A selective and new spectrophotometric method is described for determination of five 1,4 dihydropyridine drugs (1,4- DHP);namely nifedipine (NIF), nicardipine (NIC), nimodipine (NIM), felodipine (FEL) and amlodipine (...A selective and new spectrophotometric method is described for determination of five 1,4 dihydropyridine drugs (1,4- DHP);namely nifedipine (NIF), nicardipine (NIC), nimodipine (NIM), felodipine (FEL) and amlodipine (AML). The method is based on a coupling reaction between the cited drugs and vanillin reagent in acidic condition. Under optimized conditions, the red coloured products were measured at 500 nm for NIF, NIC, NIM and FEL or at 479 nm for AML. Molar absorptivities were ranged from 0.575 × 104 - 1.065 × 104 l·mol-1·cm-1, Beer’s law was obeyed at 5 - 70 μg/mL concentration range and the limit of detection was ranged from 0.150 - 1.500 μg/mL. The proposed method was successfully extended to pharmaceutical preparations tablets and capsules and comparison by Student’s t-test and variance ratio F-test showed no significant difference.展开更多
利用光学仪器法能够快速、高效地测定森林生态系统的叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)。然而,评估该方法测定针阔混交林LAI季节动态准确性的研究较少。该研究基于凋落物法测定了小兴安岭地区阔叶红松(Pinus koraiensis)林LAI的季节动态...利用光学仪器法能够快速、高效地测定森林生态系统的叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)。然而,评估该方法测定针阔混交林LAI季节动态准确性的研究较少。该研究基于凋落物法测定了小兴安岭地区阔叶红松(Pinus koraiensis)林LAI的季节动态,其结果可代表真实的LAI。参考真实的LAI,对半球摄影法(digital hemispherical photography,DHP)和LAI-2000植物冠层分析仪测定的有效叶面积指数(effective LAI,Le)进行了评估。首先对DHP测定LAI过程中采用的不合理曝光模式(自动曝光)进行了系统校正。同时,测定了光学仪器法估测LAI的主要影响因素(包括木质比例(woody-to-total area ratio,α)、集聚指数(clumping index,E)和针簇比(needle-to-shoot area ratio,γE))的季节变化。结果表明:3种不同方法测定的LAI均表现为单峰型的季节变化,8月初达到峰值。从5月至11月,DHP测定的Le比真实的LAI低估50%–59%,平均低估55%;而LAI-2000植物冠层分析仪测定的Le比真实的LAI低估19%–35%,平均低估27%。DHP测定的Le经过自动曝光,α、E和γE校正后,精度明显提高,但仍比真实的LAI低估6%–15%,平均低估9%;相对而言,LAI-2000植物冠层分析仪测定的Le经过α、E和γE校正后,精度明显提高,各时期与真实的LAI的差异均小于9%。研究结果表明,考虑木质部和集聚效应对光学仪器法的影响后,DHP和LAI-2000植物冠层分析仪均能相对准确地测定针阔混交林LAI的季节动态,其中,DHP的测定精度高于85%,而LAI-2000植物冠层分析仪的测定精度高于91%。展开更多
文摘A selective and new spectrophotometric method is described for determination of five 1,4 dihydropyridine drugs (1,4- DHP);namely nifedipine (NIF), nicardipine (NIC), nimodipine (NIM), felodipine (FEL) and amlodipine (AML). The method is based on a coupling reaction between the cited drugs and vanillin reagent in acidic condition. Under optimized conditions, the red coloured products were measured at 500 nm for NIF, NIC, NIM and FEL or at 479 nm for AML. Molar absorptivities were ranged from 0.575 × 104 - 1.065 × 104 l·mol-1·cm-1, Beer’s law was obeyed at 5 - 70 μg/mL concentration range and the limit of detection was ranged from 0.150 - 1.500 μg/mL. The proposed method was successfully extended to pharmaceutical preparations tablets and capsules and comparison by Student’s t-test and variance ratio F-test showed no significant difference.
文摘利用光学仪器法能够快速、高效地测定森林生态系统的叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)。然而,评估该方法测定针阔混交林LAI季节动态准确性的研究较少。该研究基于凋落物法测定了小兴安岭地区阔叶红松(Pinus koraiensis)林LAI的季节动态,其结果可代表真实的LAI。参考真实的LAI,对半球摄影法(digital hemispherical photography,DHP)和LAI-2000植物冠层分析仪测定的有效叶面积指数(effective LAI,Le)进行了评估。首先对DHP测定LAI过程中采用的不合理曝光模式(自动曝光)进行了系统校正。同时,测定了光学仪器法估测LAI的主要影响因素(包括木质比例(woody-to-total area ratio,α)、集聚指数(clumping index,E)和针簇比(needle-to-shoot area ratio,γE))的季节变化。结果表明:3种不同方法测定的LAI均表现为单峰型的季节变化,8月初达到峰值。从5月至11月,DHP测定的Le比真实的LAI低估50%–59%,平均低估55%;而LAI-2000植物冠层分析仪测定的Le比真实的LAI低估19%–35%,平均低估27%。DHP测定的Le经过自动曝光,α、E和γE校正后,精度明显提高,但仍比真实的LAI低估6%–15%,平均低估9%;相对而言,LAI-2000植物冠层分析仪测定的Le经过α、E和γE校正后,精度明显提高,各时期与真实的LAI的差异均小于9%。研究结果表明,考虑木质部和集聚效应对光学仪器法的影响后,DHP和LAI-2000植物冠层分析仪均能相对准确地测定针阔混交林LAI的季节动态,其中,DHP的测定精度高于85%,而LAI-2000植物冠层分析仪的测定精度高于91%。
