Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’...Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’s disease.In this review,we summarize the changes in short-chain fatty acid levels and the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in various samples from patients with Parkinson’s disease,highlighting the critical role of gut homeostasis imbalance in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease.Focusing on the nervous system,we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which short-chain fatty acids influence the homeostasis of both the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system.We identify key processes,including the activation of G protein-coupled receptors and the inhibition of histone deacetylases by short-chain fatty acids.Importantly,structural or functional disruptions in the enteric nervous system mediated by these fatty acids may lead to abnormalα-synuclein expression and gastrointestinal dysmotility,which could serve as an initiating event in Parkinson’s disease.Furthermore,we propose that short-chain fatty acids help establish communication between the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system via the vagal nerve,immune circulation,and endocrine signaling.This communication may shed light on their potential role in the transmission ofα-synuclein from the gut to the brain.Finally,we elucidate novel treatment strategies for Parkinson’s disease that target short-chain fatty acids and examine the challenges associated with translating short-chain fatty acid-based therapies into clinical practice.In conclusion,this review emphasizes the pivotal role of short-chain fatty acids in regulating gut-brain axis integrity and their significance in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease from the perspective of the nervous system.Moreover,it highlights the potential value of short-chain fatty acids in early intervention for Parkinson’s disease.Future research into the molecular mechanisms of short-chain fatty acids and their synergistic interactions with other gut metabolites is likely to advance the clinical translation of innovative short-chain fatty acid-based therapies for Parkinson’s disease.展开更多
By preparing homogenous blend samples with different degrees of chain entanglement, we report an anomalous contribution of chain entanglement to phase separation temperature and rate of poly（methyl methacrylate）/pol...By preparing homogenous blend samples with different degrees of chain entanglement, we report an anomalous contribution of chain entanglement to phase separation temperature and rate of poly（methyl methacrylate）/poly（styrene-co- maleic anhydride） （PMMA/SMA） blends presenting a typical lower critical solution temperature （LCST） behavior. The melt- mixed PMMA/SMA blends with a higher chain entanglement density present a lower cloud point （To） and shorter delay time, but lower phase separation rate at the given temperature than solution-cast ones, suggesting that for the polymer blends with different condensed state structure, thermodynamically more facilitation to phase separation （lower Tc） is not necessarily equivalent to faster kinetics （decomposition rate）. The experimental results indicate that the lower Tc of melt-mixed sample is ascribed to smaller concentration fluctuation wavelength （Am） induced by higher entanglement degree, while higher entanglement degree in melt-mixed sample leads to a confined segmental dynamics and consequently a slower kinetics （decomposition rate） dominated by macromolecular diffusion at a comparable quench depth. These results reveal that the chain packing in polymer blends can remarkably influence the liquid-liquid phase separation behavior, which is a significant difference from decomposition of small molecular mixtures.展开更多
Two new stationary phases : (Ⅰ) [bikis(2,6-di-O-pentyl-3-O-hex-6O-pentyl-3-O-methyl)-β-CD-polysiloxane] and (Ⅱ) [heptkis(2,6-di-O-methyl-3-O-hex-6-enyl)-β-CD-polysiloxane] were synthesized and successfully used fo...Two new stationary phases : (Ⅰ) [bikis(2,6-di-O-pentyl-3-O-hex-6O-pentyl-3-O-methyl)-β-CD-polysiloxane] and (Ⅱ) [heptkis(2,6-di-O-methyl-3-O-hex-6-enyl)-β-CD-polysiloxane] were synthesized and successfully used for GC separation of chiral isomers.The possess high column efficiency and exhibit fine chiral separation ability.展开更多
Selective separation of CO_(2)/CH_(4)and C2 H_(2)/CH_(4)are promising for their high-purity industrial demand and scientific research on account of the similar molecular radius and physical properties.In this work,a u...Selective separation of CO_(2)/CH_(4)and C2 H_(2)/CH_(4)are promising for their high-purity industrial demand and scientific research on account of the similar molecular radius and physical properties.In this work,a unique 3 D microporous MOF material[Cu(SiF6)(sdi)2]·solvents(1,sdi=1,1’-sulfonyldiimidazole)was successfully constructed by cross-linking 1 D coordination polymer chains.The dense functional active sites on the inner walls of the channel of la can provide strong binding affinities to CO_(2),C2 H_(2),and thus effectively improve the gas separation performance of CO_(2)/CH_(4)and C2 H_(2)/CH_(4).展开更多
Growth process of the NaY zeolite membranes was investigated by fluoride-containing precursor synthesis gel.Compared with the fluoride-free precursor synthesis gel,the irregular NaY zeolite crystals were dissolved int...Growth process of the NaY zeolite membranes was investigated by fluoride-containing precursor synthesis gel.Compared with the fluoride-free precursor synthesis gel,the irregular NaY zeolite crystals were dissolved into amorphous by the fluoride-containing precursor synthesis gel initially,the amorphous contained the Y-type zeolite characteristic bands by the IR characterization.The fine square NaY zeolite crystals arose from the amorphous,which were accumulated and gradually grew into a dense NaY zeolite layer on the support surface after 6.5 h.Because the excessive NaY zeolites were dissolved by the strong alkaline and fluoride-containing precursor synthesis gel,there was plenty of amorphous on NaY zeolites layer for prolonging the crystallization time.The assynthesized NaY zeolite membranes had a good separation performance and repeatability for separation of 10 wt%methanol(MeOH)/methyl methacrylate(MMA) mixture by pervaporation,the flux and separation factor were(1.27 ± 0.07) kg·M^(-2)·h^(-1) and(4900 ± 1500) at 323 K,respectively.Besides,the NaY zeolite membranes were applied to separate the other short chain alcohol from the various alcohol/organic ester and alcohol/organic ether mixtures,the NaY zeolite membranes showed high short chain alcohol perm-selectivity.展开更多
The design and development of highly permeable,selective and stable polymer membranes are great challenges in the gas separation industry.Herein,we constructed two intrinsic microporous polyimides(6FPCA and 6FMCA)deri...The design and development of highly permeable,selective and stable polymer membranes are great challenges in the gas separation industry.Herein,we constructed two intrinsic microporous polyimides(6FPCA and 6FMCA)derived from two isometric diamines(PCA and MCA),which were synthesized by palladium catalyzed C—N coupling reaction.The PCA and MCA diamines contain a hollow beaded structure of 2,2′-paracyclophane as a building block with a specified window size of 3.09Å.The chemical structures of monomers,polyimides were confirmed by NMR,FTIR,and elementary analysis.6FPCA and 6FMCA exhibit good solubility,excellent thermal stability,and mechanical properties.6FPCA exhibits much larger microporosity(434 versus 120 m2·g−1),FFV(0.22 versus 0.15),d-spacing(6.9 versus 5.9Å),and over 10 times higher permeability with a very little decrease in selectivity than the corresponding polyimide(6FpA)with a plane structure,which remarkably increased their separation performance from far below the 2008 Robeson Upper bounds to reach these limitations for O2/N2 and CO2/CH4.Additionally,the 6FPCA also demonstrates good plasticization resistance,moderate aging properties,and high CO2/CH4 mixed-gas separation performance.These results indicate that paracyclophane subunit can be successfully incorporated into polymers to enhance their ultra-microporosity and separation properties,which open a new avenue for developing high performance gas separation membranes with topological ultra-micropores.展开更多
A series of mixed, random cylindrical brush copolymers bearing polystyrene（PS） and poly（ε-caprolactone）（PCL） side chains were synthesized via the combination of ring-opening polymerization（ROP） and atom trans...A series of mixed, random cylindrical brush copolymers bearing polystyrene（PS） and poly（ε-caprolactone）（PCL） side chains were synthesized via the combination of ring-opening polymerization（ROP） and atom transfer radical polymerization（ATRP）. These novel cylindrical brush copolymers have been characterized by means of nuclear magnetic resonance（NMR） spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography（GPC） and differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）. It was found that the mikto-armed cylindrical brush copolymers were microphase-separated in bulks and that the morphologies were dependent on the mass ratios of PS to PCL side chains. One of the cylindrical brush copolymers was employed to incorporate into epoxy thermoset to investigate effect of the mikto-armed cylindrical brush architecture on the reaction-induced microphase separation behavior. Depending on the concentration of the cylindrical brush in epoxy, the thermosets can display the morphologies with the spherical, worm-like and lamellar PS microdomains dispersing in continuous thermosetting matrices.展开更多
Using two b-cyclodextrin derivatives (CDs) with long chain of acyl groups as chiral stationary phases (CSPs) of capillary gas chromatography (CGC), the enantiomers of racemic allethrone and propargyllone were well res...Using two b-cyclodextrin derivatives (CDs) with long chain of acyl groups as chiral stationary phases (CSPs) of capillary gas chromatography (CGC), the enantiomers of racemic allethrone and propargyllone were well resolved after derived with acetyl chloride. The enantiomer excess values (e.e.%) of 1S-allethrone and 1S-propargyllone were also determined successfully using these CDs.展开更多
Mineral fulvic acid(MFA)was used as an eco-friendly pyrite depressant to recover chalcopyrite by flotation with the use of the butyl xanthate as a collector.Flotation experiments showed that MFA produced a stronger in...Mineral fulvic acid(MFA)was used as an eco-friendly pyrite depressant to recover chalcopyrite by flotation with the use of the butyl xanthate as a collector.Flotation experiments showed that MFA produced a stronger inhibition effect on pyrite than on chalcopyrite.The separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite was realized by introducing 150 mg/L MFA at a pulp pH of approximately 8.0.The copper grade,copper recovery,and separation efficiency were 28.03%,84.79%,and 71.66%,respectively.Surface adsorption tests,zeta potential determinations,and localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests showed that more MFA adsorbed on pyrite than on chalcopyrite,which weakened the subsequent interactions between pyrite and the collector.Atomic force microscope imaging further confirmed the adsorption of MFA on pyrite,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that hydrophilic Fe-based species on the pyrite surfaces increased after exposure of pyrite to MFA,thereby decreasing the floatability of pyrite.展开更多
The concept of Supply Chain 4.0 represents a transformative phase in supply chain management through advanced digital technologies like IoT, AI, blockchain, and cyber-physical systems. While these innovations deliver ...The concept of Supply Chain 4.0 represents a transformative phase in supply chain management through advanced digital technologies like IoT, AI, blockchain, and cyber-physical systems. While these innovations deliver operational improvements, the heightened interconnectivity introduces significant cybersecurity challenges, particularly within military logistics, where mission-critical operations and life-safety concerns are paramount. This paper examines these unique cybersecurity requirements, focusing on advanced persistent threats, supply chain poisoning, and data breaches that could compromise sensitive operations. The study proposes a hybrid cybersecurity framework tailored to military logistics, integrating resilience, redundancy, and cross-jurisdictional security measures. Real-world applicability is validated through simulations, offering strategies for securing supply chains while balancing security, efficiency, and flexibility.展开更多
Amid the escalating plastic pollution issue, the development of biodegradable and recyclable polymeric materials has become a focus within the scientific community. Chain extenders, which are an important class of com...Amid the escalating plastic pollution issue, the development of biodegradable and recyclable polymeric materials has become a focus within the scientific community. Chain extenders, which are an important class of compounds, facilitate the elongation of polymer chains through reactive functional groups, thereby enhancing the performance of the materials. Epoxy-based chain extenders, due to their cost-effectiveness, low toxicity, high reaction efficiency, and effective reactivity with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, have emerged as a promising class of chain extenders. This manuscript comprehensively elaborates on the varieties, structural characteristics, and performance of chain extenders, the challenges they face, and the methods for their modification. Special emphasis is placed on the application of epoxy-based chain extenders in biodegradable polymers, such as polylactic acid (PLA), and their subsequent influence on the structural and performance properties of these materials.展开更多
Melamine sponge is a major concern for oil-water separation due to its lightweight,high porosity(>99%),cost-effectiveness,impressive mechanical properties,and chemical/thermal stability.However,its amphiphilic natu...Melamine sponge is a major concern for oil-water separation due to its lightweight,high porosity(>99%),cost-effectiveness,impressive mechanical properties,and chemical/thermal stability.However,its amphiphilic nature hinders selective oil absorption in water.Recent strategies to enhance hydrophobicity are reviewed,including synthetic methods and materials,with comprehensive explanations of the mechanisms driven by surface energy and roughness.Key performance indicators for MS in oil-water separation,including adsorption capacity,wettability,stability,emulsion separation,reversible wettability switching,flame retardancy,mechanical properties,and recyclability,are thoroughly discussed.In conclusion,this review provides insights into the future potential and direction of functional melamine sponges in oil-water separation.展开更多
Frequent glacier-related watershed geohazard chains are causing severe damage to life and infrastructure,reported consistently from the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis.This paper presents a systematic method for researchin...Frequent glacier-related watershed geohazard chains are causing severe damage to life and infrastructure,reported consistently from the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis.This paper presents a systematic method for researching geohazard,from regional to individual scale.The methodology includes the establishment of geological chain inventories,discrimination of geohazard chain modes,analyses of dynamics and dam breaches,and risk assessments.The following results were obtained:(1)In the downstream of Yarlung Zangbo River,175 sites were identified as high-risk for river blockage disasters,indicating the development of watershed geohazards.Five geohazard chain modes were summarized by incorporating geomorphological characteristics,historical events,landslide zoning,and materials.The risk areas of typical hazard were identified and assessed using InSAR data.(2)Glacier-related watershed geohazard chains are significantly different from traditional landslides.A detailed inversion analysis was conducted on the massive rock-ice avalanche in the Sedongpu gully in 2021.This particular event lasted roughly 300 seconds,with a maximum flow velocity of 77.2 m/s and a maximum flow height of 93 meters.By scrutinizing the dynamic processes and mechanical characteristics,mobility stages and phase transitions can be divided into four stages.(3)Watershed geohazard chains tend to block rivers.The peak breach discharge of the Yigong Landslide reached 12.4×10^(4) m^(3)/s,which is 36 times the volume of the seasonal flood discharge in the Yigong River.Megafloods caused by landslide dam breaches have significantly shaped the geomorphology.This study offers insights into disaster patterns and the multistaged movement characteristics of glacier-related watershed geohazard chains,providing a comprehensive method for investigations and assessments in glacial regions.展开更多
To solve the challenges of connecting and coordinating multiple platforms in the automotive industry and to enhance collaboration among different participants,this research focuses on addressing the complex supply rel...To solve the challenges of connecting and coordinating multiple platforms in the automotive industry and to enhance collaboration among different participants,this research focuses on addressing the complex supply relationships in the automotive market,improving data sharing and interactions across various platforms,and achieving more detailed integration of data and operations.We propose a trust evaluation permission delegation method based on the automotive industry chain.The proposed method combines smart contracts with trust evaluation mechanisms,dynamically calculating the trust value of users based on the historical behavior of the delegated entity,network environment,and other factors to avoid malicious node attacks during the permission delegation process.We also introduce strict control over the cross-domain permission granting and revocation mechanisms to manage the delegation path,prevent information leakage caused by malicious node interception,and effectively protect data integrity and privacy.Experimental analysis shows that this method meets the realtime requirements of collaborative interaction in the automotive industry chain and provides a feasible solution to permission delegation issues in the automotive industry chain,offering dynamic flexibility in authorization and scalability compared to most existing solutions.展开更多
In response to the challenges presented by the unreliable identity of the master node,high communication overhead,and limited network support size within the Practical Byzantine Fault-Tolerant(PBFT)algorithm for conso...In response to the challenges presented by the unreliable identity of the master node,high communication overhead,and limited network support size within the Practical Byzantine Fault-Tolerant(PBFT)algorithm for consortium chains,we propose an improved PBFT algorithm based on XGBoost grouping called XG-PBFT in this paper.XG-PBFT constructs a dataset by training important parameters that affect node performance,which are used as classification indexes for nodes.The XGBoost algorithm then is employed to train the dataset,and nodes joining the system will be grouped according to the trained grouping model.Among them,the nodes with higher parameter indexes will be assigned to the consensus group to participate in the consensus,and the rest of the nodes will be assigned to the general group to receive the consensus results.In order to reduce the resource waste of the system,XG-PBFT optimizes the consensus protocol for the problem of high complexity of PBFT communication.Finally,we evaluate the performance of XG-PBFT.The experimental results show that XG-PBFT can significantly improve the performance of throughput,consensus delay and communication complexity compared to the original PBFT algorithm,and the performance enhancement is significant compared to other algorithms in the case of a larger number of nodes.The results demonstrate that the XG-PBFT algorithm is more suitable for large-scale consortium chains.展开更多
Comprehensive utilization of phosphogypsum(PG)has attracted much attention,especially for the recovery of rare earth elements(REEs)and gypsum due to the issues of stockpile,environmental pollution,and waste of associa...Comprehensive utilization of phosphogypsum(PG)has attracted much attention,especially for the recovery of rare earth elements(REEs)and gypsum due to the issues of stockpile,environmental pollution,and waste of associated resources.Traditional utilization methods suffered the issues of low REEs leaching efficiency,huge amount of CaSO_(4)saturated wastewater and high recovery cost.To solve these issues,this study investigated the occurrence of REEs in PG and the leaching of REEs.The results show that REEs in PG are in the forms of(1)REEs mineral inclusions,(2)REEs isomorphous substitution of Ca^(2+)in gypsum lattice,(3)dispersed soluble REEs salts.Acid leaching results demonstrate that(1)the dissolution of gypsum matrix is the control factor of REEs leaching;(2)H_(2)SO_(4)is a promising leachant considering the recycle of leachate;(3)the gypsum matrix suffers a recrystallization during the acid leaching and releases the soluble REEs from PG to aqueous solution.For the recovery of the undissolved REEs mineral inclusions,wet sieving concentrated 37.1 wt%of the REEs in a 10.7 wt%mass,increasing REEs content from 309 to 1071 ppm.Finally,a green process combining gravity separation and hydrometallurgy is proposed.This process owns the merits of wastewater free,considerable REEs recovery(about 10%increase compared with traditional processes),excellent gypsum purification(>95 wt%CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O,with<0.06 wt%of soluble P_(2)O_(5) and<0.015 wt%of soluble F)and reagent saving(about 2/3less reagent consumption than non-cyclical leaching).展开更多
The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP)has created favorable conditions for building deeply integrated agricultural value chains(AVC)in Asia-Pacific.Based on the RCEP agreement,this study employed the gl...The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP)has created favorable conditions for building deeply integrated agricultural value chains(AVC)in Asia-Pacific.Based on the RCEP agreement,this study employed the global trade analysis project(GTAP)model to evaluate the impact of RCEP on AVC of member countries in terms of time,tariff reduction,and reduction of non-tariff barriers(NTB).The results indicate that(1)the implementation of RCEP boosts the value-added to agricultural exports for most member countries,particularly in competitive industries;(2)the increase in domestic production and processing capacity,reflected in domestic value-added(DVA),is the primary factor driving the rise in the value-added of agricultural exports across various industries of member countries;(3)RCEP enhances the participation of most regional countries in AVC,with varying impacts on AVC positioning,thereby fostering regional AvC development;and(4)RCEP has a positive effect on AVC indicators both in the short and long term,with the effect becoming more pronounced over time.Additionally,reducing NTB enhances the positive effects of tariff reductions on AVC indicators.Based on the analyses,the following recommendations are proposed:(1)Leverage the development opportunities arising from RCEP implementation to enhance the agricultural DVA;(2)capitalize on cooperative opportunities created by RCEP to build cohesive regional AVC;and(3)prioritize the effective implementation of RCEP'shigh-qualityrules.展开更多
Copper and cobalt were recovered from SICOMINES mining waste rock in the Democratic Republic of Congo.The process mineralogy of the samples was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectro...Copper and cobalt were recovered from SICOMINES mining waste rock in the Democratic Republic of Congo.The process mineralogy of the samples was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy.The results showed that copper minerals exhibited various forms and uneven particle sizes,while cobalt existed in the form of highly dispersed asbolane,and large amounts of easily slimed gangue minerals were filled in the samples,making it difficult to separate copper and cobalt minerals.The particle size range plays a decisive role in selecting the separation method for the copper−cobalt ore.Gravity separation was suitable for particles ranging from 43 to 246μm,while flotation was more effective for particles below 43μm.After ore grinding and particle size classification,applying a combined gravity separation(shaking table)−flotation method yielded concentrated minerals with a copper recovery of 72.83%and a cobalt recovery of 31.13%.展开更多
The research,fabrication and development of piezoelectric nanofibrous materials offer effective solutions to the challenges related to energy consumption and non-renewable resources.However,enhancing their electrical ...The research,fabrication and development of piezoelectric nanofibrous materials offer effective solutions to the challenges related to energy consumption and non-renewable resources.However,enhancing their electrical output still remains a significant challenge.Here,a strategy of inducing constrained phase separation on single nanofibers via shear force was proposed.Employing electrospinning technology,a polyacrylonitrile/polyvinylidene difluoride(PAN/PVDF)nanofibrous membrane was fabricated in one step,which enabled simultaneous piezoelectric and triboelectric conversion within a single-layer membrane.Each nanofiber contained independent components of PAN and PVDF and exhibited a rough surface.The abundant frictional contact points formed between these heterogeneous components contributed to an enhanced endogenous triboelectric output,showcasing an excellent synergistic effect of piezoelectric and triboelectric response in the nanofibrous membrane.Additionally,the component mass ratio influenced the microstructure,piezoelectric conformation and piezoelectric performance of the PAN/PVDF nanofibrous membranes.Through comprehensive performance comparison,the optimal mass ratio of PAN to PVDF was determined to be 9∶1.The piezoelectric devices made of the optimal PAN/PVDF nanofibrous membranes with rough nanofiber surfaces generated an output voltage of 20 V,which was about 1.8 times that of the smooth one at the same component mass ratio.The strategy of constrained phase separation on the surface of individual nanofibers provides a new approach to enhance the output performance of single-layer piezoelectric nanofibrous materials.展开更多
Membrane technology holds significant potential for augmenting or partially substituting conventional separation techniques,such as heatdriven distillation,thereby reducing energy consumption.Organic solvent nanofiltr...Membrane technology holds significant potential for augmenting or partially substituting conventional separation techniques,such as heatdriven distillation,thereby reducing energy consumption.Organic solvent nanofiltration represents an advanced membrane separation technology capable of discerning molecules within a molecular weight range of approximately 100-1000 Da in organic solvents,offering low energy requirements and minimal carbon footprints.Molecular separation in non-polar solvent system,such as toluene,n-hexane,and n-heptane,has gained paramount importance due to their extensive use in the pharmaceutical,biochemical,and petrochemical industries.In this review,we presented recent advancements in membrane materials,membrane fabrication techniques and their promising applications for separation in nonpolar solvent system,encompassing hydrocarbon separation,bioactive molecule purification and organic solvent recovery.Furthermore,this review highlighted the challenges and opportunities associated with membrane scale-up strategies and the direct translation of this promising technology into industrial applications.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,No.2021YFC2501200(to PC).
文摘Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’s disease.In this review,we summarize the changes in short-chain fatty acid levels and the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in various samples from patients with Parkinson’s disease,highlighting the critical role of gut homeostasis imbalance in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease.Focusing on the nervous system,we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which short-chain fatty acids influence the homeostasis of both the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system.We identify key processes,including the activation of G protein-coupled receptors and the inhibition of histone deacetylases by short-chain fatty acids.Importantly,structural or functional disruptions in the enteric nervous system mediated by these fatty acids may lead to abnormalα-synuclein expression and gastrointestinal dysmotility,which could serve as an initiating event in Parkinson’s disease.Furthermore,we propose that short-chain fatty acids help establish communication between the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system via the vagal nerve,immune circulation,and endocrine signaling.This communication may shed light on their potential role in the transmission ofα-synuclein from the gut to the brain.Finally,we elucidate novel treatment strategies for Parkinson’s disease that target short-chain fatty acids and examine the challenges associated with translating short-chain fatty acid-based therapies into clinical practice.In conclusion,this review emphasizes the pivotal role of short-chain fatty acids in regulating gut-brain axis integrity and their significance in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease from the perspective of the nervous system.Moreover,it highlights the potential value of short-chain fatty acids in early intervention for Parkinson’s disease.Future research into the molecular mechanisms of short-chain fatty acids and their synergistic interactions with other gut metabolites is likely to advance the clinical translation of innovative short-chain fatty acid-based therapies for Parkinson’s disease.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51173165)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2013QNA4048)
文摘By preparing homogenous blend samples with different degrees of chain entanglement, we report an anomalous contribution of chain entanglement to phase separation temperature and rate of poly（methyl methacrylate）/poly（styrene-co- maleic anhydride） （PMMA/SMA） blends presenting a typical lower critical solution temperature （LCST） behavior. The melt- mixed PMMA/SMA blends with a higher chain entanglement density present a lower cloud point （To） and shorter delay time, but lower phase separation rate at the given temperature than solution-cast ones, suggesting that for the polymer blends with different condensed state structure, thermodynamically more facilitation to phase separation （lower Tc） is not necessarily equivalent to faster kinetics （decomposition rate）. The experimental results indicate that the lower Tc of melt-mixed sample is ascribed to smaller concentration fluctuation wavelength （Am） induced by higher entanglement degree, while higher entanglement degree in melt-mixed sample leads to a confined segmental dynamics and consequently a slower kinetics （decomposition rate） dominated by macromolecular diffusion at a comparable quench depth. These results reveal that the chain packing in polymer blends can remarkably influence the liquid-liquid phase separation behavior, which is a significant difference from decomposition of small molecular mixtures.
文摘Two new stationary phases : (Ⅰ) [bikis(2,6-di-O-pentyl-3-O-hex-6O-pentyl-3-O-methyl)-β-CD-polysiloxane] and (Ⅱ) [heptkis(2,6-di-O-methyl-3-O-hex-6-enyl)-β-CD-polysiloxane] were synthesized and successfully used for GC separation of chiral isomers.The possess high column efficiency and exhibit fine chiral separation ability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Nos.91856124 and 21531005)Nature Science Fund of Tianjin,China(No.19JCZDJC37200)。
文摘Selective separation of CO_(2)/CH_(4)and C2 H_(2)/CH_(4)are promising for their high-purity industrial demand and scientific research on account of the similar molecular radius and physical properties.In this work,a unique 3 D microporous MOF material[Cu(SiF6)(sdi)2]·solvents(1,sdi=1,1’-sulfonyldiimidazole)was successfully constructed by cross-linking 1 D coordination polymer chains.The dense functional active sites on the inner walls of the channel of la can provide strong binding affinities to CO_(2),C2 H_(2),and thus effectively improve the gas separation performance of CO_(2)/CH_(4)and C2 H_(2)/CH_(4).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21868012 and 21968009)Jiangxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology (20171BCB24005, 20181ACH80003, 20192ACB80003 and 20192BBH80024)。
文摘Growth process of the NaY zeolite membranes was investigated by fluoride-containing precursor synthesis gel.Compared with the fluoride-free precursor synthesis gel,the irregular NaY zeolite crystals were dissolved into amorphous by the fluoride-containing precursor synthesis gel initially,the amorphous contained the Y-type zeolite characteristic bands by the IR characterization.The fine square NaY zeolite crystals arose from the amorphous,which were accumulated and gradually grew into a dense NaY zeolite layer on the support surface after 6.5 h.Because the excessive NaY zeolites were dissolved by the strong alkaline and fluoride-containing precursor synthesis gel,there was plenty of amorphous on NaY zeolites layer for prolonging the crystallization time.The assynthesized NaY zeolite membranes had a good separation performance and repeatability for separation of 10 wt%methanol(MeOH)/methyl methacrylate(MMA) mixture by pervaporation,the flux and separation factor were(1.27 ± 0.07) kg·M^(-2)·h^(-1) and(4900 ± 1500) at 323 K,respectively.Besides,the NaY zeolite membranes were applied to separate the other short chain alcohol from the various alcohol/organic ester and alcohol/organic ether mixtures,the NaY zeolite membranes showed high short chain alcohol perm-selectivity.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22078245 and 21861016)YLU-DNL Fund (No. 2022009)
文摘The design and development of highly permeable,selective and stable polymer membranes are great challenges in the gas separation industry.Herein,we constructed two intrinsic microporous polyimides(6FPCA and 6FMCA)derived from two isometric diamines(PCA and MCA),which were synthesized by palladium catalyzed C—N coupling reaction.The PCA and MCA diamines contain a hollow beaded structure of 2,2′-paracyclophane as a building block with a specified window size of 3.09Å.The chemical structures of monomers,polyimides were confirmed by NMR,FTIR,and elementary analysis.6FPCA and 6FMCA exhibit good solubility,excellent thermal stability,and mechanical properties.6FPCA exhibits much larger microporosity(434 versus 120 m2·g−1),FFV(0.22 versus 0.15),d-spacing(6.9 versus 5.9Å),and over 10 times higher permeability with a very little decrease in selectivity than the corresponding polyimide(6FpA)with a plane structure,which remarkably increased their separation performance from far below the 2008 Robeson Upper bounds to reach these limitations for O2/N2 and CO2/CH4.Additionally,the 6FPCA also demonstrates good plasticization resistance,moderate aging properties,and high CO2/CH4 mixed-gas separation performance.These results indicate that paracyclophane subunit can be successfully incorporated into polymers to enhance their ultra-microporosity and separation properties,which open a new avenue for developing high performance gas separation membranes with topological ultra-micropores.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51133003,21274091 and 21774078)the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility under the projects(Nos.10sr0260 and 10sr0126)
文摘A series of mixed, random cylindrical brush copolymers bearing polystyrene（PS） and poly（ε-caprolactone）（PCL） side chains were synthesized via the combination of ring-opening polymerization（ROP） and atom transfer radical polymerization（ATRP）. These novel cylindrical brush copolymers have been characterized by means of nuclear magnetic resonance（NMR） spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography（GPC） and differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）. It was found that the mikto-armed cylindrical brush copolymers were microphase-separated in bulks and that the morphologies were dependent on the mass ratios of PS to PCL side chains. One of the cylindrical brush copolymers was employed to incorporate into epoxy thermoset to investigate effect of the mikto-armed cylindrical brush architecture on the reaction-induced microphase separation behavior. Depending on the concentration of the cylindrical brush in epoxy, the thermosets can display the morphologies with the spherical, worm-like and lamellar PS microdomains dispersing in continuous thermosetting matrices.
文摘Using two b-cyclodextrin derivatives (CDs) with long chain of acyl groups as chiral stationary phases (CSPs) of capillary gas chromatography (CGC), the enantiomers of racemic allethrone and propargyllone were well resolved after derived with acetyl chloride. The enantiomer excess values (e.e.%) of 1S-allethrone and 1S-propargyllone were also determined successfully using these CDs.
基金supported by Fundamental Research Projects of Yunnan Province,China(Nos.202101BE070001-009,202301AU070189).
文摘Mineral fulvic acid(MFA)was used as an eco-friendly pyrite depressant to recover chalcopyrite by flotation with the use of the butyl xanthate as a collector.Flotation experiments showed that MFA produced a stronger inhibition effect on pyrite than on chalcopyrite.The separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite was realized by introducing 150 mg/L MFA at a pulp pH of approximately 8.0.The copper grade,copper recovery,and separation efficiency were 28.03%,84.79%,and 71.66%,respectively.Surface adsorption tests,zeta potential determinations,and localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests showed that more MFA adsorbed on pyrite than on chalcopyrite,which weakened the subsequent interactions between pyrite and the collector.Atomic force microscope imaging further confirmed the adsorption of MFA on pyrite,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that hydrophilic Fe-based species on the pyrite surfaces increased after exposure of pyrite to MFA,thereby decreasing the floatability of pyrite.
文摘The concept of Supply Chain 4.0 represents a transformative phase in supply chain management through advanced digital technologies like IoT, AI, blockchain, and cyber-physical systems. While these innovations deliver operational improvements, the heightened interconnectivity introduces significant cybersecurity challenges, particularly within military logistics, where mission-critical operations and life-safety concerns are paramount. This paper examines these unique cybersecurity requirements, focusing on advanced persistent threats, supply chain poisoning, and data breaches that could compromise sensitive operations. The study proposes a hybrid cybersecurity framework tailored to military logistics, integrating resilience, redundancy, and cross-jurisdictional security measures. Real-world applicability is validated through simulations, offering strategies for securing supply chains while balancing security, efficiency, and flexibility.
文摘Amid the escalating plastic pollution issue, the development of biodegradable and recyclable polymeric materials has become a focus within the scientific community. Chain extenders, which are an important class of compounds, facilitate the elongation of polymer chains through reactive functional groups, thereby enhancing the performance of the materials. Epoxy-based chain extenders, due to their cost-effectiveness, low toxicity, high reaction efficiency, and effective reactivity with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, have emerged as a promising class of chain extenders. This manuscript comprehensively elaborates on the varieties, structural characteristics, and performance of chain extenders, the challenges they face, and the methods for their modification. Special emphasis is placed on the application of epoxy-based chain extenders in biodegradable polymers, such as polylactic acid (PLA), and their subsequent influence on the structural and performance properties of these materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52372093 and 52102145)the Key R&D Program of Shaanxi Province(Nos.2023GXLH-045 and 2022SF-168)+4 种基金the Xi’an Programs for Science and Technology Plan(Nos.2020KJRC0090 and 21XJZZ0045)the Opening Project of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology(No.XJZZ202001)the Xi’an Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology(No.21XJZZ0054)the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry,Ministry of Education,Shaanxi University of Science and Technology(No.KFKT2021-01)the Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology,Shaanxi University of Science and Technology(No.KFKT2021-01).
文摘Melamine sponge is a major concern for oil-water separation due to its lightweight,high porosity(>99%),cost-effectiveness,impressive mechanical properties,and chemical/thermal stability.However,its amphiphilic nature hinders selective oil absorption in water.Recent strategies to enhance hydrophobicity are reviewed,including synthetic methods and materials,with comprehensive explanations of the mechanisms driven by surface energy and roughness.Key performance indicators for MS in oil-water separation,including adsorption capacity,wettability,stability,emulsion separation,reversible wettability switching,flame retardancy,mechanical properties,and recyclability,are thoroughly discussed.In conclusion,this review provides insights into the future potential and direction of functional melamine sponges in oil-water separation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2244227,U2244226,42177172)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC3004301)China Geological Survey Project(No.DD20230538)。
文摘Frequent glacier-related watershed geohazard chains are causing severe damage to life and infrastructure,reported consistently from the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis.This paper presents a systematic method for researching geohazard,from regional to individual scale.The methodology includes the establishment of geological chain inventories,discrimination of geohazard chain modes,analyses of dynamics and dam breaches,and risk assessments.The following results were obtained:(1)In the downstream of Yarlung Zangbo River,175 sites were identified as high-risk for river blockage disasters,indicating the development of watershed geohazards.Five geohazard chain modes were summarized by incorporating geomorphological characteristics,historical events,landslide zoning,and materials.The risk areas of typical hazard were identified and assessed using InSAR data.(2)Glacier-related watershed geohazard chains are significantly different from traditional landslides.A detailed inversion analysis was conducted on the massive rock-ice avalanche in the Sedongpu gully in 2021.This particular event lasted roughly 300 seconds,with a maximum flow velocity of 77.2 m/s and a maximum flow height of 93 meters.By scrutinizing the dynamic processes and mechanical characteristics,mobility stages and phase transitions can be divided into four stages.(3)Watershed geohazard chains tend to block rivers.The peak breach discharge of the Yigong Landslide reached 12.4×10^(4) m^(3)/s,which is 36 times the volume of the seasonal flood discharge in the Yigong River.Megafloods caused by landslide dam breaches have significantly shaped the geomorphology.This study offers insights into disaster patterns and the multistaged movement characteristics of glacier-related watershed geohazard chains,providing a comprehensive method for investigations and assessments in glacial regions.
基金funded by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program,Grant Nos.2024NSFSC0515,2024ZHCG0182 and MZGC20230013.
文摘To solve the challenges of connecting and coordinating multiple platforms in the automotive industry and to enhance collaboration among different participants,this research focuses on addressing the complex supply relationships in the automotive market,improving data sharing and interactions across various platforms,and achieving more detailed integration of data and operations.We propose a trust evaluation permission delegation method based on the automotive industry chain.The proposed method combines smart contracts with trust evaluation mechanisms,dynamically calculating the trust value of users based on the historical behavior of the delegated entity,network environment,and other factors to avoid malicious node attacks during the permission delegation process.We also introduce strict control over the cross-domain permission granting and revocation mechanisms to manage the delegation path,prevent information leakage caused by malicious node interception,and effectively protect data integrity and privacy.Experimental analysis shows that this method meets the realtime requirements of collaborative interaction in the automotive industry chain and provides a feasible solution to permission delegation issues in the automotive industry chain,offering dynamic flexibility in authorization and scalability compared to most existing solutions.
文摘In response to the challenges presented by the unreliable identity of the master node,high communication overhead,and limited network support size within the Practical Byzantine Fault-Tolerant(PBFT)algorithm for consortium chains,we propose an improved PBFT algorithm based on XGBoost grouping called XG-PBFT in this paper.XG-PBFT constructs a dataset by training important parameters that affect node performance,which are used as classification indexes for nodes.The XGBoost algorithm then is employed to train the dataset,and nodes joining the system will be grouped according to the trained grouping model.Among them,the nodes with higher parameter indexes will be assigned to the consensus group to participate in the consensus,and the rest of the nodes will be assigned to the general group to receive the consensus results.In order to reduce the resource waste of the system,XG-PBFT optimizes the consensus protocol for the problem of high complexity of PBFT communication.Finally,we evaluate the performance of XG-PBFT.The experimental results show that XG-PBFT can significantly improve the performance of throughput,consensus delay and communication complexity compared to the original PBFT algorithm,and the performance enhancement is significant compared to other algorithms in the case of a larger number of nodes.The results demonstrate that the XG-PBFT algorithm is more suitable for large-scale consortium chains.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52104354)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51674036)+1 种基金Joint Fund for Nuclear Technology Innovation Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinathe China National Nuclear Corporation(U2067201)。
文摘Comprehensive utilization of phosphogypsum(PG)has attracted much attention,especially for the recovery of rare earth elements(REEs)and gypsum due to the issues of stockpile,environmental pollution,and waste of associated resources.Traditional utilization methods suffered the issues of low REEs leaching efficiency,huge amount of CaSO_(4)saturated wastewater and high recovery cost.To solve these issues,this study investigated the occurrence of REEs in PG and the leaching of REEs.The results show that REEs in PG are in the forms of(1)REEs mineral inclusions,(2)REEs isomorphous substitution of Ca^(2+)in gypsum lattice,(3)dispersed soluble REEs salts.Acid leaching results demonstrate that(1)the dissolution of gypsum matrix is the control factor of REEs leaching;(2)H_(2)SO_(4)is a promising leachant considering the recycle of leachate;(3)the gypsum matrix suffers a recrystallization during the acid leaching and releases the soluble REEs from PG to aqueous solution.For the recovery of the undissolved REEs mineral inclusions,wet sieving concentrated 37.1 wt%of the REEs in a 10.7 wt%mass,increasing REEs content from 309 to 1071 ppm.Finally,a green process combining gravity separation and hydrometallurgy is proposed.This process owns the merits of wastewater free,considerable REEs recovery(about 10%increase compared with traditional processes),excellent gypsum purification(>95 wt%CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O,with<0.06 wt%of soluble P_(2)O_(5) and<0.015 wt%of soluble F)and reagent saving(about 2/3less reagent consumption than non-cyclical leaching).
基金supported by the Major Subject of the National Social Science Foundation of China(21&ZD093)the Basic Research Funds of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(16100520240017)+1 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAASCSAERD-202402,10-IAED-04-2024)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-08).
文摘The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP)has created favorable conditions for building deeply integrated agricultural value chains(AVC)in Asia-Pacific.Based on the RCEP agreement,this study employed the global trade analysis project(GTAP)model to evaluate the impact of RCEP on AVC of member countries in terms of time,tariff reduction,and reduction of non-tariff barriers(NTB).The results indicate that(1)the implementation of RCEP boosts the value-added to agricultural exports for most member countries,particularly in competitive industries;(2)the increase in domestic production and processing capacity,reflected in domestic value-added(DVA),is the primary factor driving the rise in the value-added of agricultural exports across various industries of member countries;(3)RCEP enhances the participation of most regional countries in AVC,with varying impacts on AVC positioning,thereby fostering regional AvC development;and(4)RCEP has a positive effect on AVC indicators both in the short and long term,with the effect becoming more pronounced over time.Additionally,reducing NTB enhances the positive effects of tariff reductions on AVC indicators.Based on the analyses,the following recommendations are proposed:(1)Leverage the development opportunities arising from RCEP implementation to enhance the agricultural DVA;(2)capitalize on cooperative opportunities created by RCEP to build cohesive regional AVC;and(3)prioritize the effective implementation of RCEP'shigh-qualityrules.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFC1909202)Major Science and Technology Program of Yunnan Province,China(No.202202AB080012)for financial support。
文摘Copper and cobalt were recovered from SICOMINES mining waste rock in the Democratic Republic of Congo.The process mineralogy of the samples was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy.The results showed that copper minerals exhibited various forms and uneven particle sizes,while cobalt existed in the form of highly dispersed asbolane,and large amounts of easily slimed gangue minerals were filled in the samples,making it difficult to separate copper and cobalt minerals.The particle size range plays a decisive role in selecting the separation method for the copper−cobalt ore.Gravity separation was suitable for particles ranging from 43 to 246μm,while flotation was more effective for particles below 43μm.After ore grinding and particle size classification,applying a combined gravity separation(shaking table)−flotation method yielded concentrated minerals with a copper recovery of 72.83%and a cobalt recovery of 31.13%.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52373281)National Energy-Saving and Low-Carbon Materials Production and Application Demonstration Platform Program,China(No.TC220H06N)。
文摘The research,fabrication and development of piezoelectric nanofibrous materials offer effective solutions to the challenges related to energy consumption and non-renewable resources.However,enhancing their electrical output still remains a significant challenge.Here,a strategy of inducing constrained phase separation on single nanofibers via shear force was proposed.Employing electrospinning technology,a polyacrylonitrile/polyvinylidene difluoride(PAN/PVDF)nanofibrous membrane was fabricated in one step,which enabled simultaneous piezoelectric and triboelectric conversion within a single-layer membrane.Each nanofiber contained independent components of PAN and PVDF and exhibited a rough surface.The abundant frictional contact points formed between these heterogeneous components contributed to an enhanced endogenous triboelectric output,showcasing an excellent synergistic effect of piezoelectric and triboelectric response in the nanofibrous membrane.Additionally,the component mass ratio influenced the microstructure,piezoelectric conformation and piezoelectric performance of the PAN/PVDF nanofibrous membranes.Through comprehensive performance comparison,the optimal mass ratio of PAN to PVDF was determined to be 9∶1.The piezoelectric devices made of the optimal PAN/PVDF nanofibrous membranes with rough nanofiber surfaces generated an output voltage of 20 V,which was about 1.8 times that of the smooth one at the same component mass ratio.The strategy of constrained phase separation on the surface of individual nanofibers provides a new approach to enhance the output performance of single-layer piezoelectric nanofibrous materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2230081973)Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research(22TQ1400100-4).
文摘Membrane technology holds significant potential for augmenting or partially substituting conventional separation techniques,such as heatdriven distillation,thereby reducing energy consumption.Organic solvent nanofiltration represents an advanced membrane separation technology capable of discerning molecules within a molecular weight range of approximately 100-1000 Da in organic solvents,offering low energy requirements and minimal carbon footprints.Molecular separation in non-polar solvent system,such as toluene,n-hexane,and n-heptane,has gained paramount importance due to their extensive use in the pharmaceutical,biochemical,and petrochemical industries.In this review,we presented recent advancements in membrane materials,membrane fabrication techniques and their promising applications for separation in nonpolar solvent system,encompassing hydrocarbon separation,bioactive molecule purification and organic solvent recovery.Furthermore,this review highlighted the challenges and opportunities associated with membrane scale-up strategies and the direct translation of this promising technology into industrial applications.
