Apple（Malus×domestica） has been proposed as an important woody plant and the major cultivated fruit trees in temperate regions. Apple whole genome sequencing has been completed, which provided an excellent oppo...Apple（Malus×domestica） has been proposed as an important woody plant and the major cultivated fruit trees in temperate regions. Apple whole genome sequencing has been completed, which provided an excellent opportunity for genome-wide analysis of the synonymous codon usage patterns. In this study, a multivariate bioinformatics analysis was performed to reveal the characteristics of synonymous codon usage and the main factors affecting codon bias in apple. The neutrality, correspondence, and correlation analyses were performed by Codon W and SPSS（Statistical Product and Service Solutions） programs, indicating that the apple genome codon usage patterns were affected by mutational pressure and selective constraint. Meanwhile, coding sequence length and the hydrophobicity of proteins could also influence the codon usage patterns. In short, codon usage pattern analysis and determination of optimal codons has laid an important theoretical basis for genetic engineering, gene prediction and molecular evolution studies in apple.展开更多
In order to study the spatiotemporal characteristics of the dockless bike sharing system(BSS)around urban rail transit stations,new normalized calculation methods are proposed to explore the temporal and spatial usage...In order to study the spatiotemporal characteristics of the dockless bike sharing system(BSS)around urban rail transit stations,new normalized calculation methods are proposed to explore the temporal and spatial usage patterns of the dockless BSS around rail transit stations by using 5-weekday dockless bike sharing trip data in Nanjing,China.First,the rail transit station area(RTSA)is defined by extracting shared bike trips with trip ends falling into the area.Then,the temporal and spatial decomposition methods are developed and two criterions are calculated,namely,normalized dynamic variation of bikes(NDVB)and normalized spatial distribution of trips(NSDT).Furthermore,the temporal and spatial usage patterns are clustered and the corresponding geographical distributions of shared bikes are determined.The results show that four temporal usage patterns and two spatial patterns of dockless BSS are finally identified.Area type(urban center and suburb)has a great influence on temporal usage patterns.Spatial usage patterns are irregular and affected by limited directions,adjacent rail transit stations and street networks.The findings can help form a better understanding of dockless shared bike users behavior around rail transit stations,which will contribute to improving the service and efficiency of both rail transit and BSS.展开更多
Because data warehouse is frequently changing, incremental data leads to old knowledge which is mined formerly unavailable. In order to maintain the discovered knowledge and patterns dynamically, this study presents a...Because data warehouse is frequently changing, incremental data leads to old knowledge which is mined formerly unavailable. In order to maintain the discovered knowledge and patterns dynamically, this study presents a novel algorithm updating for global frequent patterns-IPARUC. A rapid clustering method is introduced to divide database into n parts in IPARUC firstly, where the data are similar in the same part. Then, the nodes in the tree are adjusted dynamically in inserting process by ＂pruning and laying back＂ to keep the frequency descending order so that they can be shared to approaching optimization. Finally local frequent itemsets mined from each local dataset are merged into global frequent itemsets. The results of experimental study are very encouraging. It is obvious from experiment that IPARUC is more effective and efficient than other two contrastive methods. Furthermore, there is significant application potential to a prototype of Web log Analyzer in web usage mining that can help us to discover useful knowledge effectively, even help managers making decision.展开更多
Water conservation measures are rapidly becoming a necessity in urban environments all over Africa and the world. There is little innovation and available information for homeowners, building professionals and practit...Water conservation measures are rapidly becoming a necessity in urban environments all over Africa and the world. There is little innovation and available information for homeowners, building professionals and practitioners to guide towards water conservation. Water scarcity has progressively increased over periods of time in Eastleigh due to increased population density from increased high-rise apartments. The study tries to establish how water usage patterns and water conservation devices can potentially reduce water consumption levels. In the study area, 96% of the families are faced with problems related to water supply and hence are forced to come up with water conservation and adaptation strategies due to the scarcity of water. The study used survey and descriptive research design, and collected data on water usage patterns and water conservation devices from a total of 230 households in Biafra and Sewage estates in the Eastleigh neighbourhood. The results indicated that 76% of the households did not have water saving devices while the other 24% had water saving devices such as the dual flush toilets, low flow high-efficiency faucet aerators, low flow plumbing fixtures and automatic shut-off nozzles. A unit increase in water saving devices will lead to a 0.512 decrease in water consumption level. The study recommends that low-income households use water saving devices and develop water management strategies such as water-saving plumbing fixtures, rainwater harvesting, and grey water reuse.展开更多
Since the birth of molecular evolutionary analysis,primates have been a central focus of study and mitochondrial DNA is well suited to these endeavors because of its unique features.Surprisingly,to date no comprehensi...Since the birth of molecular evolutionary analysis,primates have been a central focus of study and mitochondrial DNA is well suited to these endeavors because of its unique features.Surprisingly,to date no comprehensive evaluation of the nucleotide substitution patterns has been conducted on the mitochondrial genome of primates.Here,we analyzed the evolutionary patterns and evaluated selection and recombination in the mitochondrial genomes of 44 Primates species downloaded from GenBank.The results revealed that a strong rate heterogeneity occurred among sites and genes in all comparisons.Likewise,an obvious decline in primate nucleotide diversity was noted in the subunit rRNAs and tRNAs as compared to the protein-coding genes.Within 13 protein-coding genes,the pattern of nonsynonymous divergence was similar to that of overall nucleotide divergence,while synonymous changes differed only for individual genes,indicating that the rate heterogeneity may result from the rate of change at nonsynonymous sites.Codon usage analysis revealed that there was intermediate codon usage bias in primate protein-coding genes,and supported the idea that GC mutation pressure might determine codon usage and that positive selection is not the driving force for the codon usage bias.Neutrality tests using site-specific positive selection from a Bayesian framework indicated no sites were under positive selection for any gene,consistent with near neutrality.Recombination tests based on the pairwise homoplasy test statistic supported complete linkage even for much older divergent primate species.Thus,with the exception of rate heterogeneity among mitochondrial genes,evaluating the validity assumed complete linkage and selective neutrality in primates prior to phylogenetic or phylogeographic analysis seems unnecessary.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus is the chronic disorder emerging as major world health problem which increases the rate of morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was to ascertain patterns of prescription of oral hypo...Diabetes mellitus is the chronic disorder emerging as major world health problem which increases the rate of morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was to ascertain patterns of prescription of oral hypoglycemic agents to type 2 diabetic patients attending a university hospital, and to assess patient compliance. A prospective, observational and non comparative study was conducted in 200 established diabetes mellitus type 2 patients attending outpatient department at Majeedia Hospital, New Delhi, India. Prescriptions from registered patients were included in the study. Once the consultation by the physician was over, the prescriptions were reviewed and the patients were interviewed. The information was collected in an inhouse designed documentation proforma. In a pool of 200 type 2 diabetics, more than half were female (n=106, 53%). The mean age of the patients were found to be 50.4 ± 11.7 years and mean body mass index, 25.8 ± 4.4 kg/m2. A total of 432 oral hypoglycemic agents were prescribed to the patients. Highly significant number of patients were prescribed combination therapy, (n=143, 71.5%) as compared to monotherapy (n=57, 28.5%),展开更多
With artificial intelligence’s rapid progress,language models like ChatGPT are entering higher education,offering opportunities and risks.We surveyed faculty and graduate students at Henan Medical University to exami...With artificial intelligence’s rapid progress,language models like ChatGPT are entering higher education,offering opportunities and risks.We surveyed faculty and graduate students at Henan Medical University to examine ChatGPT’s role in graduate neuroscience teaching.Quantitative analyses profiled awareness,usage patterns,perceived roles,effectiveness,and concerns.Overall usage remained below 50%.Faculty and students most often used ChatGPT for reference consultation,research support,and academic writing;user experience was generally positive.Respondents reported benefits for information and resource integration(78.42%),comprehension of complex concepts(74.10%),learning interest and engagement(62.59%),personalized learning(50.36%),and timely feedback with abundant resources(65.47%).Nevertheless,participants highlighted challenges including information accuracy,academic integrity,and technological dependence,which could impede independent learning and critical thinking.Many favored broader,well-guided adoption paired with training.We conclude that ChatGPT can meaningfully support graduate neuroscience education when integrated with human instruction,rigorous verification,and clear ethical safeguards.Future work should evaluate learning outcomes longitudinally,develop evidence-based implementation frameworks,and address equity and privacy to realize sustainable impact in specialized domains.展开更多
The habitual use of smartphones during meals has become a common behavior,raising concerns about its potential impact on eating habits and metabolic health.The present narrative review investigates how using a smartph...The habitual use of smartphones during meals has become a common behavior,raising concerns about its potential impact on eating habits and metabolic health.The present narrative review investigates how using a smartphone or tablet during meals can cause distractions and negatively affect metabolic health.A comprehensive narrative review was conducted by synthesizing peer-reviewed studies on the interplay between smartphone use during meals,eating behaviors,and metabolic health.Relevant literature was identified through searches in electronic databases and organized thematically to highlight trends and research gaps.By synthesizing evidence from existing literature,this review highlights that smartphone use during meals is associated with increased caloric intake,altered food composition,and disruptions in postprandial metabolic responses.These effects are mediated by reduced meal awareness and psychological distractions,including multitasking.Variability in findings arises from differences in study designs and populations.This review identifies critical research gaps,including the lack of longitudinal studies and the need to explore mechanisms underlying these relationships.By summarizing trends and patterns,this narrative review offers valuable insights into the complex interplay between digital device use,eating habits,and metabolic health,providing a foundation for future research and interventions.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31401822)
文摘Apple（Malus×domestica） has been proposed as an important woody plant and the major cultivated fruit trees in temperate regions. Apple whole genome sequencing has been completed, which provided an excellent opportunity for genome-wide analysis of the synonymous codon usage patterns. In this study, a multivariate bioinformatics analysis was performed to reveal the characteristics of synonymous codon usage and the main factors affecting codon bias in apple. The neutrality, correspondence, and correlation analyses were performed by Codon W and SPSS（Statistical Product and Service Solutions） programs, indicating that the apple genome codon usage patterns were affected by mutational pressure and selective constraint. Meanwhile, coding sequence length and the hydrophobicity of proteins could also influence the codon usage patterns. In short, codon usage pattern analysis and determination of optimal codons has laid an important theoretical basis for genetic engineering, gene prediction and molecular evolution studies in apple.
基金The National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFB1600900)the Project of International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51561135003)the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51338003)
文摘In order to study the spatiotemporal characteristics of the dockless bike sharing system(BSS)around urban rail transit stations,new normalized calculation methods are proposed to explore the temporal and spatial usage patterns of the dockless BSS around rail transit stations by using 5-weekday dockless bike sharing trip data in Nanjing,China.First,the rail transit station area(RTSA)is defined by extracting shared bike trips with trip ends falling into the area.Then,the temporal and spatial decomposition methods are developed and two criterions are calculated,namely,normalized dynamic variation of bikes(NDVB)and normalized spatial distribution of trips(NSDT).Furthermore,the temporal and spatial usage patterns are clustered and the corresponding geographical distributions of shared bikes are determined.The results show that four temporal usage patterns and two spatial patterns of dockless BSS are finally identified.Area type(urban center and suburb)has a great influence on temporal usage patterns.Spatial usage patterns are irregular and affected by limited directions,adjacent rail transit stations and street networks.The findings can help form a better understanding of dockless shared bike users behavior around rail transit stations,which will contribute to improving the service and efficiency of both rail transit and BSS.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60472099)Ningbo Natural Science Foundation(2006A610017)
文摘Because data warehouse is frequently changing, incremental data leads to old knowledge which is mined formerly unavailable. In order to maintain the discovered knowledge and patterns dynamically, this study presents a novel algorithm updating for global frequent patterns-IPARUC. A rapid clustering method is introduced to divide database into n parts in IPARUC firstly, where the data are similar in the same part. Then, the nodes in the tree are adjusted dynamically in inserting process by ＂pruning and laying back＂ to keep the frequency descending order so that they can be shared to approaching optimization. Finally local frequent itemsets mined from each local dataset are merged into global frequent itemsets. The results of experimental study are very encouraging. It is obvious from experiment that IPARUC is more effective and efficient than other two contrastive methods. Furthermore, there is significant application potential to a prototype of Web log Analyzer in web usage mining that can help us to discover useful knowledge effectively, even help managers making decision.
文摘Water conservation measures are rapidly becoming a necessity in urban environments all over Africa and the world. There is little innovation and available information for homeowners, building professionals and practitioners to guide towards water conservation. Water scarcity has progressively increased over periods of time in Eastleigh due to increased population density from increased high-rise apartments. The study tries to establish how water usage patterns and water conservation devices can potentially reduce water consumption levels. In the study area, 96% of the families are faced with problems related to water supply and hence are forced to come up with water conservation and adaptation strategies due to the scarcity of water. The study used survey and descriptive research design, and collected data on water usage patterns and water conservation devices from a total of 230 households in Biafra and Sewage estates in the Eastleigh neighbourhood. The results indicated that 76% of the households did not have water saving devices while the other 24% had water saving devices such as the dual flush toilets, low flow high-efficiency faucet aerators, low flow plumbing fixtures and automatic shut-off nozzles. A unit increase in water saving devices will lead to a 0.512 decrease in water consumption level. The study recommends that low-income households use water saving devices and develop water management strategies such as water-saving plumbing fixtures, rainwater harvesting, and grey water reuse.
基金Acknowledgements： This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 60205007）, Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province （No.031558, No. 04300462）, Research Foundation of National Science and Technology Plan Project （No.2004BA721A02）, Research Foundation of Science and Technology Plan Project in Guangdong Province （No.2003C50118）, and Research Foundation of Science and Technology Plan Project in Guangzhou City （No.2002Z3-E0017）.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program:2007CB411600)the Natural Science Foundation of China(30630016,30570292)。
文摘Since the birth of molecular evolutionary analysis,primates have been a central focus of study and mitochondrial DNA is well suited to these endeavors because of its unique features.Surprisingly,to date no comprehensive evaluation of the nucleotide substitution patterns has been conducted on the mitochondrial genome of primates.Here,we analyzed the evolutionary patterns and evaluated selection and recombination in the mitochondrial genomes of 44 Primates species downloaded from GenBank.The results revealed that a strong rate heterogeneity occurred among sites and genes in all comparisons.Likewise,an obvious decline in primate nucleotide diversity was noted in the subunit rRNAs and tRNAs as compared to the protein-coding genes.Within 13 protein-coding genes,the pattern of nonsynonymous divergence was similar to that of overall nucleotide divergence,while synonymous changes differed only for individual genes,indicating that the rate heterogeneity may result from the rate of change at nonsynonymous sites.Codon usage analysis revealed that there was intermediate codon usage bias in primate protein-coding genes,and supported the idea that GC mutation pressure might determine codon usage and that positive selection is not the driving force for the codon usage bias.Neutrality tests using site-specific positive selection from a Bayesian framework indicated no sites were under positive selection for any gene,consistent with near neutrality.Recombination tests based on the pairwise homoplasy test statistic supported complete linkage even for much older divergent primate species.Thus,with the exception of rate heterogeneity among mitochondrial genes,evaluating the validity assumed complete linkage and selective neutrality in primates prior to phylogenetic or phylogeographic analysis seems unnecessary.
文摘Diabetes mellitus is the chronic disorder emerging as major world health problem which increases the rate of morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was to ascertain patterns of prescription of oral hypoglycemic agents to type 2 diabetic patients attending a university hospital, and to assess patient compliance. A prospective, observational and non comparative study was conducted in 200 established diabetes mellitus type 2 patients attending outpatient department at Majeedia Hospital, New Delhi, India. Prescriptions from registered patients were included in the study. Once the consultation by the physician was over, the prescriptions were reviewed and the patients were interviewed. The information was collected in an inhouse designed documentation proforma. In a pool of 200 type 2 diabetics, more than half were female (n=106, 53%). The mean age of the patients were found to be 50.4 ± 11.7 years and mean body mass index, 25.8 ± 4.4 kg/m2. A total of 432 oral hypoglycemic agents were prescribed to the patients. Highly significant number of patients were prescribed combination therapy, (n=143, 71.5%) as compared to monotherapy (n=57, 28.5%),
基金supported by the Henan Province Graduate Education Reform and Quality Enhancement Program(YJS2024ZX26,YJS2023JD25)Henan Province Higher Education Teaching Reform Research and Practice Project(Graduate Education Category)(2023SJGLX234Y)Henan Medical University Education and Teaching Reform Research and Practice Project(2024-XYJG-78).
文摘With artificial intelligence’s rapid progress,language models like ChatGPT are entering higher education,offering opportunities and risks.We surveyed faculty and graduate students at Henan Medical University to examine ChatGPT’s role in graduate neuroscience teaching.Quantitative analyses profiled awareness,usage patterns,perceived roles,effectiveness,and concerns.Overall usage remained below 50%.Faculty and students most often used ChatGPT for reference consultation,research support,and academic writing;user experience was generally positive.Respondents reported benefits for information and resource integration(78.42%),comprehension of complex concepts(74.10%),learning interest and engagement(62.59%),personalized learning(50.36%),and timely feedback with abundant resources(65.47%).Nevertheless,participants highlighted challenges including information accuracy,academic integrity,and technological dependence,which could impede independent learning and critical thinking.Many favored broader,well-guided adoption paired with training.We conclude that ChatGPT can meaningfully support graduate neuroscience education when integrated with human instruction,rigorous verification,and clear ethical safeguards.Future work should evaluate learning outcomes longitudinally,develop evidence-based implementation frameworks,and address equity and privacy to realize sustainable impact in specialized domains.
文摘The habitual use of smartphones during meals has become a common behavior,raising concerns about its potential impact on eating habits and metabolic health.The present narrative review investigates how using a smartphone or tablet during meals can cause distractions and negatively affect metabolic health.A comprehensive narrative review was conducted by synthesizing peer-reviewed studies on the interplay between smartphone use during meals,eating behaviors,and metabolic health.Relevant literature was identified through searches in electronic databases and organized thematically to highlight trends and research gaps.By synthesizing evidence from existing literature,this review highlights that smartphone use during meals is associated with increased caloric intake,altered food composition,and disruptions in postprandial metabolic responses.These effects are mediated by reduced meal awareness and psychological distractions,including multitasking.Variability in findings arises from differences in study designs and populations.This review identifies critical research gaps,including the lack of longitudinal studies and the need to explore mechanisms underlying these relationships.By summarizing trends and patterns,this narrative review offers valuable insights into the complex interplay between digital device use,eating habits,and metabolic health,providing a foundation for future research and interventions.
