This study concerns a Ka-band solid-state transmitter cloud radar, made in China, which can operate in three different work modes, with different pulse widths, and coherent and incoherent integration numbers, to meet ...This study concerns a Ka-band solid-state transmitter cloud radar, made in China, which can operate in three different work modes, with different pulse widths, and coherent and incoherent integration numbers, to meet the requirements for cloud remote sensing over the Tibetan Plateau. Specifically, the design of the three operational modes of the radar（i.e., boundary mode M1, cirrus mode M2, and precipitation mode M3） is introduced. Also, a cloud radar data merging algorithm for the three modes is proposed. Using one month＇s continuous measurements during summertime at Naqu on the Tibetan Plateau,we analyzed the consistency between the cloud radar measurements of the three modes. The number of occurrences of radar detections of hydrometeors and the percentage contributions of the different modes＇ data to the merged data were estimated.The performance of the merging algorithm was evaluated. The results indicated that the minimum detectable reflectivity for each mode was consistent with theoretical results. Merged data provided measurements with a minimum reflectivity of -35 dBZ at the height of 5 km, and obtained information above the height of 0.2 km. Measurements of radial velocity by the three operational modes agreed very well, and systematic errors in measurements of reflectivity were less than 2 dB. However,large discrepancies existed in the measurements of the linear depolarization ratio taken from the different operational modes.The percentage of radar detections of hydrometeors in mid- and high-level clouds increased by 60% through application of pulse compression techniques. In conclusion, the merged data are appropriate for cloud and precipitation studies over the Tibetan Plateau.展开更多
Surface miner, a continuous mining machine, is being manufactured in India and abroad owing to enhanced demand of production in various mining industries like coal, limestone, gypsum, bauxite etc. Different types of s...Surface miner, a continuous mining machine, is being manufactured in India and abroad owing to enhanced demand of production in various mining industries like coal, limestone, gypsum, bauxite etc. Different types of surface miners are manufactured today based on cutting drum placement and design specifications. Selective mining without drilling and blasting, high production and small size products are some of the prominent attractive features obtained with these moving marvels. This machine can be used with good efficiency in soft to medium hard rock (100-120 MPa). This paper synthesizes the different applications, equipment models, features offered, operating methods, cutting performance assessment models as well as typical production performance of surface miner in coal and limestone mines of India. Engine hour metre reading, diesel and pick consumptions are linearly influenced by production. The emphasis for future research is also brought out.展开更多
Let H^2(D^2)be the Hardy space over the bidisk D^2,and let Mψ,φ=[(ψ(z)-φ(w))^2]be the submodule generated by(ψ(z)-φ(w))2,whereψ(z)andφ(w)are nonconstant inner functions.The related quotient module is denoted b...Let H^2(D^2)be the Hardy space over the bidisk D^2,and let Mψ,φ=[(ψ(z)-φ(w))^2]be the submodule generated by(ψ(z)-φ(w))2,whereψ(z)andφ(w)are nonconstant inner functions.The related quotient module is denoted by Nψ,φ=H^2(D^2)ΘMψ,φ.In this paper,we give a complete characterization for the essential normality of Nψ,φ.In particular,ifψ(z)=z,we simply write Mψ,φand Nψ,φas Mφand Nφrespectively.This paper also studies compactness of evaluation operators L(0)|Nφand R(0)|Nφ,essential spectrum of compression operator Sz on Nφ,essential normality of compression operators Sz and Sw on Nφ.展开更多
Let H^(2)(D^(2))be the Hardy space over the bidisk D^(2),and let M_(φ)=[(z-φ(w))^(2)]be the submodule generated by(z-φ(w))^(2),whereφ(w)is a function in H∞(w).The related quotient module is denoted by N_(φ)=H^(2...Let H^(2)(D^(2))be the Hardy space over the bidisk D^(2),and let M_(φ)=[(z-φ(w))^(2)]be the submodule generated by(z-φ(w))^(2),whereφ(w)is a function in H∞(w).The related quotient module is denoted by N_(φ)=H^(2)(D^(2))ΘM_(φ).In the present paper,we study the Fredholmness of compression operators S_(z),S_(w) on N_(φ).Whenφ(w)is a nonconstant inner function,we prove that the Beurling type theorem holds for the fringe operator F_(w) on[(z-w)^(2)]Θz[(z-w)^(2)]and the Beurling type theorem holds for the fringe operator Fz on M_(φ)ΘwM_(φ)ifφ(0)=0.Lastly,we study some properties of F_(w) on[(z-w^(2))^(2)]Θz[(z-w^(2))^(2)].展开更多
基金funded by the National Sciences Foundation of China(Grant No.91337103)the China Meteorological Administration Special Public Welfare Research Fund(Grant No.GYHY201406001)
文摘This study concerns a Ka-band solid-state transmitter cloud radar, made in China, which can operate in three different work modes, with different pulse widths, and coherent and incoherent integration numbers, to meet the requirements for cloud remote sensing over the Tibetan Plateau. Specifically, the design of the three operational modes of the radar（i.e., boundary mode M1, cirrus mode M2, and precipitation mode M3） is introduced. Also, a cloud radar data merging algorithm for the three modes is proposed. Using one month＇s continuous measurements during summertime at Naqu on the Tibetan Plateau,we analyzed the consistency between the cloud radar measurements of the three modes. The number of occurrences of radar detections of hydrometeors and the percentage contributions of the different modes＇ data to the merged data were estimated.The performance of the merging algorithm was evaluated. The results indicated that the minimum detectable reflectivity for each mode was consistent with theoretical results. Merged data provided measurements with a minimum reflectivity of -35 dBZ at the height of 5 km, and obtained information above the height of 0.2 km. Measurements of radial velocity by the three operational modes agreed very well, and systematic errors in measurements of reflectivity were less than 2 dB. However,large discrepancies existed in the measurements of the linear depolarization ratio taken from the different operational modes.The percentage of radar detections of hydrometeors in mid- and high-level clouds increased by 60% through application of pulse compression techniques. In conclusion, the merged data are appropriate for cloud and precipitation studies over the Tibetan Plateau.
文摘Surface miner, a continuous mining machine, is being manufactured in India and abroad owing to enhanced demand of production in various mining industries like coal, limestone, gypsum, bauxite etc. Different types of surface miners are manufactured today based on cutting drum placement and design specifications. Selective mining without drilling and blasting, high production and small size products are some of the prominent attractive features obtained with these moving marvels. This machine can be used with good efficiency in soft to medium hard rock (100-120 MPa). This paper synthesizes the different applications, equipment models, features offered, operating methods, cutting performance assessment models as well as typical production performance of surface miner in coal and limestone mines of India. Engine hour metre reading, diesel and pick consumptions are linearly influenced by production. The emphasis for future research is also brought out.
文摘Let H^2(D^2)be the Hardy space over the bidisk D^2,and let Mψ,φ=[(ψ(z)-φ(w))^2]be the submodule generated by(ψ(z)-φ(w))2,whereψ(z)andφ(w)are nonconstant inner functions.The related quotient module is denoted by Nψ,φ=H^2(D^2)ΘMψ,φ.In this paper,we give a complete characterization for the essential normality of Nψ,φ.In particular,ifψ(z)=z,we simply write Mψ,φand Nψ,φas Mφand Nφrespectively.This paper also studies compactness of evaluation operators L(0)|Nφand R(0)|Nφ,essential spectrum of compression operator Sz on Nφ,essential normality of compression operators Sz and Sw on Nφ.
文摘Let H^(2)(D^(2))be the Hardy space over the bidisk D^(2),and let M_(φ)=[(z-φ(w))^(2)]be the submodule generated by(z-φ(w))^(2),whereφ(w)is a function in H∞(w).The related quotient module is denoted by N_(φ)=H^(2)(D^(2))ΘM_(φ).In the present paper,we study the Fredholmness of compression operators S_(z),S_(w) on N_(φ).Whenφ(w)is a nonconstant inner function,we prove that the Beurling type theorem holds for the fringe operator F_(w) on[(z-w)^(2)]Θz[(z-w)^(2)]and the Beurling type theorem holds for the fringe operator Fz on M_(φ)ΘwM_(φ)ifφ(0)=0.Lastly,we study some properties of F_(w) on[(z-w^(2))^(2)]Θz[(z-w^(2))^(2)].
