The transverse incision with longitudinal ligation(TILL)procedure is a new method for treating circumferential prolapsed hemorrhoids.A study by Song et al found TILL to be better than the traditional Milligan-Morgan h...The transverse incision with longitudinal ligation(TILL)procedure is a new method for treating circumferential prolapsed hemorrhoids.A study by Song et al found TILL to be better than the traditional Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy for short-term results,showing less pain,quicker healing,and lower risk of anal stenosis.TILL reduces tissue tension and controls blood supply,allowing effective removal of diseased tissue while maintaining anal function and structure.However,the study's limitations,including its retrospective,single-center design,small sample size,and short follow-up,restrict the findings'generalizability and ability to assess long-term outcomes like recurrence.Larger,multicenter trials are needed for a thorough evaluation and wider clinical adoption of TILL.展开更多
Mucoadhesion can be defined as a state in which two components, of which one is of biological origin, are held together for extended periods of time by the help of interfacial forces. Among the various transmucosal ro...Mucoadhesion can be defined as a state in which two components, of which one is of biological origin, are held together for extended periods of time by the help of interfacial forces. Among the various transmucosal routes, buccal mucosa has excellent accessibility and relatively immobile mucosa, hence suitable for administration of retentive dosage form. The objective of this paper is to review the works done so far in the field of mucoadhe- sire buccal drug delivery systems （MBDDS）, with a clinical perspective. Starting with a brief introduction of the mucoadhesive drug delivery systems, oral mucosa, and the theories of mucoadhesion, this article then proceeds to cover the works done so far in the field of MBDDS, categorizing them on the basis of ailments they are meant to cure. Additionally, we focus on the various patents, recent advancements, and challenges as well as the future prospects for mucoadhesive buccal drug delivery systems.展开更多
The systemic response to tissue injury, regardless of cause is characterized by a cytokine-mediated alteration in the hepatic synthesis of a number of different plasma proteins,known collectively as 'acute pha... The systemic response to tissue injury, regardless of cause is characterized by a cytokine-mediated alteration in the hepatic synthesis of a number of different plasma proteins,known collectively as 'acute phase reactants'. These proteins include C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A protein, alphal glycoprotein, ceruloplasmin, alpha macroglobulins, complement components (C1-C4, factor B, C9, C11), alpha1antitrypsin, alpha1 antichymotrypsin, fibrinogen, prothrombin,factor Ⅷ, plasminogen, haptoglobin, ferritin, immunoglobulins and lipoproteins. The initiation of the acute phase response is linked to the production of hormone-like polypeptide mediators now called cytokines, namedly, interleukin 1(IL-1),tumor necrosis factor, interferon gamma, interleukin 6 (IL-6),leukemia inhibitory factor, ciliary neurotropic factor, oncostatin M, and interleukin 11 (IL- 11).……展开更多
Background: In actual clinical settings, an occupational therapist (OT) encounters a patient with moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) walking with an anxious expression on the ward. The OT walks with the patient and en...Background: In actual clinical settings, an occupational therapist (OT) encounters a patient with moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) walking with an anxious expression on the ward. The OT walks with the patient and encourages them to look at the symbol tree in the center of the ward. Additionally, when the patient talks to the OT, the OT empathizes with them and responds appropriately. As a result, many patients feel less anxious and become calmer. Therefore, in this study, the OT walked with an elderly female patient in her 80s with moderate AD and measured the patient’s autonomic nervous system responses. The study aimed to verify to what extent the results matched the OT’s clinical observational perspective. Methods: An OT with over 10 years of experience and a good relationship with the patient conducted one-on-one walking sessions with the patient. We divided the sessions into five-time periods: when the patient and OT were sitting on a sofa, and when they were walking. We implemented the same approach to the patient as usual. Therefore, we prompted the patient to look at the symbol tree during the walking session. Additionally, when the patient talked to the OT, the OT empathized and gave appropriate responses. We checked the changes in the patient’s autonomic nervous system responses in each time period. Results: This study showed that when walking with an OT, patient with moderate AD had a significant increase in parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity. Therefore, it is suggested that the involvement of professionals such as the environment and the OT during walking training for Alzheimer’s patients may lead to improved mental stability. Conclusion: This study suggests that walking together with an OT may have a positive effect on the PNS of female patient with AD. The study also suggests that there is a potential agreement between clinical observation by the OT and evaluation results based on autonomous nervous system reactions. However, due to the limited number of patients, further studies involving a larger number of patients and multidimensional evaluations are needed.展开更多
文摘The transverse incision with longitudinal ligation(TILL)procedure is a new method for treating circumferential prolapsed hemorrhoids.A study by Song et al found TILL to be better than the traditional Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy for short-term results,showing less pain,quicker healing,and lower risk of anal stenosis.TILL reduces tissue tension and controls blood supply,allowing effective removal of diseased tissue while maintaining anal function and structure.However,the study's limitations,including its retrospective,single-center design,small sample size,and short follow-up,restrict the findings'generalizability and ability to assess long-term outcomes like recurrence.Larger,multicenter trials are needed for a thorough evaluation and wider clinical adoption of TILL.
文摘Mucoadhesion can be defined as a state in which two components, of which one is of biological origin, are held together for extended periods of time by the help of interfacial forces. Among the various transmucosal routes, buccal mucosa has excellent accessibility and relatively immobile mucosa, hence suitable for administration of retentive dosage form. The objective of this paper is to review the works done so far in the field of mucoadhe- sire buccal drug delivery systems （MBDDS）, with a clinical perspective. Starting with a brief introduction of the mucoadhesive drug delivery systems, oral mucosa, and the theories of mucoadhesion, this article then proceeds to cover the works done so far in the field of MBDDS, categorizing them on the basis of ailments they are meant to cure. Additionally, we focus on the various patents, recent advancements, and challenges as well as the future prospects for mucoadhesive buccal drug delivery systems.
文摘 The systemic response to tissue injury, regardless of cause is characterized by a cytokine-mediated alteration in the hepatic synthesis of a number of different plasma proteins,known collectively as 'acute phase reactants'. These proteins include C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A protein, alphal glycoprotein, ceruloplasmin, alpha macroglobulins, complement components (C1-C4, factor B, C9, C11), alpha1antitrypsin, alpha1 antichymotrypsin, fibrinogen, prothrombin,factor Ⅷ, plasminogen, haptoglobin, ferritin, immunoglobulins and lipoproteins. The initiation of the acute phase response is linked to the production of hormone-like polypeptide mediators now called cytokines, namedly, interleukin 1(IL-1),tumor necrosis factor, interferon gamma, interleukin 6 (IL-6),leukemia inhibitory factor, ciliary neurotropic factor, oncostatin M, and interleukin 11 (IL- 11).……
文摘Background: In actual clinical settings, an occupational therapist (OT) encounters a patient with moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) walking with an anxious expression on the ward. The OT walks with the patient and encourages them to look at the symbol tree in the center of the ward. Additionally, when the patient talks to the OT, the OT empathizes with them and responds appropriately. As a result, many patients feel less anxious and become calmer. Therefore, in this study, the OT walked with an elderly female patient in her 80s with moderate AD and measured the patient’s autonomic nervous system responses. The study aimed to verify to what extent the results matched the OT’s clinical observational perspective. Methods: An OT with over 10 years of experience and a good relationship with the patient conducted one-on-one walking sessions with the patient. We divided the sessions into five-time periods: when the patient and OT were sitting on a sofa, and when they were walking. We implemented the same approach to the patient as usual. Therefore, we prompted the patient to look at the symbol tree during the walking session. Additionally, when the patient talked to the OT, the OT empathized and gave appropriate responses. We checked the changes in the patient’s autonomic nervous system responses in each time period. Results: This study showed that when walking with an OT, patient with moderate AD had a significant increase in parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity. Therefore, it is suggested that the involvement of professionals such as the environment and the OT during walking training for Alzheimer’s patients may lead to improved mental stability. Conclusion: This study suggests that walking together with an OT may have a positive effect on the PNS of female patient with AD. The study also suggests that there is a potential agreement between clinical observation by the OT and evaluation results based on autonomous nervous system reactions. However, due to the limited number of patients, further studies involving a larger number of patients and multidimensional evaluations are needed.
