[Objective] There are continuous rainy days in Western Sichuan Plain in autumn. In order to avoid the impact of wet injury in sowing period, new varieties of Brassica napus L. with low erucidic acid and glucosinolate ...[Objective] There are continuous rainy days in Western Sichuan Plain in autumn. In order to avoid the impact of wet injury in sowing period, new varieties of Brassica napus L. with low erucidic acid and glucosinolate content which are suitable for no-tillage late direct-sowing in Western Sichuan Plain were screened in this study. [Method] Ten major varieties of Brassica napus L. were screened by randomized block design and triplicated plot test with no-tillage late direct-sowing and straw mulching for comparative experiment. [Result] ‘Chuanyou 58＇, ‘Huayouza 10＇and ‘Ningza 11＇ have high yield（per unit area yield above 3 000 kg/hm2）, excellent comprehensive characters, short growth period, high resistance and high quality;‘Huayouza 13＇ and ‘Zheshuang 3＇ have high yield potential（per unit area yield above 2 775 kg/hm2）, high resistance, high quality and moderate growth period; other varieties have extremely significant yield reduction, poor comprehensive characters and low resistance compared with control. [Conclusion] Excellent varieties of Brassica napus L. in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River such as ‘Huayouza10＇, ‘Ningza 11＇, ‘Huayouza 13＇ and ‘Zheshuang 3＇ can be successfully introduced and applied for large-area cultivation in Western Sichuan Plain.展开更多
Direct-sowing establishment method has great significance in improving winter oilseed rape（Brassica napus L.） production and guaranteeing edible oil security in China. However, nutrient responses on direct sown wint...Direct-sowing establishment method has great significance in improving winter oilseed rape（Brassica napus L.） production and guaranteeing edible oil security in China. However, nutrient responses on direct sown winter oilseed rape（DOR） performance and population development dynamic are still not well understood. Therefore, five on-farm experiments were conducted in the reaches of the Yangtze River（RYR） to determine the effects of nitrogen（N）, phosphorus（P）, and potassium（K） deficiencies on population density, dry matter production, nutrient uptake, seed yield, and yield components of DOR plants. Four fertilization treatments included the balanced NPK application treatment（NPK, 180 kg N, 39.3 kg P, 100 kg K, and 1.8 kg borax ha–1） and three nutrient deficiency treatments based on the NPK treatment, i.e., –N, –P, and –K. The results indicated that DOR population density declined gradually throughout the growing season, especially at over-wintering and pod-development stages. Nutrient deficiency decreased nutrient concentration in DOR plants, limited dry matter production and nutrient uptake, and thereby exacerbated density reduction during plants growth. The poor individual growth and reduced population density together decreased seed yield in the nutrient deficiency treatment. Averaged across all the experiments, seed yield reduced 61% by N deficiency, 38.3% by P deficiency, and 14.4% by K deficiency. The negative effects of nutrient deficiency on DOR performances followed the order of –N–P–K, and the effects were various among different nutrient deficiencies. Although N deficiency improved DOR emergence, but it seriously limited dry matter production and nutrient uptake, which in turn led to substantial plants death and therefore resulted in a very low harvested density. The P deficiency significantly reduced initial density, limited plants growth, and exacerbated density reduction. The K deficiency mainly decreased individual growth and yield, but did not affect density dynamic. Our results highlighted the importance of balanced NPK application in DOR production, suggesting that management strategy of these nutrients should be comprehensively considered with an aim to build an appropriate population structure with balanced plant density and individual growth.展开更多
基金Supported by National 863 Program of China(2011AA10A104)Special Fund for the Construction of Modern Agricultural Technology System(CARS-13)+4 种基金National Scienceand Technology Support Program of China(2010BAD01B08,2011BAD35B04)Breeding Research Project of Sichuan Province(2011NZ0098-5)Financial Genetic Engineering Program of Sichuan Province(2011JYGC04013)Special Fund for Agriculture Innovation Team Building of Sichuan ProvinceOutstanding Youth Academic and Technical Leader Training Program of Sichuan Province(2010JQ0054)~~
文摘[Objective] There are continuous rainy days in Western Sichuan Plain in autumn. In order to avoid the impact of wet injury in sowing period, new varieties of Brassica napus L. with low erucidic acid and glucosinolate content which are suitable for no-tillage late direct-sowing in Western Sichuan Plain were screened in this study. [Method] Ten major varieties of Brassica napus L. were screened by randomized block design and triplicated plot test with no-tillage late direct-sowing and straw mulching for comparative experiment. [Result] ‘Chuanyou 58＇, ‘Huayouza 10＇and ‘Ningza 11＇ have high yield（per unit area yield above 3 000 kg/hm2）, excellent comprehensive characters, short growth period, high resistance and high quality;‘Huayouza 13＇ and ‘Zheshuang 3＇ have high yield potential（per unit area yield above 2 775 kg/hm2）, high resistance, high quality and moderate growth period; other varieties have extremely significant yield reduction, poor comprehensive characters and low resistance compared with control. [Conclusion] Excellent varieties of Brassica napus L. in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River such as ‘Huayouza10＇, ‘Ningza 11＇, ‘Huayouza 13＇ and ‘Zheshuang 3＇ can be successfully introduced and applied for large-area cultivation in Western Sichuan Plain.
基金supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 11th Five-Year Plan period (2010BAD01B05)the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-13)+1 种基金the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of China (IRT1247)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China (2013PY113)
文摘Direct-sowing establishment method has great significance in improving winter oilseed rape（Brassica napus L.） production and guaranteeing edible oil security in China. However, nutrient responses on direct sown winter oilseed rape（DOR） performance and population development dynamic are still not well understood. Therefore, five on-farm experiments were conducted in the reaches of the Yangtze River（RYR） to determine the effects of nitrogen（N）, phosphorus（P）, and potassium（K） deficiencies on population density, dry matter production, nutrient uptake, seed yield, and yield components of DOR plants. Four fertilization treatments included the balanced NPK application treatment（NPK, 180 kg N, 39.3 kg P, 100 kg K, and 1.8 kg borax ha–1） and three nutrient deficiency treatments based on the NPK treatment, i.e., –N, –P, and –K. The results indicated that DOR population density declined gradually throughout the growing season, especially at over-wintering and pod-development stages. Nutrient deficiency decreased nutrient concentration in DOR plants, limited dry matter production and nutrient uptake, and thereby exacerbated density reduction during plants growth. The poor individual growth and reduced population density together decreased seed yield in the nutrient deficiency treatment. Averaged across all the experiments, seed yield reduced 61% by N deficiency, 38.3% by P deficiency, and 14.4% by K deficiency. The negative effects of nutrient deficiency on DOR performances followed the order of –N–P–K, and the effects were various among different nutrient deficiencies. Although N deficiency improved DOR emergence, but it seriously limited dry matter production and nutrient uptake, which in turn led to substantial plants death and therefore resulted in a very low harvested density. The P deficiency significantly reduced initial density, limited plants growth, and exacerbated density reduction. The K deficiency mainly decreased individual growth and yield, but did not affect density dynamic. Our results highlighted the importance of balanced NPK application in DOR production, suggesting that management strategy of these nutrients should be comprehensively considered with an aim to build an appropriate population structure with balanced plant density and individual growth.
