Objective： To explore the relationships between the daily total intake of fluoride, dental fluorosis and dental caries. Methods： An epidemiological method was used to investigate the daily total intake of fluoride, ...Objective： To explore the relationships between the daily total intake of fluoride, dental fluorosis and dental caries. Methods： An epidemiological method was used to investigate the daily total intake of fluoride, dental fluorosis, and dental caries among 236 and 290 children aged 8-13 years in a severe endemic area and in a non-fluorosis control area, respectively. The children were divided into eight subgroups according to each child＇ s estimated daily total intake of fluoride. The prevalence of dental fluorosis and dental caries in each group was calculated. Results： As expected, elevated levels of fluoride intake were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of dental fluorosis and an increasing amount of more severe defect dental fluorosis. When the daily total F intake was 2.78 mg/child/day, the prevalence of dental fluorosis was nearly 100%, with the prevalence of defect dental fluorosis increasing with increasing fluoride intake. There was also a significant negative（inverse） dose-response relationship between the daily total intake of fluoride and the overall prevalence of dental caries, the prevalence of which decreased when the daily total intake of fluoride increased up to 3.32 mg/child/day. However, at higher levels of daily total intake of fluoride the prevalence of dental caries increased, giving rise to a U-shaped dose-response relationship curve. Conclusion： It is important to monitor total fluoride exposure and protect children from excessive fluoride intake, especially during the years of tooth development.展开更多
Medical Geology can be defined as the branch of geology dealing with the relationship between natural geological aspects and health in organisms (humans and animals), trying to determine the influence of ordinary envi...Medical Geology can be defined as the branch of geology dealing with the relationship between natural geological aspects and health in organisms (humans and animals), trying to determine the influence of ordinary environmental factors on the geographical distribution of health issues. The main goals of this research were: 1) to evaluate the severity of dental fluorosis (DF) and fluoride concentration in groundwater, used for human consumption, as an indicator of overexposure to fluorides, 2) to estimate the Community Fluorosis Index (CFI) in the Julimes municipality in Chihuahua, Mexico. Nine water samples were collected in four locations in the Julimes area: Hacienda Humboldt, La Regina, Colonia San Jose, and Julimes. Samples were collected and stored in accordance with the Mexican standard (NOM-014-SSA1-1993). All the samples exceeded the maximum permissible limit established in the modified Mexican standard (NOM-127-SSA1-1994) of 1.5 mgL<sup>-1</sup> for fluoride in water for human consumption. Average concentrations of 2.74 mgL<sup>-1</sup> were found in Colonia San Jose, 2.19 mgL<sup>-1</sup> in La Regina, 2.17 mgL<sup>-1</sup> in Julimes and 2.06 mgL<sup>-1</sup> in Hacienda Humboldt. Dental Fluorosis diagnosis was evaluated using the Dean Index and the CFI applied to residents. A total of 100 inhabitants were examined, with interviews and oral examinations also carried out. Dental Fluorosis prevalence was 92% overall for the municipality, while for Colonia San Jose was of 100%, of 88.89% for Hacienda Humboldt, 88.24% for Julimes and 96% for La Regina. Dental Fluorosis’ severity for the Julimes municipality was distributed as follows: 2% normal, 6% questionable, 8% very mild, 13% mild, 19% moderate, and 52% severe. An average CFI was found for the four localities of 3.02 points, with a very notable impact on public health.展开更多
Objective To investigate the influencing factors of adult dental fluorosis in drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis areas of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Methods A case-control study was conducted in January 2024...Objective To investigate the influencing factors of adult dental fluorosis in drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis areas of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Methods A case-control study was conducted in January 2024 to select adult fluorosis patients(case group)and healthy individuals(control group)from the drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis areas in Helinger County,Hohhot City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as the surveysubjects.Urinesamples were collected to determine urinary fluoride concentration.A questionnaire survey was conducted.SPSS 25.0 software was used for X?test and multivariate logistic regression analysis.2 Restricted cubic spline(RCS)was used to analyze the association between urinary fluoride concentration and the risk of dental fluorosis in adults.Results A total of 161 individuals were included in the survey,including 100 in the case group and 61 in the control group.The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the distribution of gender,smoking,and urinary fluoride concentration between the case group and the control group(x^(2)=7.54,5.02,9.69,P<0.05).The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that gender(OR=0.36,95%CI:0.18-0.73,P=0.005)and urinary fluoride concentration(0R=3.08,95%CI:1.46-6.67,P=0.003)were the influencing factors of adult fluorosis.RCS analysis showed a significant linear dose-response relationship between the risk of dental fluorosis and urinary fluoride concentration(P_(overall tend)=0.001,P_(overall tend)=0.071).When the urinary fluoride concentration was greater than 1.57 mg/L,the risk of dental fluorosis increased with the increase of urinary fluoride concentration.Conclusion Gender and urinary fluoride concentration are the risk factors of dental fluorosis in adults in drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis areas of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.展开更多
Objective To investigate ethnic belonging,family economic status,staple food,dental fluorosis and urinary fluoride level of primary school students in Douqing Minority(Miao and Yi)Village,where is a severe area of coa...Objective To investigate ethnic belonging,family economic status,staple food,dental fluorosis and urinary fluoride level of primary school students in Douqing Minority(Miao and Yi)Village,where is a severe area of coal-burning type of endemic fluorosis,in order to provide a base for diminishing the disease in ethnic minori-展开更多
Introduction:Coal-burning pollution type of endemic fluorosis remains a significant public health threat in certain rural areas of China.This study aimed to analyze the long-term trends in dental fluorosis prevalence ...Introduction:Coal-burning pollution type of endemic fluorosis remains a significant public health threat in certain rural areas of China.This study aimed to analyze the long-term trends in dental fluorosis prevalence in coal-burning fluorosis areas in China from 2009 to 2023.Methods:We collected and analyzed dental fluorosis detection rates among children aged 8–12 in 12 coalburning fluorosis provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)of China(2009–2023).The optimal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with Exogenous Inputs(ARIMAX)time series model was used to predict dental fluorosis detection rates in children from 2019 to 2023.The GeoDa(version 1.20.0;GeoDa Institute)software was employed for spatial analysis,while the SaTScan(version 10.1;GeoDa Institute)was used to analyze spatial-temporal aggregation patterns.Results:From 2009 to 2023,the dental fluorosis detection rates in children aged 8–12 years showed a decreasing trend,declining from 49.51%to 1.56%.After 2016,achieving the elimination standard(<15%).There was a goodagreement between the observed detection rates andexpected values,with a relative risk(RR)of 0.98.Global analysis shows that the detection rate of dental fluorosis is randomly dispersed.The Moran’s I index for dental fluorosis detection rates was positive in 2009,2011,and 2013,and negative in other years,with Z-values ranging from−1.53 to 0.99.Local analysis indicates that Yunnan Province has continuously presented a low-high aggregation pattern from 2011 to 2013.Space-time analysis identified that Yunnan was classified as a highprevalence cluster in 2022–2023[odds ratio(OR)=1.07,Log likelihood ratio(LLR)=30.45,P<0.05].Conclusions:China has achieved remarkable success in the prevention and control of coal-burning fluorosis.These spatial findings provide critical reference values to support targeted prevention strategies for coalburning fluorosis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Dental fluorosis is caused by excessive fluoride ingestion during tooth formation.As a consequence,there is a higher porosity on the enamel surface,which causes an opaque look.AIM The aim of this study was ...BACKGROUND Dental fluorosis is caused by excessive fluoride ingestion during tooth formation.As a consequence,there is a higher porosity on the enamel surface,which causes an opaque look.AIM The aim of this study was to identify a dental intervention to improve the smile in patients with tooth fluorosis.Additional aims were to relate the stain size on fluorotic teeth with the effectiveness of stain removal,enamel loss and procedure time using a manual microabrasion technique with 16%hydrochloric acid(HCL).METHODS An experimental study was carried out on 84 fluorotic teeth in 57 adolescent patients,33 females and 24 males,with moderate to severe fluorosis.The means,standard deviations and percentages were analyzed using nonparametric statistics and ArchiCAD 15 software was used for the variables including stain size and effectiveness of stain removal.RESULTS The average enamel loss was 234μm and was significantly related to the procedure time categorized as 1-4 min and 4.01-6 min,resulting in a P>0.000.The microabrasion technique using 16%HCL was effective in 90.6%of patients and was applied manually on superficial stains in moderate and severe fluorosis.Procedure time was less than 6 min and enamel loss was within the acceptable range.CONCLUSION Microabrasion is a first-line treatment;however,the clinician should measure the average enamel loss to ensure that it is within the approximate range of 250μm in order to avoid restorative treatment.展开更多
India＇s surface water and groundwater distribu- tion is temporally variable due to the monsoon. Agriculture is one of the dominant economic sectors in India. Groundwater quality is regularly assessed to determine usa...India＇s surface water and groundwater distribu- tion is temporally variable due to the monsoon. Agriculture is one of the dominant economic sectors in India. Groundwater quality is regularly assessed to determine usability for drinking and irrigation. In this study, World Health Organization and Bureau of Indian Standards guidelines were used to determine suitability of ground- water near artificial recharge structures （ARS） with a focus on the structureg impact on groundwater quality. Ground- water resources were evaluated for irrigation suitability using electrical conductivity （EC）, sodium adsorption ratio, the US Salinity Laboratory diagram, sodium concentration, Wilcox＇s diagram, Kelly＇s index, and Doneen＇s perme- ability index. EC and major ions were tested in recharge areas at different distances from the ARS. The construction of ARS at optimal distances along major streams has improved groundwater quantity and quality in the subbasin. Before construction of ARS, fluoride concentrations were higher; after construction, fluoride was reduced in most locations. Water stored in the check dam and groundwater in the wells closer to the structure were suitable for both drinking and irrigation purposes. Impact of ARS on nearby groundwater quality was observed at Pal- lipatti, Mulayanur, Venkadasamuthram, Pudupatti, Poyyappatti, Harurl, and Sekkampatti. More distant sites included Pappiredipatti, Nambiyappati, Menasi, Harur, Todampatti, and Adikarapatfi. Data demonstrated improved groundwater quality in the area of the ARS. Through recharge, the non-potable fluoride in the region is reduced to the permissible limit for human consumption.展开更多
基金supported by Jiangsu Provincial Foundation of Prevention Medicine(Y200621)
文摘Objective： To explore the relationships between the daily total intake of fluoride, dental fluorosis and dental caries. Methods： An epidemiological method was used to investigate the daily total intake of fluoride, dental fluorosis, and dental caries among 236 and 290 children aged 8-13 years in a severe endemic area and in a non-fluorosis control area, respectively. The children were divided into eight subgroups according to each child＇ s estimated daily total intake of fluoride. The prevalence of dental fluorosis and dental caries in each group was calculated. Results： As expected, elevated levels of fluoride intake were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of dental fluorosis and an increasing amount of more severe defect dental fluorosis. When the daily total F intake was 2.78 mg/child/day, the prevalence of dental fluorosis was nearly 100%, with the prevalence of defect dental fluorosis increasing with increasing fluoride intake. There was also a significant negative（inverse） dose-response relationship between the daily total intake of fluoride and the overall prevalence of dental caries, the prevalence of which decreased when the daily total intake of fluoride increased up to 3.32 mg/child/day. However, at higher levels of daily total intake of fluoride the prevalence of dental caries increased, giving rise to a U-shaped dose-response relationship curve. Conclusion： It is important to monitor total fluoride exposure and protect children from excessive fluoride intake, especially during the years of tooth development.
文摘Medical Geology can be defined as the branch of geology dealing with the relationship between natural geological aspects and health in organisms (humans and animals), trying to determine the influence of ordinary environmental factors on the geographical distribution of health issues. The main goals of this research were: 1) to evaluate the severity of dental fluorosis (DF) and fluoride concentration in groundwater, used for human consumption, as an indicator of overexposure to fluorides, 2) to estimate the Community Fluorosis Index (CFI) in the Julimes municipality in Chihuahua, Mexico. Nine water samples were collected in four locations in the Julimes area: Hacienda Humboldt, La Regina, Colonia San Jose, and Julimes. Samples were collected and stored in accordance with the Mexican standard (NOM-014-SSA1-1993). All the samples exceeded the maximum permissible limit established in the modified Mexican standard (NOM-127-SSA1-1994) of 1.5 mgL<sup>-1</sup> for fluoride in water for human consumption. Average concentrations of 2.74 mgL<sup>-1</sup> were found in Colonia San Jose, 2.19 mgL<sup>-1</sup> in La Regina, 2.17 mgL<sup>-1</sup> in Julimes and 2.06 mgL<sup>-1</sup> in Hacienda Humboldt. Dental Fluorosis diagnosis was evaluated using the Dean Index and the CFI applied to residents. A total of 100 inhabitants were examined, with interviews and oral examinations also carried out. Dental Fluorosis prevalence was 92% overall for the municipality, while for Colonia San Jose was of 100%, of 88.89% for Hacienda Humboldt, 88.24% for Julimes and 96% for La Regina. Dental Fluorosis’ severity for the Julimes municipality was distributed as follows: 2% normal, 6% questionable, 8% very mild, 13% mild, 19% moderate, and 52% severe. An average CFI was found for the four localities of 3.02 points, with a very notable impact on public health.
文摘Objective To investigate the influencing factors of adult dental fluorosis in drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis areas of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Methods A case-control study was conducted in January 2024 to select adult fluorosis patients(case group)and healthy individuals(control group)from the drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis areas in Helinger County,Hohhot City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as the surveysubjects.Urinesamples were collected to determine urinary fluoride concentration.A questionnaire survey was conducted.SPSS 25.0 software was used for X?test and multivariate logistic regression analysis.2 Restricted cubic spline(RCS)was used to analyze the association between urinary fluoride concentration and the risk of dental fluorosis in adults.Results A total of 161 individuals were included in the survey,including 100 in the case group and 61 in the control group.The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the distribution of gender,smoking,and urinary fluoride concentration between the case group and the control group(x^(2)=7.54,5.02,9.69,P<0.05).The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that gender(OR=0.36,95%CI:0.18-0.73,P=0.005)and urinary fluoride concentration(0R=3.08,95%CI:1.46-6.67,P=0.003)were the influencing factors of adult fluorosis.RCS analysis showed a significant linear dose-response relationship between the risk of dental fluorosis and urinary fluoride concentration(P_(overall tend)=0.001,P_(overall tend)=0.071).When the urinary fluoride concentration was greater than 1.57 mg/L,the risk of dental fluorosis increased with the increase of urinary fluoride concentration.Conclusion Gender and urinary fluoride concentration are the risk factors of dental fluorosis in adults in drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis areas of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
文摘Objective To investigate ethnic belonging,family economic status,staple food,dental fluorosis and urinary fluoride level of primary school students in Douqing Minority(Miao and Yi)Village,where is a severe area of coal-burning type of endemic fluorosis,in order to provide a base for diminishing the disease in ethnic minori-
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2503101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82273749 and 82473747).
文摘Introduction:Coal-burning pollution type of endemic fluorosis remains a significant public health threat in certain rural areas of China.This study aimed to analyze the long-term trends in dental fluorosis prevalence in coal-burning fluorosis areas in China from 2009 to 2023.Methods:We collected and analyzed dental fluorosis detection rates among children aged 8–12 in 12 coalburning fluorosis provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)of China(2009–2023).The optimal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with Exogenous Inputs(ARIMAX)time series model was used to predict dental fluorosis detection rates in children from 2019 to 2023.The GeoDa(version 1.20.0;GeoDa Institute)software was employed for spatial analysis,while the SaTScan(version 10.1;GeoDa Institute)was used to analyze spatial-temporal aggregation patterns.Results:From 2009 to 2023,the dental fluorosis detection rates in children aged 8–12 years showed a decreasing trend,declining from 49.51%to 1.56%.After 2016,achieving the elimination standard(<15%).There was a goodagreement between the observed detection rates andexpected values,with a relative risk(RR)of 0.98.Global analysis shows that the detection rate of dental fluorosis is randomly dispersed.The Moran’s I index for dental fluorosis detection rates was positive in 2009,2011,and 2013,and negative in other years,with Z-values ranging from−1.53 to 0.99.Local analysis indicates that Yunnan Province has continuously presented a low-high aggregation pattern from 2011 to 2013.Space-time analysis identified that Yunnan was classified as a highprevalence cluster in 2022–2023[odds ratio(OR)=1.07,Log likelihood ratio(LLR)=30.45,P<0.05].Conclusions:China has achieved remarkable success in the prevention and control of coal-burning fluorosis.These spatial findings provide critical reference values to support targeted prevention strategies for coalburning fluorosis.
文摘BACKGROUND Dental fluorosis is caused by excessive fluoride ingestion during tooth formation.As a consequence,there is a higher porosity on the enamel surface,which causes an opaque look.AIM The aim of this study was to identify a dental intervention to improve the smile in patients with tooth fluorosis.Additional aims were to relate the stain size on fluorotic teeth with the effectiveness of stain removal,enamel loss and procedure time using a manual microabrasion technique with 16%hydrochloric acid(HCL).METHODS An experimental study was carried out on 84 fluorotic teeth in 57 adolescent patients,33 females and 24 males,with moderate to severe fluorosis.The means,standard deviations and percentages were analyzed using nonparametric statistics and ArchiCAD 15 software was used for the variables including stain size and effectiveness of stain removal.RESULTS The average enamel loss was 234μm and was significantly related to the procedure time categorized as 1-4 min and 4.01-6 min,resulting in a P>0.000.The microabrasion technique using 16%HCL was effective in 90.6%of patients and was applied manually on superficial stains in moderate and severe fluorosis.Procedure time was less than 6 min and enamel loss was within the acceptable range.CONCLUSION Microabrasion is a first-line treatment;however,the clinician should measure the average enamel loss to ensure that it is within the approximate range of 250μm in order to avoid restorative treatment.
基金the Natural Resources Data Management System(NRDMS),of the Department of Science and Technology(DST),New Delhi,India for providing financial support
文摘India＇s surface water and groundwater distribu- tion is temporally variable due to the monsoon. Agriculture is one of the dominant economic sectors in India. Groundwater quality is regularly assessed to determine usability for drinking and irrigation. In this study, World Health Organization and Bureau of Indian Standards guidelines were used to determine suitability of ground- water near artificial recharge structures （ARS） with a focus on the structureg impact on groundwater quality. Ground- water resources were evaluated for irrigation suitability using electrical conductivity （EC）, sodium adsorption ratio, the US Salinity Laboratory diagram, sodium concentration, Wilcox＇s diagram, Kelly＇s index, and Doneen＇s perme- ability index. EC and major ions were tested in recharge areas at different distances from the ARS. The construction of ARS at optimal distances along major streams has improved groundwater quantity and quality in the subbasin. Before construction of ARS, fluoride concentrations were higher; after construction, fluoride was reduced in most locations. Water stored in the check dam and groundwater in the wells closer to the structure were suitable for both drinking and irrigation purposes. Impact of ARS on nearby groundwater quality was observed at Pal- lipatti, Mulayanur, Venkadasamuthram, Pudupatti, Poyyappatti, Harurl, and Sekkampatti. More distant sites included Pappiredipatti, Nambiyappati, Menasi, Harur, Todampatti, and Adikarapatfi. Data demonstrated improved groundwater quality in the area of the ARS. Through recharge, the non-potable fluoride in the region is reduced to the permissible limit for human consumption.
