Context-Sensitive Task(CST)is a complex task type in crowdsourc-ing,such as handwriting recognition,route plan,and audio transcription.The current result inference algorithms can perform well in simple crowd-sourcing ...Context-Sensitive Task(CST)is a complex task type in crowdsourc-ing,such as handwriting recognition,route plan,and audio transcription.The current result inference algorithms can perform well in simple crowd-sourcing tasks,but cannot obtain high-quality inference results for CSTs.The conventional method to solve CSTs is to divide a CST into multiple independent simple subtasks for crowdsourcing,but this method ignores the context correlation among subtasks and reduces the quality of result inference.To solve this problem,we propose a result inference algorithm based on the Partially ordered set and Tree augmented naive Bayes Infer(P&T-Inf)for CSTs.Firstly,we screen the candidate results of context-sensitive tasks based on the partially ordered set.If there are parallel candidate sets,the conditional mutual information among subtasks containing context infor-mation in external knowledge(such as Google n-gram corpus,American Contemporary English corpus,etc.)will be calculated.Combined with the tree augmented naive(TAN)Bayes model,the maximum weighted spanning tree is used to model the dependencies among subtasks in each CST.We collect two crowdsourcing datasets of handwriting recognition tasks and audio transcription tasks from the real crowdsourcing platform.The experimental results show that our approach improves the quality of result inference in CSTs and reduces the time cost compared with the latest methods.展开更多
Mobile Edge Computing(MEC)has become the most possible network architecture to realize the vision of interconnection of all things.By offloading compute-intensive or latency-sensitive applications to nearby small cell...Mobile Edge Computing(MEC)has become the most possible network architecture to realize the vision of interconnection of all things.By offloading compute-intensive or latency-sensitive applications to nearby small cell base stations(sBSs),the execution latency and device power consumption can be reduced on resource-constrained mobile devices.However,computation delay of Mobile Edge Network(MEN)tasks are neglected while the unloading decision-making is studied in depth.In this paper,we propose a workload allocation scheme which combines the task allocation optimization of mobile edge network with the actual user behavior activities to predict the task allocation of single user.We obtain the next possible location through the user's past location information,and receive the next access server according to the grid matrix.Furthermore,the next time task sequence is calculated on the base of the historical time task sequence,and the server is chosen to preload the task.In the experiments,the results demonstrate a high accuracy of our proposed model.展开更多
This paper deals with a case study of a context-sensitive solution of the Jamestown Corridor, located along James City County and the City of Williamsburg in Virginia. The corridor is an important passageway to many t...This paper deals with a case study of a context-sensitive solution of the Jamestown Corridor, located along James City County and the City of Williamsburg in Virginia. The corridor is an important passageway to many tourist attractions in the Historic Triangle of Hampton Roads. During the improvement process, the project should minimize the congestions impacts, maximize convenience, safety and reliability of the surrounding transportation systems, minimize social impact to the local community and address long-term capacity issues. Through the project, the agencies involved learned that projects near any of the historic resources must be context-sensitive and should include all stakeholders early and often to make sure that a comprehensive schedule was developed. They also learned that time should be considered for review and input from key regional stakeholders for a variety of issues.展开更多
The article studies the interrelation of Languages of Colored Petri Nets and Traditional formal languages. The author constructed the graph of Colored Petri Net, which generates L* Context-free language. This language...The article studies the interrelation of Languages of Colored Petri Nets and Traditional formal languages. The author constructed the graph of Colored Petri Net, which generates L* Context-free language. This language may not be modeled using standard Petri Nets [1]. The Venn graph and diagram that the author modified [1], show the interrelation between languages of Colored Petri Nets and some Traditional languages. Thus the class of languages of Colored Petri Nets is supposed to include an entire class of Context-free languages.展开更多
The paperfocuses on an analysis of the results of long-term monitoring of the concentrations of 137Cs, 90Sr and 3H in hydrosphere in the vicinity of Temelín Nuclear Power Plant (Temelín plant). The radionucl...The paperfocuses on an analysis of the results of long-term monitoring of the concentrations of 137Cs, 90Sr and 3H in hydrosphere in the vicinity of Temelín Nuclear Power Plant (Temelín plant). The radionuclides were monitored in surface water, river sediments, aquatic flora and fish species. The main objective of the study was to analyze and integrate all of the knowledge on concentrations and behaviour of these radionuclides, which originate mainly from residual contamination, in order to assess the impacts of Temelín Nuclear Power Plant on hydrosphere in these indicators during its standard operation and possible accidents. The radionuclides were analyzed in terms of spatial and temporal variability in their concentrations and their inflows and outflows, mainly into and from Orlík Reservoir. The analysis included standard radioecological characteristics, which were applicable for assessing long-term development and behavior of radionuclides in the environment affected by their possible accidental releases on the territory of the Czech Republic or outside this territory. For all of the components of the environment, the concentrations of 137Cs and 90Sr which were used for calculation of their effective and ecological half-time, were decreasing. For 137Cs in surface water and fish, the rates of the decrease in the first and second monitoring period were different. The rate of the decrease in 90Sr concentration was invariable. The results of the monitoring showed that 86% of suspended solids and 62% of 137Cs inflowing into Orlík Reservoir accumulated in the reservoir while accumulation of 90Sr was not substantiated. Outflows of 137Cs and 90Sr activities were assessed in relation to their concentrations that were accumulated in individual basins until 1986 consequently to Chernobyl accident and tests of atmospheric nuclear weapons. The results for the whole area of the Vltava, Luznice and Otava River basins upstream from the Vltava River at Solenice showed that during the period 1986-2013 only 0.49% of 137Cs activity and 3.6% of 90Sr activity that accumulated in the basins were washed and flowed out from the area. Distribution coefficients derived from summary analysis of sediments and concentration factors for biota were calculated. Concentrations of 3H in river sites not affected by Temelín plant were slowly decreasing and their values were substantially below those from the sites affected by the plant.展开更多
Forest grammar,a new type of high-dimensional grammar,is proposed in this paper,of which both the left and the right parts of every production are concatenations of tree structures.A classification of forest grammar i...Forest grammar,a new type of high-dimensional grammar,is proposed in this paper,of which both the left and the right parts of every production are concatenations of tree structures.A classification of forest grammar is studied,especially,a subclass of the forest grammar,i.e.the context-sensitive forest grammar,and one of its subclasses is defined,called the weak precedence forest grammar.展开更多
The syntactic parsing algorithm of weak precedence forest grammar has been introduced and the correctness and unambiguity of this algorithm have been proved. An example is given to the syntactic parsing procedure of w...The syntactic parsing algorithm of weak precedence forest grammar has been introduced and the correctness and unambiguity of this algorithm have been proved. An example is given to the syntactic parsing procedure of weak precedence forest grammar.展开更多
Story understanding is one of the important branches of natural languageunderstanding research in AI techlliques. The story understanding approachbased on Story Parsing Grammar (SPG) involves that SPG is used to rep-r...Story understanding is one of the important branches of natural languageunderstanding research in AI techlliques. The story understanding approachbased on Story Parsing Grammar (SPG) involves that SPG is used to rep-resent different abstracting processes of stories with different levels in storyunderstanding and that the story understanding process is converted to therecognition process of stories using the syntactic parser of SPG. This kind ofstory understanding is cal1ed story parsing. In this paper, firstly a subclassof SPG, called Weak Precedence SPG (WPSPG), is defined. Afterwards thesyntactic parsing algorithm of WPSPG is studied. An example of story parsingis also given.展开更多
Points-to analysis is a static code analysis tech- nique that establishes the relationships between variables of references and allocated objects. A number of points-to analysis algorithms have been proposed for proce...Points-to analysis is a static code analysis tech- nique that establishes the relationships between variables of references and allocated objects. A number of points-to analysis algorithms have been proposed for procedural and object-oriented languages like C and Java, while few of them can be used for AspectJ as we know so far. One main rea- son is that Aspect/is an aspect-oriented language which im- plements the separation of crosscutting concerns by advices, pointcuts, and inter-type declarations, while a points-to anal- ysis of AspectJ programs may be imprecise because any as- pect woven into the base code may change the points-to rela- tions in the program and thus a conservative analysis has to be taken in order to handle the aspects. In this paper, we pro- pose a context-sensitive points-to analysis technique called AJPoints for AspectJ. Similar to the weaving mechanism for AspectJ, AJPoints obtains the constraints and templates on the points-to relations for the base code and the aspects, re- spectively, but weaves and solves them in an iterative manner in order to cross the boundary between the base code and the aspects. We have implemented AJPoints on abc AspectJ compiler and evaluated it by using twelve AspectJ benchmark programs. The experimental can achieve a high precision pectJ programs. results show that our technique about points-to relations in As-展开更多
Story understanding is one of the important branches of natural language under-standing research in AI techniques. A new approach to story understanding is proposedin this paper. The so-called Story Parsing Grammar (S...Story understanding is one of the important branches of natural language under-standing research in AI techniques. A new approach to story understanding is proposedin this paper. The so-called Story Parsing Grammar (SPG) is used to represent thestory abstracting processes with different degrees in story understanding, and the storyunderstanding process is converted to the story recognizing process done by the syn-tactic parser of SPG. This kind of story understanding is called story parsing. In thispaper, firstly, a survey of story understanding research is given. Secondly, by the clas-sification of various kinds of story structures, the so-called Case Frame Forest (CFF) isproposed to represent the superficial meaning of story. Based on CFF, a high- dimen-sional grammar, called Forest Grammar (FG), is defined. Furthermore, SPG is definedas a subclass of context-sensitive FG. Considering the context-sensitivity of story con-tent, a type of context-sensitive derivation is defined in the definition of SPG. Lastly,data about runtime efficiency of the syntactic parsing algorithm of weak precedenceSPG, a subclass of SPG, are given and analysed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Social Science Fund of China(Grant No.22BTQ033).
文摘Context-Sensitive Task(CST)is a complex task type in crowdsourc-ing,such as handwriting recognition,route plan,and audio transcription.The current result inference algorithms can perform well in simple crowd-sourcing tasks,but cannot obtain high-quality inference results for CSTs.The conventional method to solve CSTs is to divide a CST into multiple independent simple subtasks for crowdsourcing,but this method ignores the context correlation among subtasks and reduces the quality of result inference.To solve this problem,we propose a result inference algorithm based on the Partially ordered set and Tree augmented naive Bayes Infer(P&T-Inf)for CSTs.Firstly,we screen the candidate results of context-sensitive tasks based on the partially ordered set.If there are parallel candidate sets,the conditional mutual information among subtasks containing context infor-mation in external knowledge(such as Google n-gram corpus,American Contemporary English corpus,etc.)will be calculated.Combined with the tree augmented naive(TAN)Bayes model,the maximum weighted spanning tree is used to model the dependencies among subtasks in each CST.We collect two crowdsourcing datasets of handwriting recognition tasks and audio transcription tasks from the real crowdsourcing platform.The experimental results show that our approach improves the quality of result inference in CSTs and reduces the time cost compared with the latest methods.
基金This work is supported by the CETC Joint Advanced Research Foundation(No.6141B08020101)Major Special Science and Technology Project of Hainan Province(No.ZDKJ2019008).
文摘Mobile Edge Computing(MEC)has become the most possible network architecture to realize the vision of interconnection of all things.By offloading compute-intensive or latency-sensitive applications to nearby small cell base stations(sBSs),the execution latency and device power consumption can be reduced on resource-constrained mobile devices.However,computation delay of Mobile Edge Network(MEN)tasks are neglected while the unloading decision-making is studied in depth.In this paper,we propose a workload allocation scheme which combines the task allocation optimization of mobile edge network with the actual user behavior activities to predict the task allocation of single user.We obtain the next possible location through the user's past location information,and receive the next access server according to the grid matrix.Furthermore,the next time task sequence is calculated on the base of the historical time task sequence,and the server is chosen to preload the task.In the experiments,the results demonstrate a high accuracy of our proposed model.
文摘This paper deals with a case study of a context-sensitive solution of the Jamestown Corridor, located along James City County and the City of Williamsburg in Virginia. The corridor is an important passageway to many tourist attractions in the Historic Triangle of Hampton Roads. During the improvement process, the project should minimize the congestions impacts, maximize convenience, safety and reliability of the surrounding transportation systems, minimize social impact to the local community and address long-term capacity issues. Through the project, the agencies involved learned that projects near any of the historic resources must be context-sensitive and should include all stakeholders early and often to make sure that a comprehensive schedule was developed. They also learned that time should be considered for review and input from key regional stakeholders for a variety of issues.
文摘The article studies the interrelation of Languages of Colored Petri Nets and Traditional formal languages. The author constructed the graph of Colored Petri Net, which generates L* Context-free language. This language may not be modeled using standard Petri Nets [1]. The Venn graph and diagram that the author modified [1], show the interrelation between languages of Colored Petri Nets and some Traditional languages. Thus the class of languages of Colored Petri Nets is supposed to include an entire class of Context-free languages.
基金support of the project Czech Electric Company No.90002551
文摘The paperfocuses on an analysis of the results of long-term monitoring of the concentrations of 137Cs, 90Sr and 3H in hydrosphere in the vicinity of Temelín Nuclear Power Plant (Temelín plant). The radionuclides were monitored in surface water, river sediments, aquatic flora and fish species. The main objective of the study was to analyze and integrate all of the knowledge on concentrations and behaviour of these radionuclides, which originate mainly from residual contamination, in order to assess the impacts of Temelín Nuclear Power Plant on hydrosphere in these indicators during its standard operation and possible accidents. The radionuclides were analyzed in terms of spatial and temporal variability in their concentrations and their inflows and outflows, mainly into and from Orlík Reservoir. The analysis included standard radioecological characteristics, which were applicable for assessing long-term development and behavior of radionuclides in the environment affected by their possible accidental releases on the territory of the Czech Republic or outside this territory. For all of the components of the environment, the concentrations of 137Cs and 90Sr which were used for calculation of their effective and ecological half-time, were decreasing. For 137Cs in surface water and fish, the rates of the decrease in the first and second monitoring period were different. The rate of the decrease in 90Sr concentration was invariable. The results of the monitoring showed that 86% of suspended solids and 62% of 137Cs inflowing into Orlík Reservoir accumulated in the reservoir while accumulation of 90Sr was not substantiated. Outflows of 137Cs and 90Sr activities were assessed in relation to their concentrations that were accumulated in individual basins until 1986 consequently to Chernobyl accident and tests of atmospheric nuclear weapons. The results for the whole area of the Vltava, Luznice and Otava River basins upstream from the Vltava River at Solenice showed that during the period 1986-2013 only 0.49% of 137Cs activity and 3.6% of 90Sr activity that accumulated in the basins were washed and flowed out from the area. Distribution coefficients derived from summary analysis of sediments and concentration factors for biota were calculated. Concentrations of 3H in river sites not affected by Temelín plant were slowly decreasing and their values were substantially below those from the sites affected by the plant.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Forest grammar,a new type of high-dimensional grammar,is proposed in this paper,of which both the left and the right parts of every production are concatenations of tree structures.A classification of forest grammar is studied,especially,a subclass of the forest grammar,i.e.the context-sensitive forest grammar,and one of its subclasses is defined,called the weak precedence forest grammar.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The syntactic parsing algorithm of weak precedence forest grammar has been introduced and the correctness and unambiguity of this algorithm have been proved. An example is given to the syntactic parsing procedure of weak precedence forest grammar.
文摘Story understanding is one of the important branches of natural languageunderstanding research in AI techlliques. The story understanding approachbased on Story Parsing Grammar (SPG) involves that SPG is used to rep-resent different abstracting processes of stories with different levels in storyunderstanding and that the story understanding process is converted to therecognition process of stories using the syntactic parser of SPG. This kind ofstory understanding is cal1ed story parsing. In this paper, firstly a subclassof SPG, called Weak Precedence SPG (WPSPG), is defined. Afterwards thesyntactic parsing algorithm of WPSPG is studied. An example of story parsingis also given.
文摘Points-to analysis is a static code analysis tech- nique that establishes the relationships between variables of references and allocated objects. A number of points-to analysis algorithms have been proposed for procedural and object-oriented languages like C and Java, while few of them can be used for AspectJ as we know so far. One main rea- son is that Aspect/is an aspect-oriented language which im- plements the separation of crosscutting concerns by advices, pointcuts, and inter-type declarations, while a points-to anal- ysis of AspectJ programs may be imprecise because any as- pect woven into the base code may change the points-to rela- tions in the program and thus a conservative analysis has to be taken in order to handle the aspects. In this paper, we pro- pose a context-sensitive points-to analysis technique called AJPoints for AspectJ. Similar to the weaving mechanism for AspectJ, AJPoints obtains the constraints and templates on the points-to relations for the base code and the aspects, re- spectively, but weaves and solves them in an iterative manner in order to cross the boundary between the base code and the aspects. We have implemented AJPoints on abc AspectJ compiler and evaluated it by using twelve AspectJ benchmark programs. The experimental can achieve a high precision pectJ programs. results show that our technique about points-to relations in As-
文摘Story understanding is one of the important branches of natural language under-standing research in AI techniques. A new approach to story understanding is proposedin this paper. The so-called Story Parsing Grammar (SPG) is used to represent thestory abstracting processes with different degrees in story understanding, and the storyunderstanding process is converted to the story recognizing process done by the syn-tactic parser of SPG. This kind of story understanding is called story parsing. In thispaper, firstly, a survey of story understanding research is given. Secondly, by the clas-sification of various kinds of story structures, the so-called Case Frame Forest (CFF) isproposed to represent the superficial meaning of story. Based on CFF, a high- dimen-sional grammar, called Forest Grammar (FG), is defined. Furthermore, SPG is definedas a subclass of context-sensitive FG. Considering the context-sensitivity of story con-tent, a type of context-sensitive derivation is defined in the definition of SPG. Lastly,data about runtime efficiency of the syntactic parsing algorithm of weak precedenceSPG, a subclass of SPG, are given and analysed.
