Dust deposition on the surface of photovoltaic (PV) cells poses a significant challenge to their efficiency, especially in arid regions characterized by desert and semi-desert conditions. Despite the pronounced impact...Dust deposition on the surface of photovoltaic (PV) cells poses a significant challenge to their efficiency, especially in arid regions characterized by desert and semi-desert conditions. Despite the pronounced impact of dust accumulation, these regions offer optimal solar radiation and minimal cloud cover, making them ideal candidates for widespread PV cell deployment. Various surface cleaning methods exist, each employing distinct approaches. Choosing an appropriate cleaning method requires a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms involved in both dust deposition on module surfaces and dust adhesion to PV cell surfaces. The mechanisms governing dust deposition and adhesion are complex and multifaceted, influenced by factors such as the nature and properties of the dust particles, environmental climatic conditions, characteristics of protective coatings, and the specific location of the PV installation. These factors exhibit regional variations, necessitating the implementation of diverse cleaning approaches tailored to the unique conditions of each location. The first part of this article explores the factors influencing dust deposition on PV cell surfaces, delving into the intricate interplay of environmental variables and particle characteristics. Subsequently, the second part addresses various cleaning methods, offering an analysis of their respective advantages and disadvantages. By comprehensively examining the factors influencing dust accumulation and evaluating the effectiveness of different cleaning strategies, this article aims to contribute valuable insights to the ongoing efforts to optimize the performance and longevity of photovoltaic systems in diverse geographical contexts.展开更多
Carbendazim,belonging to fungicides,was commonly used for controlling crop diseases,resulting in frequent residues in fruits and vegetables.Washing was the initial step of household fruit processing for cleaning and r...Carbendazim,belonging to fungicides,was commonly used for controlling crop diseases,resulting in frequent residues in fruits and vegetables.Washing was the initial step of household fruit processing for cleaning and reducing pollutant contents.However,the effect of washing on the removal of carbendazim in apples was not systemically studied.Thus,in this study,an analytical method was firstly established for the determination of carbendazim with great accuracy and precision through quick,simple,cheap,effective and safe(QuEChERS)method and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection(UPLC-FLD).Then,the influencing factors were systematically researched to unveil their effects on the carbendazim residue in apples.The results indicated that water temperature,washing products and washing method could obviously affect the carbendazim content in apples.In addition,the best cleaning scheme for removal of carbendazim was soaking apples for 5 min in a cleaning solution,which was prepared by dissolving 8 g of commercial fruit washing soup with 500 ml of water at 45℃.Under this condition,the removal rate of carbendazim in the washing step reached 73.91%.This study will be helpful for providing guidance for household cleaning methods for controlling pesticide residues.展开更多
A pseudo-random coding side-lobe suppression method based on CLEAN algorithm is introduced.The CLEAN algorithm mainly processes pulse compression results of a pseudo-random coding,and estimates a target＇s distance by...A pseudo-random coding side-lobe suppression method based on CLEAN algorithm is introduced.The CLEAN algorithm mainly processes pulse compression results of a pseudo-random coding,and estimates a target＇s distance by a method named interpolation method,so that we can get an ideal pulse compression result of the target,and then use the adjusted ideal pulse compression side-lobe to cut the actual pulse compression result,so as to achieve the remarkable performance of side-lobe suppression for large targets,and let the adjacent small targets appear.The computer simulations by MATLAB with this method analyze the effect of side-lobe suppression in an ideal or noisy environment.It is proved that this method can effectively solve the problem due to the side-lobe of pseudo-random coding being too high,and can enhance the radar＇s multi-target detection ability.展开更多
目的:探讨两种不同表面粗化处理(砂纸打磨及喷砂)及Ivoclean对唾液浸泡后氧化锆粘接性能的影响。方法:将52个氧化锆瓷块随机分为两组,分别选用不同方法对瓷块表面进行粗化处理:120#水砂纸打磨粗化及喷砂粗化处理。处理后,扫描电镜观察...目的:探讨两种不同表面粗化处理(砂纸打磨及喷砂)及Ivoclean对唾液浸泡后氧化锆粘接性能的影响。方法:将52个氧化锆瓷块随机分为两组,分别选用不同方法对瓷块表面进行粗化处理:120#水砂纸打磨粗化及喷砂粗化处理。处理后,扫描电镜观察其表面形态,X射线荧光光谱仪对陶瓷表面成分进行定性定量分析。将每组试样浸泡于人工唾液后,75%乙醇消毒清洁表面,根据是否配合Ivoclean分为两个亚组;将每组试样与自粘接树脂水门汀Rely X U200树脂水门汀粘接后,万能试验机测试剪切粘接强度,对界面破坏模式进行观察,并对结果进行2×2析因方差统计学分析。结果:四组的剪切粘接强度分别为:19.75±2.05 MPa(砂纸打磨+无Ivoclean)、27.46±2.02MPa(砂纸打磨+Ivoclean)、23.62±2.80MPa(喷砂+无Ivoclean)和29.81±2.61MPa(喷砂+Ivoclean)。析因方差分析结果显示:喷砂处理配合使用Ivoclean,所获得的剪切粘接强度明显高于其它各组(P<0.05)。相同消毒处理条件下,喷砂粗化组的效果均优于砂纸打磨粗化组(F=11.906,P<0.05);相同粗化条件下,乙醇消毒表面后配合Ivoclean使用可明显提升氧化锆的剪切粘接强度(F=84.191,P<0.05);表面粗化处理及清洁方式间无交互效应(F=1.005,P<0.05)。结论:表面粗化处理方式及表面清洁方式均是提高唾液浸泡后氧化锆与树脂水门汀间剪切粘接强度的相关影响因素,两者间无交互效应,喷砂处理配合使用Ivoclean可显著提升唾液浸泡后氧化锆的粘接性能。展开更多
The laws of influence of different factors have been analyzed in order to enhance the working efficiency and fatigue life of the cleaning element in brush shape of the sugarcane harvester. Based on the principle of or...The laws of influence of different factors have been analyzed in order to enhance the working efficiency and fatigue life of the cleaning element in brush shape of the sugarcane harvester. Based on the principle of orthogonal experiment design, the virtual-orthogonal-experimental analysis for the cleaning element is carried out on the finite element analysis （FEA） software-ANSYS after analyzing the nonlinear structural behavior in the working procedure. The results are analyzed with the overall balancing method, and then the optimal combination is got, which is made up of different levels of different factors. Also the optimal combination of design parameters of the cleaning element received fiom the virtual experimental analysis is conducted an experiment to confirm that the virtual analysis model and results are right, and the effect of factors on the function of the cleaning element is obtained by more analysis and further optimizing.展开更多
Sulfur contents olefins, aromatics, octane number and cetane number are very important indicators of clean fuel. The analytical methods of these indicators proposed by Research Institute of Petroleum Processing (RIPP)...Sulfur contents olefins, aromatics, octane number and cetane number are very important indicators of clean fuel. The analytical methods of these indicators proposed by Research Institute of Petroleum Processing (RIPP) were introduced in this article. These methods possess the advantages of fast, convenient and precise, and have been used in R&D work and production process control as well.展开更多
文摘Dust deposition on the surface of photovoltaic (PV) cells poses a significant challenge to their efficiency, especially in arid regions characterized by desert and semi-desert conditions. Despite the pronounced impact of dust accumulation, these regions offer optimal solar radiation and minimal cloud cover, making them ideal candidates for widespread PV cell deployment. Various surface cleaning methods exist, each employing distinct approaches. Choosing an appropriate cleaning method requires a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms involved in both dust deposition on module surfaces and dust adhesion to PV cell surfaces. The mechanisms governing dust deposition and adhesion are complex and multifaceted, influenced by factors such as the nature and properties of the dust particles, environmental climatic conditions, characteristics of protective coatings, and the specific location of the PV installation. These factors exhibit regional variations, necessitating the implementation of diverse cleaning approaches tailored to the unique conditions of each location. The first part of this article explores the factors influencing dust deposition on PV cell surfaces, delving into the intricate interplay of environmental variables and particle characteristics. Subsequently, the second part addresses various cleaning methods, offering an analysis of their respective advantages and disadvantages. By comprehensively examining the factors influencing dust accumulation and evaluating the effectiveness of different cleaning strategies, this article aims to contribute valuable insights to the ongoing efforts to optimize the performance and longevity of photovoltaic systems in diverse geographical contexts.
基金Supported by Course Construction Project of Huanggang Normal University(2022KC20)Training Program of the Major Research Plan of Huanggang Normal University(202211604).
文摘Carbendazim,belonging to fungicides,was commonly used for controlling crop diseases,resulting in frequent residues in fruits and vegetables.Washing was the initial step of household fruit processing for cleaning and reducing pollutant contents.However,the effect of washing on the removal of carbendazim in apples was not systemically studied.Thus,in this study,an analytical method was firstly established for the determination of carbendazim with great accuracy and precision through quick,simple,cheap,effective and safe(QuEChERS)method and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection(UPLC-FLD).Then,the influencing factors were systematically researched to unveil their effects on the carbendazim residue in apples.The results indicated that water temperature,washing products and washing method could obviously affect the carbendazim content in apples.In addition,the best cleaning scheme for removal of carbendazim was soaking apples for 5 min in a cleaning solution,which was prepared by dissolving 8 g of commercial fruit washing soup with 500 ml of water at 45℃.Under this condition,the removal rate of carbendazim in the washing step reached 73.91%.This study will be helpful for providing guidance for household cleaning methods for controlling pesticide residues.
文摘A pseudo-random coding side-lobe suppression method based on CLEAN algorithm is introduced.The CLEAN algorithm mainly processes pulse compression results of a pseudo-random coding,and estimates a target＇s distance by a method named interpolation method,so that we can get an ideal pulse compression result of the target,and then use the adjusted ideal pulse compression side-lobe to cut the actual pulse compression result,so as to achieve the remarkable performance of side-lobe suppression for large targets,and let the adjacent small targets appear.The computer simulations by MATLAB with this method analyze the effect of side-lobe suppression in an ideal or noisy environment.It is proved that this method can effectively solve the problem due to the side-lobe of pseudo-random coding being too high,and can enhance the radar＇s multi-target detection ability.
文摘目的:探讨两种不同表面粗化处理(砂纸打磨及喷砂)及Ivoclean对唾液浸泡后氧化锆粘接性能的影响。方法:将52个氧化锆瓷块随机分为两组,分别选用不同方法对瓷块表面进行粗化处理:120#水砂纸打磨粗化及喷砂粗化处理。处理后,扫描电镜观察其表面形态,X射线荧光光谱仪对陶瓷表面成分进行定性定量分析。将每组试样浸泡于人工唾液后,75%乙醇消毒清洁表面,根据是否配合Ivoclean分为两个亚组;将每组试样与自粘接树脂水门汀Rely X U200树脂水门汀粘接后,万能试验机测试剪切粘接强度,对界面破坏模式进行观察,并对结果进行2×2析因方差统计学分析。结果:四组的剪切粘接强度分别为:19.75±2.05 MPa(砂纸打磨+无Ivoclean)、27.46±2.02MPa(砂纸打磨+Ivoclean)、23.62±2.80MPa(喷砂+无Ivoclean)和29.81±2.61MPa(喷砂+Ivoclean)。析因方差分析结果显示:喷砂处理配合使用Ivoclean,所获得的剪切粘接强度明显高于其它各组(P<0.05)。相同消毒处理条件下,喷砂粗化组的效果均优于砂纸打磨粗化组(F=11.906,P<0.05);相同粗化条件下,乙醇消毒表面后配合Ivoclean使用可明显提升氧化锆的剪切粘接强度(F=84.191,P<0.05);表面粗化处理及清洁方式间无交互效应(F=1.005,P<0.05)。结论:表面粗化处理方式及表面清洁方式均是提高唾液浸泡后氧化锆与树脂水门汀间剪切粘接强度的相关影响因素,两者间无交互效应,喷砂处理配合使用Ivoclean可显著提升唾液浸泡后氧化锆的粘接性能。
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50365001).
文摘The laws of influence of different factors have been analyzed in order to enhance the working efficiency and fatigue life of the cleaning element in brush shape of the sugarcane harvester. Based on the principle of orthogonal experiment design, the virtual-orthogonal-experimental analysis for the cleaning element is carried out on the finite element analysis （FEA） software-ANSYS after analyzing the nonlinear structural behavior in the working procedure. The results are analyzed with the overall balancing method, and then the optimal combination is got, which is made up of different levels of different factors. Also the optimal combination of design parameters of the cleaning element received fiom the virtual experimental analysis is conducted an experiment to confirm that the virtual analysis model and results are right, and the effect of factors on the function of the cleaning element is obtained by more analysis and further optimizing.
文摘Sulfur contents olefins, aromatics, octane number and cetane number are very important indicators of clean fuel. The analytical methods of these indicators proposed by Research Institute of Petroleum Processing (RIPP) were introduced in this article. These methods possess the advantages of fast, convenient and precise, and have been used in R&D work and production process control as well.
