This review highlights the therapeutic qualities of crustaceans such as crabs,shrimps,lobsters,and similar species that have historically been utilized for promoting human health.This study is particularly valuable as...This review highlights the therapeutic qualities of crustaceans such as crabs,shrimps,lobsters,and similar species that have historically been utilized for promoting human health.This study is particularly valuable as our reliance on synthetic medications and chemicals for maintaining good health increases,often leading to numerous side effects.Thus,there is a pressing need to explore alternative and natural solutions that can enhance general well-being and avert illnesses.Crustaceans were found to have numerous compounds that possess qualities such as fighting microbial pathogens(antimicrobial),diminishing inflammation(anti-inflammatory),exhibiting antioxidant properties,and regulating the immune system(immuno-modulatory),making them helpful in addressing various health issues.This review highlights 25 species of crustaceans for having multiple exceptional benefits to human health.A crucial aspect of this study relied on ancient Vedic medical manuscripts,from which data was gathered regarding the types of crustaceans and their applications for preserving health.We collected data that was determined to uphold these conventional theories.The key findings of the study also include the versatile applications of multiple compounds that can be extracted from crustacean byproducts like their shell wastes.The major compounds are Chitin and Chitosan being greatly utilized in fields like agriculture,cosmetology,in medical sciences for tissue regeneration and drug delivery,paper and textile industry.Compounds like Astaxanthin were observed with positive cardiovascular effect and antioxidant properties while Glucosamine,Chondroitin and Taurine were found to be essential components of bio-metabolic pathways and various bio-synthesizing processes inside human body.Therefore,the research highlights the important contribution of crustaceans in multiple sectors and also points out their economic value.This systematic literature review seeks to serve as a resource for researchers,healthcare providers,and pharmaceutical professionals who utilize insights regarding crustaceans and their beneficial byproducts for sustainable applications in their respective areas.展开更多
Autotomy of appendages is a self-protection mechanism in crustaceans,which is defined as the reflexive loss of a limb in response to predation,competition,or other environmental factors.Single-limb injuries were the m...Autotomy of appendages is a self-protection mechanism in crustaceans,which is defined as the reflexive loss of a limb in response to predation,competition,or other environmental factors.Single-limb injuries were the most common among the species surveyed in the present study,and the chelicerae were the most frequently lost appendages.After autotomy,hormones and signaling pathways are altered.Loss of limbs can affect foraging efficiency,although cheliped loss may be compensated by shifting to alternative prey or using both motor and oral appendages.In heterogeneous species,the loss of the major chelae may affect the selectivity of feeding.Autotomy can affect crustacean growth by reducing size increases at molting and altering the timing of ecdysis.In commercial production,removing chelicerae is an effective strategy to reduce cannibalism,and production of soft-shell crabs can be increased via autotomy.After autotomy,a new limb will regrow through regeneration and molting.This process involves the regulation of hormones,regrowth of nerves,and a number of signaling pathways that include the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and transforming growth factorβsignaling pathway.Crustaceans are somewhat different from vertebrates in terms of regeneration.This review provides theoretical guidance about autotomy and regeneration applied in artificial aquaculture,and we offer several suggestions for future research on autotomy and regeneration in crustaceans.展开更多
Aquaculture,as the fastest-growing food production sector in the world,is becoming an increasingly nonnegligible source of greenhouse gas emissions.Despite this,there has been limited research on nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)...Aquaculture,as the fastest-growing food production sector in the world,is becoming an increasingly nonnegligible source of greenhouse gas emissions.Despite this,there has been limited research on nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emission from marine aquaculture in China,where more marine aquaculture occurs than anywhere else,globally.We estimated N_(2)O emissions(E)from marine mariculture of 10 fish and 6 crustacean species in China from 2003 to 2022 using production data from the China Fishery Statistical Yearbook(2004–2023),and data for feed conversion rates and types from the literature.From 2003,marine aquaculture production,the annual N_(2)O emissions(E_(A)),and the annual N_(2)O emissions per unit of aquaculture area(EI_(A))trend upward.The E_(A)of fish culture was lower than that of crustaceans,but the EI_(A)of fish culture was generally higher.Sea bass(0.308 Tg/a,in terms of N)and white shrimp(0.945 Tg/a,in terms of N)had the highest average E_(A)among fish and crustacean cultures,respectively.The highest average E_(A)from fish and crustacean were both Guangdong Province(fish:0.248 Tg,crustacean:0.547 Tg),and the highest sea area were both the South China Sea(fish:0.316 Tg,crustacean:1.082 Tg);the highest average EI_(A)for fish and crustacean were Tianjin City[35.40 t/(hm^(2)·a)]and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region[19.83 t/(hm^(2)·a)],respectively,and the highest sea areas were both the South China Sea(fish:0.316 Tg,crustacean:1.082 Tg).These analyses provide baseline data for a greenhouse gas emissions inventory for China,based on an interpretation of them,we provide recommendations for reducing N_(2)O emissions in marine fish and crustacean culture.展开更多
In this paper,different kinds of enzymes,immune factors and regulatory factors of the immune system of crustaceans are summarized and then combed systematically and thoroughly. According to the mutual influence and ef...In this paper,different kinds of enzymes,immune factors and regulatory factors of the immune system of crustaceans are summarized and then combed systematically and thoroughly. According to the mutual influence and effects of these factors,different symbolic forms are introduced to express the effects,and ultimately the whole node graph of the system is obtained. The graph theory can be used for further researches on the immune system of crustacean.展开更多
The mechanisms of sex determination and the influence of exogenous factors on sex differentiation in crustacean were reviewed in the paper.Most of crustecea have not obviously sex chromosome.Androgenic gland was repor...The mechanisms of sex determination and the influence of exogenous factors on sex differentiation in crustacean were reviewed in the paper.Most of crustecea have not obviously sex chromosome.Androgenic gland was reported as the most important sex differentiation factors,implanting or cuting AG can change the sexal characterization of larval in crustacean.Although sex differentiation of crustacean is determined by gene,it is affected by exogenous factors such as parasite,photoperiod,temperature or hormone.Most cultured species have different body weight and length between male and female,this can be used in aquaculture to produce all male or female crusteceans to improve the production.展开更多
The biological characteristics of crustacean spermatozoa is important for the artificial reproduction and genetic breeding. With reference to the latest studies and related materials, this paper reviewed the research ...The biological characteristics of crustacean spermatozoa is important for the artificial reproduction and genetic breeding. With reference to the latest studies and related materials, this paper reviewed the research progress in the biological characteristics of crustacean spermatozoa, such as morphological structure of sperm, spermatogenesis, sperm viability, preservation in vitro and acrosome reaction et al. The prospects of the research field have also been anticipated.展开更多
The seasonal dynamics of a crustacean zooplankton community in Erhai Lake was investigated from May 2010 to April 2011. In total, 11 species were recorded, including six(6 genera) cladoceran and five(5 genera) copepod...The seasonal dynamics of a crustacean zooplankton community in Erhai Lake was investigated from May 2010 to April 2011. In total, 11 species were recorded, including six(6 genera) cladoceran and five(5 genera) copepod species. The crustacean zooplankton densities ranged from 24.3 to 155.4 ind./L. In winter and spring, the large-bodied cladoceran Daphnia galeata dominated the crustacean plankton community. In summer and autumn, when the colonial or filamentous algae dominated the phytoplankton communities, the small-bodied species(e.g. B osmina fatalis, Ceriodaphnia quadrangular, and Mesocyclops leuckarti) replaced the large-bodied ones. One-way ANOVA and redundancy analysis revealed that community structure was dependent upon total nitrogen, total phosphorus, water temperature, transparency, and the biomass of small algae. The variation in both phytoplankton structure and environmental variables were important factors in the seasonal succession of crustacean zooplankton structure in Erhai Lake.展开更多
The amphipod crustacean Eogammarus sinensis has useful features that make it suitable for use in the aquaculture of fish and large decapod crustaceans.In this study,we investigated the effects of temperature and salin...The amphipod crustacean Eogammarus sinensis has useful features that make it suitable for use in the aquaculture of fish and large decapod crustaceans.In this study,we investigated the effects of temperature and salinity on the development,fecundity,survival,and growth rate of E.sinensis.The results show that temperature significantly affected E.sinensis development,but salinity.As temperature increased,the duration of E.sinensis embryonic development decreased.Fecundity was affected significantly by temperature and the combination of temperature and salinity,but by salinity alone.In addition,high temperatures accelerated E.sinensis juvenile growth rates,whereas high salinity reduced it.Therefore,our data suggest that E.sinensis tolerates a wide range of salinities and that temperature has more significant effects than salinity on the embryonic development,fecundity,and growth of E.sinensis.Our results shall be useful for mass production of this species for use in aquaculture.展开更多
Despite their key role as model organisms in many behavioral studies, crustacean decapods have been only slightly touched upon by the recent surge of scientific interest in animal personality. Only seven articles inve...Despite their key role as model organisms in many behavioral studies, crustacean decapods have been only slightly touched upon by the recent surge of scientific interest in animal personality. Only seven articles investigated the issue in a handful of species among hermit crabs, crabs, and crayfish. Obviously, a limited number of publications does not mean that personality is rare in decapods. On the contrary, few studies might be the result of a form of reluctance by behavioral ecologists to deal with such a phenomenon in these and other invertebrates. This reluctance contrasts with the enthusiasm shown in tackling the beha- vioral plasticity issue. Here we discuss the possible theoretical and methodological difficulties raised by applying the animal per-sonality perspective to decapods and analyze implications of personality studies for their ecology, conservation, and welfare. By highlighting gaps in knowledge and directions of future research, our intention is to increase scientific emphasis on the issue.展开更多
The prerequisite for monosex culture is to elucidate the molecular mechanism of sex determination and differentiation in crustaceans, as well as to explore the key genes that play a role in this process. Monosex cultu...The prerequisite for monosex culture is to elucidate the molecular mechanism of sex determination and differentiation in crustaceans, as well as to explore the key genes that play a role in this process. Monosex culture technology based on crustacean economic species is of great importance in terms of genetic breeding and economic benefits of aquaculture. As a result, study into the mechanisms of sex determination and differentiation in crustaceans not only contributes to the current absence of basic theories of crustacean sexual mechanism, but also encourages technical innovation in aquaculture to increase overall economic efficiency. This study synthesizes and evaluates available research on sex determination and differentiation in crustaceans, and then provides recommendations for future research objectives and priorities in the field.展开更多
Effects of Microcystis blooms on the crustacean plankton were studied using enclosure experiments during July-September, 2000. Eight enclosures were set in the hypereutrophic Donghu Lake. Different nutrient concentrat...Effects of Microcystis blooms on the crustacean plankton were studied using enclosure experiments during July-September, 2000. Eight enclosures were set in the hypereutrophic Donghu Lake. Different nutrient concentrations through additional nutrient and sediment in enclosures were expected to result in different abundance of Microcystis. From July to early August, the phytoplankton community was dominated by Chlorophyta, Cryptophyta, Bacillariophyta and Cyanophyta other than Microcystis aeruginosa. M. aeruginosa showed a rapid increase during early August in all enclosures and predominated. Crustacean plankton was dominated by the herbivorous Moina micrura, Diaphanosoma brachyurum and Ceriodaphnia cornuta, and the predaceous Mesocyclops sp. and Thermocyclops taihokuensis. During the pre-bloom period, the dynamics of M. micrura population appeared to be mainly affected by the predaceous cyclopoids. With the development of Microcystis blooms, such interaction between M. micrura and cyclopoids seemed weakened, especially when the Microcystis biomass was high. But there was no apparent influence on the interaction between Leptodora kindti and its zooplanktonic prey. The density of two cyclopoids decreased with the enhancement of Microcystis. The density decline of M. micrura was caused by both predation and inhibition by Microcystis. The low food availability of other edible phytoplankton during the blooms led to low densities of both C. cornuta and D. brachyurum by late August. It appears that dense Microcystis blooms exert strong negative effects on the herbivorous cladocerans and the predaceous cyclopoids.展开更多
To counter the mass reproduction and penetration of crustacean zooplankton in Biological Activated Carbon(BAC)filters which may result in the presence of organisms in potable water and water pollution,this paper analy...To counter the mass reproduction and penetration of crustacean zooplankton in Biological Activated Carbon(BAC)filters which may result in the presence of organisms in potable water and water pollution,this paper analyzed the factors affecting organisms' reproduction in BAC filters.A comparative study was performed on the density and composition of crustacean zooplankton of the concerned water treatment units of two advanced water plants(Plant A and B)which with the same raw water and the same treatment technique in southern China.The results obtained show that the crustaceans' density and composition was very different between the sand filtered water of Plant A and Plant B.which Harpacticoida bred sharply in the sediment tanks and penetrated sand filter into BAC filters was the primary reason of crustaceans reproduce in BAC filters of Plant A.For prevention of the organisms reproduction in BAC,some strengthen measures was taken including pre-chlorination,cleaning coagulation tanks and sediment tanks completely,increasing sludge disposal frequency to stop organisms enter BAC filters,and the finished water quality was improved and enhanced.展开更多
Homeobox genes have been discovered in many species. These genes are known to play a major role in specifying regional identity along the anterior-posterior axis of animals from a wide range of phyla.The products of t...Homeobox genes have been discovered in many species. These genes are known to play a major role in specifying regional identity along the anterior-posterior axis of animals from a wide range of phyla.The products of the homeotic genes are a set of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that control elaborate developmental processes and specify cell fates in metazoans. Crustacean, presenting a variety of body plans not encountered in any other class or phylum of the Metazoa, has been shown to possess a single set of homologous Hox genes like insect. The ancestral crustacean Hox gene complex comprised ten genes: eight homologous to the hometic Hox genes and two related to nonhomeotic genes presented within the insect Hox complexes. The crustacean in particular exhibits an abundant diversity segment specialization and tagmosis. This morphological diversity relates to the Hox genes. In crustacean body plan, different Hox genes control different segments and tagmosis.展开更多
The present investigation aims at unveiling the main causes of the recorded disparate phylogeographic patterning among the two highly dispersive coastal crab species Carcinus aestuarii and Pachygrapsus marmoratus in t...The present investigation aims at unveiling the main causes of the recorded disparate phylogeographic patterning among the two highly dispersive coastal crab species Carcinus aestuarii and Pachygrapsus marmoratus in the Mediterranean Sea.For this purpose,available mitochondrial and nuclear data for both species were re-analyzed and investigated for genetic polymorphism and differentiation patterns across three defined geographic scales in their distribution ranges,but also across the same locations in the Mediterranean Sea.The temporal frame of genetic diversification was also determined for both species in order to check whether observed differences in phylogeographic patterns among these coastal decapods could be attributed to different evolutionary histories.The obtained results revealed a more variable and diversified gene pool in the green crab C.aestuarii than the one recorded in the marbled crab P.marmoratus.Lack of significant correlation between pairwise genetic dissimilarities observed among C.aestuarii populations and those detected for P.marmoratus was notably discerned across the same defined Mediterranean locations.This finding indicates that the pattern of pairwise genetic differentiation does not vary in the same way in both examined crab species.Significant outputs of population genetic differentiation,retrieved within both species,were shown to be differently associated with the potential effects of various kinds of isolation processes(related to geography,environment and biogeographic boundary).Evolutionary history reconstruction showed older genetic diversification event in C.aestuarii than the one recorded in P.marmoratus.These recorded temporal frames suggest different modes of genetic diversification in both crab species(glacial vicariance for C.aestuarii and interglacial dispersal for P.marmoratus).They may also provide an explanation for the recorded differences in variation of patterns of population genetic diversity and structure,when integrated with species ecological requirements and life-history traits.展开更多
文摘This review highlights the therapeutic qualities of crustaceans such as crabs,shrimps,lobsters,and similar species that have historically been utilized for promoting human health.This study is particularly valuable as our reliance on synthetic medications and chemicals for maintaining good health increases,often leading to numerous side effects.Thus,there is a pressing need to explore alternative and natural solutions that can enhance general well-being and avert illnesses.Crustaceans were found to have numerous compounds that possess qualities such as fighting microbial pathogens(antimicrobial),diminishing inflammation(anti-inflammatory),exhibiting antioxidant properties,and regulating the immune system(immuno-modulatory),making them helpful in addressing various health issues.This review highlights 25 species of crustaceans for having multiple exceptional benefits to human health.A crucial aspect of this study relied on ancient Vedic medical manuscripts,from which data was gathered regarding the types of crustaceans and their applications for preserving health.We collected data that was determined to uphold these conventional theories.The key findings of the study also include the versatile applications of multiple compounds that can be extracted from crustacean byproducts like their shell wastes.The major compounds are Chitin and Chitosan being greatly utilized in fields like agriculture,cosmetology,in medical sciences for tissue regeneration and drug delivery,paper and textile industry.Compounds like Astaxanthin were observed with positive cardiovascular effect and antioxidant properties while Glucosamine,Chondroitin and Taurine were found to be essential components of bio-metabolic pathways and various bio-synthesizing processes inside human body.Therefore,the research highlights the important contribution of crustaceans in multiple sectors and also points out their economic value.This systematic literature review seeks to serve as a resource for researchers,healthcare providers,and pharmaceutical professionals who utilize insights regarding crustaceans and their beneficial byproducts for sustainable applications in their respective areas.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32172993,42106104)the Ningbo Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.202003N4181).
文摘Autotomy of appendages is a self-protection mechanism in crustaceans,which is defined as the reflexive loss of a limb in response to predation,competition,or other environmental factors.Single-limb injuries were the most common among the species surveyed in the present study,and the chelicerae were the most frequently lost appendages.After autotomy,hormones and signaling pathways are altered.Loss of limbs can affect foraging efficiency,although cheliped loss may be compensated by shifting to alternative prey or using both motor and oral appendages.In heterogeneous species,the loss of the major chelae may affect the selectivity of feeding.Autotomy can affect crustacean growth by reducing size increases at molting and altering the timing of ecdysis.In commercial production,removing chelicerae is an effective strategy to reduce cannibalism,and production of soft-shell crabs can be increased via autotomy.After autotomy,a new limb will regrow through regeneration and molting.This process involves the regulation of hormones,regrowth of nerves,and a number of signaling pathways that include the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and transforming growth factorβsignaling pathway.Crustaceans are somewhat different from vertebrates in terms of regeneration.This review provides theoretical guidance about autotomy and regeneration applied in artificial aquaculture,and we offer several suggestions for future research on autotomy and regeneration in crustaceans.
基金The Basic Research Funding Projects of Liaoning Provincial Education Department unde contract No.JYTMS20230498the State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem Open Project Fund of China unde contract No.202305+1 种基金the Research Foundation for Talented Scholars of Dalian Ocean University unde contract No.HDYJ202121the Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture(Dalian Ocean University)Ministry of Education Open Project Fund of China unde contract No.2021-MOEKLECA-KF-01。
文摘Aquaculture,as the fastest-growing food production sector in the world,is becoming an increasingly nonnegligible source of greenhouse gas emissions.Despite this,there has been limited research on nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emission from marine aquaculture in China,where more marine aquaculture occurs than anywhere else,globally.We estimated N_(2)O emissions(E)from marine mariculture of 10 fish and 6 crustacean species in China from 2003 to 2022 using production data from the China Fishery Statistical Yearbook(2004–2023),and data for feed conversion rates and types from the literature.From 2003,marine aquaculture production,the annual N_(2)O emissions(E_(A)),and the annual N_(2)O emissions per unit of aquaculture area(EI_(A))trend upward.The E_(A)of fish culture was lower than that of crustaceans,but the EI_(A)of fish culture was generally higher.Sea bass(0.308 Tg/a,in terms of N)and white shrimp(0.945 Tg/a,in terms of N)had the highest average E_(A)among fish and crustacean cultures,respectively.The highest average E_(A)from fish and crustacean were both Guangdong Province(fish:0.248 Tg,crustacean:0.547 Tg),and the highest sea area were both the South China Sea(fish:0.316 Tg,crustacean:1.082 Tg);the highest average EI_(A)for fish and crustacean were Tianjin City[35.40 t/(hm^(2)·a)]and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region[19.83 t/(hm^(2)·a)],respectively,and the highest sea areas were both the South China Sea(fish:0.316 Tg,crustacean:1.082 Tg).These analyses provide baseline data for a greenhouse gas emissions inventory for China,based on an interpretation of them,we provide recommendations for reducing N_(2)O emissions in marine fish and crustacean culture.
文摘In this paper,different kinds of enzymes,immune factors and regulatory factors of the immune system of crustaceans are summarized and then combed systematically and thoroughly. According to the mutual influence and effects of these factors,different symbolic forms are introduced to express the effects,and ultimately the whole node graph of the system is obtained. The graph theory can be used for further researches on the immune system of crustacean.
文摘The mechanisms of sex determination and the influence of exogenous factors on sex differentiation in crustacean were reviewed in the paper.Most of crustecea have not obviously sex chromosome.Androgenic gland was reported as the most important sex differentiation factors,implanting or cuting AG can change the sexal characterization of larval in crustacean.Although sex differentiation of crustacean is determined by gene,it is affected by exogenous factors such as parasite,photoperiod,temperature or hormone.Most cultured species have different body weight and length between male and female,this can be used in aquaculture to produce all male or female crusteceans to improve the production.
基金supported by the Jiangsu Province Science and Technology Development Project (Grant No. BN2010026)
文摘The biological characteristics of crustacean spermatozoa is important for the artificial reproduction and genetic breeding. With reference to the latest studies and related materials, this paper reviewed the research progress in the biological characteristics of crustacean spermatozoa, such as morphological structure of sperm, spermatogenesis, sperm viability, preservation in vitro and acrosome reaction et al. The prospects of the research field have also been anticipated.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31070387)the National Water Pollution Control and Management Technology Major Projects of China(No.2008ZC07105-005)
文摘The seasonal dynamics of a crustacean zooplankton community in Erhai Lake was investigated from May 2010 to April 2011. In total, 11 species were recorded, including six(6 genera) cladoceran and five(5 genera) copepod species. The crustacean zooplankton densities ranged from 24.3 to 155.4 ind./L. In winter and spring, the large-bodied cladoceran Daphnia galeata dominated the crustacean plankton community. In summer and autumn, when the colonial or filamentous algae dominated the phytoplankton communities, the small-bodied species(e.g. B osmina fatalis, Ceriodaphnia quadrangular, and Mesocyclops leuckarti) replaced the large-bodied ones. One-way ANOVA and redundancy analysis revealed that community structure was dependent upon total nitrogen, total phosphorus, water temperature, transparency, and the biomass of small algae. The variation in both phytoplankton structure and environmental variables were important factors in the seasonal succession of crustacean zooplankton structure in Erhai Lake.
基金Supported by the Special Scientific Research Funds for Central Non-Profit Institutes,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute(No.20603022013022)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(Nos.2011BAD13B02,2011BAD13B06)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2011CB409805)
文摘The amphipod crustacean Eogammarus sinensis has useful features that make it suitable for use in the aquaculture of fish and large decapod crustaceans.In this study,we investigated the effects of temperature and salinity on the development,fecundity,survival,and growth rate of E.sinensis.The results show that temperature significantly affected E.sinensis development,but salinity.As temperature increased,the duration of E.sinensis embryonic development decreased.Fecundity was affected significantly by temperature and the combination of temperature and salinity,but by salinity alone.In addition,high temperatures accelerated E.sinensis juvenile growth rates,whereas high salinity reduced it.Therefore,our data suggest that E.sinensis tolerates a wide range of salinities and that temperature has more significant effects than salinity on the embryonic development,fecundity,and growth of E.sinensis.Our results shall be useful for mass production of this species for use in aquaculture.
文摘Despite their key role as model organisms in many behavioral studies, crustacean decapods have been only slightly touched upon by the recent surge of scientific interest in animal personality. Only seven articles investigated the issue in a handful of species among hermit crabs, crabs, and crayfish. Obviously, a limited number of publications does not mean that personality is rare in decapods. On the contrary, few studies might be the result of a form of reluctance by behavioral ecologists to deal with such a phenomenon in these and other invertebrates. This reluctance contrasts with the enthusiasm shown in tackling the beha- vioral plasticity issue. Here we discuss the possible theoretical and methodological difficulties raised by applying the animal per-sonality perspective to decapods and analyze implications of personality studies for their ecology, conservation, and welfare. By highlighting gaps in knowledge and directions of future research, our intention is to increase scientific emphasis on the issue.
文摘The prerequisite for monosex culture is to elucidate the molecular mechanism of sex determination and differentiation in crustaceans, as well as to explore the key genes that play a role in this process. Monosex culture technology based on crustacean economic species is of great importance in terms of genetic breeding and economic benefits of aquaculture. As a result, study into the mechanisms of sex determination and differentiation in crustaceans not only contributes to the current absence of basic theories of crustacean sexual mechanism, but also encourages technical innovation in aquaculture to increase overall economic efficiency. This study synthesizes and evaluates available research on sex determination and differentiation in crustaceans, and then provides recommendations for future research objectives and priorities in the field.
基金The Key Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No. KZCX1_SW_12) and Chinese Postdoctoral Fundation(No.2003034392)
文摘Effects of Microcystis blooms on the crustacean plankton were studied using enclosure experiments during July-September, 2000. Eight enclosures were set in the hypereutrophic Donghu Lake. Different nutrient concentrations through additional nutrient and sediment in enclosures were expected to result in different abundance of Microcystis. From July to early August, the phytoplankton community was dominated by Chlorophyta, Cryptophyta, Bacillariophyta and Cyanophyta other than Microcystis aeruginosa. M. aeruginosa showed a rapid increase during early August in all enclosures and predominated. Crustacean plankton was dominated by the herbivorous Moina micrura, Diaphanosoma brachyurum and Ceriodaphnia cornuta, and the predaceous Mesocyclops sp. and Thermocyclops taihokuensis. During the pre-bloom period, the dynamics of M. micrura population appeared to be mainly affected by the predaceous cyclopoids. With the development of Microcystis blooms, such interaction between M. micrura and cyclopoids seemed weakened, especially when the Microcystis biomass was high. But there was no apparent influence on the interaction between Leptodora kindti and its zooplanktonic prey. The density of two cyclopoids decreased with the enhancement of Microcystis. The density decline of M. micrura was caused by both predation and inhibition by Microcystis. The low food availability of other edible phytoplankton during the blooms led to low densities of both C. cornuta and D. brachyurum by late August. It appears that dense Microcystis blooms exert strong negative effects on the herbivorous cladocerans and the predaceous cyclopoids.
基金Sponsored by the Major National S&T Program-Water Pollution and Governance(Grant No.2009ZX07423-003)
文摘To counter the mass reproduction and penetration of crustacean zooplankton in Biological Activated Carbon(BAC)filters which may result in the presence of organisms in potable water and water pollution,this paper analyzed the factors affecting organisms' reproduction in BAC filters.A comparative study was performed on the density and composition of crustacean zooplankton of the concerned water treatment units of two advanced water plants(Plant A and B)which with the same raw water and the same treatment technique in southern China.The results obtained show that the crustaceans' density and composition was very different between the sand filtered water of Plant A and Plant B.which Harpacticoida bred sharply in the sediment tanks and penetrated sand filter into BAC filters was the primary reason of crustaceans reproduce in BAC filters of Plant A.For prevention of the organisms reproduction in BAC,some strengthen measures was taken including pre-chlorination,cleaning coagulation tanks and sediment tanks completely,increasing sludge disposal frequency to stop organisms enter BAC filters,and the finished water quality was improved and enhanced.
文摘Homeobox genes have been discovered in many species. These genes are known to play a major role in specifying regional identity along the anterior-posterior axis of animals from a wide range of phyla.The products of the homeotic genes are a set of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that control elaborate developmental processes and specify cell fates in metazoans. Crustacean, presenting a variety of body plans not encountered in any other class or phylum of the Metazoa, has been shown to possess a single set of homologous Hox genes like insect. The ancestral crustacean Hox gene complex comprised ten genes: eight homologous to the hometic Hox genes and two related to nonhomeotic genes presented within the insect Hox complexes. The crustacean in particular exhibits an abundant diversity segment specialization and tagmosis. This morphological diversity relates to the Hox genes. In crustacean body plan, different Hox genes control different segments and tagmosis.
文摘The present investigation aims at unveiling the main causes of the recorded disparate phylogeographic patterning among the two highly dispersive coastal crab species Carcinus aestuarii and Pachygrapsus marmoratus in the Mediterranean Sea.For this purpose,available mitochondrial and nuclear data for both species were re-analyzed and investigated for genetic polymorphism and differentiation patterns across three defined geographic scales in their distribution ranges,but also across the same locations in the Mediterranean Sea.The temporal frame of genetic diversification was also determined for both species in order to check whether observed differences in phylogeographic patterns among these coastal decapods could be attributed to different evolutionary histories.The obtained results revealed a more variable and diversified gene pool in the green crab C.aestuarii than the one recorded in the marbled crab P.marmoratus.Lack of significant correlation between pairwise genetic dissimilarities observed among C.aestuarii populations and those detected for P.marmoratus was notably discerned across the same defined Mediterranean locations.This finding indicates that the pattern of pairwise genetic differentiation does not vary in the same way in both examined crab species.Significant outputs of population genetic differentiation,retrieved within both species,were shown to be differently associated with the potential effects of various kinds of isolation processes(related to geography,environment and biogeographic boundary).Evolutionary history reconstruction showed older genetic diversification event in C.aestuarii than the one recorded in P.marmoratus.These recorded temporal frames suggest different modes of genetic diversification in both crab species(glacial vicariance for C.aestuarii and interglacial dispersal for P.marmoratus).They may also provide an explanation for the recorded differences in variation of patterns of population genetic diversity and structure,when integrated with species ecological requirements and life-history traits.
