<strong>Background:</strong> Malnutrition due to poor feeding habits, is still a serious public health issue in Cameroon. The objective of this study was to assess the dietary patterns and nutritional stat...<strong>Background:</strong> Malnutrition due to poor feeding habits, is still a serious public health issue in Cameroon. The objective of this study was to assess the dietary patterns and nutritional status of women of childbearing age in various geographical settings in Cameroon so as to propose intervention strategies. <strong>Methods:</strong> In a cross sectional study conducted from January 2014 to August 2015, women aged 14 - 49 years were randomly selected from the capital city Yaounde and four regions of Cameroon. Anthropometric measures were collected for nutritional status assessment. Data on diet habits and socio-demographic parameters were collected. <strong>Results:</strong> 608 women of reproductive age with average age 34.68 ± 0.39 years made up the study. Dietary patterns assessment revealed that, most study participants had a frequent intake of carbohydrate rich foods and fats and oils rich foods;but an infrequent intake of protein rich foods and vitamin and minerals rich foods in a week. Nutritional status assessment revealed that, 2.1% were underweight, 28.6% had a normal weight, 30.8% overweight, and 38.5% obese. The grass field regions presented the highest prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity. Higher malnutrition levels were linked to low intakes of pulses and beans;milk and dairy products;vegetables and fruits food groups. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Women of the study population had an unhealthy dietary pattern and a poor nutritional status. Therefore, strategies such as nutritional education are warranted and should be age and region specific, so as to target specific groups of women and ensure adequate nutritional status and health.展开更多
Heart failure(HF)is characterized by high symptom burden including,but not limited to fatigue,dyspnea,and edema.Up to 21.5%of HF patients experience significant depressive symptoms,much higher than 7.1%in adults witho...Heart failure(HF)is characterized by high symptom burden including,but not limited to fatigue,dyspnea,and edema.Up to 21.5%of HF patients experience significant depressive symptoms,much higher than 7.1%in adults without HF.Diet,metabolites,and other inflammatory mechanisms have gained notable attention in recent studies for contributions to symptoms in HF.Symptoms for black adults(B/As)with HF are often influenced by lifestyle factors,which may influence their higher mortality rates;few studies address these factors.Distinguishing the links between key elements with diet,inflammation,and symptoms may bring clarity for new dietary strategies in HF clinical care.The purpose of this integrative review is to examine the existing literature regarding relationships among physiologic pathways in HF along with physical and emotional symptoms in the context of inflammation,dietary intake,tumor necrosis factor‑alpha(TNF‑a),a biomarker of inflammation,and trimethylamine‑N‑Oxide(TMAO).Based on available evidence,inflammation may be a key link between physical symptoms,diet,depression,TMAO,and TNF‑a in persons with HF and warrants further examination to clarify pathological links to solidify evidence for better guidance with dietary modifications.The literature reviewed in this study demonstrates that more work is needed to examine dietary planning,social support,and differences between men and women in the B/A community.Results of this literature review call attention to the essential,personalized care needs related to symptom monitoring and dietary planning which is expected to decrease symptom burden in the HF population.展开更多
A growing body of evidence suggests that the gut microbiota contributes to the development of neurodegenerative diseases via the microbiota-gut-brain axis.As a contributing factor,microbiota dysbiosis always occurs in...A growing body of evidence suggests that the gut microbiota contributes to the development of neurodegenerative diseases via the microbiota-gut-brain axis.As a contributing factor,microbiota dysbiosis always occurs in pathological changes of neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.High-throughput sequencing technology has helped to reveal that the bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system is facilitated by the microbiota’s diverse microorganisms,and for both neuroimmune and neuroendocrine systems.Here,we summarize the bioinformatics analysis and wet-biology validation for the gut metagenomics in neurodegenerative diseases,with an emphasis on multi-omics studies and the gut virome.The pathogen-associated signaling biomarkers for identifying brain disorders and potential therapeutic targets are also elucidated.Finally,we discuss the role of diet,prebiotics,probiotics,postbiotics and exercise interventions in remodeling the microbiome and reducing the symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
Striped hyena（Hyaena hyaena） is a near-threatened large carnivore known to occur in arid and semi-arid landscapes in many parts of the world. Its population is declining globally and ecological information is requir...Striped hyena（Hyaena hyaena） is a near-threatened large carnivore known to occur in arid and semi-arid landscapes in many parts of the world. Its population is declining globally and ecological information is required urgently to meet their conservation needs. We studied the diet pattern of the striped hyena in the semi-arid Gir National Park and Sanctuary（GNPS）, western India. Prey items eaten by the striped hyena were identified from scats. Around 44.4% scats represented single to three mammalian preys while 55.6% of them represented four preys to seven preys. A variety of food items were identified including mammals, birds, insects and vegetable matters. Scats analysis showed that 63.91% diet of striped hyena was contributed by wild prey items, 20.94% by domestic prey and 3.31% by birds, whereas vegetable and insects contributed 9.92% and 1.93%, respectively. Diet diversity of the striped hyena computed by the Shannon-Weiner Index（H） was found to be 2.64. The presence of domestic mammals in the scat remains implied that the striped hyena might frequently visit human habitation in search for food and hence, a potential conflict between human and wildlife might arise. Reducing the dependence of hyena on domestic livestock is a challenge to ensure the survival of striped hyena outside the protected area.展开更多
Objective To explore the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)in a cohort aged 40 years and above in Songjiang District,Shanghai,and to analyze the association of Mediterranean diet pattern and diet...Objective To explore the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)in a cohort aged 40 years and above in Songjiang District,Shanghai,and to analyze the association of Mediterranean diet pattern and dietary approaches in stopping hypertension pattern(DASH)with the risk of developing COPD.Methods Based on a natural population cohort in Songjiang District,Shanghai,27474 adults aged 40 years and above who did not have COPD at baseline were enrolled in the study.The Cox proportional risk regression model was used to analyze the association of baseline Mediterranean diet pattern score and DASH score with the risk of COPD,and the hazard ratio(HR)of the risk and its 95%CI were calculated.Restricted cubic spline was used to analyze the nonlinear association between the two diet scores and the risk of COPD.Stratified analyses were performed according to gender,age,smoking status,etc.Sensitivity analysesswere conducted by censoring cases ddiagnosed within one year after the baseline survey or people with a history of malignant tumor disease.Results As of June 30,2023,after a median follow-up time of 6.21 years,there were 1089(4.0%)new COPD cases with an incidence density of 64.00 per 10000 person-years.After adjusting for relevant confounders,in the Mediterranean tertile subgroups under diet pattern score,the risk of developing COPD could be reduced by approximately 14%in the intermediate scoring group(HR=0.86,95%CI:0.75-0.99)and 15%in the highest scoring group(HR=0.85,95%Cl:0.72-0.99)compared to the lowest scoring group.The association remained after censoring cases diagnosed within one year of the baseline survey(HR=0.82,95%CI:0.70-0.95;HR=0.82,95%CI:0.68-0.97)or censoring people with a history of malignant tumor disease(HR=0.84,95%CI:0.73-0.97;HR=0.84,95%CI:0.71-0.99).No statistical association was found between the DASH score and the risk of COPD.Conclusion The Mediterranean diet pattern is associated with a lower risk of COPD.Increasing the intake of vegetables,fruits,legumes,and whole grains and decreasing the intake of red meat and others can reduce the risk of COPD.No association is found between the DASH dietary pattern and the risk of COPD in this community population.展开更多
Background and Objectives:Sichuan cuisine is characterized by high salt and oil content.We aimed to evaluate the effects of the Sichuan cuisine version of Chinese heart-healthy diet(CHH diet-SC)on blood pressure reduc...Background and Objectives:Sichuan cuisine is characterized by high salt and oil content.We aimed to evaluate the effects of the Sichuan cuisine version of Chinese heart-healthy diet(CHH diet-SC)on blood pressure reduction among hypertensive adults.Methods and Study Design:The Chinese heart-healthy diet(CHH)trial was a multicenter randomized controlled feeding trial among Chinese hypertensive people.We conducted a secondary analysis of the CHH trial using data from the Sichuan center in Southwest China.Fifty-three people aged 25 to 75 years with a mean systolic blood pressure(SBP)between 130 and 159 mmHg were enrolled.Eligible participants underwent a 1-week run-in period with the typical local diet and were randomized 1:1 to consume the CHH diet-SC(n=27)or typical local diet(n=26)for the next 4-week.The primary outcome was the net change in SBP,the secondary outcomes included diastolic blood pressure(DBP),mean arterial pressure(MAP),and the rate of BP control.Results:Compared with the control group,the CHH diet-SC decreased cooking salt,oil,and red meat content and increased inclusion of whole grains,fruits,seafood,low-fat dairy,soybean,and nuts;the SBP experienced reductions of 7.54,8.60,9.14,and 10.1 mmHg at the end of weeks 1 through 4;the DBP was reduced 4.01 mmHg at week 4;the MAP was significantly reduced 6.02 mmHg finally;and rate of BP control significantly increased(p˂0.05).Conclusions:Adoption of the CHH diet-SC for 4 weeks can significantly reduce BP and increase the rate of BP control in hypertensive adults.展开更多
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Malnutrition due to poor feeding habits, is still a serious public health issue in Cameroon. The objective of this study was to assess the dietary patterns and nutritional status of women of childbearing age in various geographical settings in Cameroon so as to propose intervention strategies. <strong>Methods:</strong> In a cross sectional study conducted from January 2014 to August 2015, women aged 14 - 49 years were randomly selected from the capital city Yaounde and four regions of Cameroon. Anthropometric measures were collected for nutritional status assessment. Data on diet habits and socio-demographic parameters were collected. <strong>Results:</strong> 608 women of reproductive age with average age 34.68 ± 0.39 years made up the study. Dietary patterns assessment revealed that, most study participants had a frequent intake of carbohydrate rich foods and fats and oils rich foods;but an infrequent intake of protein rich foods and vitamin and minerals rich foods in a week. Nutritional status assessment revealed that, 2.1% were underweight, 28.6% had a normal weight, 30.8% overweight, and 38.5% obese. The grass field regions presented the highest prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity. Higher malnutrition levels were linked to low intakes of pulses and beans;milk and dairy products;vegetables and fruits food groups. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Women of the study population had an unhealthy dietary pattern and a poor nutritional status. Therefore, strategies such as nutritional education are warranted and should be age and region specific, so as to target specific groups of women and ensure adequate nutritional status and health.
文摘Heart failure(HF)is characterized by high symptom burden including,but not limited to fatigue,dyspnea,and edema.Up to 21.5%of HF patients experience significant depressive symptoms,much higher than 7.1%in adults without HF.Diet,metabolites,and other inflammatory mechanisms have gained notable attention in recent studies for contributions to symptoms in HF.Symptoms for black adults(B/As)with HF are often influenced by lifestyle factors,which may influence their higher mortality rates;few studies address these factors.Distinguishing the links between key elements with diet,inflammation,and symptoms may bring clarity for new dietary strategies in HF clinical care.The purpose of this integrative review is to examine the existing literature regarding relationships among physiologic pathways in HF along with physical and emotional symptoms in the context of inflammation,dietary intake,tumor necrosis factor‑alpha(TNF‑a),a biomarker of inflammation,and trimethylamine‑N‑Oxide(TMAO).Based on available evidence,inflammation may be a key link between physical symptoms,diet,depression,TMAO,and TNF‑a in persons with HF and warrants further examination to clarify pathological links to solidify evidence for better guidance with dietary modifications.The literature reviewed in this study demonstrates that more work is needed to examine dietary planning,social support,and differences between men and women in the B/A community.Results of this literature review call attention to the essential,personalized care needs related to symptom monitoring and dietary planning which is expected to decrease symptom burden in the HF population.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.32002235(to MT)the Science and Technology Foundation of Taian of Shandong Province,No.2020NS216(to XL)。
文摘A growing body of evidence suggests that the gut microbiota contributes to the development of neurodegenerative diseases via the microbiota-gut-brain axis.As a contributing factor,microbiota dysbiosis always occurs in pathological changes of neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.High-throughput sequencing technology has helped to reveal that the bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system is facilitated by the microbiota’s diverse microorganisms,and for both neuroimmune and neuroendocrine systems.Here,we summarize the bioinformatics analysis and wet-biology validation for the gut metagenomics in neurodegenerative diseases,with an emphasis on multi-omics studies and the gut virome.The pathogen-associated signaling biomarkers for identifying brain disorders and potential therapeutic targets are also elucidated.Finally,we discuss the role of diet,prebiotics,probiotics,postbiotics and exercise interventions in remodeling the microbiome and reducing the symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases.
基金Financial support has been provided by the Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India
文摘Striped hyena（Hyaena hyaena） is a near-threatened large carnivore known to occur in arid and semi-arid landscapes in many parts of the world. Its population is declining globally and ecological information is required urgently to meet their conservation needs. We studied the diet pattern of the striped hyena in the semi-arid Gir National Park and Sanctuary（GNPS）, western India. Prey items eaten by the striped hyena were identified from scats. Around 44.4% scats represented single to three mammalian preys while 55.6% of them represented four preys to seven preys. A variety of food items were identified including mammals, birds, insects and vegetable matters. Scats analysis showed that 63.91% diet of striped hyena was contributed by wild prey items, 20.94% by domestic prey and 3.31% by birds, whereas vegetable and insects contributed 9.92% and 1.93%, respectively. Diet diversity of the striped hyena computed by the Shannon-Weiner Index（H） was found to be 2.64. The presence of domestic mammals in the scat remains implied that the striped hyena might frequently visit human habitation in search for food and hence, a potential conflict between human and wildlife might arise. Reducing the dependence of hyena on domestic livestock is a challenge to ensure the survival of striped hyena outside the protected area.
文摘Objective To explore the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)in a cohort aged 40 years and above in Songjiang District,Shanghai,and to analyze the association of Mediterranean diet pattern and dietary approaches in stopping hypertension pattern(DASH)with the risk of developing COPD.Methods Based on a natural population cohort in Songjiang District,Shanghai,27474 adults aged 40 years and above who did not have COPD at baseline were enrolled in the study.The Cox proportional risk regression model was used to analyze the association of baseline Mediterranean diet pattern score and DASH score with the risk of COPD,and the hazard ratio(HR)of the risk and its 95%CI were calculated.Restricted cubic spline was used to analyze the nonlinear association between the two diet scores and the risk of COPD.Stratified analyses were performed according to gender,age,smoking status,etc.Sensitivity analysesswere conducted by censoring cases ddiagnosed within one year after the baseline survey or people with a history of malignant tumor disease.Results As of June 30,2023,after a median follow-up time of 6.21 years,there were 1089(4.0%)new COPD cases with an incidence density of 64.00 per 10000 person-years.After adjusting for relevant confounders,in the Mediterranean tertile subgroups under diet pattern score,the risk of developing COPD could be reduced by approximately 14%in the intermediate scoring group(HR=0.86,95%CI:0.75-0.99)and 15%in the highest scoring group(HR=0.85,95%Cl:0.72-0.99)compared to the lowest scoring group.The association remained after censoring cases diagnosed within one year of the baseline survey(HR=0.82,95%CI:0.70-0.95;HR=0.82,95%CI:0.68-0.97)or censoring people with a history of malignant tumor disease(HR=0.84,95%CI:0.73-0.97;HR=0.84,95%CI:0.71-0.99).No statistical association was found between the DASH score and the risk of COPD.Conclusion The Mediterranean diet pattern is associated with a lower risk of COPD.Increasing the intake of vegetables,fruits,legumes,and whole grains and decreasing the intake of red meat and others can reduce the risk of COPD.No association is found between the DASH dietary pattern and the risk of COPD in this community population.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program,Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2016YFC1300201)the Chinese Nutrition Society Nutrition Science Foundation-Yum China Dietary Health Foundation(CNS-YUM2019B16).
文摘Background and Objectives:Sichuan cuisine is characterized by high salt and oil content.We aimed to evaluate the effects of the Sichuan cuisine version of Chinese heart-healthy diet(CHH diet-SC)on blood pressure reduction among hypertensive adults.Methods and Study Design:The Chinese heart-healthy diet(CHH)trial was a multicenter randomized controlled feeding trial among Chinese hypertensive people.We conducted a secondary analysis of the CHH trial using data from the Sichuan center in Southwest China.Fifty-three people aged 25 to 75 years with a mean systolic blood pressure(SBP)between 130 and 159 mmHg were enrolled.Eligible participants underwent a 1-week run-in period with the typical local diet and were randomized 1:1 to consume the CHH diet-SC(n=27)or typical local diet(n=26)for the next 4-week.The primary outcome was the net change in SBP,the secondary outcomes included diastolic blood pressure(DBP),mean arterial pressure(MAP),and the rate of BP control.Results:Compared with the control group,the CHH diet-SC decreased cooking salt,oil,and red meat content and increased inclusion of whole grains,fruits,seafood,low-fat dairy,soybean,and nuts;the SBP experienced reductions of 7.54,8.60,9.14,and 10.1 mmHg at the end of weeks 1 through 4;the DBP was reduced 4.01 mmHg at week 4;the MAP was significantly reduced 6.02 mmHg finally;and rate of BP control significantly increased(p˂0.05).Conclusions:Adoption of the CHH diet-SC for 4 weeks can significantly reduce BP and increase the rate of BP control in hypertensive adults.
