Using a modified subgradient extragradient algorithm, this paper proposed a novel approach to solving a supply chain network equilibrium model. The method extends the scope of optimisation and improves the accuracy at...Using a modified subgradient extragradient algorithm, this paper proposed a novel approach to solving a supply chain network equilibrium model. The method extends the scope of optimisation and improves the accuracy at each iteration by incorporating adaptive parameter selection and a more general subgradient projection operator. The advantages of the proposed method are highlighted by the proof of strong convergence presented in the paper. Several concrete examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm, with comparisons illustrating its superior CPU running time compared to alternative techniques. The practical applicability of the algorithm is also demonstrated by applying it to a realistic supply chain network model.展开更多
Quantum networks with multiple sources always face performance challenges due to the vulnerability of quantum systems. Thus, it is highly desirable to have the capability to continuously monitor and determine the exac...Quantum networks with multiple sources always face performance challenges due to the vulnerability of quantum systems. Thus, it is highly desirable to have the capability to continuously monitor and determine the exact number of quantum sources versus classical sources present within the network. Hierarchical network nonlocality can reveal the relationship between network nonlocality and the number of quantum sources within the network, thus becoming a way to address the aforementioned issue. However, up to now, precise hierarchical network nonlocality inequalities have only been established for star networks, and cannot be obtained for other non-star structured networks [Phys. Rev. Lett. 128 010403(2022) and Phys. Rev. A 110 022617(2024)]. In this paper, we establish more refined criteria for hierarchical network nonlocality inequalities in arbitrary network structures. Violating such inequalities can reveal the exact number of quantum sources in the network. These results enhance the understanding of quantum source distribution in complex network topologies.展开更多
The classical supply chain network(SCN)design problem is extended,where the candidate facilities are subject to failure and the products are prone to elapsed time deteriorion.First,the reliable SCN design problem is d...The classical supply chain network(SCN)design problem is extended,where the candidate facilities are subject to failure and the products are prone to elapsed time deteriorion.First,the reliable SCN design problem is defined by introducing the probability that a facility may be prone to inactivity based on the analysis of perishable product characteristics.The perishable product SCN design problem is formulated as a 0-1 integer programming model.The objective is to minimize the weighted sum of the operating cost(the fixed plus transportation cost)and the expected failure cost.And then,the perishable product SCN design model is discussed and solved using the genetic algorithm(GA).The results show how to generate the tradeoff curve between the operating costs and the expected failure costs.And these tradeoff curves demonstrate empirically that substantial improvements in reliability are often possible with minimal increase in the operating costs.展开更多
As for the factors affecting the heat transfer performance of complex and nonlinear oscillating heat pipe (OHP),grey relational analysis (GRA) was used to deal with the relationship between heat transfer rate of a loo...As for the factors affecting the heat transfer performance of complex and nonlinear oscillating heat pipe (OHP),grey relational analysis (GRA) was used to deal with the relationship between heat transfer rate of a looped copper-water OHP and charging ratio,inner diameter,inclination angel,heat input,number of turns,and the main influencing factors were defined.Then,forecasting model was obtained by using main influencing factors (such as charging ratio,interior diameter,and inclination angel) as the inputs of function chain neural network.The results show that the relative average error between the predicted and actual value is 4%,which illustrates that the function chain neural network can be applied to predict the performance of OHP accurately.展开更多
The supply chain network with capacity constraints of manufacturers and retailers is considered.The linkage between supply chain network equilibrium and transportation network equilibrium is investigated.By analyzing ...The supply chain network with capacity constraints of manufacturers and retailers is considered.The linkage between supply chain network equilibrium and transportation network equilibrium is investigated.By analyzing the relationships among the manufacturers,retailers and consumers in the supply chain network and their own decisions concerning maximum profits,a combined variational inequality for the supply chain network equilibrium mode is proposed.Then an equivalent supernetwork of the supply chain network is constructed by adding additional links which denote the producing of manufactures and the handling of retailers.By the supernetwork,the supply chain network equilibrium model can be reformulated as a transportation network equilibrium model.Equivalent mathematical programming is,therefore,obtained based on the principle of a Wardrop user equilibrium.The corresponding Lagrange multiplier of the capacity constraints can be explained as the extra cost of marginal production when capacity is exceeded.A numerical example is given to illustrate the rationality of the model and the validity of the results.展开更多
Contract is a common and effective mechanism for supply chain coordination,which has been studied extensively in recent years.For a supply chain network model,contracts can be used to coordinate it because it is too i...Contract is a common and effective mechanism for supply chain coordination,which has been studied extensively in recent years.For a supply chain network model,contracts can be used to coordinate it because it is too ideal to obtain the network equilibrium state in practical market competition.In order to achieve equilibrium,we introduce revenue sharing contract into a supply chain network equilibrium model with random demand in this paper.Then,we investigate the influence on this network equilibrium state from demand disruptions caused by unexpected emergencies.When demand disruptions happen,the supply chain network equilibrium state will be broken and change to a new one,so the decision makers need to adjust the contract parameters to achieve the new coordinated state through bargaining.Finally,a numerical example with a sudden demand increase as a result of emergent event is provided for illustrative purposes.展开更多
Purpose:With the availability and utilization of Inter-Country Input-Output(ICIO)tables,it is possible to construct quantitative indices to assess its impact on the Global Value Chain(GVC).For the sake of visualizatio...Purpose:With the availability and utilization of Inter-Country Input-Output(ICIO)tables,it is possible to construct quantitative indices to assess its impact on the Global Value Chain(GVC).For the sake of visualization,ICIO networks with tremendous low-weight edges are too dense to show the substantial structure.These redundant edges,inevitably make the network data full of noise and eventually exert negative effects on Social Network Analysis(SNA).In this case,we need a method to filter such edges and obtain a sparser network with only the meaningful connections.Design/methodology/approach:In this paper,we propose two parameterless pruning algorithms from the global and local perspectives respectively,then the performance of them is examined using the ICIO table from different databases.Findings:The Searching Paths(SP)method extracts the strongest association paths from the global perspective,while Filtering Edges(FE)method captures the key links according to the local weight ratio.The results show that the FE method can basically include the SP method and become the best solution for the ICIO networks.Research limitations:There are still two limitations in this research.One is that the computational complexity may increase rapidly while processing the large-scale networks,so the proposed method should be further improved.The other is that much more empirical networks should be introduced to testify the scientificity and practicability of our methodology.Practical implications:The network pruning methods we proposed will promote the analysis of the ICIO network,in terms of community detection,link prediction,and spatial econometrics,etc.Also,they can be applied to many other complex networks with similar characteristics.Originality/value:This paper improves the existing research from two aspects,namely,considering the heterogeneity of weights and avoiding the interference of parameters.Therefore,it provides a new idea for the research of network backbone extraction.展开更多
With the increasing popularity of ecological civilization and sustainable development,enterprises should consider environmental protection measures in their operations in addition to pursue their economic interests.Th...With the increasing popularity of ecological civilization and sustainable development,enterprises should consider environmental protection measures in their operations in addition to pursue their economic interests.This paper establsihes a closed-loop supply chain network model composed of multiple suppliers,manufacturers,retailers,recyclers,and demand markets—regarding their dual goals of the profit maximization and the minimization of carbon emissions.The conditions necessary for establishing overall equilibrium and an equilibrium model of the entire closed-loop supply chain network are determined by applying variational inequality and dual theory.A modified projection contraction algorithm is used to design a model-solving program.Finally,using numerical examples,the paper conducts a comparative static analysis on important parameters such as the weight coefficients of environmental protection objectives and consumers'awareness of low-carbon environmental protection and attains some beneficial enlightenment on management.The results indicate that when the environmental protection objectives of a certain type of enterprise increases,both the economic benefits and environmental protection performance will improve;when the environmental protection objectives of all enterprises increases simultaneously,environmental protection performance improves significantly,but the changes in economic benefits of different enterprises are inconsistent and profit coordination is more complex.Although consumers’awareness of low-carbon preference could improve environmental performance,it reduces the overall profits of network members and the entire closed-loop supply chain network as a whole.The above conclusions can be used as a reference for the government in designing low-carbon environmental protection policy and in closed-loop supply chain research.展开更多
Opportunistic routing(OR) is an effective way to guarantee transmission reliability in wireless multi-hop networks.However,little research focuses on transmission efficiency.Thus,an analytical model based on open queu...Opportunistic routing(OR) is an effective way to guarantee transmission reliability in wireless multi-hop networks.However,little research focuses on transmission efficiency.Thus,an analytical model based on open queuing network with Markov chains was proposed to evaluate the efficiency.By analyzing two typical ORs,we find duplicate transmission and collision avoidance overhead are the root reasons behind inefficiency.Therefore,a new scheme called dual priority cooperative opportunistic routing(DPCOR) was proposed.In DPCOR,forwarding candidates are configured with dual priority,which enables the network to classify forwarding candidates more effectively so as to reduce the back-off time and obtain more diversity gain.Theoretical analysis and simulation results show DPCOR achieves significant performance improvement with less time overhead compared with traditional routings and typical ORs.展开更多
Virtualization of network/service functions means time sharing network/service（and affiliated）resources in a hyper speed manner.The concept of time sharing was popularized in the 1970s with mainframe computing.The s...Virtualization of network/service functions means time sharing network/service（and affiliated）resources in a hyper speed manner.The concept of time sharing was popularized in the 1970s with mainframe computing.The same concept has recently resurfaced under the guise of cloud computing and virtualized computing.Although cloud computing was originally used in IT for server virtualization,the ICT industry is taking a new look at virtualization.This paradigm shift is shaking up the computing,storage,networking,and ser vice industries.The hope is that virtualizing and automating configuration and service management/orchestration will save both capes and opex for network transformation.A complimentary trend is the separation（over an open interface）of control and transmission.This is commonly referred to as software defined networking（SDN）.This paper reviews trends in network/service functions,efforts to standardize these functions,and required management and orchestration.展开更多
This paper presents the game of production technical standards between downstream and upstream suppliers on a manufacturing supply chain network when the two parties have different partnership densities, namely, the n...This paper presents the game of production technical standards between downstream and upstream suppliers on a manufacturing supply chain network when the two parties have different partnership densities, namely, the numbers of replaceable and mature manufacturing partners. We firstly constructed a manufacturing chain network and analyzed its three relationship structures among suppliers with the presence of different relationship densities, and found that all the three relationships brought about the game of production technical standards between partnership-rich and partnership-scanty suppliers. Then we built a two-party payoff matrix, and analyzed the two-party game and evolutionary stable strategy, based on replication dynamic equation and asymmetric evolutionary game theory. The evolutionary stable strategies of two parties under varying payoff parameters were validated through numerical simulation. Finally, we proposed some suggestions for both those manufacturers with more partners and fewer partners, respectively.展开更多
In this paper, we demonstrate that the eco-industrial network equilibrium model of link flow version previously introduced can be reformulated as a transportation network equilibrium problem of path flow version. Then...In this paper, we demonstrate that the eco-industrial network equilibrium model of link flow version previously introduced can be reformulated as a transportation network equilibrium problem of path flow version. Then, some methodological tools mainly applied in the field of transportation science can be used to discuss the eco-industrial chain network problem. What the highlighted contribution lies in is that the paper not only expands theory of supply chain model with reducing path flow but also generalizes the traditional transportation network equilibrium problem by new applications.展开更多
A backstepping approach is proposed for the synchronization of chain networks of multi-spatiotemporal chaotic systems with topologically equivalent structures. The synchronization of multi-spatiotemporal chaotic syste...A backstepping approach is proposed for the synchronization of chain networks of multi-spatiotemporal chaotic systems with topologically equivalent structures. The synchronization of multi-spatiotemporal chaotic systems is imple- merited by adding the control only to a terminal node, and the controller is designed via a corresponding update law. The control law is applied to spatiotemporal Gray-Scott systems. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness and the feasibility of the proposed approach.展开更多
The industrial supply chain networks basically capture the circulation of social resource, dominating the stability and efficiency of the industrial system. In this paper, we provide an empirical study of the topology...The industrial supply chain networks basically capture the circulation of social resource, dominating the stability and efficiency of the industrial system. In this paper, we provide an empirical study of the topology of smartphone supply chain network. The supply chain network is constructed using open online data. Our experimental results show that the smartphone supply chain network has small-world feature with scale-free degree distribution, in which a few high degree nodes play a key role in the function and can effectively reduce the communication cost. We also detect the community structure to find the basic functional unit. It shows that information communication between nodes is crucial to improve the resource utilization. We should pay attention to the global resource configuration for such electronic production management.展开更多
The anonymity of the darknet makes it attractive to secure communication lines from censorship.The analysis,monitoring,and categorization of Internet network traffic are essential for detecting darknet traffic that ca...The anonymity of the darknet makes it attractive to secure communication lines from censorship.The analysis,monitoring,and categorization of Internet network traffic are essential for detecting darknet traffic that can generate a comprehensive characterization of dangerous users and assist in tracing malicious activities and reducing cybercrime.Furthermore,classifying darknet traffic is essential for real-time applications such as the timely monitoring of malware before attacks occur.This paper presents a two-stage deep network chain for detecting and classifying darknet traffic.In the first stage,anonymized darknet traffic,including VPN and Tor traffic related to hidden services provided by darknets,is detected.In the second stage,traffic related to VPNs and Tor services is classified based on their respective applications.The methodology of this paper was verified on a benchmark dataset containing VPN and Tor traffic.It achieved an accuracy of 96.8%and 94.4%in the detection and classification stages,respectively.Optimization and parameter tuning were performed in both stages to achieve more accurate results,enabling practitioners to combat alleged malicious activities and further detect such activities after outbreaks.In the classification stage,it was observed that the misclassifications were due to the audio and video streaming commonly used in shared real-time protocols.However,in cases where it is desired to distinguish between such activities accurately,the presented deep chain classifier can accommodate additional classifiers.Furthermore,additional classifiers could be added to the chain to categorize specific activities of interest further.展开更多
As the most mature portable power source,lithium-ion battery has become the mainstream of power source for electric vehicles(EVs)by virtue of its high energy density,long cycle life and relatively low cost.However,an ...As the most mature portable power source,lithium-ion battery has become the mainstream of power source for electric vehicles(EVs)by virtue of its high energy density,long cycle life and relatively low cost.However,an excellent battery management system remained to be a problem for the operational states monitoring and safety guarantee for EVs.In this paper,a function realization of multi-scale modeling is proposed based on cyber hierarchy and interactional network framework,realizing basic functions such as multi-scale mapping and cloud-based modeling.Furthermore,to solve the problem of limited computing capability of the conventional vehicle-end battery management system,the novel system consists of hierarchies of side,edge and cloud,which are designed to take on different computing tasks methodically and swap data iteratively,providing specific services for drivers,enterprise users,etc.Due to a series of promising features,this system has a large range of application scenarios as well as some critical bottlenecks,which will be discussed at the end of the article.Please check and confirm D.-B.Shan"is correctly identified in author group.It’s not correct.There is no"D.-B.Shan"in author group,please just remove it.展开更多
Existing research on data collection using wireless mobile vehicle network emphasizes the reliable delivery of information.However,other performance requirements such as life cycle of nodes,stability and security are ...Existing research on data collection using wireless mobile vehicle network emphasizes the reliable delivery of information.However,other performance requirements such as life cycle of nodes,stability and security are not set as primary design objectives.This makes data collection ability of vehicular nodes in real application environment inferior.By considering the features of nodes in wireless IoV,such as large scales of deployment,volatility and low time delay,an efficient data collection algorithm is proposed for mobile vehicle network environment.An adaptive sensing model is designed to establish vehicular data collection protocol.The protocol adopts group management in model communication.The vehicular sensing node in group can adjust network sensing chain according to sensing distance threshold with surrounding nodes.It will dynamically choose a combination of network sensing chains on basis of remaining energy and location characteristics of surrounding nodes.In addition,secure data collection between sensing nodes is undertaken as well.The simulation and experiments show that the vehicular node can realize secure and real-time data collection.Moreover,the proposed algorithm is superior in vehicular network life cycle,power consumption and reliability of data collection by comparing to other algorithms.展开更多
Top-down environmental policies aim to mitigate environmental risks but inevitably lead to economic losses due to the market entry or exit of enterprises.This study developed a universal dynamic agent-based supply cha...Top-down environmental policies aim to mitigate environmental risks but inevitably lead to economic losses due to the market entry or exit of enterprises.This study developed a universal dynamic agent-based supply chain model to achieve tradeoffs between environmental risk reduction and economic sus-tainability.The model was used to conduct high-resolution daily simulations of the dynamic shifts in enterprise operations and their cascading effects on supply chain networks.It includes production,con-sumption,and transportation agents,attributing economic features to supply chain components and cap-turing their interactions.It also accounts for adaptive responses to daily external shocks and replicates realistic firm behaviors.By coupling high spatial-temporal resolution firm-level data from 18916 chemical enterprises,this study investigates the economic and environmental impacts of an environmen-tal policy resulting in the closure of 1800 chemical enterprises over three years.The results revealed a significant economic loss of 25.8 billion USD,ranging from 23.8 billion to 31.8 billion USD.Notably,over 80%of this loss was attributed to supply chain propagation.Counterfactual analyses indicated that imple-menting a staggered shutdown strategy prevented 18.8%of supply chain losses,highlighting the impor-tance of a gradual policy implementation to prevent abrupt supply chain disruptions.Furthermore,the study highlights the effectiveness of a multi-objective policy design in reducing economic losses(about 29%)and environmental risks(about 40%),substantially enhancing the efficiency of the environmental policy.The high-resolution simulations provide valuable insights for policy designers to formulate strategies with staggered implementation and multiple objectives to mitigate supply chain losses and environmental risks and ensure a sustainable future.展开更多
The crowd evacuation of pairs of pedestrians(i.e.pairs consisting of a parent and a child)is numerically investigated.Here,it is assumed that all pedestrians have their own partners,and move randomly inside the bounde...The crowd evacuation of pairs of pedestrians(i.e.pairs consisting of a parent and a child)is numerically investigated.Here,it is assumed that all pedestrians have their own partners,and move randomly inside the bounded domain of the right-hand room as an initial state.All pedestrians start their evacuations after they contact their partners.The evacuations are completed by the transfer of all the pairs from the right-hand room to the left-hand room through an exit.A frozen swarm tends to appear in the right-hand room as the total number of pedestrians increases.The frozen swarm moves without changing its form,unless it is dissolved by a strong collision with a pair of pedestrians that comes back from the left-hand room by accident.Finally,the evacuation speed also depends on the area of the Escape Zone,whereas an obstacle placed in front of an exit also changes the speed of the evacuation in accordance with the type of motion of the children.展开更多
In recent years,global supply chains face great challenges driven by events such as trade wars,the Covid-19 pandemic,and the Russia-Ukraine War.Since the disruptions caused by such shocks are more systematic and the d...In recent years,global supply chains face great challenges driven by events such as trade wars,the Covid-19 pandemic,and the Russia-Ukraine War.Since the disruptions caused by such shocks are more systematic and the duration is harder to predict compared to natural disasters or other operational risks,we highlight two features for future supply chain research:network perspectives and incorporation of more stakeholders such as governments that can influence overarching performances of industrial and supply chains.From the network perspective,we review the literature on vulnerable nodes&links identification,risk propagation modeling,network resilience measures,and disruption mitigation strategies.We suggest promising research directions such as deriving non-probabilistic resilience measures that can incorporate dynamics,extending existing methods for bottleneck detection to the network setting,balancing efficiency and resilience in a more sophisticated way,etc.In terms of incorporating more stakeholders’roles in supply chain network decisions,we review the relevant literature and discuss research opportunities on governments’roles in global supply chains(i.e.,an external circulation perspective)and in incentivizing firms’R&D and stimulating domestic demand(i.e.,an internal circulation perspective).We suggest topics including global supply chain resilience evaluation using trade networks,technology networks,and firm ownership networks,the impact of trade policies with network perspectives,design of tariffand non-tariffmeasures under trade agreements,domestic industry relocation,evaluating the effects of government subsidies on firms’long-term innovation,and design of subsidy strategies for supply chain stability and resilience.We believe research on supply chain resilience will thrive in the years ahead,better supporting firms’and governments’decisions.展开更多
文摘Using a modified subgradient extragradient algorithm, this paper proposed a novel approach to solving a supply chain network equilibrium model. The method extends the scope of optimisation and improves the accuracy at each iteration by incorporating adaptive parameter selection and a more general subgradient projection operator. The advantages of the proposed method are highlighted by the proof of strong convergence presented in the paper. Several concrete examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm, with comparisons illustrating its superior CPU running time compared to alternative techniques. The practical applicability of the algorithm is also demonstrated by applying it to a realistic supply chain network model.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12271394)。
文摘Quantum networks with multiple sources always face performance challenges due to the vulnerability of quantum systems. Thus, it is highly desirable to have the capability to continuously monitor and determine the exact number of quantum sources versus classical sources present within the network. Hierarchical network nonlocality can reveal the relationship between network nonlocality and the number of quantum sources within the network, thus becoming a way to address the aforementioned issue. However, up to now, precise hierarchical network nonlocality inequalities have only been established for star networks, and cannot be obtained for other non-star structured networks [Phys. Rev. Lett. 128 010403(2022) and Phys. Rev. A 110 022617(2024)]. In this paper, we establish more refined criteria for hierarchical network nonlocality inequalities in arbitrary network structures. Violating such inequalities can reveal the exact number of quantum sources in the network. These results enhance the understanding of quantum source distribution in complex network topologies.
基金The National Key Technology R&D Program of China during the 11th Five-Year Plan Period(No.2006BAH02A06)
文摘The classical supply chain network(SCN)design problem is extended,where the candidate facilities are subject to failure and the products are prone to elapsed time deteriorion.First,the reliable SCN design problem is defined by introducing the probability that a facility may be prone to inactivity based on the analysis of perishable product characteristics.The perishable product SCN design problem is formulated as a 0-1 integer programming model.The objective is to minimize the weighted sum of the operating cost(the fixed plus transportation cost)and the expected failure cost.And then,the perishable product SCN design model is discussed and solved using the genetic algorithm(GA).The results show how to generate the tradeoff curve between the operating costs and the expected failure costs.And these tradeoff curves demonstrate empirically that substantial improvements in reliability are often possible with minimal increase in the operating costs.
基金Project(531107040300) supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in ChinaProject(2006BAJ04B04) supported by the National Science and Technology Pillar Program during the Eleventh Five-year Plan Period of China
文摘As for the factors affecting the heat transfer performance of complex and nonlinear oscillating heat pipe (OHP),grey relational analysis (GRA) was used to deal with the relationship between heat transfer rate of a looped copper-water OHP and charging ratio,inner diameter,inclination angel,heat input,number of turns,and the main influencing factors were defined.Then,forecasting model was obtained by using main influencing factors (such as charging ratio,interior diameter,and inclination angel) as the inputs of function chain neural network.The results show that the relative average error between the predicted and actual value is 4%,which illustrates that the function chain neural network can be applied to predict the performance of OHP accurately.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.70571033)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China during the 11th Five-Year Plan Period(No.2006BAH02A06)
文摘The supply chain network with capacity constraints of manufacturers and retailers is considered.The linkage between supply chain network equilibrium and transportation network equilibrium is investigated.By analyzing the relationships among the manufacturers,retailers and consumers in the supply chain network and their own decisions concerning maximum profits,a combined variational inequality for the supply chain network equilibrium mode is proposed.Then an equivalent supernetwork of the supply chain network is constructed by adding additional links which denote the producing of manufactures and the handling of retailers.By the supernetwork,the supply chain network equilibrium model can be reformulated as a transportation network equilibrium model.Equivalent mathematical programming is,therefore,obtained based on the principle of a Wardrop user equilibrium.The corresponding Lagrange multiplier of the capacity constraints can be explained as the extra cost of marginal production when capacity is exceeded.A numerical example is given to illustrate the rationality of the model and the validity of the results.
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (No. 2006BAH02A06)"333 Engineering"Project of Jiangsu Province
文摘Contract is a common and effective mechanism for supply chain coordination,which has been studied extensively in recent years.For a supply chain network model,contracts can be used to coordinate it because it is too ideal to obtain the network equilibrium state in practical market competition.In order to achieve equilibrium,we introduce revenue sharing contract into a supply chain network equilibrium model with random demand in this paper.Then,we investigate the influence on this network equilibrium state from demand disruptions caused by unexpected emergencies.When demand disruptions happen,the supply chain network equilibrium state will be broken and change to a new one,so the decision makers need to adjust the contract parameters to achieve the new coordinated state through bargaining.Finally,a numerical example with a sudden demand increase as a result of emergent event is provided for illustrative purposes.
基金support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71971006)Humanities and Social Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China(Grant No.19YJCGJW014).
文摘Purpose:With the availability and utilization of Inter-Country Input-Output(ICIO)tables,it is possible to construct quantitative indices to assess its impact on the Global Value Chain(GVC).For the sake of visualization,ICIO networks with tremendous low-weight edges are too dense to show the substantial structure.These redundant edges,inevitably make the network data full of noise and eventually exert negative effects on Social Network Analysis(SNA).In this case,we need a method to filter such edges and obtain a sparser network with only the meaningful connections.Design/methodology/approach:In this paper,we propose two parameterless pruning algorithms from the global and local perspectives respectively,then the performance of them is examined using the ICIO table from different databases.Findings:The Searching Paths(SP)method extracts the strongest association paths from the global perspective,while Filtering Edges(FE)method captures the key links according to the local weight ratio.The results show that the FE method can basically include the SP method and become the best solution for the ICIO networks.Research limitations:There are still two limitations in this research.One is that the computational complexity may increase rapidly while processing the large-scale networks,so the proposed method should be further improved.The other is that much more empirical networks should be introduced to testify the scientificity and practicability of our methodology.Practical implications:The network pruning methods we proposed will promote the analysis of the ICIO network,in terms of community detection,link prediction,and spatial econometrics,etc.Also,they can be applied to many other complex networks with similar characteristics.Originality/value:This paper improves the existing research from two aspects,namely,considering the heterogeneity of weights and avoiding the interference of parameters.Therefore,it provides a new idea for the research of network backbone extraction.
基金supported by Humanity and Social Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of China[Grant number 17YJA630130].
文摘With the increasing popularity of ecological civilization and sustainable development,enterprises should consider environmental protection measures in their operations in addition to pursue their economic interests.This paper establsihes a closed-loop supply chain network model composed of multiple suppliers,manufacturers,retailers,recyclers,and demand markets—regarding their dual goals of the profit maximization and the minimization of carbon emissions.The conditions necessary for establishing overall equilibrium and an equilibrium model of the entire closed-loop supply chain network are determined by applying variational inequality and dual theory.A modified projection contraction algorithm is used to design a model-solving program.Finally,using numerical examples,the paper conducts a comparative static analysis on important parameters such as the weight coefficients of environmental protection objectives and consumers'awareness of low-carbon environmental protection and attains some beneficial enlightenment on management.The results indicate that when the environmental protection objectives of a certain type of enterprise increases,both the economic benefits and environmental protection performance will improve;when the environmental protection objectives of all enterprises increases simultaneously,environmental protection performance improves significantly,but the changes in economic benefits of different enterprises are inconsistent and profit coordination is more complex.Although consumers’awareness of low-carbon preference could improve environmental performance,it reduces the overall profits of network members and the entire closed-loop supply chain network as a whole.The above conclusions can be used as a reference for the government in designing low-carbon environmental protection policy and in closed-loop supply chain research.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Projects under Grant No.2011ZX03001-007-03
文摘Opportunistic routing(OR) is an effective way to guarantee transmission reliability in wireless multi-hop networks.However,little research focuses on transmission efficiency.Thus,an analytical model based on open queuing network with Markov chains was proposed to evaluate the efficiency.By analyzing two typical ORs,we find duplicate transmission and collision avoidance overhead are the root reasons behind inefficiency.Therefore,a new scheme called dual priority cooperative opportunistic routing(DPCOR) was proposed.In DPCOR,forwarding candidates are configured with dual priority,which enables the network to classify forwarding candidates more effectively so as to reduce the back-off time and obtain more diversity gain.Theoretical analysis and simulation results show DPCOR achieves significant performance improvement with less time overhead compared with traditional routings and typical ORs.
文摘Virtualization of network/service functions means time sharing network/service（and affiliated）resources in a hyper speed manner.The concept of time sharing was popularized in the 1970s with mainframe computing.The same concept has recently resurfaced under the guise of cloud computing and virtualized computing.Although cloud computing was originally used in IT for server virtualization,the ICT industry is taking a new look at virtualization.This paradigm shift is shaking up the computing,storage,networking,and ser vice industries.The hope is that virtualizing and automating configuration and service management/orchestration will save both capes and opex for network transformation.A complimentary trend is the separation（over an open interface）of control and transmission.This is commonly referred to as software defined networking（SDN）.This paper reviews trends in network/service functions,efforts to standardize these functions,and required management and orchestration.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Development Strategy Research Project of Tianjin(13ZLZLZF08900)
文摘This paper presents the game of production technical standards between downstream and upstream suppliers on a manufacturing supply chain network when the two parties have different partnership densities, namely, the numbers of replaceable and mature manufacturing partners. We firstly constructed a manufacturing chain network and analyzed its three relationship structures among suppliers with the presence of different relationship densities, and found that all the three relationships brought about the game of production technical standards between partnership-rich and partnership-scanty suppliers. Then we built a two-party payoff matrix, and analyzed the two-party game and evolutionary stable strategy, based on replication dynamic equation and asymmetric evolutionary game theory. The evolutionary stable strategies of two parties under varying payoff parameters were validated through numerical simulation. Finally, we proposed some suggestions for both those manufacturers with more partners and fewer partners, respectively.
基金Sponsored by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Research Funds of Renmin University of China(Grant No.13XNH169)
文摘In this paper, we demonstrate that the eco-industrial network equilibrium model of link flow version previously introduced can be reformulated as a transportation network equilibrium problem of path flow version. Then, some methodological tools mainly applied in the field of transportation science can be used to discuss the eco-industrial chain network problem. What the highlighted contribution lies in is that the paper not only expands theory of supply chain model with reducing path flow but also generalizes the traditional transportation network equilibrium problem by new applications.
基金Project supported by the National Outstanding Young Scientists Foundation of China (Grant No. 10725209)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 90816001 and 10902064)+4 种基金the Shanghai Subject Chief Scientist Project, China (Grant No. 09XD1401700)the Shanghai Leading Talent Program and the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project, China (Grant No. S30106)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University, China (Grant No. IRT0844)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province, China (Grant No. 20082147)the Innovative Team Program of LiaoningEducational Committee, China (Grant No. 2008T108)
文摘A backstepping approach is proposed for the synchronization of chain networks of multi-spatiotemporal chaotic systems with topologically equivalent structures. The synchronization of multi-spatiotemporal chaotic systems is imple- merited by adding the control only to a terminal node, and the controller is designed via a corresponding update law. The control law is applied to spatiotemporal Gray-Scott systems. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness and the feasibility of the proposed approach.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11547040 and 61703281)Guangdong Province Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant Nos.2016A030310051 and 2015KONCX143)+4 种基金Shenzhen Fundamental Research Foundation,China(Grant Nos.JCYJ20150625101524056 and JCYJ20160520162743717)SZU Student Innovation Fund,China,the PhD Start-up Fund of Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(Grant No.2017A030310374)the Young Teachers Start-up Fund of Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen University,Chinathe Natural Science Foundation of SZU,China(Grant No.2016-24)the Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 2(Grant No.MOE 2013-T2-2-033)
文摘The industrial supply chain networks basically capture the circulation of social resource, dominating the stability and efficiency of the industrial system. In this paper, we provide an empirical study of the topology of smartphone supply chain network. The supply chain network is constructed using open online data. Our experimental results show that the smartphone supply chain network has small-world feature with scale-free degree distribution, in which a few high degree nodes play a key role in the function and can effectively reduce the communication cost. We also detect the community structure to find the basic functional unit. It shows that information communication between nodes is crucial to improve the resource utilization. We should pay attention to the global resource configuration for such electronic production management.
文摘The anonymity of the darknet makes it attractive to secure communication lines from censorship.The analysis,monitoring,and categorization of Internet network traffic are essential for detecting darknet traffic that can generate a comprehensive characterization of dangerous users and assist in tracing malicious activities and reducing cybercrime.Furthermore,classifying darknet traffic is essential for real-time applications such as the timely monitoring of malware before attacks occur.This paper presents a two-stage deep network chain for detecting and classifying darknet traffic.In the first stage,anonymized darknet traffic,including VPN and Tor traffic related to hidden services provided by darknets,is detected.In the second stage,traffic related to VPNs and Tor services is classified based on their respective applications.The methodology of this paper was verified on a benchmark dataset containing VPN and Tor traffic.It achieved an accuracy of 96.8%and 94.4%in the detection and classification stages,respectively.Optimization and parameter tuning were performed in both stages to achieve more accurate results,enabling practitioners to combat alleged malicious activities and further detect such activities after outbreaks.In the classification stage,it was observed that the misclassifications were due to the audio and video streaming commonly used in shared real-time protocols.However,in cases where it is desired to distinguish between such activities accurately,the presented deep chain classifier can accommodate additional classifiers.Furthermore,additional classifiers could be added to the chain to categorize specific activities of interest further.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52102470)the Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Province(No.20200501012GX)。
文摘As the most mature portable power source,lithium-ion battery has become the mainstream of power source for electric vehicles(EVs)by virtue of its high energy density,long cycle life and relatively low cost.However,an excellent battery management system remained to be a problem for the operational states monitoring and safety guarantee for EVs.In this paper,a function realization of multi-scale modeling is proposed based on cyber hierarchy and interactional network framework,realizing basic functions such as multi-scale mapping and cloud-based modeling.Furthermore,to solve the problem of limited computing capability of the conventional vehicle-end battery management system,the novel system consists of hierarchies of side,edge and cloud,which are designed to take on different computing tasks methodically and swap data iteratively,providing specific services for drivers,enterprise users,etc.Due to a series of promising features,this system has a large range of application scenarios as well as some critical bottlenecks,which will be discussed at the end of the article.Please check and confirm D.-B.Shan"is correctly identified in author group.It’s not correct.There is no"D.-B.Shan"in author group,please just remove it.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant61572188)A Project Supported by Scientif ic Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(14A047)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(Grant no.2014J05079)the Young and Middle-Aged Teachers Education Scientific Research Project of Fujian province(Grant nos.JA13248JA14254 and JA15368)the special scientific research funding for colleges and universities from Fujian Provincial Education Department(Grant no.JK2013043)the Research Project supported by Xiamen University of Technology(YKJ15019R)
文摘Existing research on data collection using wireless mobile vehicle network emphasizes the reliable delivery of information.However,other performance requirements such as life cycle of nodes,stability and security are not set as primary design objectives.This makes data collection ability of vehicular nodes in real application environment inferior.By considering the features of nodes in wireless IoV,such as large scales of deployment,volatility and low time delay,an efficient data collection algorithm is proposed for mobile vehicle network environment.An adaptive sensing model is designed to establish vehicular data collection protocol.The protocol adopts group management in model communication.The vehicular sensing node in group can adjust network sensing chain according to sensing distance threshold with surrounding nodes.It will dynamically choose a combination of network sensing chains on basis of remaining energy and location characteristics of surrounding nodes.In addition,secure data collection between sensing nodes is undertaken as well.The simulation and experiments show that the vehicular node can realize secure and real-time data collection.Moreover,the proposed algorithm is superior in vehicular network life cycle,power consumption and reliability of data collection by comparing to other algorithms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52200228 and 72022004)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M721817)the National Key Scientific Research Project(2021YFC3200200).
文摘Top-down environmental policies aim to mitigate environmental risks but inevitably lead to economic losses due to the market entry or exit of enterprises.This study developed a universal dynamic agent-based supply chain model to achieve tradeoffs between environmental risk reduction and economic sus-tainability.The model was used to conduct high-resolution daily simulations of the dynamic shifts in enterprise operations and their cascading effects on supply chain networks.It includes production,con-sumption,and transportation agents,attributing economic features to supply chain components and cap-turing their interactions.It also accounts for adaptive responses to daily external shocks and replicates realistic firm behaviors.By coupling high spatial-temporal resolution firm-level data from 18916 chemical enterprises,this study investigates the economic and environmental impacts of an environmen-tal policy resulting in the closure of 1800 chemical enterprises over three years.The results revealed a significant economic loss of 25.8 billion USD,ranging from 23.8 billion to 31.8 billion USD.Notably,over 80%of this loss was attributed to supply chain propagation.Counterfactual analyses indicated that imple-menting a staggered shutdown strategy prevented 18.8%of supply chain losses,highlighting the impor-tance of a gradual policy implementation to prevent abrupt supply chain disruptions.Furthermore,the study highlights the effectiveness of a multi-objective policy design in reducing economic losses(about 29%)and environmental risks(about 40%),substantially enhancing the efficiency of the environmental policy.The high-resolution simulations provide valuable insights for policy designers to formulate strategies with staggered implementation and multiple objectives to mitigate supply chain losses and environmental risks and ensure a sustainable future.
文摘The crowd evacuation of pairs of pedestrians(i.e.pairs consisting of a parent and a child)is numerically investigated.Here,it is assumed that all pedestrians have their own partners,and move randomly inside the bounded domain of the right-hand room as an initial state.All pedestrians start their evacuations after they contact their partners.The evacuations are completed by the transfer of all the pairs from the right-hand room to the left-hand room through an exit.A frozen swarm tends to appear in the right-hand room as the total number of pedestrians increases.The frozen swarm moves without changing its form,unless it is dissolved by a strong collision with a pair of pedestrians that comes back from the left-hand room by accident.Finally,the evacuation speed also depends on the area of the Escape Zone,whereas an obstacle placed in front of an exit also changes the speed of the evacuation in accordance with the type of motion of the children.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72091211,72293560/72293565 and 72025102).
文摘In recent years,global supply chains face great challenges driven by events such as trade wars,the Covid-19 pandemic,and the Russia-Ukraine War.Since the disruptions caused by such shocks are more systematic and the duration is harder to predict compared to natural disasters or other operational risks,we highlight two features for future supply chain research:network perspectives and incorporation of more stakeholders such as governments that can influence overarching performances of industrial and supply chains.From the network perspective,we review the literature on vulnerable nodes&links identification,risk propagation modeling,network resilience measures,and disruption mitigation strategies.We suggest promising research directions such as deriving non-probabilistic resilience measures that can incorporate dynamics,extending existing methods for bottleneck detection to the network setting,balancing efficiency and resilience in a more sophisticated way,etc.In terms of incorporating more stakeholders’roles in supply chain network decisions,we review the relevant literature and discuss research opportunities on governments’roles in global supply chains(i.e.,an external circulation perspective)and in incentivizing firms’R&D and stimulating domestic demand(i.e.,an internal circulation perspective).We suggest topics including global supply chain resilience evaluation using trade networks,technology networks,and firm ownership networks,the impact of trade policies with network perspectives,design of tariffand non-tariffmeasures under trade agreements,domestic industry relocation,evaluating the effects of government subsidies on firms’long-term innovation,and design of subsidy strategies for supply chain stability and resilience.We believe research on supply chain resilience will thrive in the years ahead,better supporting firms’and governments’decisions.
