Dear Editor,We present a case of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy(AZOOR)complex in a myopic patient with angioid streaks(ASs).A 19-year-old female has been experiencing visual field defects in her left eye for mor...Dear Editor,We present a case of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy(AZOOR)complex in a myopic patient with angioid streaks(ASs).A 19-year-old female has been experiencing visual field defects in her left eye for more than 3y.She was diagnosed with ASs and choroiditis at a local hospital.She has a seven-year history of bilateral high myopia.A fundus examination confirmed the presence of ASs and myopic fundus changes in both eyes.Multimodal imaging revealed an AZOOR complex in the left eye.展开更多
Complex trimalleolar ankle fractures are a major orthopaedic challenge,with an incidence of 4.22 per 10000 person-years in the United States and an annual cost of 3.4 billion dollars.This review synthesizes current ev...Complex trimalleolar ankle fractures are a major orthopaedic challenge,with an incidence of 4.22 per 10000 person-years in the United States and an annual cost of 3.4 billion dollars.This review synthesizes current evidence on diagnostic protocols and management strategies,highlighting optimal approaches and emerging trends.Initial care emphasizes soft tissue assessment,often guided by the Tscherne classification,and fracture classification systems.External fixation may be required in open injuries,while early open reduction and internal fixation within six days is linked to improved outcomes.Minimally invasive techniques for the lateral malleolus,including intramedullary nailing and locking plates,are effective,while medial malleolus fractures are commonly managed with screw fixation or tension-band wiring.Posterior malleolus fragments involving more than 25%of the articular surface usually warrant fixation.Alternatives to syndesmotic screws,such as cortical buttons or high-strength sutures,reduce the need for secondary procedures.Arthroscopic-assisted open reduction and internal fixation benefits younger,active patients by enabling concurrent management of intra-articular and ligamentous injuries.Postoperative care prioritizes early weight-bearing and validated functional scores.Despite advances,complications remain common,and further research is needed to refine surgical strategies and improve outcomes.展开更多
The suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus is the master circadian clock in mammals,coordinating physiological processes with the 24-hour day–night cycle.Comprising various cell types,the suprachiasmatic nucleus...The suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus is the master circadian clock in mammals,coordinating physiological processes with the 24-hour day–night cycle.Comprising various cell types,the suprachiasmatic nucleus(SCN)integrates environmental signals to maintain complex and robust circadian rhythms.Understanding the complexity and synchrony within SCN neurons is essential for effective circadian clock function.Synchrony involves coordinated neuronal firing for robust rhythms,while complexity reflects diverse activity patterns and interactions,indicating adaptability.Interestingly,the SCN retains circadian rhythms in vitro,demonstrating intrinsic rhythmicity.This study introduces the multiscale structural complexity method to analyze changes in SCN neuronal activity and complexity at macro and micro levels,based on Bagrov et al.’s approach.By examining structural complexity and local complexities across scales,we aim to understand how tetrodotoxin,a neurotoxin that inhibits action potentials,affects SCN neurons.Our method captures critical scales in neuronal interactions that traditional methods may overlook.Validation with the Goodwin model confirms the reliability of our observations.By integrating experimental data with theoretical models,this study provides new insights into the effects of tetrodotoxin(TTX)on neuronal complexities,contributing to the understanding of circadian rhythms.展开更多
Complex evidence theory is a generalized Dempster-Shafer evidence theory,which has the ability to express uncertain information.One of the key issues is the uncertainty measure of Complex Basic Belief Assignment(CBBA)...Complex evidence theory is a generalized Dempster-Shafer evidence theory,which has the ability to express uncertain information.One of the key issues is the uncertainty measure of Complex Basic Belief Assignment(CBBA).However,the research on the uncertainty measure of complex evidence theory is still an open issue.Therefore,in this paper,first,the Fractal-based Complex Belief(FCB)entropy as a generalization of Fractal-based Belief(FB)entropy,which has superiority in uncertainty measurement of CBBA,is proposed.Second,on the basis of FCB entropy,we propose Fractal-based Supremum Complex Belief(FSCB)entropy and Fractal-based Infimum Complex Belief(FICB)entropy,with FSCB entropy as the upper bound and FICB entropy as the lower bound.They are collectively called the proposed FCB entropy.Furthermore,we analyze the properties,physical interpretation and numerical examples to prove the rationality of the proposed method.Finally,a practical information fusion application is proposed to prove that the proposed FCB entropy can reasonably measure the uncertainty of CBBA.The results show that,the proposed FCB entropy can handle the uncertainty measure of CBBA,which can be a reasonable way for uncertainty measure in complex evidence theory.展开更多
The ability to accurately simulate the time evolu-tion of quantum systems stands as a cornerstone of modern molecular science.It provides the essential mechanistic bridge between a system’s microscopic structure and ...The ability to accurately simulate the time evolu-tion of quantum systems stands as a cornerstone of modern molecular science.It provides the essential mechanistic bridge between a system’s microscopic structure and its macroscopic function,a challenge first envisioned by Feynman.The central difficulty,and the unifying theme of this Special Topic,is the problem of“complexity”:a multifaceted challenge arising from the interplay of strongly coupled electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom,quantum statistics,and the non-trivial,often non-Markovian,memory effects exerted by a surrounding environment.展开更多
A novel double-stranded trinuclear bis(tridipyrrin)zinc(Ⅱ)complex,constructed from a linearπ-conjugated tridipyrrin ligand,was synthesized and characterized.The complex featuring six directly linked dipyrrin units e...A novel double-stranded trinuclear bis(tridipyrrin)zinc(Ⅱ)complex,constructed from a linearπ-conjugated tridipyrrin ligand,was synthesized and characterized.The complex featuring six directly linked dipyrrin units exhibits a stable double-helical structure with two non-superimposable P and M enantiomers,as confirmed by X-ray crystallography.Chirality was further demonstrated through HPLC separation and mirror-image circular dichroism(CD)spectra.The complex shows strong near-infrared(NIR)absorption and excellent solubility in various solvents,attributed to its sterically hindered structure.Spectroscopic,electrochemical,and theoretical studies revealed its unique electronic properties and redox behavior.This work advances the design of chiral NIR-active metallo-supramolecular systems and highlights potential applications in chiroptical mateials.展开更多
Sensitization of metal-centered forbidden transitions is of great significance.Solid MnII-based phosphors with d-d forbidden transition sensitized by CeIIIwith d-f allowed transition are promising light conversion mat...Sensitization of metal-centered forbidden transitions is of great significance.Solid MnII-based phosphors with d-d forbidden transition sensitized by CeIIIwith d-f allowed transition are promising light conversion materials,but the energy transfer mechanism in CeIII-MnIIis still in dispute for the uncertainty of distances between metal centers.Herein,for the first time,we explored the energy transfer mechanism in two well-designed luminescent heteronuclear complexes with clear crystal structures,i.e.,Ce-N8-Mn and Ce-N2O6-Mn(N8=1,4,7,10,13,16,21,24-octaazabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane;N2O6=4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxa-1,10-diazabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane).Short distances between metal centers facilitate efficient energy transfer from CeIIIto MnIIin both complexes,resulting in high photoluminescence quantum yield up to unity.After systematic study of the two heteronuclear complexes as well as two reference complexes Ce(N8)Br3and Ce(N2O6)Br3,we concluded that dipole-quadrupole interaction is the dominant energy transfer mechanism in the heteronuclear complexes.展开更多
Objectives:Lung cancer represents a major global healthcare challenge,characterized by high annual incidence and mortality rates worldwide.Although targeted therapies for lung cancer have advanced,treatment outcomes f...Objectives:Lung cancer represents a major global healthcare challenge,characterized by high annual incidence and mortality rates worldwide.Although targeted therapies for lung cancer have advanced,treatment outcomes for advanced-stage patients remain suboptimal.This investigation examines the role of the translocase of the inner mitochondrial membrane(TIMM)8A-TIMM13 complex in lung cancer and evaluates its potential as a novel therapeutic target.Methods:A co-immunoprecipitation(Co-IP)assay was conducted to verify the interaction between TIMM8A and TIMM13.Differential gene expression analysis of TIMM8A or TIMM13 was executed using the TNMplot database,with survival estimates derived from the Kaplan-Meier plotter.Lung cancer cell proliferation was evaluated through Cell Counting Kit 8(CCK-8)and colony formation assays,while cell migration was assessed via Transwell assay.RNA sequencing identified the downstream effectors of TIMM13.RNAi technology facilitated the inhibition of TIMM8A or TIMM13 expression,which was measured through immunoblotting or qRT-PCR.Results:This investigation revealed that components of the TIMM8A-TIMM13 complex exhibited elevated expression in human lung cancer tissues,correlating with disease progression and poor overall survival rates among lung cancer patients.The suppression of either TIMM8A or TIMM13 inhibited cell proliferation and migration.Mechanistic studies through transcriptome analysis identified cell cycle-related pathways as potential key downstream effectors of the TIMM8A-TIMM13 complex.Subsequent experiments confirmed that the TIMM8A-TIMM13 complex significantly regulated the expression of cyclin D1(CCND1)and cyclin-dependent kinase 6(CDK6)complex.Conclusion:The elevated expression of TIMM8A-TIMM13 complex components plays a crucial role in lung cancer cell growth,suggesting its potential as a promising therapeutic target for lung cancer treatment.展开更多
The dominant oxidation state for lanthanide ions is+3 due to the loss of 5d and 6s electrons from their shared configuration of[Xe]4f^(0-14)5d^(0-16)s(2).There are however several exceptions because of the completely ...The dominant oxidation state for lanthanide ions is+3 due to the loss of 5d and 6s electrons from their shared configuration of[Xe]4f^(0-14)5d^(0-16)s(2).There are however several exceptions because of the completely empty(Ce(Ⅳ)),half-filled(Eu(Ⅱ)),or fully filled(Yb(Ⅱ))4f subshell.As such,stable complexes are formed primarily with Ln(Ⅲ)ions[1].展开更多
Developing chemically complex intermetallic alloys(CCIMAs)is considered an effective strategy for overcoming the serious brittleness of conventional intermetallic alloys,especially under a high stress level.However,mo...Developing chemically complex intermetallic alloys(CCIMAs)is considered an effective strategy for overcoming the serious brittleness of conventional intermetallic alloys,especially under a high stress level.However,most CCIMAs still struggle to achieve yield strengths exceeding gigapascals,limiting their use as reliable structural materials in many engineering fields.展开更多
Let n≥1 be an integer.In this article,we study the notions of Cartan-Eilenberg FP_(n)injective and Cartan-Eilenberg FP_(n)-flat complexes.We also investigate duality pairs relative to the Cartan-Eilenberg FP_(n)-inje...Let n≥1 be an integer.In this article,we study the notions of Cartan-Eilenberg FP_(n)injective and Cartan-Eilenberg FP_(n)-flat complexes.We also investigate duality pairs relative to the Cartan-Eilenberg FP_(n)-injective and Cartan-Eilenberg FP_(n)-flat complexes.As applications,we obtain that any complex admits Cartan-Eilenberg FP_(n)-injective(resp.,Cartan-Eilenberg FP_(n)-flat)cover and preenvelope and we characterize left n-coherent rings using these two classes of complexes.展开更多
Dear Editor,We describe a case diagnosed with exudative perifoveal vascular anomalous complex(ePVAC)successfully treated with focal laser photocoagulation(577 nm),achieving a favorable prognosis with best-corrected vi...Dear Editor,We describe a case diagnosed with exudative perifoveal vascular anomalous complex(ePVAC)successfully treated with focal laser photocoagulation(577 nm),achieving a favorable prognosis with best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)of 20/20.Additionally,we discussed the identification of a possible early-onset non-ePVAC.The ePVAC is characterized as an isolated,aneurysmal abnormity near the macula and usually accompanied by cystic macular edema(ME)[1-2].展开更多
Aim To present a quantitative method for structural complexity analysis and evaluation of information systems. Methods Based on Petri net modeling and analysis techniques and with the aid of mathematical tools in ge...Aim To present a quantitative method for structural complexity analysis and evaluation of information systems. Methods Based on Petri net modeling and analysis techniques and with the aid of mathematical tools in general net theory(GNT), a quantitative method for structure description and analysis of information systems was introduced. Results The structural complexity index and two related factors, i.e. element complexity factor and connection complexity factor were defined, and the relations between them and the parameters of the Petri net based model of the system were derived. Application example was presented. Conclusion The proposed method provides a theoretical basis for quantitative analysis and evaluation of the structural complexity and can be applied in the general planning and design processes of the information systems.展开更多
Visual question answering(VQA)is a multimodal task,involving a deep understanding of the image scene and the question’s meaning and capturing the relevant correlations between both modalities to infer the appropriate...Visual question answering(VQA)is a multimodal task,involving a deep understanding of the image scene and the question’s meaning and capturing the relevant correlations between both modalities to infer the appropriate answer.In this paper,we propose a VQA system intended to answer yes/no questions about real-world images,in Arabic.To support a robust VQA system,we work in two directions:(1)Using deep neural networks to semantically represent the given image and question in a fine-grainedmanner,namely ResNet-152 and Gated Recurrent Units(GRU).(2)Studying the role of the utilizedmultimodal bilinear pooling fusion technique in the trade-o.between the model complexity and the overall model performance.Some fusion techniques could significantly increase the model complexity,which seriously limits their applicability for VQA models.So far,there is no evidence of how efficient these multimodal bilinear pooling fusion techniques are for VQA systems dedicated to yes/no questions.Hence,a comparative analysis is conducted between eight bilinear pooling fusion techniques,in terms of their ability to reduce themodel complexity and improve themodel performance in this case of VQA systems.Experiments indicate that these multimodal bilinear pooling fusion techniques have improved the VQA model’s performance,until reaching the best performance of 89.25%.Further,experiments have proven that the number of answers in the developed VQA system is a critical factor that a.ects the effectiveness of these multimodal bilinear pooling techniques in achieving their main objective of reducing the model complexity.The Multimodal Local Perception Bilinear Pooling(MLPB)technique has shown the best balance between the model complexity and its performance,for VQA systems designed to answer yes/no questions.展开更多
Complex-valued neural networks(CVNNs)have shown their excellent efficiency compared to their real counterparts in speech enhancement,image and signal processing.Researchers throughout the years have made many efforts ...Complex-valued neural networks(CVNNs)have shown their excellent efficiency compared to their real counterparts in speech enhancement,image and signal processing.Researchers throughout the years have made many efforts to improve the learning algorithms and activation functions of CVNNs.Since CVNNs have proven to have better performance in handling the naturally complex-valued data and signals,this area of study will grow and expect the arrival of some effective improvements in the future.Therefore,there exists an obvious reason to provide a comprehensive survey paper that systematically collects and categorizes the advancement of CVNNs.In this paper,we discuss and summarize the recent advances based on their learning algorithms,activation functions,which is the most challenging part of building a CVNN,and applications.Besides,we outline the structure and applications of complex-valued convolutional,residual and recurrent neural networks.Finally,we also present some challenges and future research directions to facilitate the exploration of the ability of CVNNs.展开更多
To expand the study on the structures and biological activities of the anthracyclines anticancer drugs and reduce their toxic side effects,the new anthraquinone derivatives,9‑pyridylanthrahydrazone(9‑PAH)and 9,10‑bisp...To expand the study on the structures and biological activities of the anthracyclines anticancer drugs and reduce their toxic side effects,the new anthraquinone derivatives,9‑pyridylanthrahydrazone(9‑PAH)and 9,10‑bispyridylanthrahydrazone(9,10‑PAH)were designed and synthesized.Utilizing 9‑PAH and 9,10‑PAH as promising anticancer ligands,their respective copper complexes,namely[Cu(L1)Cl_(2)]Cl(1)and{[Cu_(4)(μ_(2)‑Cl)_(3)Cl_(4)(9,10‑PAH)_(2)(DMSO)_(2)]Cl_(2)}_(n)(2),were subsequently synthesized,where the new ligand L1 is formed by coupling two 9‑PAH ligands in the coordination reaction.The chemical and crystal structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by IR,MS,elemental analysis,and single‑crystal X‑ray diffraction.Complex 1 forms a mononuclear structure.L1 coordinates with Cu through its three N atoms,together with two Cl atoms,to form a five‑coordinated square pyramidal geometry.Complex 2 constitutes a polymeric structure,wherein each structural unit centrosymmetrically encompasses two five‑coordinated binuclear copper complexes(Cu1,Cu2)of 9,10‑PAH,with similar square pyramidal geometry.A chlorine atom(Cl_(2)),located at the symmetry center,bridges Cu1 and Cu1A to connect the two binuclear copper structures.Meanwhile,the two five‑coordinated Cu2 atoms symmetrically bridge the adjacent structural units via one coordinated Cl atom,respectively,thus forming a 1D chain‑like polymeric structure.In vitro anticancer activity assessments revealed that 1 and 2 showed significant cytotoxicity even higher than cisplatin.Specifically,the IC_(50)values of 2 against HeLa‑229 and SK‑OV‑3 cancer cell lines were determined to be(5.92±0.32)μmol·L^(-1)and(6.48±0.39)μmol·L^(-1),respectively.2 could also block the proliferation of HeLa‑229 cells in S phase and significantly induce cell apoptosis.In addition,fluorescence quenching competition experiments suggested that 2 might interact with DNA by an intercalative binding mode,offering insights into its underlying anticancer mechanism.CCDC:2388918,1;2388919,2.展开更多
High-resolution seeing through complex scattering media such as turbid water,biological tissues,and mist is a significant challenge because the strong scattering scrambles the light paths and forms the scattering wall...High-resolution seeing through complex scattering media such as turbid water,biological tissues,and mist is a significant challenge because the strong scattering scrambles the light paths and forms the scattering wall.We propose an active polarized iterative optimization approach for high-resolution imaging through complex scattering media.By acquiring a series of sub-polarized images,we can capture the diverse pattern-illuminated images with various high-frequency component information caused by the Brownian motion of complex scattering materials,which are processed using the common-mode rejection of polarization characteristics to extract target information from scattering medium information.Following that,our computational reconstruction technique employs an iterative optimization algorithm that commences with patternilluminated Fourier ptychography for reconstructing the high-resolution scene.It is extremely important that our approach for high-resolution imaging through complex scattering media is not limited by priori information and optical memory effect.The proposed approach is suitable for not only dynamic but also static scattering media,which may find applications in the biomedicine field,such as skin abnormalities,non-invasive blood flow,and superficial tumors.展开更多
The Jiuyishan granitic complex,located in the Nanling Range,South China,is composed of five granitic plutons(Xuehuading,Jinjiling,Pangxiemu,Shaziling and Xishan).Zircon U-Pb dating of four plutons(Jinjiling,Pangxiemu,...The Jiuyishan granitic complex,located in the Nanling Range,South China,is composed of five granitic plutons(Xuehuading,Jinjiling,Pangxiemu,Shaziling and Xishan).Zircon U-Pb dating of four plutons(Jinjiling,Pangxiemu,Shaziling and Xishan)yielded similar ages of approximately 153 Ma,indicating indistinguishable ages within error.Three plutons except the Shaziling pluton,have consistentε_(Nd)(t)(-7.8 to-5.8)andε_(Hf)(t)(-9.1 to-2.2)values,which are similar to those of the lower crustal granulitic metasedimentary and meta-igneous rocks in South China.Compared to other three plutons,the Shaziling pluton has consistentε_(Nd)(t)(-7.4 to-6.8)andε_(Hf)(t)(-7.5 to-4.7)values and shows similar source,but the Shaziling mafic microgranular enclaves(MMEs)show variableε_(Hf)(t)(-14.2 to 4.8)values,indicating a remarkable mantle magma injection of the Shaziling pluton.Zircon Ce/Sm-Yb/Gd,whole-rock CaO-P_(2)O_(5)and CaO-TiO_(2)linear trends reveal that from the Xishan to the Shaziling and from the Jinjiling to the Pangxiemu granites,they experienced apatite and titanite fractionation,respectively.Zircon Th,U,Nb,Ta,Hf,Ti,Y,P and rare earth element(REE)contents and whole-rock Sr,Ba and Rb contents also show that the Shaziling,Xishan,Jinjiling and Pangxiemu granites followed a discontinuous evolutionary series,but the Pangxiemu granites exhibit highly evolved nature.Four main controlling factors of W-Sn and rare metal mineralization in granitic rocks were discussed,and we found that the mineralization in Jiuyishan granitic complex was mainly controlled by the fractionation degree and crystallization temperature,but were rarely affected by oxygen fugacity and mantle material input.The Pangxiemu granites show particularly higher Rb and Ta contents than the other three plutons,implying that the ore deposits developed in the Jiuyishan Complex were directly related to the most evolved Pangxiemu pluton,with the occurrence of Rb and Ta as the most likely rare metal mineralization in the Jiuyishan District.A crystal mush model is proposed to interpret the petrogenetic and mineralizing processes of the Jiuyishan granitic complex.展开更多
A complex system is inherently high-dimensional.Recent studies indicate that,even without complete knowledge of its evolutionary dynamics,the future behavior of such a system can be predicted using time-series data(da...A complex system is inherently high-dimensional.Recent studies indicate that,even without complete knowledge of its evolutionary dynamics,the future behavior of such a system can be predicted using time-series data(data-driven prediction).This suggests that the essential dynamics of a complex system can be captured through a low-dimensional representation.Virus evolution and climate change are two examples of complex,time-varying systems.In this article,we show that mutations in the spike protein provide valuable data for predicting SARS-CoV-2 variants,forecasting the possible emergence of the new macro-lineage Q in the near future.Our analysis also demonstrates that carbon dioxide concentration is a reliable indicator for predicting the evolution of the climate system,extending global surface air temperature(GSAT)forecasts through 2500.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82171073).
文摘Dear Editor,We present a case of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy(AZOOR)complex in a myopic patient with angioid streaks(ASs).A 19-year-old female has been experiencing visual field defects in her left eye for more than 3y.She was diagnosed with ASs and choroiditis at a local hospital.She has a seven-year history of bilateral high myopia.A fundus examination confirmed the presence of ASs and myopic fundus changes in both eyes.Multimodal imaging revealed an AZOOR complex in the left eye.
文摘Complex trimalleolar ankle fractures are a major orthopaedic challenge,with an incidence of 4.22 per 10000 person-years in the United States and an annual cost of 3.4 billion dollars.This review synthesizes current evidence on diagnostic protocols and management strategies,highlighting optimal approaches and emerging trends.Initial care emphasizes soft tissue assessment,often guided by the Tscherne classification,and fracture classification systems.External fixation may be required in open injuries,while early open reduction and internal fixation within six days is linked to improved outcomes.Minimally invasive techniques for the lateral malleolus,including intramedullary nailing and locking plates,are effective,while medial malleolus fractures are commonly managed with screw fixation or tension-band wiring.Posterior malleolus fragments involving more than 25%of the articular surface usually warrant fixation.Alternatives to syndesmotic screws,such as cortical buttons or high-strength sutures,reduce the need for secondary procedures.Arthroscopic-assisted open reduction and internal fixation benefits younger,active patients by enabling concurrent management of intra-articular and ligamentous injuries.Postoperative care prioritizes early weight-bearing and validated functional scores.Despite advances,complications remain common,and further research is needed to refine surgical strategies and improve outcomes.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12275179,11875042,and 12150410309)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.21ZR1443900).
文摘The suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus is the master circadian clock in mammals,coordinating physiological processes with the 24-hour day–night cycle.Comprising various cell types,the suprachiasmatic nucleus(SCN)integrates environmental signals to maintain complex and robust circadian rhythms.Understanding the complexity and synchrony within SCN neurons is essential for effective circadian clock function.Synchrony involves coordinated neuronal firing for robust rhythms,while complexity reflects diverse activity patterns and interactions,indicating adaptability.Interestingly,the SCN retains circadian rhythms in vitro,demonstrating intrinsic rhythmicity.This study introduces the multiscale structural complexity method to analyze changes in SCN neuronal activity and complexity at macro and micro levels,based on Bagrov et al.’s approach.By examining structural complexity and local complexities across scales,we aim to understand how tetrodotoxin,a neurotoxin that inhibits action potentials,affects SCN neurons.Our method captures critical scales in neuronal interactions that traditional methods may overlook.Validation with the Goodwin model confirms the reliability of our observations.By integrating experimental data with theoretical models,this study provides new insights into the effects of tetrodotoxin(TTX)on neuronal complexities,contributing to the understanding of circadian rhythms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 62473067)Chongqing Talents: Exceptional Young Talents Project, China (No. cstc2022ycjh-bgzxm0070)Chongqing Overseas Scholars Innovation Program, China (No. cx2022024)
文摘Complex evidence theory is a generalized Dempster-Shafer evidence theory,which has the ability to express uncertain information.One of the key issues is the uncertainty measure of Complex Basic Belief Assignment(CBBA).However,the research on the uncertainty measure of complex evidence theory is still an open issue.Therefore,in this paper,first,the Fractal-based Complex Belief(FCB)entropy as a generalization of Fractal-based Belief(FB)entropy,which has superiority in uncertainty measurement of CBBA,is proposed.Second,on the basis of FCB entropy,we propose Fractal-based Supremum Complex Belief(FSCB)entropy and Fractal-based Infimum Complex Belief(FICB)entropy,with FSCB entropy as the upper bound and FICB entropy as the lower bound.They are collectively called the proposed FCB entropy.Furthermore,we analyze the properties,physical interpretation and numerical examples to prove the rationality of the proposed method.Finally,a practical information fusion application is proposed to prove that the proposed FCB entropy can reasonably measure the uncertainty of CBBA.The results show that,the proposed FCB entropy can handle the uncertainty measure of CBBA,which can be a reasonable way for uncertainty measure in complex evidence theory.
文摘The ability to accurately simulate the time evolu-tion of quantum systems stands as a cornerstone of modern molecular science.It provides the essential mechanistic bridge between a system’s microscopic structure and its macroscopic function,a challenge first envisioned by Feynman.The central difficulty,and the unifying theme of this Special Topic,is the problem of“complexity”:a multifaceted challenge arising from the interplay of strongly coupled electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom,quantum statistics,and the non-trivial,often non-Markovian,memory effects exerted by a surrounding environment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22478005,22578006 and 22271002)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(2308085J14)the Scientific Research Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Anhui Province(2022AH051142).
文摘A novel double-stranded trinuclear bis(tridipyrrin)zinc(Ⅱ)complex,constructed from a linearπ-conjugated tridipyrrin ligand,was synthesized and characterized.The complex featuring six directly linked dipyrrin units exhibits a stable double-helical structure with two non-superimposable P and M enantiomers,as confirmed by X-ray crystallography.Chirality was further demonstrated through HPLC separation and mirror-image circular dichroism(CD)spectra.The complex shows strong near-infrared(NIR)absorption and excellent solubility in various solvents,attributed to its sterically hindered structure.Spectroscopic,electrochemical,and theoretical studies revealed its unique electronic properties and redox behavior.This work advances the design of chiral NIR-active metallo-supramolecular systems and highlights potential applications in chiroptical mateials.
基金financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2022YFB3503702,2023YFB3506901,2021YFB3501800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92156016,62104013,22071003)。
文摘Sensitization of metal-centered forbidden transitions is of great significance.Solid MnII-based phosphors with d-d forbidden transition sensitized by CeIIIwith d-f allowed transition are promising light conversion materials,but the energy transfer mechanism in CeIII-MnIIis still in dispute for the uncertainty of distances between metal centers.Herein,for the first time,we explored the energy transfer mechanism in two well-designed luminescent heteronuclear complexes with clear crystal structures,i.e.,Ce-N8-Mn and Ce-N2O6-Mn(N8=1,4,7,10,13,16,21,24-octaazabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane;N2O6=4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxa-1,10-diazabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane).Short distances between metal centers facilitate efficient energy transfer from CeIIIto MnIIin both complexes,resulting in high photoluminescence quantum yield up to unity.After systematic study of the two heteronuclear complexes as well as two reference complexes Ce(N8)Br3and Ce(N2O6)Br3,we concluded that dipole-quadrupole interaction is the dominant energy transfer mechanism in the heteronuclear complexes.
基金supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7242268)Beijing Hospitals Authority Youth Programme(QML20230807)Training Fund for Open Projects at Clinical Institutes and Departments of Capital Medical University(CCMU2023ZKYXZ007).
文摘Objectives:Lung cancer represents a major global healthcare challenge,characterized by high annual incidence and mortality rates worldwide.Although targeted therapies for lung cancer have advanced,treatment outcomes for advanced-stage patients remain suboptimal.This investigation examines the role of the translocase of the inner mitochondrial membrane(TIMM)8A-TIMM13 complex in lung cancer and evaluates its potential as a novel therapeutic target.Methods:A co-immunoprecipitation(Co-IP)assay was conducted to verify the interaction between TIMM8A and TIMM13.Differential gene expression analysis of TIMM8A or TIMM13 was executed using the TNMplot database,with survival estimates derived from the Kaplan-Meier plotter.Lung cancer cell proliferation was evaluated through Cell Counting Kit 8(CCK-8)and colony formation assays,while cell migration was assessed via Transwell assay.RNA sequencing identified the downstream effectors of TIMM13.RNAi technology facilitated the inhibition of TIMM8A or TIMM13 expression,which was measured through immunoblotting or qRT-PCR.Results:This investigation revealed that components of the TIMM8A-TIMM13 complex exhibited elevated expression in human lung cancer tissues,correlating with disease progression and poor overall survival rates among lung cancer patients.The suppression of either TIMM8A or TIMM13 inhibited cell proliferation and migration.Mechanistic studies through transcriptome analysis identified cell cycle-related pathways as potential key downstream effectors of the TIMM8A-TIMM13 complex.Subsequent experiments confirmed that the TIMM8A-TIMM13 complex significantly regulated the expression of cyclin D1(CCND1)and cyclin-dependent kinase 6(CDK6)complex.Conclusion:The elevated expression of TIMM8A-TIMM13 complex components plays a crucial role in lung cancer cell growth,suggesting its potential as a promising therapeutic target for lung cancer treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22101116,92261203,21971106)Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program(JCYJ20220530115001002 and JCYJ20220818100417037).
文摘The dominant oxidation state for lanthanide ions is+3 due to the loss of 5d and 6s electrons from their shared configuration of[Xe]4f^(0-14)5d^(0-16)s(2).There are however several exceptions because of the completely empty(Ce(Ⅳ)),half-filled(Eu(Ⅱ)),or fully filled(Yb(Ⅱ))4f subshell.As such,stable complexes are formed primarily with Ln(Ⅲ)ions[1].
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52222112,52101151 and 52101135)Hong Kong Research Grant Council(RGC)(No.C1020-21G)+1 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.RCBS20210609103202012)APT research was conducted at the Inter-University 3D APT Unit of City University of Hong Kong(CityU),which is supported by the CityU grant 9360161
文摘Developing chemically complex intermetallic alloys(CCIMAs)is considered an effective strategy for overcoming the serious brittleness of conventional intermetallic alloys,especially under a high stress level.However,most CCIMAs still struggle to achieve yield strengths exceeding gigapascals,limiting their use as reliable structural materials in many engineering fields.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12061061)the Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province(Grant No.22JR5RA153).
文摘Let n≥1 be an integer.In this article,we study the notions of Cartan-Eilenberg FP_(n)injective and Cartan-Eilenberg FP_(n)-flat complexes.We also investigate duality pairs relative to the Cartan-Eilenberg FP_(n)-injective and Cartan-Eilenberg FP_(n)-flat complexes.As applications,we obtain that any complex admits Cartan-Eilenberg FP_(n)-injective(resp.,Cartan-Eilenberg FP_(n)-flat)cover and preenvelope and we characterize left n-coherent rings using these two classes of complexes.
基金Supported by the 1.3.5 Project of West China Hospital of Sichuan University(No.2023HXFH043)Sichuan Natural Science Foundation(No.24NSFSC1718).
文摘Dear Editor,We describe a case diagnosed with exudative perifoveal vascular anomalous complex(ePVAC)successfully treated with focal laser photocoagulation(577 nm),achieving a favorable prognosis with best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)of 20/20.Additionally,we discussed the identification of a possible early-onset non-ePVAC.The ePVAC is characterized as an isolated,aneurysmal abnormity near the macula and usually accompanied by cystic macular edema(ME)[1-2].
文摘Aim To present a quantitative method for structural complexity analysis and evaluation of information systems. Methods Based on Petri net modeling and analysis techniques and with the aid of mathematical tools in general net theory(GNT), a quantitative method for structure description and analysis of information systems was introduced. Results The structural complexity index and two related factors, i.e. element complexity factor and connection complexity factor were defined, and the relations between them and the parameters of the Petri net based model of the system were derived. Application example was presented. Conclusion The proposed method provides a theoretical basis for quantitative analysis and evaluation of the structural complexity and can be applied in the general planning and design processes of the information systems.
文摘Visual question answering(VQA)is a multimodal task,involving a deep understanding of the image scene and the question’s meaning and capturing the relevant correlations between both modalities to infer the appropriate answer.In this paper,we propose a VQA system intended to answer yes/no questions about real-world images,in Arabic.To support a robust VQA system,we work in two directions:(1)Using deep neural networks to semantically represent the given image and question in a fine-grainedmanner,namely ResNet-152 and Gated Recurrent Units(GRU).(2)Studying the role of the utilizedmultimodal bilinear pooling fusion technique in the trade-o.between the model complexity and the overall model performance.Some fusion techniques could significantly increase the model complexity,which seriously limits their applicability for VQA models.So far,there is no evidence of how efficient these multimodal bilinear pooling fusion techniques are for VQA systems dedicated to yes/no questions.Hence,a comparative analysis is conducted between eight bilinear pooling fusion techniques,in terms of their ability to reduce themodel complexity and improve themodel performance in this case of VQA systems.Experiments indicate that these multimodal bilinear pooling fusion techniques have improved the VQA model’s performance,until reaching the best performance of 89.25%.Further,experiments have proven that the number of answers in the developed VQA system is a critical factor that a.ects the effectiveness of these multimodal bilinear pooling techniques in achieving their main objective of reducing the model complexity.The Multimodal Local Perception Bilinear Pooling(MLPB)technique has shown the best balance between the model complexity and its performance,for VQA systems designed to answer yes/no questions.
基金partially supported by the JSPS KAKENHI(JP22H03643,JP19K22891)。
文摘Complex-valued neural networks(CVNNs)have shown their excellent efficiency compared to their real counterparts in speech enhancement,image and signal processing.Researchers throughout the years have made many efforts to improve the learning algorithms and activation functions of CVNNs.Since CVNNs have proven to have better performance in handling the naturally complex-valued data and signals,this area of study will grow and expect the arrival of some effective improvements in the future.Therefore,there exists an obvious reason to provide a comprehensive survey paper that systematically collects and categorizes the advancement of CVNNs.In this paper,we discuss and summarize the recent advances based on their learning algorithms,activation functions,which is the most challenging part of building a CVNN,and applications.Besides,we outline the structure and applications of complex-valued convolutional,residual and recurrent neural networks.Finally,we also present some challenges and future research directions to facilitate the exploration of the ability of CVNNs.
文摘To expand the study on the structures and biological activities of the anthracyclines anticancer drugs and reduce their toxic side effects,the new anthraquinone derivatives,9‑pyridylanthrahydrazone(9‑PAH)and 9,10‑bispyridylanthrahydrazone(9,10‑PAH)were designed and synthesized.Utilizing 9‑PAH and 9,10‑PAH as promising anticancer ligands,their respective copper complexes,namely[Cu(L1)Cl_(2)]Cl(1)and{[Cu_(4)(μ_(2)‑Cl)_(3)Cl_(4)(9,10‑PAH)_(2)(DMSO)_(2)]Cl_(2)}_(n)(2),were subsequently synthesized,where the new ligand L1 is formed by coupling two 9‑PAH ligands in the coordination reaction.The chemical and crystal structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by IR,MS,elemental analysis,and single‑crystal X‑ray diffraction.Complex 1 forms a mononuclear structure.L1 coordinates with Cu through its three N atoms,together with two Cl atoms,to form a five‑coordinated square pyramidal geometry.Complex 2 constitutes a polymeric structure,wherein each structural unit centrosymmetrically encompasses two five‑coordinated binuclear copper complexes(Cu1,Cu2)of 9,10‑PAH,with similar square pyramidal geometry.A chlorine atom(Cl_(2)),located at the symmetry center,bridges Cu1 and Cu1A to connect the two binuclear copper structures.Meanwhile,the two five‑coordinated Cu2 atoms symmetrically bridge the adjacent structural units via one coordinated Cl atom,respectively,thus forming a 1D chain‑like polymeric structure.In vitro anticancer activity assessments revealed that 1 and 2 showed significant cytotoxicity even higher than cisplatin.Specifically,the IC_(50)values of 2 against HeLa‑229 and SK‑OV‑3 cancer cell lines were determined to be(5.92±0.32)μmol·L^(-1)and(6.48±0.39)μmol·L^(-1),respectively.2 could also block the proliferation of HeLa‑229 cells in S phase and significantly induce cell apoptosis.In addition,fluorescence quenching competition experiments suggested that 2 might interact with DNA by an intercalative binding mode,offering insights into its underlying anticancer mechanism.CCDC:2388918,1;2388919,2.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62205259,62075175,62105254,and 62375212)the National Key Laboratory of Infrared Detection Technologies(Grant No.IRDT-23-06)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.XJSJ24028,XJS222202,ZYTS24097,and ZYTS24095)the Open Research Fund of Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Remote Sensing Technology.
文摘High-resolution seeing through complex scattering media such as turbid water,biological tissues,and mist is a significant challenge because the strong scattering scrambles the light paths and forms the scattering wall.We propose an active polarized iterative optimization approach for high-resolution imaging through complex scattering media.By acquiring a series of sub-polarized images,we can capture the diverse pattern-illuminated images with various high-frequency component information caused by the Brownian motion of complex scattering materials,which are processed using the common-mode rejection of polarization characteristics to extract target information from scattering medium information.Following that,our computational reconstruction technique employs an iterative optimization algorithm that commences with patternilluminated Fourier ptychography for reconstructing the high-resolution scene.It is extremely important that our approach for high-resolution imaging through complex scattering media is not limited by priori information and optical memory effect.The proposed approach is suitable for not only dynamic but also static scattering media,which may find applications in the biomedicine field,such as skin abnormalities,non-invasive blood flow,and superficial tumors.
基金financially supported by the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan(Nos.2019JJ50831,2023JJ30505 and 2023JJ40541)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2017M622597 and 2021M690591)+2 种基金the Open Research Fund Program of Fundamental Science on Radioactive Geology and Exploration Technology Laboratory(East China University of Technology)(No.2022RGET04)the National Foreign Expert Project(No.G2022029012L)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.41002022)。
文摘The Jiuyishan granitic complex,located in the Nanling Range,South China,is composed of five granitic plutons(Xuehuading,Jinjiling,Pangxiemu,Shaziling and Xishan).Zircon U-Pb dating of four plutons(Jinjiling,Pangxiemu,Shaziling and Xishan)yielded similar ages of approximately 153 Ma,indicating indistinguishable ages within error.Three plutons except the Shaziling pluton,have consistentε_(Nd)(t)(-7.8 to-5.8)andε_(Hf)(t)(-9.1 to-2.2)values,which are similar to those of the lower crustal granulitic metasedimentary and meta-igneous rocks in South China.Compared to other three plutons,the Shaziling pluton has consistentε_(Nd)(t)(-7.4 to-6.8)andε_(Hf)(t)(-7.5 to-4.7)values and shows similar source,but the Shaziling mafic microgranular enclaves(MMEs)show variableε_(Hf)(t)(-14.2 to 4.8)values,indicating a remarkable mantle magma injection of the Shaziling pluton.Zircon Ce/Sm-Yb/Gd,whole-rock CaO-P_(2)O_(5)and CaO-TiO_(2)linear trends reveal that from the Xishan to the Shaziling and from the Jinjiling to the Pangxiemu granites,they experienced apatite and titanite fractionation,respectively.Zircon Th,U,Nb,Ta,Hf,Ti,Y,P and rare earth element(REE)contents and whole-rock Sr,Ba and Rb contents also show that the Shaziling,Xishan,Jinjiling and Pangxiemu granites followed a discontinuous evolutionary series,but the Pangxiemu granites exhibit highly evolved nature.Four main controlling factors of W-Sn and rare metal mineralization in granitic rocks were discussed,and we found that the mineralization in Jiuyishan granitic complex was mainly controlled by the fractionation degree and crystallization temperature,but were rarely affected by oxygen fugacity and mantle material input.The Pangxiemu granites show particularly higher Rb and Ta contents than the other three plutons,implying that the ore deposits developed in the Jiuyishan Complex were directly related to the most evolved Pangxiemu pluton,with the occurrence of Rb and Ta as the most likely rare metal mineralization in the Jiuyishan District.A crystal mush model is proposed to interpret the petrogenetic and mineralizing processes of the Jiuyishan granitic complex.
基金Natural science foundation of Inner Mongolia(2024LHMS06018)The basic scientific research funding for directly affiliated universities in the Inner Mongolia(JY20250094)。
文摘A complex system is inherently high-dimensional.Recent studies indicate that,even without complete knowledge of its evolutionary dynamics,the future behavior of such a system can be predicted using time-series data(data-driven prediction).This suggests that the essential dynamics of a complex system can be captured through a low-dimensional representation.Virus evolution and climate change are two examples of complex,time-varying systems.In this article,we show that mutations in the spike protein provide valuable data for predicting SARS-CoV-2 variants,forecasting the possible emergence of the new macro-lineage Q in the near future.Our analysis also demonstrates that carbon dioxide concentration is a reliable indicator for predicting the evolution of the climate system,extending global surface air temperature(GSAT)forecasts through 2500.
