Gauss radial basis functions(GRBF)are frequently employed in data fitting and machine learning.Their linear independence property can theoretically guarantee the avoidance of data redundancy.In this paper,one of the m...Gauss radial basis functions(GRBF)are frequently employed in data fitting and machine learning.Their linear independence property can theoretically guarantee the avoidance of data redundancy.In this paper,one of the main contributions is proving this property using linear algebra instead of profound knowledge.This makes it easy to read and understand this fundamental fact.The proof of linear independence of a set of Gauss functions relies on the constructing method for one-dimensional space and on the deducing method for higher dimensions.Additionally,under the condition of preserving the same moments between the original function and interpolating function,both the interpolating existence and uniqueness are proven for GRBF in one-dimensional space.The final work demonstrates the application of the GRBF method to locate lunar olivine.By combining preprocessed data using GRBF with the removing envelope curve method,a program is created to find the position of lunar olivine based on spectrum data,and the numerical experiment shows that it is an effective scheme.展开更多
Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in s...Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in spinal cord injury.Previous studies have shown that microglia can promote neuronal survival by phagocytosing dead cells and debris and by releasing neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors.However,excessive activation of microglia can lead to persistent inflammation and contribute to the formation of glial scars,which hinder axonal regeneration.Despite this,the precise role and mechanisms of microglia during the acute phase of spinal cord injury remain controversial and poorly understood.To elucidate the role of microglia in spinal cord injury,we employed the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX5622 to deplete microglia.We observed that sustained depletion of microglia resulted in an expansion of the lesion area,downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor,and impaired functional recovery after spinal cord injury.Next,we generated a transgenic mouse line with conditional overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor specifically in microglia.We found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia increased angiogenesis and blood flow following spinal cord injury and facilitated the recovery of hindlimb motor function.Additionally,brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia reduced inflammation and neuronal apoptosis during the acute phase of spinal cord injury.Furthermore,through using specific transgenic mouse lines,TMEM119,and the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX73086,we demonstrated that the neuroprotective effects were predominantly due to brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia rather than macrophages.In conclusion,our findings suggest the critical role of microglia in the formation of protective glial scars.Depleting microglia is detrimental to recovery of spinal cord injury,whereas targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia represents a promising and novel therapeutic strategy to enhance motor function recovery in patients with spinal cord injury.展开更多
A symmetrical one-dimensional(1D)photonic crystal structure with a Dirac-emimetal-defected layer is proposed.The material properties of the Dirac semimetal are governed by three key parameters:Fermi level,Fermi veloci...A symmetrical one-dimensional(1D)photonic crystal structure with a Dirac-emimetal-defected layer is proposed.The material properties of the Dirac semimetal are governed by three key parameters:Fermi level,Fermi velocity,and degeneracy factor.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed structure generates multiple photonic bandgaps within the THz frequency range.In the low-THz region,pronounced resonant transmission peaks emerge,enabling near-perfect filtering performance.The positions of these defect modes can be dynamically tuned by adjusting the Fermi level and degeneracy factor.In mid-and high-THz frequency bands,the Dirac semimetal begins to exhibit metallic behavior,leading to attenuation of the transmission peaks and the appearance of absorption.The elevation of the Fermi level delays the critical threshold for the transition from the dielectric state to the metallic state,while an increase in Fermi velocity suppresses metallic behavior.Therefore,enhancing both the Fermi level and Fermi velocity contributes to strengthening the defect peak intensity.Conversely,increasing the degeneracy factor strengthens the metallic characteristics,thereby disrupting the high-frequency photonic bandgap.Notably,the defect layer thickness and incident angle exert significant influence on the transmission behavior:a larger incident angle causes the defect peak to shift toward higher frequencies and reduces its intensity,whereas a thicker defect layer shifts the defect peak toward lower frequencies.The modulation effects of both parameters become more pronounced as frequency increases.Compared with conventional photonic crystals,our work can provide a tunable structure over transmission properties,offering novel strategies for designing tunable filters and optical sensors.展开更多
In recent years,researchers have extensively investigated the Hankel determinant,which consists of coefficients appearing in a holomorphic function’s Taylor-Maclaurin series.Hankel matrices are widely used in Markov ...In recent years,researchers have extensively investigated the Hankel determinant,which consists of coefficients appearing in a holomorphic function’s Taylor-Maclaurin series.Hankel matrices are widely used in Markov processes,non-stationary signals,and other mathematical disciplines.The aim of the current research article is to first improve the bounds of coefficient-related problems by employing the well-known Carathéodory function.The problems that we are going to improve were obtained by Tang et al.The sharp estimates of the most difficult problem of geometric function theory known as the third-order Hankel determinant are also contributed here.Zalcman and Fekete-Szegöinequalities are also studied here for the defined family of holomorphic functions.展开更多
Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs),including irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),functional dyspepsia(FD),and gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),present persistent diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to s...Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs),including irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),functional dyspepsia(FD),and gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),present persistent diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to symptom heterogeneity and the absence of reliable biomarkers.Artificial intelligence(AI)enables the integration of multimodal data to enhance FGID management through precision diagnostics and preventive healthcare.This minireview summarizes recent advancements in AI applications for FGIDs,highlighting progress in diagnostic accuracy,subtype classification,personalized interventions,and preventive strategies inspired by the traditional Chinese medicine concept of“treating the undiseased”.Machine learning and deep learning algorithms have demonstrated value in improving IBS diagnosis,refining FD neuro-gastrointestinal subtyping,and screening for GERD-related complications.Moreover,AI supports dietary,psychological,and integrative medicine-based interventions to improve patient adherence and quality of life.Nonetheless,key challenges remain,including data heterogeneity,limited model interpretability,and the need for robust clinical validation.Future directions emphasize interdisciplinary collaboration,the development of multimodal and explainable AI models,and the creation of patientcentered platforms to facilitate a shift from reactive treatment to proactive prevention.This review provides a systematic framework to guide the clinical application and theoretical innovation of AI in FGIDs.展开更多
Aspergillus species are ubiquitous fungi that produce mycotoxins(secondary metabolites)known as sterigmatocystin and aflatoxins in many different kinds of foods,which leads to serious contamination in agricultural pro...Aspergillus species are ubiquitous fungi that produce mycotoxins(secondary metabolites)known as sterigmatocystin and aflatoxins in many different kinds of foods,which leads to serious contamination in agricultural products,thereby endangering human health.Extensive studies on Aspergillus fungi have been conducted on growth and development,aflatoxin biosynthesis,and their interactions with environment.Here,we summarized a series of functional genes of the main Aspergillus fungi relative to toxins occurrence in foods,which revealed the signal transduction mechanisms of their involvement in growth and development,toxin production,and response to light,anticipating providing theoretical guidance on developing control and prevention technologies for mycotoxin contamination in agricultural products to ensure food safety.展开更多
Given the broad applicability of carbazole structural moieties in materials science and medicinal chemistry,significant efforts have been devoted to developing efficient synthetic catalytic methodologies to access thi...Given the broad applicability of carbazole structural moieties in materials science and medicinal chemistry,significant efforts have been devoted to developing efficient synthetic catalytic methodologies to access this valuable scaffold.Catalyzed direct Csp^(2)-H functionalization provides an effective and costefficient approach to synthesizing carbazoles from simple and readily available starting materials,ensuring a promising path characterized by excellent atom and step economy.This review highlights the substantial progress made in the last 10 years in advancing catalytic Csp^(2)-H functionalization techniques for synthesizing carbazoles.展开更多
BACKGROUND An echocardiogram is an essential tool in the evaluation of potential kidney transplant recipients(KTRs).Despite cardiac clearance,potential KTRs still have structural and functional abnormalities.Identifyi...BACKGROUND An echocardiogram is an essential tool in the evaluation of potential kidney transplant recipients(KTRs).Despite cardiac clearance,potential KTRs still have structural and functional abnormalities.Identifying the prevalence of these abnormalities and understanding their predictors is vital for optimizing pretransplant risk stratification and improving post-transplant outcomes.AIM To determine the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH),left ventricular systolic dysfunction(LVSD),diastolic dysfunction(DD),pulmonary hypertension(PH),and their predictors,and to assess their impact on graft function in pre-transplant candidates.METHODS The study included all successful transplant candidates older than 14 who had a baseline echocardiogram.Binary logistic regression models were constructed to identify factors associated with LVH,LVSD,DD,and PH.RESULTS Out of 259 patients,LVH was present in 64%(166),12%(31)had LVSD,27.5%(71)had DD,and 66(25.5%)had PH.Independent predictors of LVH included male gender[odds ratio(OR):2.51;95%CI:1.17-5.41 P=0.02],PH(OR=2.07;95%CI:1.11-3.86;P=0.02),DD(OR:2.47;95%CI:1.29-4.73;P=0.006),and dyslipidemia(OR=1.94;95%CI:1.07-3.53;P=0.03).Predictors for LVSD included patients with DD(OR=3.3,95%CI:1.41-7.81;P=0.006)and a family history of coronary artery disease(OR=4.50,95%CI:1.33-15.20;P=0.015).Peritoneal dialysis was an independent predictor for DD(OR=10.03;95%CI:1.71-58.94,P=0.011).The presence of LVH(OR=3.32,95%CI:1.05-10.55,P=0.04)and mild to moderate or moderate to severe mitral regurgitation(OR=4.63,95%CI:1.45-14.78,P=0.01)were significant factors associated with PH.These abnormalities had no significant impact on estimated glomerular filtration at discharge,6 months,1 year,or 2 years post-transplant.CONCLUSION Significant echocardiographic abnormalities persist in a potential transplant candidate despite cardiac clearance,although they don’t affect future graft function.Understanding the risk factors associated with these abnormalities may help clinicians address these factors pre-and post-transplant to achieve better outcomes.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the efficacy and potential mechanism of the topical preparation Jineijin-Shanzha Patch(composed of Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum and Crataegi Fructus)in improving functional dyspepsia(FD...[Objectives]To investigate the efficacy and potential mechanism of the topical preparation Jineijin-Shanzha Patch(composed of Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum and Crataegi Fructus)in improving functional dyspepsia(FD)based on network pharmacology.[Methods]Firstly,we reviewed the existing research progress on each constituent drug of the Jineijin Shanzha Patch for FD improvement.Following this,identified overlapping genes were utilized to construct both a"Drug-Active Component-FD Target"network and a Protein-Protein Interaction(PPI)network specific to the patch.In addition,Gene Ontology(GO)analysis was carried out.[Results]We identified that the 13 herbs in the Jineijin Shanzha Patch are mainly used for food stagnation,qi stagnation,and spleen deficiency.Screening revealed 43 active patch components,1414 FD-related targets,and 284 shared targets between them.The PPI network analysis further identified the top 10 core targets from these shared targets.From the"Drug-Active Component-FD Target"network,we identified the core elements.These included the herbal components Vignae Semen(from Liushenqu),Crataegi Fructus,and Pseudostellariae Radix;the active components quercetin,genistein,and apigenin;and the key targets CASP3,BCL2,and CASP9.GO analysis of the 284 overlapping targets indicated that the Jineijin Shanzha Patch may exert its therapeutic effects via regulation of biological processes such as the response to lipopolysaccharide,response to bacterium-derived molecules,and regulation of the apoptotic signaling pathway.[Conclusions]The main active components of the Jineijin Shanzha Patch(quercetin,genistein,and apigenin)may improve FD by modulating signaling pathways such as the response to lipopolysaccharide,response to bacterium-derived molecules,and regulation of the apoptotic signaling pathway,thereby acting on key targets including CASP3,BCL2,and CASP9.展开更多
Ln@MOFs by anchoring rare metal ions(Ln) into metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) are proved to have great potential in the field of luminescent molecular thermometer.Nevertheless,the current research indicated that the po...Ln@MOFs by anchoring rare metal ions(Ln) into metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) are proved to have great potential in the field of luminescent molecular thermometer.Nevertheless,the current research indicated that the poor structural stability and low sensitivity hindered their application scope.In this work,a new MOF Zn-450 luminescent thermometer with multiple emission fluorescence characteristics was synthesized by the combination of 3,3,5,5-biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid(H_(4)L) and Zn^(2+) ion under solvothermal conditions.Interestingly,a high relative sensitivity of 1.43 % K^(-1) was found within 80-300 K based on Zn-450.Subsequently,two high-sensitivity luminescent Ln@MOFs(Ln = Eu and Tb) were further fabricated by doping rare earth ions into Zn-450 based on the post-synthesis strategy.Among them,the Eu@Zn-450 demonstrates various luminous behaviors while achieving an increased relative sensitivity of 1.63 % K^(-1).In addition,the continuously visible red,pink,and purple luminescent emissions at the same temperature range were observed,suggesting that the Eu@Zn-450 could be utilized as a luminescent colorimetric molecular thermometer.Importantly,this work can present new possibilities for the development of rare earth-doped luminescence and its temperature sensing properties.展开更多
BACKGROUND Suicide constitutes the second leading cause of death among adolescents globally and represents a critical public health concern.The neural mechanisms underlying suicidal behavior in adolescents with major ...BACKGROUND Suicide constitutes the second leading cause of death among adolescents globally and represents a critical public health concern.The neural mechanisms underlying suicidal behavior in adolescents with major depressive disorder(MDD)remain poorly understood.Aberrant resting-state functional connectivity(rsFC)in the amygdala,a key region implicated in emotional regulation and threat detection,is strongly implicated in depression and suicidal behavior.AIM To investigate rsFC alterations between amygdala subregions and whole-brain networks in adolescent patients with depression and suicide attempts.METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 32 adolescents with MDD and suicide attempts(sMDD)group,33 adolescents with MDD but without suicide attempts(nsMDD)group,and 34 demographically matched healthy control(HC)group,with the lateral and medial amygdala(MeA)defined as regions of interest.The rsFC patterns of amygdala subregions were compared across the three groups,and associations between aberrant rsFC values and clinical symptom severity scores were examined.RESULTS Compared with the nsMDD group,the sMDD group exhibited reduced rsFC between the right lateral amygdala(LA)and the right inferior occipital gyrus as well as the left middle occipital gyrus.Compared with the HC group,the abnormal brain regions of rsFC in the sMDD group and nsMDD group involve the parahippocampal gyrus(PHG)and fusiform gyrus.In the sMDD group,right MeA and right temporal pole:Superior temporal gyrus rsFC value negatively correlated with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale scores(r=-0.409,P=0.025),while left LA and right PHG rsFC value positively correlated with the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist interpersonal relationship scores(r=0.372,P=0.043).CONCLUSION Aberrant rsFC changes between amygdala subregions and these brain regions provide novel insights into the underlying neural mechanisms of suicide attempts in adolescents with MDD.展开更多
Functionally graded cellular structures(FGCSs)have a multitude of applications to a wide range of industries.Utilising the ever-progressing technology of additive manufacturing(AM),FGCSs can be applied to control mate...Functionally graded cellular structures(FGCSs)have a multitude of applications to a wide range of industries.Utilising the ever-progressing technology of additive manufacturing(AM),FGCSs can be applied to control material grading and achieve the desired mechanical properties.The current study explores the design and optimisation of FGCSs for AM,with a focus on improving the compression and impact performance of below knee(BK)prosthetic limbs made of thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU).A multiscale research methodology integrating topology optimization(TO),finite element analysis(FEA),and design of experiments(Do E)was adopted to optimise lattice structures in terms of stiffness and lightweight properties.Two-unit cell designs were considered in the study:Schwarz P gyroid and body-centered cubic(BCC).Response surface methodology(RSM)was implemented to analyse the effect of minimum and maximum cell wall thickness,cell size,and unit cell type on the mechanical performance of TPU FGCS structures.The results indicated that a Schwarz P FGCS structure with cell size,minimum and maximum cell wall thickness of 6,0.9 and 2.8 mm,respectively,could be optimal for a compromise between performance and weight.In this optimized case,stiffness and volume fraction values of 684 N/mm and 0.64 were obtained,respectively.The study also presents a proof-of-concept design for a BK prosthetic damper,highlighting the potential of FGCSs to enhance patient comfort,reduce manufacturing costs,and enable personalised designs through 3D scanning and AM.The obtained results could be a step forward towards the incorporation of AM technologies in prosthetics,offering a pathway to lightweight,cost-effective,and functionally tailored solutions.展开更多
This study investigates the properties of high-purity starches extracted from Polygonum multiflorum(PMS)and Smilax glabra(SGS).The starches were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Fouriertransform infrared ...This study investigates the properties of high-purity starches extracted from Polygonum multiflorum(PMS)and Smilax glabra(SGS).The starches were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,high-performance anion-exchange chromatography,and differential scanning calorimetry.Significant differences were observed in their morphological,physicochemical,and functional properties.PMS had a smaller particle size(13.68 μm),irregular polygonal shape,A-type,lower water absorption(62.67 %),and higher oil absorption(51.17 %).In contrast,SGS exhibited larger particles(31.75 μm),a nearly spherical shape,B-type,higher crystallinity(50.66 %),and greater amylose content(21.54 %),with superior thermal stability,shear resistance,and gelatinization enthalpy.SGS also contained higher resistant starch(83.28 %) and longer average chain length(20.58 %),but showed lower solubility,swelling power,light transmittance,and freeze-thaw stability.The physicochemical properties differences in crystal pattern and particle morphology between PMS and SGS lead to distinct behaviors during in vitro digestion and fermentation.These findings highlight the potential of medicinal plant starches in functional ingredients and industrial processes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Dry eye disease(DED)is a multifactorial ocular surface disorder with rising prevalence.It is closely related to systemic health and psychological factors,such as sleep and mood disorders,which significantly...BACKGROUND Dry eye disease(DED)is a multifactorial ocular surface disorder with rising prevalence.It is closely related to systemic health and psychological factors,such as sleep and mood disorders,which significantly impact the quality of life of patients.AIM To explore the correlations between ocular surface function,sleep quality,and anxiety/depression in patients with DED.METHODS This was a cross-sectional investigative study that included 358 patients with DED between January 2022 and January 2025.Ocular surface was assessed using the ocular surface disease index(OSDI),tear film break-up time,fluorescein staining score,and Schirmer I test.The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)were used to evaluate sleep quality and anxiety/depression levels.Correlation and linear regression analyses were used to explore the relationships.RESULTS The mean PSQI score of the patients was 9.94±2.18;the mean SAS score was 47.30±4.90,and the mean SDS score was 50.08±5.52.These suggested a prevalence of sleep and psychological abnormalities.There was a significant correlation between the indicators of ocular surface function(OSDI,tear film break-up time,fluorescein staining,and Schirmer I test)and PSQI,SAS,and SDS scores(P<0.05).Moreover,multiple regression revealed that age≥50 years(β=1.55,P=0.029),PSQI scores(β=0.58,P<0.001),SAS scores(β=0.17,P=0.017),and SDS scores(β=0.15,P=0.019)were independent predictors of the OSDI scores.CONCLUSION Ocular surface function in patients with DED is closely related to sleep quality and anxiety/depression,emphasizing the need for holistic clinical management.展开更多
Background Weaning-induced diarrhoea and growth retardation in piglets are associated with impaired intestinal barrier function and decreased levels of colonic short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).Although SCFA supplementat...Background Weaning-induced diarrhoea and growth retardation in piglets are associated with impaired intestinal barrier function and decreased levels of colonic short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).Although SCFA supplementation has been proposed to mitigate these issues,the efficacy and optimal dosage of sodium isobutyrate remain unclear.Results We investigated the effects of sodium isobutyrate supplementation(500,1,000,2,000,and 4,000 mg/kg diet)on weaned piglets(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire,28 d of age;n=8).After a 28-d feeding trial,supplementation at 500–2,000 mg/kg significantly improved average daily gain and feed efficiency and reduced diarrhoea frequency,with maximal benefits observed at 1,000 mg/kg(P<0.0001).Additionally,500–1,000 mg/kg sodium isobutyrate supplementation increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein,organic matter,and crude fibre(P<0.05).Serum biochemical parameters were unaffected,although secretory immunoglobulin A(SIgA)levels significantly increased upon supplementation with 500–1,000 mg/kg(P<0.05).16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that sodium isobutyrate increased the abundance of beneficial colonic microbiota.The 1,000 mg/kg group presented the most pronounced effect,with a significant increase of the relative abundance of Prevotella and the greatest improvement in SCFA concentrations(P<0.05).Metabolomics revealed elevated levels of colonic indole-3-lactic acid and 3-hydroxybutyrate upon supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg(P<0.05).Transcriptomic analyses indicated activation of protein digestion and absorption pathways,and PI3K-Akt signalling,marked by TSG-6 upregulation and the suppression of ISG15 and DDIT4 expression(P<0.05).Supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg was associated with improved intestinal barrier-related markers,including reduced serum D-lactate,diamine oxidase,and lipopolysaccharide levels,increased tight junction protein expression;activation of G protein-coupled receptors;and inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signalling(P<0.05),suggesting enhanced barrier function.Conclusions In conclusion,dietary supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg sodium isobutyrate was associated with improved intestinal morphology,reduced serum permeability,increased expression of tight junction proteins,and enhanced immune function in weaned piglets,suggesting enhanced colonic barrier function and providing dosage guidance and mechanistic insights for future applications.展开更多
This study focuses on permanent surface dislocations caused by a strike-slip fault in an alluvial valley.A twodimensional mathematical model is utilized,considering the valley to have a half-cylindrical shape.The vall...This study focuses on permanent surface dislocations caused by a strike-slip fault in an alluvial valley.A twodimensional mathematical model is utilized,considering the valley to have a half-cylindrical shape.The valley medium is assumed to be isotropic,linear elastic and nonhomogeneous,such that the shear modulus of the valley has spatial dependency.The valley is surrounded by an isotropic,linear elastic and homogeneous half-space.A strike-slip fault is located at the intersection between the valley and the half-space.The problem is solved analytically by using finite Fourier transform.Displacement functions are obtained in closed-form,in terms of power series and hypergeometric function series.Unknown coefficients of these series are determined from the boundary conditions,leading to an analytical exact solution.Numerical results indicate that the nonhomogeneity of the alluvial valley material has a limited impact on permanent surface dislocations unless there is a significant variation in the material properties within the functionally graded zone.In many cases,approximating the nonhomogeneous alluvial valley as a homogeneous medium is suitable.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the clinical efficacy of core stability training combined with conventional rehabilitation in the functional recovery of patients suffering from chronic low back pain.[Methods]A randomized c...[Objectives]To investigate the clinical efficacy of core stability training combined with conventional rehabilitation in the functional recovery of patients suffering from chronic low back pain.[Methods]A randomized controlled trial design was employed in this study.Ninety patients with chronic low back pain were recruited and randomly assigned to either a control group(n=45),which received conventional rehabilitation,or an experimental group(n=45),which received conventional rehabilitation combined with core stability training.Both groups underwent treatment for 6 weeks.Assessments were conducted using the visual analogue scale(VAS),Oswestry disability index(ODI),and finger-to-floor test prior to treatment,6 weeks following treatment,and during the follow-up period,respectively.[Results]Prior to treatment,no statistically significant differences were observed between the two patient groups in terms of general information and various baseline measurements(P>0.05).Following 6 weeks of treatment and throughout the follow-up period,both groups demonstrated significant improvements in VAS scores,ODI scores,and lumbar anteflexion range of motion compared to baseline measurements(P<0.05).Notably,the magnitude of improvement in the experimental group exceeded that of the control group,with this inter-group difference reaching statistical significance(P<0.05).No serious adverse reactions were reported during the treatment process.[Conclusions]Core stability training combined with conventional rehabilitation can significantly enhance the alleviation of pain and functional impairments in patients suffering from chronic low back pain.This approach holds valuable implications for the optimization of rehabilitation treatment protocols.展开更多
Flash Joule heating(FJH),as a high-efficiency and low-energy consumption technology for advanced materials synthesis,has shown significant potential in the synthesis of graphene and other functional carbon materials.B...Flash Joule heating(FJH),as a high-efficiency and low-energy consumption technology for advanced materials synthesis,has shown significant potential in the synthesis of graphene and other functional carbon materials.Based on the Joule effect,the solid carbon sources can be rapidly heated to ultra-high temperatures(>3000 K)through instantaneous high-energy current pulses during FJH,thus driving the rapid rearrangement and graphitization of carbon atoms.This technology demonstrates numerous advantages,such as solvent-and catalyst-free features,high energy conversion efficiency,and a short process cycle.In this review,we have systematically summarized the technology principle and equipment design for FJH,as well as its raw materials selection and pretreatment strategies.The research progress in the FJH synthesis of flash graphene,carbon nanotubes,graphene fibers,and anode hard carbon,as well as its by-products,is also presented.FJH can precisely optimize the microstructures of carbon materials(e.g.,interlayer spacing of turbostratic graphene,defect concentration,and heteroatom doping)by regulating its operation parameters like flash voltage and flash time,thereby enhancing their performances in various applications,such as composite reinforcement,metal-ion battery electrodes,supercapacitors,and electrocatalysts.However,this technology is still challenged by low process yield,macroscopic material uniformity,and green power supply system construction.More research efforts are also required to promote the transition of FJH from laboratory to industrial-scale applications,thus providing innovative solutions for advanced carbon materials manufacturing and waste management toward carbon neutrality.展开更多
Superconducting elect rides have attracted growing attention for their potential to achieve high superconducting transition temperatures(T_(C))under pressure.However,many known elect rides are chemically reactive and ...Superconducting elect rides have attracted growing attention for their potential to achieve high superconducting transition temperatures(T_(C))under pressure.However,many known elect rides are chemically reactive and unstable,making high-quality single-crystal growth,characterization,and measurements difficult,and most do not exhibit superconductivity at ambient pressure.In contrast,La_(3) In stands out for its ambient-pressure superconductivity(T_(C)∼9.4 K)and the availability of high-quality single crystals.Here,we investigate its low-energy electronic structure using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and first-principles calculations.The bands near the Fermi energy(E_(F))are mainly derived from La 5d and In 5p orbitals.A saddle point is directly observed at the Brillouin zone(BZ)boundary,while a three-dimensional Van Hove singularity crosses E_(F) at the BZ corner.First-principles calculations further reveal topological Dirac surface states within the bulk energy gap above E_(F).The coexistence of a high density of states and in-gap topological surface states near𝐸F suggests that La3In offers a promising platform for tuning superconductivity and exploring possible topological superconducting phases through doping or external pressure.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the clinical effects of implementing structured phased rehabilitation training,in addition to conventional rehabilitation,on shoulder joint function and pain alleviation in patients with rot...[Objectives]To investigate the clinical effects of implementing structured phased rehabilitation training,in addition to conventional rehabilitation,on shoulder joint function and pain alleviation in patients with rotator cuff injuries managed conservatively.[Methods]Eighty patients diagnosed with rotator cuff injury were selected and randomly assigned to either the control group or the experimental group,each comprising 40 individuals.The control group received conventional rehabilitation treatment,whereas the experimental group underwent phased rehabilitation training in addition to the conventional treatment for 6 weeks.Assessments were conducted prior to treatment,6 weeks following treatment,and 8 weeks after the completion of treatment(follow-up period).The visual analogue scale(VAS)was employed to evaluate pain intensity,the Constant-Murley score was utilized to assess shoulder joint function,and the shoulder joint range of motion was measured.[Results]Prior to treatment,no statistically significant differences were observed between the two patient groups across all measured indicators(P>0.05).Following 6 weeks of treatment and throughout the follow-up period,both groups exhibited significant reductions in VAS scores compared to baseline measurements,alongside improvements in Constant-Murley scores and shoulder joint range of motion(P<0.05).Furthermore,the magnitude of improvement in the experimental group was significantly greater than that in the control group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Phased rehabilitation training can enhance shoulder joint function and alleviate pain in patients with rotator cuff injuries beyond the effects of conventional rehabilitation treatment,demonstrating notable clinical application value.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2012CB025904)Zhengzhou Shengda University of Economics,Business and Management(SD-YB2025085)。
文摘Gauss radial basis functions(GRBF)are frequently employed in data fitting and machine learning.Their linear independence property can theoretically guarantee the avoidance of data redundancy.In this paper,one of the main contributions is proving this property using linear algebra instead of profound knowledge.This makes it easy to read and understand this fundamental fact.The proof of linear independence of a set of Gauss functions relies on the constructing method for one-dimensional space and on the deducing method for higher dimensions.Additionally,under the condition of preserving the same moments between the original function and interpolating function,both the interpolating existence and uniqueness are proven for GRBF in one-dimensional space.The final work demonstrates the application of the GRBF method to locate lunar olivine.By combining preprocessed data using GRBF with the removing envelope curve method,a program is created to find the position of lunar olivine based on spectrum data,and the numerical experiment shows that it is an effective scheme.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82072165 and 82272256(both to XM)the Key Project of Xiangyang Central Hospital,No.2023YZ03(to RM)。
文摘Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in spinal cord injury.Previous studies have shown that microglia can promote neuronal survival by phagocytosing dead cells and debris and by releasing neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors.However,excessive activation of microglia can lead to persistent inflammation and contribute to the formation of glial scars,which hinder axonal regeneration.Despite this,the precise role and mechanisms of microglia during the acute phase of spinal cord injury remain controversial and poorly understood.To elucidate the role of microglia in spinal cord injury,we employed the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX5622 to deplete microglia.We observed that sustained depletion of microglia resulted in an expansion of the lesion area,downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor,and impaired functional recovery after spinal cord injury.Next,we generated a transgenic mouse line with conditional overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor specifically in microglia.We found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia increased angiogenesis and blood flow following spinal cord injury and facilitated the recovery of hindlimb motor function.Additionally,brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia reduced inflammation and neuronal apoptosis during the acute phase of spinal cord injury.Furthermore,through using specific transgenic mouse lines,TMEM119,and the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX73086,we demonstrated that the neuroprotective effects were predominantly due to brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia rather than macrophages.In conclusion,our findings suggest the critical role of microglia in the formation of protective glial scars.Depleting microglia is detrimental to recovery of spinal cord injury,whereas targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia represents a promising and novel therapeutic strategy to enhance motor function recovery in patients with spinal cord injury.
文摘A symmetrical one-dimensional(1D)photonic crystal structure with a Dirac-emimetal-defected layer is proposed.The material properties of the Dirac semimetal are governed by three key parameters:Fermi level,Fermi velocity,and degeneracy factor.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed structure generates multiple photonic bandgaps within the THz frequency range.In the low-THz region,pronounced resonant transmission peaks emerge,enabling near-perfect filtering performance.The positions of these defect modes can be dynamically tuned by adjusting the Fermi level and degeneracy factor.In mid-and high-THz frequency bands,the Dirac semimetal begins to exhibit metallic behavior,leading to attenuation of the transmission peaks and the appearance of absorption.The elevation of the Fermi level delays the critical threshold for the transition from the dielectric state to the metallic state,while an increase in Fermi velocity suppresses metallic behavior.Therefore,enhancing both the Fermi level and Fermi velocity contributes to strengthening the defect peak intensity.Conversely,increasing the degeneracy factor strengthens the metallic characteristics,thereby disrupting the high-frequency photonic bandgap.Notably,the defect layer thickness and incident angle exert significant influence on the transmission behavior:a larger incident angle causes the defect peak to shift toward higher frequencies and reduces its intensity,whereas a thicker defect layer shifts the defect peak toward lower frequencies.The modulation effects of both parameters become more pronounced as frequency increases.Compared with conventional photonic crystals,our work can provide a tunable structure over transmission properties,offering novel strategies for designing tunable filters and optical sensors.
基金supported by the NSFC(11561001)the Program for Young Talents of Science and Technology in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(NJYT18-A14)+4 种基金the NSF of Inner Mongolia(2022MS01004,2020MS01011)the Higher School Foundation of Inner Mongolia(NJZY20200)the Program for Key Laboratory Construction of Chifeng University(CFXYZD202004)the Research and Innovation Team of Complex Analysis and Nonlinear Dynamic Systems of Chifeng University(cfxykycxtd202005)the Youth Science Foundation of Chifeng University(cfxyqn202133).
文摘In recent years,researchers have extensively investigated the Hankel determinant,which consists of coefficients appearing in a holomorphic function’s Taylor-Maclaurin series.Hankel matrices are widely used in Markov processes,non-stationary signals,and other mathematical disciplines.The aim of the current research article is to first improve the bounds of coefficient-related problems by employing the well-known Carathéodory function.The problems that we are going to improve were obtained by Tang et al.The sharp estimates of the most difficult problem of geometric function theory known as the third-order Hankel determinant are also contributed here.Zalcman and Fekete-Szegöinequalities are also studied here for the defined family of holomorphic functions.
基金Supported by The Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82374292the Plans for Major Provincial Science and Technology Projects of Anhui Province,No.202303a07020003the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.ZYYCXTD-C-202401.
文摘Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs),including irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),functional dyspepsia(FD),and gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),present persistent diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to symptom heterogeneity and the absence of reliable biomarkers.Artificial intelligence(AI)enables the integration of multimodal data to enhance FGID management through precision diagnostics and preventive healthcare.This minireview summarizes recent advancements in AI applications for FGIDs,highlighting progress in diagnostic accuracy,subtype classification,personalized interventions,and preventive strategies inspired by the traditional Chinese medicine concept of“treating the undiseased”.Machine learning and deep learning algorithms have demonstrated value in improving IBS diagnosis,refining FD neuro-gastrointestinal subtyping,and screening for GERD-related complications.Moreover,AI supports dietary,psychological,and integrative medicine-based interventions to improve patient adherence and quality of life.Nonetheless,key challenges remain,including data heterogeneity,limited model interpretability,and the need for robust clinical validation.Future directions emphasize interdisciplinary collaboration,the development of multimodal and explainable AI models,and the creation of patientcentered platforms to facilitate a shift from reactive treatment to proactive prevention.This review provides a systematic framework to guide the clinical application and theoretical innovation of AI in FGIDs.
基金supported by the key project of National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(U22A20551,32030085)the Major Project of Hubei Hongshan Laboratory,China(2021hszd015)+2 种基金the Hubei Province Major Science and Technology Special Project,China(2023BBA002)the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(U22A20551)the National Natural Science Foundation of China Excellent Youth Fund(32422072)。
文摘Aspergillus species are ubiquitous fungi that produce mycotoxins(secondary metabolites)known as sterigmatocystin and aflatoxins in many different kinds of foods,which leads to serious contamination in agricultural products,thereby endangering human health.Extensive studies on Aspergillus fungi have been conducted on growth and development,aflatoxin biosynthesis,and their interactions with environment.Here,we summarized a series of functional genes of the main Aspergillus fungi relative to toxins occurrence in foods,which revealed the signal transduction mechanisms of their involvement in growth and development,toxin production,and response to light,anticipating providing theoretical guidance on developing control and prevention technologies for mycotoxin contamination in agricultural products to ensure food safety.
基金support and funding by the European Union-Next Generation EU under the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR) National Innovation Ecosystem (No.ECS00000041-VITALITY and also “Ecosistema TECH4YOU-(Spoke 3-Goal 3.5)MUR is thanked for PRIN-PNRR 2022 project "P2022XKWH7-Circular Waste+3 种基金The University of Perugia is acknowledged for financial support to the university project “Fondo Ricerca di Ateneo,edizione 2022”The National Ph D program in Catalysis coordinated by the University of Perugia is also thankedthe financial supports of key research and development and technology transfer projects of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (No.2025KJHZ0008)major special projects of science and technology of Ordos (No.2022EEDSKJZDZX003)。
文摘Given the broad applicability of carbazole structural moieties in materials science and medicinal chemistry,significant efforts have been devoted to developing efficient synthetic catalytic methodologies to access this valuable scaffold.Catalyzed direct Csp^(2)-H functionalization provides an effective and costefficient approach to synthesizing carbazoles from simple and readily available starting materials,ensuring a promising path characterized by excellent atom and step economy.This review highlights the substantial progress made in the last 10 years in advancing catalytic Csp^(2)-H functionalization techniques for synthesizing carbazoles.
文摘BACKGROUND An echocardiogram is an essential tool in the evaluation of potential kidney transplant recipients(KTRs).Despite cardiac clearance,potential KTRs still have structural and functional abnormalities.Identifying the prevalence of these abnormalities and understanding their predictors is vital for optimizing pretransplant risk stratification and improving post-transplant outcomes.AIM To determine the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH),left ventricular systolic dysfunction(LVSD),diastolic dysfunction(DD),pulmonary hypertension(PH),and their predictors,and to assess their impact on graft function in pre-transplant candidates.METHODS The study included all successful transplant candidates older than 14 who had a baseline echocardiogram.Binary logistic regression models were constructed to identify factors associated with LVH,LVSD,DD,and PH.RESULTS Out of 259 patients,LVH was present in 64%(166),12%(31)had LVSD,27.5%(71)had DD,and 66(25.5%)had PH.Independent predictors of LVH included male gender[odds ratio(OR):2.51;95%CI:1.17-5.41 P=0.02],PH(OR=2.07;95%CI:1.11-3.86;P=0.02),DD(OR:2.47;95%CI:1.29-4.73;P=0.006),and dyslipidemia(OR=1.94;95%CI:1.07-3.53;P=0.03).Predictors for LVSD included patients with DD(OR=3.3,95%CI:1.41-7.81;P=0.006)and a family history of coronary artery disease(OR=4.50,95%CI:1.33-15.20;P=0.015).Peritoneal dialysis was an independent predictor for DD(OR=10.03;95%CI:1.71-58.94,P=0.011).The presence of LVH(OR=3.32,95%CI:1.05-10.55,P=0.04)and mild to moderate or moderate to severe mitral regurgitation(OR=4.63,95%CI:1.45-14.78,P=0.01)were significant factors associated with PH.These abnormalities had no significant impact on estimated glomerular filtration at discharge,6 months,1 year,or 2 years post-transplant.CONCLUSION Significant echocardiographic abnormalities persist in a potential transplant candidate despite cardiac clearance,although they don’t affect future graft function.Understanding the risk factors associated with these abnormalities may help clinicians address these factors pre-and post-transplant to achieve better outcomes.
基金Supported by Putuo District Science and Technology R&D Platform Project,Shanghai(2024QX04).
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the efficacy and potential mechanism of the topical preparation Jineijin-Shanzha Patch(composed of Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum and Crataegi Fructus)in improving functional dyspepsia(FD)based on network pharmacology.[Methods]Firstly,we reviewed the existing research progress on each constituent drug of the Jineijin Shanzha Patch for FD improvement.Following this,identified overlapping genes were utilized to construct both a"Drug-Active Component-FD Target"network and a Protein-Protein Interaction(PPI)network specific to the patch.In addition,Gene Ontology(GO)analysis was carried out.[Results]We identified that the 13 herbs in the Jineijin Shanzha Patch are mainly used for food stagnation,qi stagnation,and spleen deficiency.Screening revealed 43 active patch components,1414 FD-related targets,and 284 shared targets between them.The PPI network analysis further identified the top 10 core targets from these shared targets.From the"Drug-Active Component-FD Target"network,we identified the core elements.These included the herbal components Vignae Semen(from Liushenqu),Crataegi Fructus,and Pseudostellariae Radix;the active components quercetin,genistein,and apigenin;and the key targets CASP3,BCL2,and CASP9.GO analysis of the 284 overlapping targets indicated that the Jineijin Shanzha Patch may exert its therapeutic effects via regulation of biological processes such as the response to lipopolysaccharide,response to bacterium-derived molecules,and regulation of the apoptotic signaling pathway.[Conclusions]The main active components of the Jineijin Shanzha Patch(quercetin,genistein,and apigenin)may improve FD by modulating signaling pathways such as the response to lipopolysaccharide,response to bacterium-derived molecules,and regulation of the apoptotic signaling pathway,thereby acting on key targets including CASP3,BCL2,and CASP9.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21801111)the Training Plan for Young Core Teachers in Higher Education of Henan Province (No.2021GGJS131)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (No.232300421232)the Heluo Young Talent Lifting Project (No.2023HLTJ02)。
文摘Ln@MOFs by anchoring rare metal ions(Ln) into metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) are proved to have great potential in the field of luminescent molecular thermometer.Nevertheless,the current research indicated that the poor structural stability and low sensitivity hindered their application scope.In this work,a new MOF Zn-450 luminescent thermometer with multiple emission fluorescence characteristics was synthesized by the combination of 3,3,5,5-biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid(H_(4)L) and Zn^(2+) ion under solvothermal conditions.Interestingly,a high relative sensitivity of 1.43 % K^(-1) was found within 80-300 K based on Zn-450.Subsequently,two high-sensitivity luminescent Ln@MOFs(Ln = Eu and Tb) were further fabricated by doping rare earth ions into Zn-450 based on the post-synthesis strategy.Among them,the Eu@Zn-450 demonstrates various luminous behaviors while achieving an increased relative sensitivity of 1.63 % K^(-1).In addition,the continuously visible red,pink,and purple luminescent emissions at the same temperature range were observed,suggesting that the Eu@Zn-450 could be utilized as a luminescent colorimetric molecular thermometer.Importantly,this work can present new possibilities for the development of rare earth-doped luminescence and its temperature sensing properties.
基金Supported by Suzhou Clinical Medical Center for Mood Disorders,No.Szlcyxzx202109Suzhou Key Laboratory,No.SZS2024016Multicenter Clinical Research on Major Diseases in Suzhou,No.DZXYJ202413.
文摘BACKGROUND Suicide constitutes the second leading cause of death among adolescents globally and represents a critical public health concern.The neural mechanisms underlying suicidal behavior in adolescents with major depressive disorder(MDD)remain poorly understood.Aberrant resting-state functional connectivity(rsFC)in the amygdala,a key region implicated in emotional regulation and threat detection,is strongly implicated in depression and suicidal behavior.AIM To investigate rsFC alterations between amygdala subregions and whole-brain networks in adolescent patients with depression and suicide attempts.METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 32 adolescents with MDD and suicide attempts(sMDD)group,33 adolescents with MDD but without suicide attempts(nsMDD)group,and 34 demographically matched healthy control(HC)group,with the lateral and medial amygdala(MeA)defined as regions of interest.The rsFC patterns of amygdala subregions were compared across the three groups,and associations between aberrant rsFC values and clinical symptom severity scores were examined.RESULTS Compared with the nsMDD group,the sMDD group exhibited reduced rsFC between the right lateral amygdala(LA)and the right inferior occipital gyrus as well as the left middle occipital gyrus.Compared with the HC group,the abnormal brain regions of rsFC in the sMDD group and nsMDD group involve the parahippocampal gyrus(PHG)and fusiform gyrus.In the sMDD group,right MeA and right temporal pole:Superior temporal gyrus rsFC value negatively correlated with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale scores(r=-0.409,P=0.025),while left LA and right PHG rsFC value positively correlated with the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist interpersonal relationship scores(r=0.372,P=0.043).CONCLUSION Aberrant rsFC changes between amygdala subregions and these brain regions provide novel insights into the underlying neural mechanisms of suicide attempts in adolescents with MDD.
基金financially supported and funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)(No.IMSIU-DDRSP2503)。
文摘Functionally graded cellular structures(FGCSs)have a multitude of applications to a wide range of industries.Utilising the ever-progressing technology of additive manufacturing(AM),FGCSs can be applied to control material grading and achieve the desired mechanical properties.The current study explores the design and optimisation of FGCSs for AM,with a focus on improving the compression and impact performance of below knee(BK)prosthetic limbs made of thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU).A multiscale research methodology integrating topology optimization(TO),finite element analysis(FEA),and design of experiments(Do E)was adopted to optimise lattice structures in terms of stiffness and lightweight properties.Two-unit cell designs were considered in the study:Schwarz P gyroid and body-centered cubic(BCC).Response surface methodology(RSM)was implemented to analyse the effect of minimum and maximum cell wall thickness,cell size,and unit cell type on the mechanical performance of TPU FGCS structures.The results indicated that a Schwarz P FGCS structure with cell size,minimum and maximum cell wall thickness of 6,0.9 and 2.8 mm,respectively,could be optimal for a compromise between performance and weight.In this optimized case,stiffness and volume fraction values of 684 N/mm and 0.64 were obtained,respectively.The study also presents a proof-of-concept design for a BK prosthetic damper,highlighting the potential of FGCSs to enhance patient comfort,reduce manufacturing costs,and enable personalised designs through 3D scanning and AM.The obtained results could be a step forward towards the incorporation of AM technologies in prosthetics,offering a pathway to lightweight,cost-effective,and functionally tailored solutions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82174074)。
文摘This study investigates the properties of high-purity starches extracted from Polygonum multiflorum(PMS)and Smilax glabra(SGS).The starches were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,high-performance anion-exchange chromatography,and differential scanning calorimetry.Significant differences were observed in their morphological,physicochemical,and functional properties.PMS had a smaller particle size(13.68 μm),irregular polygonal shape,A-type,lower water absorption(62.67 %),and higher oil absorption(51.17 %).In contrast,SGS exhibited larger particles(31.75 μm),a nearly spherical shape,B-type,higher crystallinity(50.66 %),and greater amylose content(21.54 %),with superior thermal stability,shear resistance,and gelatinization enthalpy.SGS also contained higher resistant starch(83.28 %) and longer average chain length(20.58 %),but showed lower solubility,swelling power,light transmittance,and freeze-thaw stability.The physicochemical properties differences in crystal pattern and particle morphology between PMS and SGS lead to distinct behaviors during in vitro digestion and fermentation.These findings highlight the potential of medicinal plant starches in functional ingredients and industrial processes.
文摘BACKGROUND Dry eye disease(DED)is a multifactorial ocular surface disorder with rising prevalence.It is closely related to systemic health and psychological factors,such as sleep and mood disorders,which significantly impact the quality of life of patients.AIM To explore the correlations between ocular surface function,sleep quality,and anxiety/depression in patients with DED.METHODS This was a cross-sectional investigative study that included 358 patients with DED between January 2022 and January 2025.Ocular surface was assessed using the ocular surface disease index(OSDI),tear film break-up time,fluorescein staining score,and Schirmer I test.The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)were used to evaluate sleep quality and anxiety/depression levels.Correlation and linear regression analyses were used to explore the relationships.RESULTS The mean PSQI score of the patients was 9.94±2.18;the mean SAS score was 47.30±4.90,and the mean SDS score was 50.08±5.52.These suggested a prevalence of sleep and psychological abnormalities.There was a significant correlation between the indicators of ocular surface function(OSDI,tear film break-up time,fluorescein staining,and Schirmer I test)and PSQI,SAS,and SDS scores(P<0.05).Moreover,multiple regression revealed that age≥50 years(β=1.55,P=0.029),PSQI scores(β=0.58,P<0.001),SAS scores(β=0.17,P=0.017),and SDS scores(β=0.15,P=0.019)were independent predictors of the OSDI scores.CONCLUSION Ocular surface function in patients with DED is closely related to sleep quality and anxiety/depression,emphasizing the need for holistic clinical management.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(32302759,32372924)the CAST Youth Talent Support Project-Special Program for Doctoral Students(156-O-230-0000375-5)。
文摘Background Weaning-induced diarrhoea and growth retardation in piglets are associated with impaired intestinal barrier function and decreased levels of colonic short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).Although SCFA supplementation has been proposed to mitigate these issues,the efficacy and optimal dosage of sodium isobutyrate remain unclear.Results We investigated the effects of sodium isobutyrate supplementation(500,1,000,2,000,and 4,000 mg/kg diet)on weaned piglets(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire,28 d of age;n=8).After a 28-d feeding trial,supplementation at 500–2,000 mg/kg significantly improved average daily gain and feed efficiency and reduced diarrhoea frequency,with maximal benefits observed at 1,000 mg/kg(P<0.0001).Additionally,500–1,000 mg/kg sodium isobutyrate supplementation increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein,organic matter,and crude fibre(P<0.05).Serum biochemical parameters were unaffected,although secretory immunoglobulin A(SIgA)levels significantly increased upon supplementation with 500–1,000 mg/kg(P<0.05).16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that sodium isobutyrate increased the abundance of beneficial colonic microbiota.The 1,000 mg/kg group presented the most pronounced effect,with a significant increase of the relative abundance of Prevotella and the greatest improvement in SCFA concentrations(P<0.05).Metabolomics revealed elevated levels of colonic indole-3-lactic acid and 3-hydroxybutyrate upon supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg(P<0.05).Transcriptomic analyses indicated activation of protein digestion and absorption pathways,and PI3K-Akt signalling,marked by TSG-6 upregulation and the suppression of ISG15 and DDIT4 expression(P<0.05).Supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg was associated with improved intestinal barrier-related markers,including reduced serum D-lactate,diamine oxidase,and lipopolysaccharide levels,increased tight junction protein expression;activation of G protein-coupled receptors;and inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signalling(P<0.05),suggesting enhanced barrier function.Conclusions In conclusion,dietary supplementation with 1,000 mg/kg sodium isobutyrate was associated with improved intestinal morphology,reduced serum permeability,increased expression of tight junction proteins,and enhanced immune function in weaned piglets,suggesting enhanced colonic barrier function and providing dosage guidance and mechanistic insights for future applications.
文摘This study focuses on permanent surface dislocations caused by a strike-slip fault in an alluvial valley.A twodimensional mathematical model is utilized,considering the valley to have a half-cylindrical shape.The valley medium is assumed to be isotropic,linear elastic and nonhomogeneous,such that the shear modulus of the valley has spatial dependency.The valley is surrounded by an isotropic,linear elastic and homogeneous half-space.A strike-slip fault is located at the intersection between the valley and the half-space.The problem is solved analytically by using finite Fourier transform.Displacement functions are obtained in closed-form,in terms of power series and hypergeometric function series.Unknown coefficients of these series are determined from the boundary conditions,leading to an analytical exact solution.Numerical results indicate that the nonhomogeneity of the alluvial valley material has a limited impact on permanent surface dislocations unless there is a significant variation in the material properties within the functionally graded zone.In many cases,approximating the nonhomogeneous alluvial valley as a homogeneous medium is suitable.
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the clinical efficacy of core stability training combined with conventional rehabilitation in the functional recovery of patients suffering from chronic low back pain.[Methods]A randomized controlled trial design was employed in this study.Ninety patients with chronic low back pain were recruited and randomly assigned to either a control group(n=45),which received conventional rehabilitation,or an experimental group(n=45),which received conventional rehabilitation combined with core stability training.Both groups underwent treatment for 6 weeks.Assessments were conducted using the visual analogue scale(VAS),Oswestry disability index(ODI),and finger-to-floor test prior to treatment,6 weeks following treatment,and during the follow-up period,respectively.[Results]Prior to treatment,no statistically significant differences were observed between the two patient groups in terms of general information and various baseline measurements(P>0.05).Following 6 weeks of treatment and throughout the follow-up period,both groups demonstrated significant improvements in VAS scores,ODI scores,and lumbar anteflexion range of motion compared to baseline measurements(P<0.05).Notably,the magnitude of improvement in the experimental group exceeded that of the control group,with this inter-group difference reaching statistical significance(P<0.05).No serious adverse reactions were reported during the treatment process.[Conclusions]Core stability training combined with conventional rehabilitation can significantly enhance the alleviation of pain and functional impairments in patients suffering from chronic low back pain.This approach holds valuable implications for the optimization of rehabilitation treatment protocols.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52276196)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion(FSKLCCA2508)the High-level Talent Foundation of Anhui Agricultural University(rc412307).
文摘Flash Joule heating(FJH),as a high-efficiency and low-energy consumption technology for advanced materials synthesis,has shown significant potential in the synthesis of graphene and other functional carbon materials.Based on the Joule effect,the solid carbon sources can be rapidly heated to ultra-high temperatures(>3000 K)through instantaneous high-energy current pulses during FJH,thus driving the rapid rearrangement and graphitization of carbon atoms.This technology demonstrates numerous advantages,such as solvent-and catalyst-free features,high energy conversion efficiency,and a short process cycle.In this review,we have systematically summarized the technology principle and equipment design for FJH,as well as its raw materials selection and pretreatment strategies.The research progress in the FJH synthesis of flash graphene,carbon nanotubes,graphene fibers,and anode hard carbon,as well as its by-products,is also presented.FJH can precisely optimize the microstructures of carbon materials(e.g.,interlayer spacing of turbostratic graphene,defect concentration,and heteroatom doping)by regulating its operation parameters like flash voltage and flash time,thereby enhancing their performances in various applications,such as composite reinforcement,metal-ion battery electrodes,supercapacitors,and electrocatalysts.However,this technology is still challenged by low process yield,macroscopic material uniformity,and green power supply system construction.More research efforts are also required to promote the transition of FJH from laboratory to industrial-scale applications,thus providing innovative solutions for advanced carbon materials manufacturing and waste management toward carbon neutrality.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12222413,12174443,12274459,and 12404266)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2023YFA1406500,2022YFA1403800,and 2022YFA1403103)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (Grant No.23ZR1482200)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo (Grant No.2024J019)the Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department (Grant No.BJ2025060)the funding of Ningbo Yongjiang Talent Program。
文摘Superconducting elect rides have attracted growing attention for their potential to achieve high superconducting transition temperatures(T_(C))under pressure.However,many known elect rides are chemically reactive and unstable,making high-quality single-crystal growth,characterization,and measurements difficult,and most do not exhibit superconductivity at ambient pressure.In contrast,La_(3) In stands out for its ambient-pressure superconductivity(T_(C)∼9.4 K)and the availability of high-quality single crystals.Here,we investigate its low-energy electronic structure using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and first-principles calculations.The bands near the Fermi energy(E_(F))are mainly derived from La 5d and In 5p orbitals.A saddle point is directly observed at the Brillouin zone(BZ)boundary,while a three-dimensional Van Hove singularity crosses E_(F) at the BZ corner.First-principles calculations further reveal topological Dirac surface states within the bulk energy gap above E_(F).The coexistence of a high density of states and in-gap topological surface states near𝐸F suggests that La3In offers a promising platform for tuning superconductivity and exploring possible topological superconducting phases through doping or external pressure.
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the clinical effects of implementing structured phased rehabilitation training,in addition to conventional rehabilitation,on shoulder joint function and pain alleviation in patients with rotator cuff injuries managed conservatively.[Methods]Eighty patients diagnosed with rotator cuff injury were selected and randomly assigned to either the control group or the experimental group,each comprising 40 individuals.The control group received conventional rehabilitation treatment,whereas the experimental group underwent phased rehabilitation training in addition to the conventional treatment for 6 weeks.Assessments were conducted prior to treatment,6 weeks following treatment,and 8 weeks after the completion of treatment(follow-up period).The visual analogue scale(VAS)was employed to evaluate pain intensity,the Constant-Murley score was utilized to assess shoulder joint function,and the shoulder joint range of motion was measured.[Results]Prior to treatment,no statistically significant differences were observed between the two patient groups across all measured indicators(P>0.05).Following 6 weeks of treatment and throughout the follow-up period,both groups exhibited significant reductions in VAS scores compared to baseline measurements,alongside improvements in Constant-Murley scores and shoulder joint range of motion(P<0.05).Furthermore,the magnitude of improvement in the experimental group was significantly greater than that in the control group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Phased rehabilitation training can enhance shoulder joint function and alleviate pain in patients with rotator cuff injuries beyond the effects of conventional rehabilitation treatment,demonstrating notable clinical application value.
