Introduction: To compare the Brazilian conditional cash transfer program, the “Bolsa Família” with the similar programs found in Latin America regarding its effects in the children’s growth and development. Me...Introduction: To compare the Brazilian conditional cash transfer program, the “Bolsa Família” with the similar programs found in Latin America regarding its effects in the children’s growth and development. Methods: The systematic review contemplated the Scopus, Embase, Pubmed, Scielo and Lilacs data bases. The inclusion criteria were epidemiological quantitative, observational, descriptive and analytical studies that had as target public children contemplated by the income transfer program with health conditionalities in Latin America. Narrative reviews related to the research theme were excluded as well as systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis related to the research theme. Results: The titles and abridgements review from 1007 articles resulted in the selection of 17 complete studies. After the quality analysis of these, as well as the application of the inclusion criteria, 10 articles were included in this review. Among the types of epidemiologic studies selected to compose this systematic review, 3 are cohort analytical studies. Conclusion: Studies carried out in Brazil, Mexico, Ecuador and Nicaragua were selected and indicated the positive effects that the conditional income transfer brought to the anthropometric index from beneficiary children in the researched countries.展开更多
Background: Growth retardation is a challenge in Bangladesh. School feeding programs with fortified biscuits have been evaluated in Bangladesh. However, the impacts of a school meal program using local foods on the gr...Background: Growth retardation is a challenge in Bangladesh. School feeding programs with fortified biscuits have been evaluated in Bangladesh. However, the impacts of a school meal program using local foods on the growth and nutritional status of children have not been investigated. Objective: To determine whether a school meal program (SMP) using local foods with soybean could improve children’s growth and micronutrient status in rural Bangladesh. Methods: Two primary schools were randomly assigned as intervention (SMP;n = 200) and control (non-SMP;n = 200) schools. Children in the intervention school were supplied a school meal with local foods including soybean, containing more than one-third of the recommended daily allowance of energy and nutrients, 5 days/week for 8 months. The attendance rate and school lunch consumption of the children were monitored. Baseline and final anthropometry, hemoglobin and micronutrient status were assessed. Results: There were no significant differences in anthropometric measurements at baseline between the intervention and control groups, but there were differences in the prevalence of anemia, vitamin A deficiency and zinc deficiency. After the intervention, children in the SMP school showed a larger degree of improvement in the height-for-age Z-score (P Conclusion: A school meal program using local foods with soybean improved the height velocity and hemoglobin concentration of children in rural Bangladesh.展开更多
Background: Despite efforts to expand prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in resource-limited settings, only 53% of women in sub-Saharan Africa receive adequate PMTCT services. Understanding fact...Background: Despite efforts to expand prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in resource-limited settings, only 53% of women in sub-Saharan Africa receive adequate PMTCT services. Understanding factors that enable successful program completion are crucial to improving adherence rates to PMTCT programs in these settings. Using a positive deviance approach, we explored patient and provider’s perspectives on factors enabling women to successfully access and adhere to PMTCT services to identify areas of program improvement and further reduce HIV transmission. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 health care workers (HCWs) at two health centers in Kara, Togo and 34 women who had successfully completed the PMTCT program at those facilities. Women were identified using purposive sampling and content theme analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: Knowledge and belief in the potential to give birth to an HIV-negative child, supported by facilitating factors on the individual and community levels, was the cornerstone to women’s PMTCT program success. Effective program education and peer-to-peer interactions fostered the participants’ knowledge and belief in PMTCT, with the resulting internal motivation driving continued participation and adherence. The welcoming environment, availability of peer support groups and financial assistance from the health facility, further facilitated success, with women using this facility-based community to seek advice and support from HCWs and peers. Financial, physical, and emotional support from relatives was also important in ensuring unhindered access. Finally, the faith-based communities’ acceptance and support for HIV-positive women further encouraged participants to adhere to the program. Conclusion: Understanding and believing in the ability to have an HIV-negative baby was the most important facilitator for PMTCT program adherence. This led to internal motivation that was continually reinforced through facility and community supportive environments focused on addressing barriers. Efforts to improve PMTCT success should focus on all of these factors through a patient-centered approach.展开更多
回顾性分析1例7岁女性脑海绵状血管瘤患儿的临床资料及基因检测结果。患儿因头痛1个月入院,头颅磁共振提示脑海绵状血管瘤,基因检测示程序性细胞死亡因子10(programmed cell death 10,PDCD10)基因存在致病性杂合突变c.456T>G(p.Tyr15...回顾性分析1例7岁女性脑海绵状血管瘤患儿的临床资料及基因检测结果。患儿因头痛1个月入院,头颅磁共振提示脑海绵状血管瘤,基因检测示程序性细胞死亡因子10(programmed cell death 10,PDCD10)基因存在致病性杂合突变c.456T>G(p.Tyr152Ter,61),父母该位点为野生型。患儿无癫痫发作、脑出血及神经功能障碍等表现,给予保守治疗,门诊定期复查头颅磁共振。展开更多
目的:分析辅助性T细胞(T helper cell,Th)(Th1、Th2、Th17)和程序性细胞死亡受体1(programmed cell death protein 1,PD-1)与儿童腺样体肥大的关系,为儿童腺样体肥大的诊断及个体化治疗提供依据。方法:选取2021年9月—2023年9月就诊于...目的:分析辅助性T细胞(T helper cell,Th)(Th1、Th2、Th17)和程序性细胞死亡受体1(programmed cell death protein 1,PD-1)与儿童腺样体肥大的关系,为儿童腺样体肥大的诊断及个体化治疗提供依据。方法:选取2021年9月—2023年9月就诊于盐城市第一人民医院耳鼻咽喉科全麻内镜下行腺样体切除术患儿150例,年龄4~14岁,其中单纯腺样体肥大Ⅲ度(Ⅲ度组)、单纯腺样体肥大Ⅳ度(Ⅳ度组)、单纯腺样体肥大Ⅳ度伴变应性鼻炎(鼻炎组)患儿各50例,另选50名4~14岁健康儿童作为对照组。通过流式细胞术检测各组血清中Th1、Th2、Th17分泌的主要细胞因子IL-2、TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-17A水平,比较它们在各组之间表达的差异。运用流式细胞术检测外周血及腺样体组织中PD-1^(+)CD4^(+)T细胞水平,分析PD-1^(+)CD4^(+)T细胞比例在各组中的表达水平。此外,分析鼻炎组患儿手术前后血清中IL-2、TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-17A的差异。结果:(1)外周血中IL-4、IL-5、IL-17A水平从高到低分别为鼻炎组、Ⅳ度组、Ⅲ度组及对照组,各组之间差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。外周血中TNF-α、IFN-γ水平从高到低依次为对照组、Ⅲ度组、Ⅳ度组、鼻炎组,各组之间差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。IL-2、IL-6在4组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)外周血Th1/Th2从高到低分别为对照组、Ⅲ度组、Ⅳ度组、鼻炎组(P<0.05)。(3)鼻炎组外周血及腺样体组织中PD-1^(+)CD4^(+)T细胞比例均高于其余3组(均P<0.05)。(4)相关性分析发现,Ⅲ度组IL-17A与TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-5质量浓度呈负相关;Ⅳ度组IL-17A与TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-5质量浓度呈正相关;鼻炎组IL-17A与TNF-α、IFN-γ质量浓度呈负相关,与IL-4、IL-5质量浓度呈正相关。Ⅲ度组PD-1^(+)CD4^(+)T细胞比例与TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-5、IL-17A质量浓度呈正相关;Ⅳ度组PD-1^(+)CD4^(+)T细胞比例与TNF-α、IL-4、IL-5、IL-17A质量浓度呈正相关;鼻炎组PD-1^(+)CD4^(+)T细胞比例与TNF-α、IL-4、IL-5、IL-17A质量浓度呈正相关(均P<0.05)。(5)鼻炎组患儿术后TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-5、IL-17A水平均高于术前(均P<0.05),Th1/Th2高于术前(P<0.05),IL-2、IL-6手术前后比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:(1)Th1、Th2、Th17及其分泌的细胞因子TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-5、IL-17A在儿童腺样体肥大的发病、进展中发挥重要的作用。(2)PD-1可能参与儿童腺样体肥大进展。(3)变应性鼻炎与儿童腺样体肥大的程度密切相关。展开更多
文摘Introduction: To compare the Brazilian conditional cash transfer program, the “Bolsa Família” with the similar programs found in Latin America regarding its effects in the children’s growth and development. Methods: The systematic review contemplated the Scopus, Embase, Pubmed, Scielo and Lilacs data bases. The inclusion criteria were epidemiological quantitative, observational, descriptive and analytical studies that had as target public children contemplated by the income transfer program with health conditionalities in Latin America. Narrative reviews related to the research theme were excluded as well as systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis related to the research theme. Results: The titles and abridgements review from 1007 articles resulted in the selection of 17 complete studies. After the quality analysis of these, as well as the application of the inclusion criteria, 10 articles were included in this review. Among the types of epidemiologic studies selected to compose this systematic review, 3 are cohort analytical studies. Conclusion: Studies carried out in Brazil, Mexico, Ecuador and Nicaragua were selected and indicated the positive effects that the conditional income transfer brought to the anthropometric index from beneficiary children in the researched countries.
文摘Background: Growth retardation is a challenge in Bangladesh. School feeding programs with fortified biscuits have been evaluated in Bangladesh. However, the impacts of a school meal program using local foods on the growth and nutritional status of children have not been investigated. Objective: To determine whether a school meal program (SMP) using local foods with soybean could improve children’s growth and micronutrient status in rural Bangladesh. Methods: Two primary schools were randomly assigned as intervention (SMP;n = 200) and control (non-SMP;n = 200) schools. Children in the intervention school were supplied a school meal with local foods including soybean, containing more than one-third of the recommended daily allowance of energy and nutrients, 5 days/week for 8 months. The attendance rate and school lunch consumption of the children were monitored. Baseline and final anthropometry, hemoglobin and micronutrient status were assessed. Results: There were no significant differences in anthropometric measurements at baseline between the intervention and control groups, but there were differences in the prevalence of anemia, vitamin A deficiency and zinc deficiency. After the intervention, children in the SMP school showed a larger degree of improvement in the height-for-age Z-score (P Conclusion: A school meal program using local foods with soybean improved the height velocity and hemoglobin concentration of children in rural Bangladesh.
文摘Background: Despite efforts to expand prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in resource-limited settings, only 53% of women in sub-Saharan Africa receive adequate PMTCT services. Understanding factors that enable successful program completion are crucial to improving adherence rates to PMTCT programs in these settings. Using a positive deviance approach, we explored patient and provider’s perspectives on factors enabling women to successfully access and adhere to PMTCT services to identify areas of program improvement and further reduce HIV transmission. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 health care workers (HCWs) at two health centers in Kara, Togo and 34 women who had successfully completed the PMTCT program at those facilities. Women were identified using purposive sampling and content theme analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: Knowledge and belief in the potential to give birth to an HIV-negative child, supported by facilitating factors on the individual and community levels, was the cornerstone to women’s PMTCT program success. Effective program education and peer-to-peer interactions fostered the participants’ knowledge and belief in PMTCT, with the resulting internal motivation driving continued participation and adherence. The welcoming environment, availability of peer support groups and financial assistance from the health facility, further facilitated success, with women using this facility-based community to seek advice and support from HCWs and peers. Financial, physical, and emotional support from relatives was also important in ensuring unhindered access. Finally, the faith-based communities’ acceptance and support for HIV-positive women further encouraged participants to adhere to the program. Conclusion: Understanding and believing in the ability to have an HIV-negative baby was the most important facilitator for PMTCT program adherence. This led to internal motivation that was continually reinforced through facility and community supportive environments focused on addressing barriers. Efforts to improve PMTCT success should focus on all of these factors through a patient-centered approach.
文摘回顾性分析1例7岁女性脑海绵状血管瘤患儿的临床资料及基因检测结果。患儿因头痛1个月入院,头颅磁共振提示脑海绵状血管瘤,基因检测示程序性细胞死亡因子10(programmed cell death 10,PDCD10)基因存在致病性杂合突变c.456T>G(p.Tyr152Ter,61),父母该位点为野生型。患儿无癫痫发作、脑出血及神经功能障碍等表现,给予保守治疗,门诊定期复查头颅磁共振。
文摘目的:分析辅助性T细胞(T helper cell,Th)(Th1、Th2、Th17)和程序性细胞死亡受体1(programmed cell death protein 1,PD-1)与儿童腺样体肥大的关系,为儿童腺样体肥大的诊断及个体化治疗提供依据。方法:选取2021年9月—2023年9月就诊于盐城市第一人民医院耳鼻咽喉科全麻内镜下行腺样体切除术患儿150例,年龄4~14岁,其中单纯腺样体肥大Ⅲ度(Ⅲ度组)、单纯腺样体肥大Ⅳ度(Ⅳ度组)、单纯腺样体肥大Ⅳ度伴变应性鼻炎(鼻炎组)患儿各50例,另选50名4~14岁健康儿童作为对照组。通过流式细胞术检测各组血清中Th1、Th2、Th17分泌的主要细胞因子IL-2、TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-17A水平,比较它们在各组之间表达的差异。运用流式细胞术检测外周血及腺样体组织中PD-1^(+)CD4^(+)T细胞水平,分析PD-1^(+)CD4^(+)T细胞比例在各组中的表达水平。此外,分析鼻炎组患儿手术前后血清中IL-2、TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-17A的差异。结果:(1)外周血中IL-4、IL-5、IL-17A水平从高到低分别为鼻炎组、Ⅳ度组、Ⅲ度组及对照组,各组之间差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。外周血中TNF-α、IFN-γ水平从高到低依次为对照组、Ⅲ度组、Ⅳ度组、鼻炎组,各组之间差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。IL-2、IL-6在4组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)外周血Th1/Th2从高到低分别为对照组、Ⅲ度组、Ⅳ度组、鼻炎组(P<0.05)。(3)鼻炎组外周血及腺样体组织中PD-1^(+)CD4^(+)T细胞比例均高于其余3组(均P<0.05)。(4)相关性分析发现,Ⅲ度组IL-17A与TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-5质量浓度呈负相关;Ⅳ度组IL-17A与TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-5质量浓度呈正相关;鼻炎组IL-17A与TNF-α、IFN-γ质量浓度呈负相关,与IL-4、IL-5质量浓度呈正相关。Ⅲ度组PD-1^(+)CD4^(+)T细胞比例与TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-5、IL-17A质量浓度呈正相关;Ⅳ度组PD-1^(+)CD4^(+)T细胞比例与TNF-α、IL-4、IL-5、IL-17A质量浓度呈正相关;鼻炎组PD-1^(+)CD4^(+)T细胞比例与TNF-α、IL-4、IL-5、IL-17A质量浓度呈正相关(均P<0.05)。(5)鼻炎组患儿术后TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-5、IL-17A水平均高于术前(均P<0.05),Th1/Th2高于术前(P<0.05),IL-2、IL-6手术前后比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:(1)Th1、Th2、Th17及其分泌的细胞因子TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-5、IL-17A在儿童腺样体肥大的发病、进展中发挥重要的作用。(2)PD-1可能参与儿童腺样体肥大进展。(3)变应性鼻炎与儿童腺样体肥大的程度密切相关。
