delayed-release tablets.展开更多
The volatile oil of Artemisia argyi was extracted by ultrasonic assisted extraction, and the extraction rate of volatile oil was 0.68%. Thevolatile oil of A. argyi was emulsified with 1% Tween-80, and drug susceptibil...The volatile oil of Artemisia argyi was extracted by ultrasonic assisted extraction, and the extraction rate of volatile oil was 0.68%. Thevolatile oil of A. argyi was emulsified with 1% Tween-80, and drug susceptibility test was conducted with avian Escherichia coli. The results showedthat the volatile oil of A. argyi had antibacterial effect against avian E. coli, and the minimal inhibitory concentration was 50 mg/mL. Taking sixcommon antibiotics as the control, drug susceptibility test was conducted with volatile oil of A. argyi. The results showed that 10 strains of E. coliwere sensitive to the volatile oil of A. argyi, three of which had different degrees of resistance and one had the tendency of resistance.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to isolate and identify the drug-resistant Es- cherichia coli strains from chickens. [Method] E. coli strains were isolated from the fecal samples collected from five chicken farms around ...[Objective] This study aimed to isolate and identify the drug-resistant Es- cherichia coli strains from chickens. [Method] E. coli strains were isolated from the fecal samples collected from five chicken farms around Shangqiu City, and verified by biochemical and pathogenic assay. [Result] Among the 35 isolated E. coli stains, 11 E. coil stains were sensitive to florfenicol, amikacin, neomycin and gentamicin; 12 E. coli stains were moderately sensitive to ciprofloxacin, doxycycline and norfloxacin; 15 E. coil stains were resistant against erythromycin, penicillin and streptomycin. [Conclusion] Strengthening biosecurity measures, rationally using vaccine and choosing effective antibiotics are the most cost-efficient methods to control E. coli.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to analyze the correlation between drug resistance and resistant genotypes of pathogenic Klebsiella peneumoniae from racoon dog to fluoroquinolones.[Method]The drug resistance and resistant ge...[Objective]The paper was to analyze the correlation between drug resistance and resistant genotypes of pathogenic Klebsiella peneumoniae from racoon dog to fluoroquinolones.[Method]The drug resistance and resistant genes of 24 strains of pathogenic K.peneumoniae from racoon dog to fluoroquinolones were detected by K-B drug susceptibility paper and PCR.[Result]Multiple drug-resistant strains were dominant among 24 strains of pathogenic K.peneumoniae,and the drug resistance to levofloxacin,enrofloxacin,ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin was 70.8%-79.2%;the strains resistant to 4,3 and 2 antibiotics were 58.3%,29.2%and 8.3%,respectively.The detection rates of drug-resistant genes TEM,gyrB,parC,parE,gyrA and SHV were 75%-100%,and the number of strains carrying 9,8,7,6,4 and 3 drug-resistant genes was 4.2%-41.7%.Comparison of drug-resistant genes and drug resistance showed that the coincidence rates of levofloxacin,enrofloxacin,ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin were 78.9%-100%.[Conclusion]There were certain correlation between drug resistance and resistant genotypes of 24 strains of pathogenic Klebsiella peneumo-niae to fluoroquinolones.展开更多
In order to isolate and identify the pathogenic bacteria causing dead chickens in a chicken farm in Qinhuangdao area,the liver,heart and other organs of dead chickens suspected of salmonella disease were collected ase...In order to isolate and identify the pathogenic bacteria causing dead chickens in a chicken farm in Qinhuangdao area,the liver,heart and other organs of dead chickens suspected of salmonella disease were collected aseptically,and streaked on SS agar medium and chromagar medium.Transparent colonies were observed on SS agar medium,and purple and transparent colonies on CAS medium.The isolate was conducted purification,staining microscopy,biochemical tests,and 16 S rRNA sequence analysis,and the results showed that four strains of the isolated bacte-ria were salmonella.The 16 S rRNA sequence analysis of four strains of salmonella showed that the isolates shared more than 99%homology.Drug susceptibility test was performed using paper method,and the results showed that most of the strains were resistant to tilmicosin,cefradine and sul-famethoxazole,but were sensitive to ceftriaxone.展开更多
Ten pathogenic strains were isolated fi-om gingers infected by blast, and were identified by substrate utilization test and biochemical test. The identifica- tion results showed that these ten strains accorded with th...Ten pathogenic strains were isolated fi-om gingers infected by blast, and were identified by substrate utilization test and biochemical test. The identifica- tion results showed that these ten strains accorded with the basic characteristics of Pseudomonas solanacearum. Drug sensitivity test of ten strains was carried out, and prevention agents were screened to provide an experimental basis for the control of ginger blast.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to determine the pathogen causing fox pneumonia in a breeding factory in Changli County.[Method]Through autopsy,a dominant strain was isolated from the lung of dead foxes,which was then perfor...[Objective]The paper was to determine the pathogen causing fox pneumonia in a breeding factory in Changli County.[Method]Through autopsy,a dominant strain was isolated from the lung of dead foxes,which was then performed Gram staining,16 S rRNA sequence analysis and biochemical identification.[Result]The strain was negative in Gram staining,and was identified as E.coli through 16 S rRNA sequence analysis and biochemical identification.Drug susceptibility test was conducted using 15 kinds of drug susceptibility papers.The E.coli was sensitive to florfenicol,enrofloxacin,ceftriaxone,norfloxacin;intermediately sensitive to amikacin,gentamicin;and strongly resistant to penicillin,ampicillin,cefradine,sulfamethoxazole,lincomycin,streptomycin and amoxicillin.[Conclusion]It is difficult to treat E.coli causing fox pneumonia with traditional antibiotics clinically.展开更多
[ Objectives] The paper aimed to select drugs reasonably for treatment of rex rabbit colibacillosis, and to isolate the pathogenicity of Escherichia coll. [ Methods ] Pathogen isolation, drug sensitivity test and path...[ Objectives] The paper aimed to select drugs reasonably for treatment of rex rabbit colibacillosis, and to isolate the pathogenicity of Escherichia coll. [ Methods ] Pathogen isolation, drug sensitivity test and pathogen regression test were performed with rex rabbits killed by E. coli in clinic. [ Results] The isolate was E. coli 0-23, susceptible to amikacin and cefotaxime sodium; when the challenge dose was 1.0 mL/rabbit （about one billion E. coli）, the test animal would discharge mucous feces. [ Conclusions] The results provided model support for clinical medicine selection against rex rabbit colibacillosis.展开更多
In order to investigate the multi drug resistance to Escherichia coli from captive population Amur tiger,E. coli strains were isolated from the fecal samples of tiger in Heilongjiang Amur Tiger Park in Harbin. The sen...In order to investigate the multi drug resistance to Escherichia coli from captive population Amur tiger,E. coli strains were isolated from the fecal samples of tiger in Heilongjiang Amur Tiger Park in Harbin. The sensitivity of E. coli isolates to 14 antibiotics was determined by scrip diffusion method. The results indicated that all the isolates varied in drug resistance to different antibiotics; the isolates gave high resistance to ampicillin,with a drug fast rate of 100%; over80% of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline and Paediatric Compound Sulfamethoxazole Tablets(SMZ- TMP),and over 70% of the isolates were sensitive to aztreonam,amoxicillin /potassium clavulanate. Most of the isolates had high sensitive to aztreonam and amoxicillin / clavulanate acid.展开更多
White feather broilers in some broiler farm in Chengde area developed arthritis and died acutely.In order to identify the pathogen inducing the disease and death of the white feather broilers,samples such as livers an...White feather broilers in some broiler farm in Chengde area developed arthritis and died acutely.In order to identify the pathogen inducing the disease and death of the white feather broilers,samples such as livers and joint pus were collected from dead broilers under sterile condition,and one pathogenic strain was isolated.The isolate was identified to be Staphylococcus aureus through isolated culture,morphologic observation,inspection of biochemical property and animal test.The drug sensitivity test showed that the isolate was sensitive to ceftazidime,enrofloxacin,ceftriaxone,lincomycin and amikacin,but resistant to other drugs to different degrees.展开更多
[Objectives] The study aimed to identify the pathogen that causes diarrhea in minks. [Methods] Liver tissues were aseptically collected from dead minks with diarrhea. By bacterial isolation and culture,morphological o...[Objectives] The study aimed to identify the pathogen that causes diarrhea in minks. [Methods] Liver tissues were aseptically collected from dead minks with diarrhea. By bacterial isolation and culture,morphological observation,biochemical test and pathogenicity test,the isolated strain was identified as pathogenic E. coli. [Results]The pathogen causing diarrhea in minks was confirmed as a pathogenic E. coli strain. Drug sensitivity test indicated that the isolated pathogenic E. coli strain was highly sensitive to ceftazidime,cefotaxime,enrofloxacin,florfenicol and cephradine,moderately sensitive to ampicillin,ciprofloxacin,amikacin,doxycycline,lincomycin and gentamycin,and resistant to amoxycillin,neomycin,spectinomycin,polymyxin and penicillin. [Conclusions] This study provided reference for the prevention and control of abortion in female minks in Qinhuangdao region.展开更多
Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is a global problem that affects about half of the world’s population and requires sufficient attention in clinical and scientific work. Due to differences in economic and medical c...Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is a global problem that affects about half of the world’s population and requires sufficient attention in clinical and scientific work. Due to differences in economic and medical conditions among countries around the world, there is currently no unified treatment plan for anti-HP. In China, empirical quadruple therapy is mainly used. With the abuse of antibiotics, many patients face the problem of secondary eradication after failure, and the resistance rate of HP is gradually increasing. After eradication failure, drug sensitivity cultivation is carried out to choose sensitive antibiotics for treatment. A new strategy is currently needed to address how to improve the eradication rate of HP during the first eradication. This article aims to discuss the first-line treatment plans and research progress for eradicating HP based on drug sensitivity testing before eradication. Compared with traditional empirical therapies, treatment based on drug sensitivity results can effectively improve the eradication rate of HP, and reduce drug resistance rates, and adverse reactions, among other benefits. .展开更多
Objective: drug-resistant tuberculosis is treated by scientific dispensing after drug sensitivity test, and the effect of this treatment method is observed. Methods: 68 patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis in our...Objective: drug-resistant tuberculosis is treated by scientific dispensing after drug sensitivity test, and the effect of this treatment method is observed. Methods: 68 patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis in our department from April 2018 to February 2020 were taken as the observation objects, and were divided into the experimental group and the control group. After drug sensitivity test, the drug-dispensing treatment and routine treatment were adopted respectively, and the effects of the two treatment methods were compared. Results: compared with the control group, the negative conversion rate of the experimental group was 91.17%, and that of the control group was 70.58% (χ2 = 23.987,P = 0.000). The results were different. Conclusion: the drug-resistant tubercle bacilli are treated with drug allergy test and the effect is good. The method can be popularized.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the clinical distribution and drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii(AB)and provide reference for the treatment of AB infection.Methods:AB isolated from clinical specimens of Huaihua First Peo...Objective:To analyze the clinical distribution and drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii(AB)and provide reference for the treatment of AB infection.Methods:AB isolated from clinical specimens of Huaihua First People’s Hospital from 2019 to 2021 were collected and identified by VITEK 2 Compact,an automated microbial identification and susceptibility testing system,in which drug sensitivity test was also performed.Excel was used for statistical analysis.Results:Among the 1,311 AB strains,81.16%(1,064 strains)were from sputum samples,and the departments with the highest detections rates of AB were neurosurgery(24.33%),intensive care(15.48%)and infectious disease(11.44%).The drug sensitivity test showed that the resistance rate of 1,311 AB strains to compound sulfamethoxazole and amikacin was 28.38%and 20.54%,respectively,and the resistance rate to 10 other kinds of common antibiotics was more than 40%.Conclusion:The 1,311 AB strains isolated were widely distributed in clinical settings and had strong resistance to commonly used antibiotics.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of pathogens and drug resistance,formulate reasonable and effective infection control measures,and ensure that antibiotics are used in a reasonable manner.展开更多
Bioprinting is reshaping the field of tissue regeneration and drug screening by creating physiologically accurate and scalable tissue models that reduce the limitations of conventional animal testing.It helps to minim...Bioprinting is reshaping the field of tissue regeneration and drug screening by creating physiologically accurate and scalable tissue models that reduce the limitations of conventional animal testing.It helps to minimize interspecies variability by developing complex 3D tissue structures that closely mimic the structural and func-tional characteristics of native tissues,ensuring high reproducibility.Furthermore,it supports more humane and sustainable preclinical testing by aligning with the ethical 3Rs principles(Replacement,Reduction and Refine-ment).Although bioprinting offers many advantages,its full potential in evaluating drug testing applications has yet to be harnessed.In this review,we discuss the efficacy of key bioprinting techniques in replicating the structural and functional characteristics of engineered tissues,comparing them with their native counterparts.Further,we highlight case studies demonstrating the applications of bioprinted skin,cardiac,hepatic,renal,bone,and cancer models in pharmaceutical research.The commercialization of bioprinted drug testing platforms and their integration into pharmaceutical development are also discussed.Finally,we outline key advantages,current challenges,and future directions needed to establish bioprinting as a transformative tool for preclinical drug testing,aiming to replace traditional animal models.展开更多
Although various strategies have been proposed for enrichment of circulating tumor cells(CTCs),the clinical outcomes of CTC detection are far from satisfactory.The prevailingmethodologies for CTC detection are general...Although various strategies have been proposed for enrichment of circulating tumor cells(CTCs),the clinical outcomes of CTC detection are far from satisfactory.The prevailingmethodologies for CTC detection are generally oriented towardnaturallyoccurring targets;however,misdetection and interference are prevalent due to the diverse phenotypes and subpopulations of CTCs,which are highly heterogeneous.Here,a CTC isolation system based on the“labelcapture-release”process is demonstrated for the precise and highly efficient enrichment of CTCs fromclinical blood samples.On the basis of the abnormal glycometabolism of tumor cells,the surface of CTCs can be decorated with artificial azido groups.By utilizing bio-orthogonal plates designed with dibenzocyclooctane(DBCO)and disulfide groups,withthe aid of anti-fouling effects,CTCs labeled with azido groups can be captured through a copper-free click reaction and subsequently released via disulfide reduction.The technique has been shown to label tumor cells with the epithelial cell adhesion molecule(EpCAM)+and EpCAM~phenotypes in both adherent and suspended states.Moreover,it effectively isolates all epithelial,interstitial,and hybrid phenotypes of CTCs from clinical blood samples collected from dozens of patients across more than 10 cancer types.Compared to the clinically approved CTC detection system,our strategy demonstrates superior performance from the perspective of broad-spectrum and accurate recognition of heterogeneous CTCs.More importantly,most of the captured CTCs can be released with the retention of living activity,making this technique well suited for downstream applications such as drug susceptibility tests involving viable CTCs.展开更多
[ Objective] The aim of this study was to lay a foundation for obtaining effective traditional Chinese medicine preparations controlling chicken colibacillosis. [ Method] With the western medicine Lomeflbxacin Hydroch...[ Objective] The aim of this study was to lay a foundation for obtaining effective traditional Chinese medicine preparations controlling chicken colibacillosis. [ Method] With the western medicine Lomeflbxacin Hydrochloride and Sodium Chloride Injection as the control, drug sensitivity tests of 15 single traditional Chinese herbs and seven self-made Chinese herbal compounds were conducted. Subsequently, the single traditional Chinese herbs presenting good in vitro antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli and all the seven compounds were given to the chicks artificially infected with E. coil to observe their efficacies. [ Result] The results of drug sensitivity tests showed that all the 15 traditional Chinese herbs had certain antibacterial effect against E. coli, among which aloe, pomegranate rind and radix sanguisorbae were the best. Compound 1, 2 and 5 had good antibacterial effects in vitro. By in vivo test, traditional Chinese medicines showed superior efficacies on infected chicks than western medicine, and compound 1 and 2 performed well. [ConclusiOn] Traditional Chinese medicine preparations are good at controlling Chicken colibacillosis, but their bacteriostasis mechanism in vivo was different with that in vitro.展开更多
Recently,organ-on-chips have become a fast-growing research field with the widespread development of microfluidic chips and synthetic materials in tissue engineering.Due to the existing cardiotoxicity of many cardiova...Recently,organ-on-chips have become a fast-growing research field with the widespread development of microfluidic chips and synthetic materials in tissue engineering.Due to the existing cardiotoxicity of many cardiovascular drugs,heart-onchips which are promising to replace traditional animal models have been extensively researched and developed to mimic human organ functions in vitro.The heart-on-chips mainly focus on cardiac mechanics,which is regarded as the central indicator of in vitro heart models and drug testing.Traditional methods for the detection of myocardial mechanics have been demonstrated complex and inefficient in heart-on-chips.Therefore,photonic crystal materials with unique optical properties have attracted interests and have been introduced into the heart-on-chips,developing a visualized self-reporting system for cardiomyocytes activity monitoring.In this review,photonic crystal-based heart-on-chips for biosensing are introduced,as well as the fabricationmethods and design criteria of them.The characterizations of the photonic crystal materials are classified into optical properties and structural properties,and their applications in cell culture and biosensing are further discussed.Then,several representative examples and developments of the integration of photonic crystal materials into microfluidic chips are described in detail.Finally,potentials and limitations are put forward to promote the development of the photonic crystal-based intelligent heart-on-chips.展开更多
文摘AIM To evaluate the utility of patch test and cross-sensitivity patterns in patients with adverse cutaneous drug reactions(ACDR) from common anticonvulsants. METHODS Twenty-four(M:F = 13:11) patients aged 18-75 years with ACDR from anticonvulsants were patch tested 3-27 mo after complete recovery using carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbitone, lamotrigine, and sodium valproate in 10%, 20% and 30% conc. in pet. after informed consent. Positive reactions persisting on D3 and D4 were considered significant. RESULTS Clinical patterns were exanthematous drug rash with or without systemic involvement(DRESS) in 18(75%), Stevens-Johnsons syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis(SJS/TEN) overlap and TEN in 2(8.3%) patients each, SJS and lichenoid drug eruption in 1(4.2%) patient each, respectively. The implicated drugs were phenytoin in 14(58.3%), carbamazepine in 9(37.5%), phenobarbitone in 2(8.3%), and lamotrigine in 1(4.7%) patients,respectively. Twelve(50%) patients elicited positive reactions to implicated drugs; carbamazepine in 6(50%), phenytoin alone in 4(33.3%), phenobarbitone alone in 1(8.3%), and both phenytoin and phenobarbitone in 1(8.33%) patients, respectively. Cross-reactions occurred in 11(92%) patients. Six patients with carbamazepine positive patch test reaction showed cross sensitivity with phenobarbitone, sodium valproate and/or lamotrigine. Three(75%) patients among positive phenytoin patch test reactions had cross reactions with phenobarbitone, lamotrigine, and/or valproate. CONCLUSION Carbamazepine remains the commonest anticonvulsant causing ACDRs and cross-reactions with other anticonvulsants are possible. Drug patch testing appears useful in DRESS for drug imputability and cross-reactions established clinically.
文摘Background: In India, tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem, and the advent of drug resistance TB (DR-TB) has worsened the situation. The Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP) has introduced universal drug susceptibility testing (UDST) for all diagnosed TB cases in 2018. We conducted this study to know the advantage of implementing UDST when compared to selective testing existent in 2017 on key diagnostic cascade parameters and to identify the challenges in the implementation of UDST. Methods: The study was conducted in two districts of Karnataka, India during January 2017-December 2018. The quantitative part consisted of before-and-after design and the qualitative part consisted of descriptive design. Results: In 2017 (during selective testing/“before” period) out of the 2440 TB patients, 80 (3%) were diagnosed with Isoniazid and Rifampicin resistance patients;in contrast in 2018 (during UDST/“after” period) of the 5129 TB patients 258 (5%) were diagnosed with Isoniazid and Rifampicin resistance. However, the proportion of eligible patients tested for rifampicin resistance during the “after” period was 60% when compared to 100% during the “before” period and median turnaround time for testing was also longer during the “after” period when compared to the “before” period (32.5 days vs 27.5 days). Major reasons for these two gaps were found to be difficulties in collecting sputum specimens and transportation. Conclusion: The rollout of UDST has led to a three-fold increase in a number of DR-TB cases detected in the region. There is a need for the programme to increase the proportion tested for DST by increasing the laboratory capacity and address the challenges in sputum collection and transportation.
基金supported by the Xinjiang Medical University Scientific Innovation Fund (No. XJC201129)Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Natural Science Fund (No. 2011211A041)
文摘The purpose of this study was to investigate the hydrolyzation of aspirin during the process of dissolution testing for aspirin delayed-release tablets. Hydrolysis product of salicylic acid can result in adverse effects and affect the determination of dissolution rate assaying. In this study, the technique of differential spectra was employed, which made it possible to monitor the dissolution testing in situ. The results showed that the hydrolyzation of aspirin made the percentage of salicylic acid exceed the limit of free salicylic acid （4.0）, and the hydrolyzation may affect the quality detection of aspirin delayed-release tablets.
基金Supported by Scientific Research and Technology Development Program of Guangxi ProvinceConstruction of Science and Technology Service Platform in Hezhou Agricultural Science and Tech-nology Park(GKN 14258003)Scientific Research Project of Hezhou University(HZU-JS201617)
文摘The volatile oil of Artemisia argyi was extracted by ultrasonic assisted extraction, and the extraction rate of volatile oil was 0.68%. Thevolatile oil of A. argyi was emulsified with 1% Tween-80, and drug susceptibility test was conducted with avian Escherichia coli. The results showedthat the volatile oil of A. argyi had antibacterial effect against avian E. coli, and the minimal inhibitory concentration was 50 mg/mL. Taking sixcommon antibiotics as the control, drug susceptibility test was conducted with volatile oil of A. argyi. The results showed that 10 strains of E. coliwere sensitive to the volatile oil of A. argyi, three of which had different degrees of resistance and one had the tendency of resistance.
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to isolate and identify the drug-resistant Es- cherichia coli strains from chickens. [Method] E. coli strains were isolated from the fecal samples collected from five chicken farms around Shangqiu City, and verified by biochemical and pathogenic assay. [Result] Among the 35 isolated E. coli stains, 11 E. coil stains were sensitive to florfenicol, amikacin, neomycin and gentamicin; 12 E. coli stains were moderately sensitive to ciprofloxacin, doxycycline and norfloxacin; 15 E. coil stains were resistant against erythromycin, penicillin and streptomycin. [Conclusion] Strengthening biosecurity measures, rationally using vaccine and choosing effective antibiotics are the most cost-efficient methods to control E. coli.
基金Supported by Project of Hebei Department of Science and Technology(18246629G)Project of Shijiazhuang Science and Technology Bureau(171500953A)Project of Hebei Department of Education(ZD2017234)
文摘[Objective]The paper was to analyze the correlation between drug resistance and resistant genotypes of pathogenic Klebsiella peneumoniae from racoon dog to fluoroquinolones.[Method]The drug resistance and resistant genes of 24 strains of pathogenic K.peneumoniae from racoon dog to fluoroquinolones were detected by K-B drug susceptibility paper and PCR.[Result]Multiple drug-resistant strains were dominant among 24 strains of pathogenic K.peneumoniae,and the drug resistance to levofloxacin,enrofloxacin,ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin was 70.8%-79.2%;the strains resistant to 4,3 and 2 antibiotics were 58.3%,29.2%and 8.3%,respectively.The detection rates of drug-resistant genes TEM,gyrB,parC,parE,gyrA and SHV were 75%-100%,and the number of strains carrying 9,8,7,6,4 and 3 drug-resistant genes was 4.2%-41.7%.Comparison of drug-resistant genes and drug resistance showed that the coincidence rates of levofloxacin,enrofloxacin,ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin were 78.9%-100%.[Conclusion]There were certain correlation between drug resistance and resistant genotypes of 24 strains of pathogenic Klebsiella peneumo-niae to fluoroquinolones.
基金Supported by The Third Batch Giant Plan of Hebei Province(180416H)
文摘In order to isolate and identify the pathogenic bacteria causing dead chickens in a chicken farm in Qinhuangdao area,the liver,heart and other organs of dead chickens suspected of salmonella disease were collected aseptically,and streaked on SS agar medium and chromagar medium.Transparent colonies were observed on SS agar medium,and purple and transparent colonies on CAS medium.The isolate was conducted purification,staining microscopy,biochemical tests,and 16 S rRNA sequence analysis,and the results showed that four strains of the isolated bacte-ria were salmonella.The 16 S rRNA sequence analysis of four strains of salmonella showed that the isolates shared more than 99%homology.Drug susceptibility test was performed using paper method,and the results showed that most of the strains were resistant to tilmicosin,cefradine and sul-famethoxazole,but were sensitive to ceftriaxone.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Development Project of Shandong Province(2011YD210220)
文摘Ten pathogenic strains were isolated fi-om gingers infected by blast, and were identified by substrate utilization test and biochemical test. The identifica- tion results showed that these ten strains accorded with the basic characteristics of Pseudomonas solanacearum. Drug sensitivity test of ten strains was carried out, and prevention agents were screened to provide an experimental basis for the control of ginger blast.
基金Supported by Project of Hebei Department of Science and Technology(18246629G)Project of Shijiazhuang Science and Technology Bureau(171500953A)Project of Hebei Department of Education(ZD2017234)
文摘[Objective]The paper was to determine the pathogen causing fox pneumonia in a breeding factory in Changli County.[Method]Through autopsy,a dominant strain was isolated from the lung of dead foxes,which was then performed Gram staining,16 S rRNA sequence analysis and biochemical identification.[Result]The strain was negative in Gram staining,and was identified as E.coli through 16 S rRNA sequence analysis and biochemical identification.Drug susceptibility test was conducted using 15 kinds of drug susceptibility papers.The E.coli was sensitive to florfenicol,enrofloxacin,ceftriaxone,norfloxacin;intermediately sensitive to amikacin,gentamicin;and strongly resistant to penicillin,ampicillin,cefradine,sulfamethoxazole,lincomycin,streptomycin and amoxicillin.[Conclusion]It is difficult to treat E.coli causing fox pneumonia with traditional antibiotics clinically.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2014CQ012)
文摘[ Objectives] The paper aimed to select drugs reasonably for treatment of rex rabbit colibacillosis, and to isolate the pathogenicity of Escherichia coll. [ Methods ] Pathogen isolation, drug sensitivity test and pathogen regression test were performed with rex rabbits killed by E. coli in clinic. [ Results] The isolate was E. coli 0-23, susceptible to amikacin and cefotaxime sodium; when the challenge dose was 1.0 mL/rabbit （about one billion E. coli）, the test animal would discharge mucous feces. [ Conclusions] The results provided model support for clinical medicine selection against rex rabbit colibacillosis.
基金Supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DL12BA04)
文摘In order to investigate the multi drug resistance to Escherichia coli from captive population Amur tiger,E. coli strains were isolated from the fecal samples of tiger in Heilongjiang Amur Tiger Park in Harbin. The sensitivity of E. coli isolates to 14 antibiotics was determined by scrip diffusion method. The results indicated that all the isolates varied in drug resistance to different antibiotics; the isolates gave high resistance to ampicillin,with a drug fast rate of 100%; over80% of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline and Paediatric Compound Sulfamethoxazole Tablets(SMZ- TMP),and over 70% of the isolates were sensitive to aztreonam,amoxicillin /potassium clavulanate. Most of the isolates had high sensitive to aztreonam and amoxicillin / clavulanate acid.
基金Supported by Hebei Science and Technology Deparment Project(17226607D)
文摘White feather broilers in some broiler farm in Chengde area developed arthritis and died acutely.In order to identify the pathogen inducing the disease and death of the white feather broilers,samples such as livers and joint pus were collected from dead broilers under sterile condition,and one pathogenic strain was isolated.The isolate was identified to be Staphylococcus aureus through isolated culture,morphologic observation,inspection of biochemical property and animal test.The drug sensitivity test showed that the isolate was sensitive to ceftazidime,enrofloxacin,ceftriaxone,lincomycin and amikacin,but resistant to other drugs to different degrees.
基金Supported by Project of Hebei Education Department(ZD2017234)Project of Science and Technology Bureau of Shijiazhuang(171500953A)Project of Science and Technology Bureau of Qinhuangdao(201602A046)
文摘[Objectives] The study aimed to identify the pathogen that causes diarrhea in minks. [Methods] Liver tissues were aseptically collected from dead minks with diarrhea. By bacterial isolation and culture,morphological observation,biochemical test and pathogenicity test,the isolated strain was identified as pathogenic E. coli. [Results]The pathogen causing diarrhea in minks was confirmed as a pathogenic E. coli strain. Drug sensitivity test indicated that the isolated pathogenic E. coli strain was highly sensitive to ceftazidime,cefotaxime,enrofloxacin,florfenicol and cephradine,moderately sensitive to ampicillin,ciprofloxacin,amikacin,doxycycline,lincomycin and gentamycin,and resistant to amoxycillin,neomycin,spectinomycin,polymyxin and penicillin. [Conclusions] This study provided reference for the prevention and control of abortion in female minks in Qinhuangdao region.
文摘Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is a global problem that affects about half of the world’s population and requires sufficient attention in clinical and scientific work. Due to differences in economic and medical conditions among countries around the world, there is currently no unified treatment plan for anti-HP. In China, empirical quadruple therapy is mainly used. With the abuse of antibiotics, many patients face the problem of secondary eradication after failure, and the resistance rate of HP is gradually increasing. After eradication failure, drug sensitivity cultivation is carried out to choose sensitive antibiotics for treatment. A new strategy is currently needed to address how to improve the eradication rate of HP during the first eradication. This article aims to discuss the first-line treatment plans and research progress for eradicating HP based on drug sensitivity testing before eradication. Compared with traditional empirical therapies, treatment based on drug sensitivity results can effectively improve the eradication rate of HP, and reduce drug resistance rates, and adverse reactions, among other benefits. .
文摘Objective: drug-resistant tuberculosis is treated by scientific dispensing after drug sensitivity test, and the effect of this treatment method is observed. Methods: 68 patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis in our department from April 2018 to February 2020 were taken as the observation objects, and were divided into the experimental group and the control group. After drug sensitivity test, the drug-dispensing treatment and routine treatment were adopted respectively, and the effects of the two treatment methods were compared. Results: compared with the control group, the negative conversion rate of the experimental group was 91.17%, and that of the control group was 70.58% (χ2 = 23.987,P = 0.000). The results were different. Conclusion: the drug-resistant tubercle bacilli are treated with drug allergy test and the effect is good. The method can be popularized.
基金the Scientific Research Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education(19C1328)the Research-Based Learning and Innovative Experimental Program for College Students in Hunan Province(S202012214040).
文摘Objective:To analyze the clinical distribution and drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii(AB)and provide reference for the treatment of AB infection.Methods:AB isolated from clinical specimens of Huaihua First People’s Hospital from 2019 to 2021 were collected and identified by VITEK 2 Compact,an automated microbial identification and susceptibility testing system,in which drug sensitivity test was also performed.Excel was used for statistical analysis.Results:Among the 1,311 AB strains,81.16%(1,064 strains)were from sputum samples,and the departments with the highest detections rates of AB were neurosurgery(24.33%),intensive care(15.48%)and infectious disease(11.44%).The drug sensitivity test showed that the resistance rate of 1,311 AB strains to compound sulfamethoxazole and amikacin was 28.38%and 20.54%,respectively,and the resistance rate to 10 other kinds of common antibiotics was more than 40%.Conclusion:The 1,311 AB strains isolated were widely distributed in clinical settings and had strong resistance to commonly used antibiotics.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of pathogens and drug resistance,formulate reasonable and effective infection control measures,and ensure that antibiotics are used in a reasonable manner.
基金supported by the grants of National Research Foundation,Republic of Korea(RS-2021-NR060095,RS-2024-00348908,RS-2023-00220408)Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC),UK[grant number EP/X026108/1].
文摘Bioprinting is reshaping the field of tissue regeneration and drug screening by creating physiologically accurate and scalable tissue models that reduce the limitations of conventional animal testing.It helps to minimize interspecies variability by developing complex 3D tissue structures that closely mimic the structural and func-tional characteristics of native tissues,ensuring high reproducibility.Furthermore,it supports more humane and sustainable preclinical testing by aligning with the ethical 3Rs principles(Replacement,Reduction and Refine-ment).Although bioprinting offers many advantages,its full potential in evaluating drug testing applications has yet to be harnessed.In this review,we discuss the efficacy of key bioprinting techniques in replicating the structural and functional characteristics of engineered tissues,comparing them with their native counterparts.Further,we highlight case studies demonstrating the applications of bioprinted skin,cardiac,hepatic,renal,bone,and cancer models in pharmaceutical research.The commercialization of bioprinted drug testing platforms and their integration into pharmaceutical development are also discussed.Finally,we outline key advantages,current challenges,and future directions needed to establish bioprinting as a transformative tool for preclinical drug testing,aiming to replace traditional animal models.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB3800800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81903057,82073284,32000962,82402491,and 82272157)+2 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Research Funding(JCYJ20200109115601720)the Hong Kong PDFS-RGC Postdoctoral Fellowship Scheme(PDFS2122-1S08 and CityU 9061014)Hong Kong HMRF(Health and Medical Research Fund)(2120972 and CityU 9211320)。
文摘Although various strategies have been proposed for enrichment of circulating tumor cells(CTCs),the clinical outcomes of CTC detection are far from satisfactory.The prevailingmethodologies for CTC detection are generally oriented towardnaturallyoccurring targets;however,misdetection and interference are prevalent due to the diverse phenotypes and subpopulations of CTCs,which are highly heterogeneous.Here,a CTC isolation system based on the“labelcapture-release”process is demonstrated for the precise and highly efficient enrichment of CTCs fromclinical blood samples.On the basis of the abnormal glycometabolism of tumor cells,the surface of CTCs can be decorated with artificial azido groups.By utilizing bio-orthogonal plates designed with dibenzocyclooctane(DBCO)and disulfide groups,withthe aid of anti-fouling effects,CTCs labeled with azido groups can be captured through a copper-free click reaction and subsequently released via disulfide reduction.The technique has been shown to label tumor cells with the epithelial cell adhesion molecule(EpCAM)+and EpCAM~phenotypes in both adherent and suspended states.Moreover,it effectively isolates all epithelial,interstitial,and hybrid phenotypes of CTCs from clinical blood samples collected from dozens of patients across more than 10 cancer types.Compared to the clinically approved CTC detection system,our strategy demonstrates superior performance from the perspective of broad-spectrum and accurate recognition of heterogeneous CTCs.More importantly,most of the captured CTCs can be released with the retention of living activity,making this technique well suited for downstream applications such as drug susceptibility tests involving viable CTCs.
基金Supported by Fund of Education Department in Hebei Province(2007408)~~
文摘[ Objective] The aim of this study was to lay a foundation for obtaining effective traditional Chinese medicine preparations controlling chicken colibacillosis. [ Method] With the western medicine Lomeflbxacin Hydrochloride and Sodium Chloride Injection as the control, drug sensitivity tests of 15 single traditional Chinese herbs and seven self-made Chinese herbal compounds were conducted. Subsequently, the single traditional Chinese herbs presenting good in vitro antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli and all the seven compounds were given to the chicks artificially infected with E. coil to observe their efficacies. [ Result] The results of drug sensitivity tests showed that all the 15 traditional Chinese herbs had certain antibacterial effect against E. coli, among which aloe, pomegranate rind and radix sanguisorbae were the best. Compound 1, 2 and 5 had good antibacterial effects in vitro. By in vivo test, traditional Chinese medicines showed superior efficacies on infected chicks than western medicine, and compound 1 and 2 performed well. [ConclusiOn] Traditional Chinese medicine preparations are good at controlling Chicken colibacillosis, but their bacteriostasis mechanism in vivo was different with that in vitro.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 61927805)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu(Grant No.BE2018707)the Scientific Research Foundation of Nanjing University and Drum Tower Hospital.
文摘Recently,organ-on-chips have become a fast-growing research field with the widespread development of microfluidic chips and synthetic materials in tissue engineering.Due to the existing cardiotoxicity of many cardiovascular drugs,heart-onchips which are promising to replace traditional animal models have been extensively researched and developed to mimic human organ functions in vitro.The heart-on-chips mainly focus on cardiac mechanics,which is regarded as the central indicator of in vitro heart models and drug testing.Traditional methods for the detection of myocardial mechanics have been demonstrated complex and inefficient in heart-on-chips.Therefore,photonic crystal materials with unique optical properties have attracted interests and have been introduced into the heart-on-chips,developing a visualized self-reporting system for cardiomyocytes activity monitoring.In this review,photonic crystal-based heart-on-chips for biosensing are introduced,as well as the fabricationmethods and design criteria of them.The characterizations of the photonic crystal materials are classified into optical properties and structural properties,and their applications in cell culture and biosensing are further discussed.Then,several representative examples and developments of the integration of photonic crystal materials into microfluidic chips are described in detail.Finally,potentials and limitations are put forward to promote the development of the photonic crystal-based intelligent heart-on-chips.
