A general numerical tool, based on thermal diffusion equation and full-vectorial eigen-mode equation, has been presented for the systematic analysis of graded index channel waveguide fabricated by ion exchange on Er^3...A general numerical tool, based on thermal diffusion equation and full-vectorial eigen-mode equation, has been presented for the systematic analysis of graded index channel waveguide fabricated by ion exchange on Er^3＋ doped glass. Finite difference method with full-vectorial formulation （FV-FDM） is applied to solving the full-vectorial modes of graded index channel waveguide for the first time. The coupled difference equations based on magnetic fields in FV-FDM are derived from the Taylor series expansion and accurate formulation of boundary conditions. Hybrid nature of vectorial guided modes for both pump （980 nm） and signal light （1550 nm） are demonstrated by the simulation. Results show that the fabrication parameters of ion exchange, such as channel opening width and time ratio of second step to first step in ion exchange, have large influence on the properties of waveguide. By optimizing the fabrication parameters, maintenance of monomode for signal light and improvement of the gain dynamics can be achieved in Er^3＋ doped waveguide amplifier （EDWA） fabricated by ion exchange technique. This theoretical model is significant for the design and fabrication of EDWA with ion exchange technique. Furthermore, a single polarization EDWA, which operates at wavelength from 1528 nm to 1541 nm for HE polarization, is numerically designed.展开更多
We report on high-performance waveguide lasers based on depressed-cladding waveguides fabricated by a femtosecond laser in Tm:YGG crystals.Pumped with a 1700-nm Raman fiber laser,the performances of Tm:YGG waveguide l...We report on high-performance waveguide lasers based on depressed-cladding waveguides fabricated by a femtosecond laser in Tm:YGG crystals.Pumped with a 1700-nm Raman fiber laser,the performances of Tm:YGG waveguide lasers have been investigated.Benefiting from the high quantum efficiency of an in-band pumping scheme and the high quality of depressed-cladding waveguides,the highest output power of 2.2 W has been achieved at 2μm,with a slope efficiency of 34.9%.This is,to the best of our knowledge,the highest power ever reported from such 2-μm waveguide lasers.Our work is of great significance to fabricate high-performance and high-power waveguide lasers in integrated photonics.展开更多
Lithium niobate(LiNbO_(3),LN)channel and ridge waveguides have been successfully fabricated by He ion implantation,which has energy of 500 keV and fluence of 1.5×10^(16)ions/cm^(2) and is combined with lithograph...Lithium niobate(LiNbO_(3),LN)channel and ridge waveguides have been successfully fabricated by He ion implantation,which has energy of 500 keV and fluence of 1.5×10^(16)ions/cm^(2) and is combined with lithography and the precise diamond dicing technique.The refractive index profile of the annealed LN planar waveguide was reconstructed.The propagation loss of the channel waveguide with a width of 10μm and that of the ridge waveguides with widths of 25μm and 15μm were investigated by the end-face coupling method.In our work,the factors that affect the waveguide properties of channel and ridge waveguides were revealed.展开更多
基金supported by the Foundation for Development of Science and Technology of Shanghai (Grant No 022261002)
文摘A general numerical tool, based on thermal diffusion equation and full-vectorial eigen-mode equation, has been presented for the systematic analysis of graded index channel waveguide fabricated by ion exchange on Er^3＋ doped glass. Finite difference method with full-vectorial formulation （FV-FDM） is applied to solving the full-vectorial modes of graded index channel waveguide for the first time. The coupled difference equations based on magnetic fields in FV-FDM are derived from the Taylor series expansion and accurate formulation of boundary conditions. Hybrid nature of vectorial guided modes for both pump （980 nm） and signal light （1550 nm） are demonstrated by the simulation. Results show that the fabrication parameters of ion exchange, such as channel opening width and time ratio of second step to first step in ion exchange, have large influence on the properties of waveguide. By optimizing the fabrication parameters, maintenance of monomode for signal light and improvement of the gain dynamics can be achieved in Er^3＋ doped waveguide amplifier （EDWA） fabricated by ion exchange technique. This theoretical model is significant for the design and fabrication of EDWA with ion exchange technique. Furthermore, a single polarization EDWA, which operates at wavelength from 1528 nm to 1541 nm for HE polarization, is numerically designed.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2022QA033)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12204274)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(No.2024ZLGX02-3)the project PID2022141499OB-100,funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/and by FEDER/UE。
文摘We report on high-performance waveguide lasers based on depressed-cladding waveguides fabricated by a femtosecond laser in Tm:YGG crystals.Pumped with a 1700-nm Raman fiber laser,the performances of Tm:YGG waveguide lasers have been investigated.Benefiting from the high quantum efficiency of an in-band pumping scheme and the high quality of depressed-cladding waveguides,the highest output power of 2.2 W has been achieved at 2μm,with a slope efficiency of 34.9%.This is,to the best of our knowledge,the highest power ever reported from such 2-μm waveguide lasers.Our work is of great significance to fabricate high-performance and high-power waveguide lasers in integrated photonics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11805142,11205096,and 11874243)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2020QF086)。
文摘Lithium niobate(LiNbO_(3),LN)channel and ridge waveguides have been successfully fabricated by He ion implantation,which has energy of 500 keV and fluence of 1.5×10^(16)ions/cm^(2) and is combined with lithography and the precise diamond dicing technique.The refractive index profile of the annealed LN planar waveguide was reconstructed.The propagation loss of the channel waveguide with a width of 10μm and that of the ridge waveguides with widths of 25μm and 15μm were investigated by the end-face coupling method.In our work,the factors that affect the waveguide properties of channel and ridge waveguides were revealed.
