Background A lack of quantitative approaches in brace treatment exists for patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS).This study aimed to explore the effective application of corrective forces in treatment,thu...Background A lack of quantitative approaches in brace treatment exists for patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS).This study aimed to explore the effective application of corrective forces in treatment,thus developing a theoretical basis for quantitative corrective force in the treatment of scoliosis patients.Patients and Methods A total of 30 AIS patients undergoing scoliosis brace treatment were incorporated in the study.A force-sensing and data-acquisition system was employed to collect corrective force data during standardized movements performed by patients in different postures.Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 software with a significance level ofα=0.05.Results The cohort included 6 males(20%)and 24 females(80%),with a mean age of 14.53±1.43 years.The major curve locations were as follows:thoracic(26.67%),lumbar(56.67%),and thoracolumbar(16.67%).The mean brace treatment duration was 13.87±11.96 months.The initial Cobb angle was 32±5°,with a reduction of 8±6°post-treatment.There was a significant correlation between corrective forces in sitting and standing(P<0.001,R2=0.7093)and sitting/walking postures(P<0.001,R2=0.7751).A multiple linear regression identified gender,age,and Risser grade as key corrective strength factors.It was demonstrated that movement significantly affected corrective force.Conclusions This study quantified the corrective force in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients,revealing that a force exceeding 40 N is typically applied at the apex of the major curve.A prediction formula based on gender,age,Risser grade,and vertex position was established,which is expected to be guide the development of quantitative bracing protocols.展开更多
In real-time hybrid simulation（RTHS）, it is difficult if not impossible to completely erase the error in restoring force due to actuator response delay using existing displacement-based compensation methods. This pa...In real-time hybrid simulation（RTHS）, it is difficult if not impossible to completely erase the error in restoring force due to actuator response delay using existing displacement-based compensation methods. This paper proposes a new force correction method based on online discrete tangent stiffness estimation（online DTSE） to provide accurate online estimation of the instantaneous stiffness of the physical substructure. Following the discrete curve parameter recognition theory, the online DTSE method estimates the instantaneous stiffness mainly through adaptively building a fuzzy segment with the latest measurements, constructing several strict bounding lines of the segment and calculating the slope of the strict bounding lines, which significantly improves the calculation efficiency and accuracy for the instantaneous stiffness estimation. The results of both computational simulation and real-time hybrid simulation show that：（1） the online DTSE method has high calculation efficiency, of which the relatively short computation time will not interrupt RTHS; and（2） the online DTSE method provides better estimation for the instantaneous stiffness, compared with other existing estimation methods. Due to the quick and accurate estimation of instantaneous stiffness, the online DTSE method therefore provides a promising technique to correct restoring forces in RTHS.展开更多
Flow in tidal rivers periodically propagates upstream or downstream under tidal influence. Hydrodynamic models based on the Saint-Venant equations （the SVN model） are extensively used to model tidal rivers. A force-...Flow in tidal rivers periodically propagates upstream or downstream under tidal influence. Hydrodynamic models based on the Saint-Venant equations （the SVN model） are extensively used to model tidal rivers. A force-corrected term expressed as the combination of flow velocity and the change rate of the tidal fevel was developed to represent tidal effects in the SVN model. A momentum equation incorporating with the corrected term was derived based on Newton＇s second law. By combing the modified momentum equation with the continuity equation, an improved SVN model for tidal rivers （the ISVN model） was constructed. The simulation of a tidal reach of the Qiantang River shows that the ISVN model performs better than the SVN model. It indicates that the corrected force derived for tidal effects is reasonable; the ISVN model provides an appropriate enhancement of the SVN model for flow simulation of tidal rivers.展开更多
The elastic parameters of soft tissues are important for medical diagnosis and virtual surgery simulation. In this study, we propose a novel nonlinear parameter estimation method for soft tissues. Firstly, an in-house...The elastic parameters of soft tissues are important for medical diagnosis and virtual surgery simulation. In this study, we propose a novel nonlinear parameter estimation method for soft tissues. Firstly, an in-house data acquisition platform was used to obtain external forces and their corresponding deformation values, To provide highly precise data for estimating nonlinear param- eters, the measured forces were corrected using the constructed weighted combination forecasting model based on a support vector machine （WCFM_SVM）. Secondly, a tetrahedral finite element parameter estimation model was established to describe the physical characteristics of soft tissues, using the substitution parameters of Young＇s modulus and Poisson＇s ratio to avoid solving compli- cated nonlinear problems. To improve the robustness of our model and avoid poor local minima, the initial parameters solved by a linear finite element model were introduced into the parameter estimation model. Finally, a self-adapting Levenberg-Marquardt （LM） algorithm was presented, which is capable of adaptively adjusting iterative parameters to solve the established parameter estimation model. The maximum absolute error of our WCFM SVM model was less than 0.03 Newton, resulting in more accurate forces in comparison with other correction models tested. The maximum absolute error between the calculated and measured nodal displacements was less than 1.5 mm, demonstrating that our nonlinear parameters are precise.展开更多
基金supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L222018)the China Association for Science and Technology(KXYJS2024012)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A20672)the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-PUMCH-C-035).
文摘Background A lack of quantitative approaches in brace treatment exists for patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS).This study aimed to explore the effective application of corrective forces in treatment,thus developing a theoretical basis for quantitative corrective force in the treatment of scoliosis patients.Patients and Methods A total of 30 AIS patients undergoing scoliosis brace treatment were incorporated in the study.A force-sensing and data-acquisition system was employed to collect corrective force data during standardized movements performed by patients in different postures.Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 software with a significance level ofα=0.05.Results The cohort included 6 males(20%)and 24 females(80%),with a mean age of 14.53±1.43 years.The major curve locations were as follows:thoracic(26.67%),lumbar(56.67%),and thoracolumbar(16.67%).The mean brace treatment duration was 13.87±11.96 months.The initial Cobb angle was 32±5°,with a reduction of 8±6°post-treatment.There was a significant correlation between corrective forces in sitting and standing(P<0.001,R2=0.7093)and sitting/walking postures(P<0.001,R2=0.7751).A multiple linear regression identified gender,age,and Risser grade as key corrective strength factors.It was demonstrated that movement significantly affected corrective force.Conclusions This study quantified the corrective force in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients,revealing that a force exceeding 40 N is typically applied at the apex of the major curve.A prediction formula based on gender,age,Risser grade,and vertex position was established,which is expected to be guide the development of quantitative bracing protocols.
基金Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions under Grant No.1105007002National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.51378107 and No.51678147
文摘In real-time hybrid simulation（RTHS）, it is difficult if not impossible to completely erase the error in restoring force due to actuator response delay using existing displacement-based compensation methods. This paper proposes a new force correction method based on online discrete tangent stiffness estimation（online DTSE） to provide accurate online estimation of the instantaneous stiffness of the physical substructure. Following the discrete curve parameter recognition theory, the online DTSE method estimates the instantaneous stiffness mainly through adaptively building a fuzzy segment with the latest measurements, constructing several strict bounding lines of the segment and calculating the slope of the strict bounding lines, which significantly improves the calculation efficiency and accuracy for the instantaneous stiffness estimation. The results of both computational simulation and real-time hybrid simulation show that：（1） the online DTSE method has high calculation efficiency, of which the relatively short computation time will not interrupt RTHS; and（2） the online DTSE method provides better estimation for the instantaneous stiffness, compared with other existing estimation methods. Due to the quick and accurate estimation of instantaneous stiffness, the online DTSE method therefore provides a promising technique to correct restoring forces in RTHS.
基金supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China for the Eleventh Five-Year Plan Period (Grant No. 2008BAB29B08-02)the Program for the Ministry of Education and State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs of China (Grant No. B08408)
文摘Flow in tidal rivers periodically propagates upstream or downstream under tidal influence. Hydrodynamic models based on the Saint-Venant equations （the SVN model） are extensively used to model tidal rivers. A force-corrected term expressed as the combination of flow velocity and the change rate of the tidal fevel was developed to represent tidal effects in the SVN model. A momentum equation incorporating with the corrected term was derived based on Newton＇s second law. By combing the modified momentum equation with the continuity equation, an improved SVN model for tidal rivers （the ISVN model） was constructed. The simulation of a tidal reach of the Qiantang River shows that the ISVN model performs better than the SVN model. It indicates that the corrected force derived for tidal effects is reasonable; the ISVN model provides an appropriate enhancement of the SVN model for flow simulation of tidal rivers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.61373107)Wuhan Science and Technology Program, China (Grant No.2016010101010022)
文摘The elastic parameters of soft tissues are important for medical diagnosis and virtual surgery simulation. In this study, we propose a novel nonlinear parameter estimation method for soft tissues. Firstly, an in-house data acquisition platform was used to obtain external forces and their corresponding deformation values, To provide highly precise data for estimating nonlinear param- eters, the measured forces were corrected using the constructed weighted combination forecasting model based on a support vector machine （WCFM_SVM）. Secondly, a tetrahedral finite element parameter estimation model was established to describe the physical characteristics of soft tissues, using the substitution parameters of Young＇s modulus and Poisson＇s ratio to avoid solving compli- cated nonlinear problems. To improve the robustness of our model and avoid poor local minima, the initial parameters solved by a linear finite element model were introduced into the parameter estimation model. Finally, a self-adapting Levenberg-Marquardt （LM） algorithm was presented, which is capable of adaptively adjusting iterative parameters to solve the established parameter estimation model. The maximum absolute error of our WCFM SVM model was less than 0.03 Newton, resulting in more accurate forces in comparison with other correction models tested. The maximum absolute error between the calculated and measured nodal displacements was less than 1.5 mm, demonstrating that our nonlinear parameters are precise.
