A novel setup of saturated absorption spectroscopy (SAS) is presented.It is based on laser reflections at surfaces of a sample vapor cell.It only needs one cell and one photodiode and is more compact than conventional...A novel setup of saturated absorption spectroscopy (SAS) is presented.It is based on laser reflections at surfaces of a sample vapor cell.It only needs one cell and one photodiode and is more compact than conventional setups of SAS.Its spectrum is similar to a conventional SAS.The frequency stabilization performance of an external-cavity diode laser with this setup is investigated.A frequency stability of 1.1 × 10^(-11) is achieved at an averaging time of 60s in the Allen variance measurements.展开更多
This paper presents the Pareto solutions in continuous multi-objective mathematical programming. We discuss the role of some assumptions on the objective functions and feasible domain, the relationship between them, a...This paper presents the Pareto solutions in continuous multi-objective mathematical programming. We discuss the role of some assumptions on the objective functions and feasible domain, the relationship between them, and compactness, contractibility and fixed point properties of the Pareto sets. The authors have tried to remove the concavity assumptions on the objective functions which are usually used in multi-objective maximization problems. The results are based on constructing a retraction from the feasible domain onto the Pareto-optimal set.展开更多
This paper discusses chiefly the compactness of solution set of following equationswhere △ is the Laplacian in Sobolev’s sense, a;（x）,i= 0,1,…n, n≥ 3, are real square matrices of dimen-sion N×V , bounded an...This paper discusses chiefly the compactness of solution set of following equationswhere △ is the Laplacian in Sobolev’s sense, a;（x）,i= 0,1,…n, n≥ 3, are real square matrices of dimen-sion N×V , bounded and measurable in a bounded multiply connected domain Ω, the boundary S is as-sumed to be sufficiently smooth, u（x） is unknown vector, z = （x<sub>1</sub>,x<sub>2</sub>,…,x<sub>n</sub>） Ω R<sup>z</sup>,m≥1,|S<sub>1</sub>|issuperficial measure of the unit sphere of R<sup>Z</sup>, |i|=i<sub>1</sub>+ i<sub>2</sub> +… + i., △<sup>m</sup>=△(△<sup>m-1</sup>). ,（Ω）, ,（Ω）, … denote the classes of vectors or matrices whose elements belong to L,（Ω）,W,（Ω）,…. A vector or a matrix is said to be continuous differentiable, bounded and measurable if so are its ele-展开更多
Taking advantage of result in [1], this paper studied generalized quasi variational inequalities on paracompact sets, unified and extended corresponding results in [4-6].
Due to the numerous variables to take into account as well as the inherent ambiguity and uncertainty,evaluating educational institutions can be difficult.The concept of a possibility Pythagorean fuzzy hypersoft set(pP...Due to the numerous variables to take into account as well as the inherent ambiguity and uncertainty,evaluating educational institutions can be difficult.The concept of a possibility Pythagorean fuzzy hypersoft set(pPyFHSS)is more flexible in this regard than other theoretical fuzzy set-like models,even though some attempts have been made in the literature to address such uncertainties.This study investigates the elementary notions of pPyFHSS including its set-theoretic operations union,intersection,complement,OR-and AND-operations.Some results related to these operations are also modified for pPyFHSS.Additionally,the similarity measures between pPyFHSSs are formulated with the assistance of numerical examples and results.Lastly,an intelligent decision-assisted mechanism is developed with the proposal of a robust algorithm based on similarity measures for solving multi-attribute decision-making(MADM)problems.A case study that helps the decision-makers assess the best educational institution is discussed to validate the suggested system.The algorithmic results are compared with the most pertinent model to evaluate the adaptability of pPyFHSS,as it generalizes the classical possibility fuzzy set-like theoretical models.Similarly,while considering significant evaluating factors,the flexibility of pPyFHSS is observed through structural comparison.展开更多
This study identified castor oil and phosphate ester as effective retarders through setting time,tensile,and flexural tests,and determined their optimal dosages.The mechanism by which phosphate ester affects the setti...This study identified castor oil and phosphate ester as effective retarders through setting time,tensile,and flexural tests,and determined their optimal dosages.The mechanism by which phosphate ester affects the setting time of polyurethane was further investigated using molecular dynamics simulations.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was also employed to systematically study the physical and chemical interactions between phosphate esters and polyurethane materials.The results demonstrate that a 1%concentration of phosphate ester provides the most effective retarding effect with minimal impact on the strength of polyurethane.When phosphate ester is added to the B component of the two-component polyurethane system,its interaction energy with component A decreases,as do the diffusion coefficient and aggregation degree of component B on the surface of component A.This reduction in interaction slows the setting time.Additionally,the addition of phosphate ester to polyurethane leads to the disappearance or weakening of functional groups,indicating competitive interactions within the phosphate ester components that inhibit the reaction rate.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2012CB921602the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 10874012 and 10974177the Program of International Science and Technology Cooperation of China under Grant No 2010DFA04690.
文摘A novel setup of saturated absorption spectroscopy (SAS) is presented.It is based on laser reflections at surfaces of a sample vapor cell.It only needs one cell and one photodiode and is more compact than conventional setups of SAS.Its spectrum is similar to a conventional SAS.The frequency stabilization performance of an external-cavity diode laser with this setup is investigated.A frequency stability of 1.1 × 10^(-11) is achieved at an averaging time of 60s in the Allen variance measurements.
文摘This paper presents the Pareto solutions in continuous multi-objective mathematical programming. We discuss the role of some assumptions on the objective functions and feasible domain, the relationship between them, and compactness, contractibility and fixed point properties of the Pareto sets. The authors have tried to remove the concavity assumptions on the objective functions which are usually used in multi-objective maximization problems. The results are based on constructing a retraction from the feasible domain onto the Pareto-optimal set.
文摘This paper discusses chiefly the compactness of solution set of following equationswhere △ is the Laplacian in Sobolev’s sense, a;（x）,i= 0,1,…n, n≥ 3, are real square matrices of dimen-sion N×V , bounded and measurable in a bounded multiply connected domain Ω, the boundary S is as-sumed to be sufficiently smooth, u（x） is unknown vector, z = （x<sub>1</sub>,x<sub>2</sub>,…,x<sub>n</sub>） Ω R<sup>z</sup>,m≥1,|S<sub>1</sub>|issuperficial measure of the unit sphere of R<sup>Z</sup>, |i|=i<sub>1</sub>+ i<sub>2</sub> +… + i., △<sup>m</sup>=△(△<sup>m-1</sup>). ,（Ω）, ,（Ω）, … denote the classes of vectors or matrices whose elements belong to L,（Ω）,W,（Ω）,…. A vector or a matrix is said to be continuous differentiable, bounded and measurable if so are its ele-
文摘Taking advantage of result in [1], this paper studied generalized quasi variational inequalities on paracompact sets, unified and extended corresponding results in [4-6].
基金supported by the Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research at Qassim University(QU-APC-2024-9/1).
文摘Due to the numerous variables to take into account as well as the inherent ambiguity and uncertainty,evaluating educational institutions can be difficult.The concept of a possibility Pythagorean fuzzy hypersoft set(pPyFHSS)is more flexible in this regard than other theoretical fuzzy set-like models,even though some attempts have been made in the literature to address such uncertainties.This study investigates the elementary notions of pPyFHSS including its set-theoretic operations union,intersection,complement,OR-and AND-operations.Some results related to these operations are also modified for pPyFHSS.Additionally,the similarity measures between pPyFHSSs are formulated with the assistance of numerical examples and results.Lastly,an intelligent decision-assisted mechanism is developed with the proposal of a robust algorithm based on similarity measures for solving multi-attribute decision-making(MADM)problems.A case study that helps the decision-makers assess the best educational institution is discussed to validate the suggested system.The algorithmic results are compared with the most pertinent model to evaluate the adaptability of pPyFHSS,as it generalizes the classical possibility fuzzy set-like theoretical models.Similarly,while considering significant evaluating factors,the flexibility of pPyFHSS is observed through structural comparison.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52370128)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2572022AW54)。
文摘This study identified castor oil and phosphate ester as effective retarders through setting time,tensile,and flexural tests,and determined their optimal dosages.The mechanism by which phosphate ester affects the setting time of polyurethane was further investigated using molecular dynamics simulations.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was also employed to systematically study the physical and chemical interactions between phosphate esters and polyurethane materials.The results demonstrate that a 1%concentration of phosphate ester provides the most effective retarding effect with minimal impact on the strength of polyurethane.When phosphate ester is added to the B component of the two-component polyurethane system,its interaction energy with component A decreases,as do the diffusion coefficient and aggregation degree of component B on the surface of component A.This reduction in interaction slows the setting time.Additionally,the addition of phosphate ester to polyurethane leads to the disappearance or weakening of functional groups,indicating competitive interactions within the phosphate ester components that inhibit the reaction rate.
