The rooting and growth of frozen cassava under different chemical treatments were studied.The result has demonstrated that disinfection effect could increase rooting rate and seedling emergence rate of cassava seed st...The rooting and growth of frozen cassava under different chemical treatments were studied.The result has demonstrated that disinfection effect could increase rooting rate and seedling emergence rate of cassava seed stem and decrease the rate of mildew.The sportak treatment could generate better effect(rooting rate and seedling emergence rate were 63%,the mildew rate of stem was 28%).Among different rooting reagents,Genwang+lime treatment generated better effect on rooting rate and emergence rate of frozen cassava than these of other groups and control group.It was concluded from the effects of different rooting reagents on growth of seed stem that Genwang+lime treatment could promote elongation and growth of cassava significantly(the mean plant height of experimental groups inceased 8.58 cm compared with that of control group) while paclobutrazol+lime generated the best effect on crassation of stem(the stem diameter of experimental group increased 0.4 cm compared with that of control group).展开更多
[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate effects of different intercropping modes on growth, yields and economic benefit of cassava and peanut in symbiotic period. [Method] With sole cropping of cassava （M...[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate effects of different intercropping modes on growth, yields and economic benefit of cassava and peanut in symbiotic period. [Method] With sole cropping of cassava （M1） and sole cropping of peanut （M2） as control groups, effects of intercropping of cassava with 1 row, 2 rows and 3 rows of peanut （M3, M4 and M5）on crop growth, yields and economic benefit were studied. [Result] Intercropping affected both growth and yields of cassava and peanut. Growth competition existed between cassava and peanut, and plant heights of cassava and peanut changed similarly. In late stages of intercropping, treatments M1, M2 and M5 showed higher plant heights under no nitrogen application, while treatment M3 and M4 exhibited higher plant heights under nitrogen application; intercropping improved leaf temperature, but no obvious law could be observed among different intercropping treatments; and intercropping improved total dry matter amount, which was the highest in M5 in root expanding stage and on the 30th day of the expanding stage, and the highest in M4 on the 60th day of the expanding stage. Intercropping reduced the yield of single plant, but improved the economic benefit of red upland soil; and under no nitrogen application and nitrogen application, cassava yields decreased by 25.35% and 14.55%, respectively, peanut yields decreased by 28.76% and 52.60%, respectively, while economic benefit increased by 72.90% and 56.82%, respectively. [Conclusion] Compared with sole cropping, interplanting cassava with 1 row, 2 rows or 3 rows of peanut could all improve economic benefit, and the economic benefit increased with number of rows of interplanted peanut increasing.展开更多
The research explored effects of cultivation methods on growth, yield and quality of cassava. The results showed that the mulching treatment by direct seed- ing, the mulching treatment by transplanting, and the expose...The research explored effects of cultivation methods on growth, yield and quality of cassava. The results showed that the mulching treatment by direct seed- ing, the mulching treatment by transplanting, and the exposed treatment by trans- planting performed excellently in bringing seedling stage forward, improving germina- tion rate, yield and quality. For example, seedling emergence stages were 36, 31 and 31 d earlier; germination rates improved by 19.24%, 14.29% and 14.29%; yields grew by 41.98%, 26.72% and 11.45%; starch contents increased by 3.50%, 2.10% and 1.40%, respectively. Therefore, cassava in the mulching treatment by direct seeding is characterized by earlier seedling emergence stage, high germination rate, high yield and quality.展开更多
Cassava starch-based superabsorbent polymer was successfully synthesized using a new technology that based on modification of a Haake twin-roll mixer as reactor. The cassava starch was first gelatinized then modified ...Cassava starch-based superabsorbent polymer was successfully synthesized using a new technology that based on modification of a Haake twin-roll mixer as reactor. The cassava starch was first gelatinized then modified by grafting under external shear stress in the reactor. The torque and temperature curves as a function of time can reflect the variations in the reactor and also offer some information about the copolymerization reaction. The advantages of this system include starch modification can be carried out （l） with high starch concentration, （2） under controlled ticne and （3） smaller amount of sample （60 g） required. The technology provides useful guides for reactive extrusion. The starch grafted composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） and thermal gravimetric analysis （TGA）. The TGA was also used for determining the percentage of grafting ratio. The results show that the cassava starch has been successfully grafted with acrylamide then crosslinked by N,N＇-methylene-bisacrylamide using this reactor. The ultimate water absorbent capacity of the cassava-based superabsorbent polymer impacted by various pH values illustrated that the acid and basic solutions inhibit the ability of imbibing water. Additionally, gel properties of the cassava-based superabsorbent polymer were investigated. It can be concluded that the structure of cassava gel is stable, while the three dimensional network of cassava-based superabsorbent polymer is rigid but its structure could not resist external force effectively and everlastingly since G＇ was decreased with increasing amplitude.展开更多
In this study,11 cultivars of cassava（Manihot esculenta Crantz） were taken as materials to determine the starch contents and the ability to produce ethanol with uncooked and cooked materials.The results showed that ...In this study,11 cultivars of cassava（Manihot esculenta Crantz） were taken as materials to determine the starch contents and the ability to produce ethanol with uncooked and cooked materials.The results showed that the starch content differed among different cultivars.Among the 11 cultivars,SC9 had the highest starch content（82.33%）.The ethanol yield of cooked material was significantly higher than that of uncooked material.Moreover,there was a significant difference in ethanol yield among different cultivars.For the uncooked materials,H680 produced the most ethanol yield（9.7%）;while for the cooked materials,H609 produced the most ethanol yield（13.8%）.展开更多
[Objective] In this study,the climatic features and overwintering sage storage methods of seed-stem of cassava in cassava-planting areas were investigated aiming at providing a technical guidance for sustainable devel...[Objective] In this study,the climatic features and overwintering sage storage methods of seed-stem of cassava in cassava-planting areas were investigated aiming at providing a technical guidance for sustainable development of cassava industry in China.[Method] The seed-stem of cassava was overwintered through keeping in field,piling up in the open air,burying in soil or piling up in greenhouses in Hepu,Nanning and Laibin of Guangxi,Hunan and Zhejiang.After the beginning of spring,the survival buds in seed stem of cassava were counted.And then the survival rates of buds were calculated for different storage methods.[Result] In Hepu,where the seed-stem of cassava was piled up in the open air for overwintering,the survival rates of buds were all higher than 90.00%.In particular,the survival rate of buds in seed-stem of cassava that was buried shallowly in the open field was highest（94.38%）.In Nanning,the seed-stem of cassava that was stored in greenhouses had the highest survival rate（94.98%） of buds.In Laibin,the seed-stem of cassava was usually stacked in greenhouses.Thus the survival rates of buds were almost all higher than 89.60%.Particularly,the survival rate of buds in seed-stem of cassava that was buried horizontally in soil and covered with sugarcane leaves reached the peak（98.79%）.In Jiangyong and Hangzhou,the seedstem of cassava was stored in specific facilities.So the survival rates of buds were relatively high.[Conclusion] In the frost-free areas south of 21.6° N（south of Maoming（Guangdong）-Hepu（Guangxi）-Jinghong（Yunnan））,the seed-stem of cassava can be buried shallowly in the open air or stacked and covered with film.In the light to heavy-frost areas（21.6° N-23.8° N,south of Qingyuan（Guangdong）-Laibin（Guangxi）-Lincang（Yunnan））,the seed-stem of cassava can be stacked in greenhouses,stacked and covered with film in the open air or buried vertically in greenhouses.In the heavy-frost areas and low-temperature areas north of 23.8° N（north of Qingyuan（Guangdong）-Laibin（Guangxi）-Lincang（Yunnan） to HunanJiangxi-Zhejiang）,the seed-stem of cassava can be stored in coldness-resistant caves or cellars or stacked vertically in greenhouses along with small sheds.展开更多
[Objective] In order to explore the yield potential of cassava, the responses of new cassava varieties to fertilizer quantity was investigated. [Method] A comparative experiment was carried out on 5 new fertilizer-tol...[Objective] In order to explore the yield potential of cassava, the responses of new cassava varieties to fertilizer quantity was investigated. [Method] A comparative experiment was carried out on 5 new fertilizer-tolerant high-yield cassava varieties（Guire 8, Guire 9, Guire 10, Xinxuan 048 and Guiken 09-26） with the normal-level fertilization groups of these varieties as controls. [Result] The results showed that：（1） increasing fertilizers could significantly improve the stem and leaf yield of cassava;（2） increasing fertilizers could reduce the dry matter content of cassava; and（3） different varieties differed in fertilizer tolerance, and the fertilizing amount should be determined according to specific varieties. [Conclusion] Guire 10 and Xinxuan 048 are suitable for being cultivated at a high fertilizer level, and the remaining three varieties（Guiken 09-26, Guire 8 and Guire 9） are suitable for being cultivated at a normal fertilizer level.展开更多
In order to find out a new way for environment-friendly and resourcelized utilization of cassava starch processing wastewater, the cassava starch anaerobic fermentation liquid was applied in watermelon production, and...In order to find out a new way for environment-friendly and resourcelized utilization of cassava starch processing wastewater, the cassava starch anaerobic fermentation liquid was applied in watermelon production, and its effects on the growth and development, yield and fruit quality of watermelon were investigated. The results showed that the cassava starch anaerobic fermentation liquid significant- ly promoted the vegetative and reproductive growth and improved the yield and fruit quality of watermelon. Compared with conventional fertilization, the application of cassava starch anaerobic fermentation both with COD concentration of 1 200 mg/L according to the amount of 150 t/hm2 promoted the growth of vines and leaves of watermelon plants, brought forward the flowering, fruiting and harvest of watermelon and significantly increased the fruit number, fruit weight, yield, fruit size, fruit shape index, soluble solid content, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content and Vita- min C content of watermelon. At the same time of improving the yield and quality of watermelon, cassava starch anaerobic fermentation liquid was turned into treasure as a liquid fertilizer. This study provides a new ideal for the yield and quality im- provement of watermelon and the wastewater treating of starch factories.展开更多
Iron fortification can cause several biophysicochemical modifications. Those depend on many factors, such as iron fortificant and the food carrier. There were four groups of chips： 1） non-fortified wheat flour chips...Iron fortification can cause several biophysicochemical modifications. Those depend on many factors, such as iron fortificant and the food carrier. There were four groups of chips： 1） non-fortified wheat flour chips （K1）; 2） non-fortified cassava flour chips （K2）; 3） fortified cassava flour chips, each with ZnSO4 30 ppm and NaFe EDTA （K3） 30 ppm and 4） fortified cassava flour chips, each with ZnSO4 50 ppm and NaFe EDTA （K4） 50 ppm. The chips were evaluated for sensory characteristic （color, taste, flavor, and texture）, organoleptic characteristics tested by preference test, as well as zinc and iron contents. Zinc and iron contents were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectophotometric method. The results showed that both fortificants did not affect the sensory characteristic of cassava flour chips. The preference test showed that color, taste, and flavor of Kl chips as a control, were mostly liked, but there was no significant difference preference of texture. Moreover, preference test using K2 as control showed that color of K3 was mostly liked, but there was no significant difference preference of taste, flavor and texture. Fortification can increase the contents of zinc and iron in cassava flour chips. The panelist can accept the fortified cassava chips as well as wheat flour chip, as a consequence, both can be a potential way to combat the iron deficiency anemia.展开更多
Cassava is a multi-purpose crop for food, feed and industrial raw materi- als （starch, modified starch and ethanol fuel）. Cassava leaf, an important by-product of cassava industry, is rich in protein, minerals and f...Cassava is a multi-purpose crop for food, feed and industrial raw materi- als （starch, modified starch and ethanol fuel）. Cassava leaf, an important by-product of cassava industry, is rich in protein, minerals and flavonoids. This article reviews the utilization of cassava leaf in the production of food, animal feed and antioxidants in recent years, analyzes the effects of anti-nutritional factors and extraction of an- tioxidative flavonoids on the utilization of cassava leaf, finally puts forward the main problems in the utilization of cassava leaf, to provide a theoretical basis for the ba- sic research of cassava leaf.展开更多
The globally invasive cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero is a pernicious pest of cassava,and its recent introduction into Asia has raised considerable alarm.To slow or prevent further invasion,an acc...The globally invasive cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero is a pernicious pest of cassava,and its recent introduction into Asia has raised considerable alarm.To slow or prevent further invasion,an accurate,simple,and developmental-stage-independent detection method for P.manihoti is required.In the present study,a PCR method based on a species-specific mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I(SS-COI)marker was developed for rapid identification of P.manihoti.One pair of SS-COI primers(PMSSZW-1F and PMSSZW-1R)was designed based on sequence variations in the COI gene among P.manihoti and related mealybug species.Specificity of the primer pair was validated on 21 closely related species.Sensitivity tests were performed on four immature developmental stages and female adults.Efficacy tests demonstrated that at the relatively low concentration of(135.2±14.7)pgresuspended DNA,the specific fragment was detected in all replicates.Furthermore,the SS-COI primer pair was assayed on three populations of P.manihoti from major exporting countries of cassava.The PCR assay was proved to be a rapid,simple,and reliable molecular measure for the identification of P.manihoti.This tool will be useful for quarantine,monitoring,and management of this invasive pest.展开更多
Cassava(Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important root crop worldwide. It exhibits substantial differential genotypic responses to varying environmental conditions, a phenomenon termed genotype × environment inte...Cassava(Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important root crop worldwide. It exhibits substantial differential genotypic responses to varying environmental conditions, a phenomenon termed genotype × environment interaction(GEI). A significant GEI presents challenges in the selection of superior genotypes. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of genotype,environment and GEI on early fresh storage root yield(FSRY) and related traits in cassava.Accordingly, 12 cassava genotypes were evaluated in a randomised complete block design at three contrasting locations(Jinja, Nakasongola and Namulonge) in Uganda. Trials were harvested nine months after planting and the data collected were analysed using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction(AMMI) model. The AMMI analysis of variance showed significant variation among genotypes for early FSRY and all other traits assessed.Locations were significantly different for all traits except for cassava brown streak disease root necrosis. The GEI effect was non-significant for early FSRY, but significant for other traits. For early FSRY, 48.5% of the treatment sum of squares was attributable to genotypes, 27.3% to environments, and 24.1% to GEI, indicating a predominance of genotypic variation for this trait.Predominance of genotypic variation was also observed for all the other traits. A majority of the genotypes(67%) had low interaction effects with locations for early FSRY, with Akena, CT2, CT4 and NASE14 being the most stable genotypes for the trait. Significant negative correlation was observed between cassava mosaic disease severity and early FSRY and storage root number,indicating significant negative effects of cassava mosaic disease on early FSRY and stability in cassava. The information generated will inform future selection initiatives for superior early-yielding cassava genotypes combining resistance to cassava mosaic and brown streak diseases in Uganda.展开更多
Cassava is an important tropical cash crop. Severe drought stresses affect cassava productivity and quality, and cause great economic losses in agricultural production. Enhancing the drought tolerance of cassava can e...Cassava is an important tropical cash crop. Severe drought stresses affect cassava productivity and quality, and cause great economic losses in agricultural production. Enhancing the drought tolerance of cassava can effectively improve its yield. Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs) are present in a wide variety of eukaryotes. Recently, increasing evidence has shown that lncRNAs play a critical role in the responses to abiotic stresses. However, the function of cassava lncRNAs in the drought response remains largely unknown. In this study, we identified a novel lncRNA, DROUGHT-INDUCED INTERGENIC lncRNA(DIR). Gene expression analysis showed that DIR was significantly induced by drought stress treatment, but did not respond to abscisic acid(ABA) or jasmonic acid(JA) treatments. In addition, overexpression of the DIR gene enhanced proline accumulation and drought tolerance in transgenic cassava. RNA-seq analysis revealed that DIR preferentially affected drought-related genes that were linked to transcription and metabolism. Moreover, RNA pull-down mass spectrometry analysis showed that DIR interacted with 325 proteins. A protein–protein interaction(PPI)analysis found a marked enrichment in proteins associated with the mRNA export and protein quality control pathways.Collectively, these results suggest that DIR and its interacting proteins that regulate mRNA or protein metabolism are involved in mediating the drought stress response. Thus, regulating DIR expression has potential for improving cassava yield under drought conditions.展开更多
Drought stress impairs plant growth and other physiological functions. MeHDZ14, a homeodomainleucine zipper I transcription factor, is strongly induced by drought stress in various cassava cultivars.However, the role ...Drought stress impairs plant growth and other physiological functions. MeHDZ14, a homeodomainleucine zipper I transcription factor, is strongly induced by drought stress in various cassava cultivars.However, the role of MeHDZ14 in cassava growth regulation has remained unclear. Here we report that MeHDZ14 affected plant height, such that a dwarf phenotype and altered internode elongation were observed in transgenic cassava lines. MeHDZ14 was found to negatively regulate the biosynthesis of lignin. Its overexpression resulted in abaxially rolled leaves. The morphogenesis of leaf epidermal cells was inhibited by overexpression of MeHDZ14, with decreased auxin and gibberellin and increased cytokinin contents. MeHDZ14 was found to regulate many drought-responsive genes, including genes involved in cell wall synthesis and expansion. MeHDZ14 bound to the promoter of caffeic acid 3-Omethyltransferase 1(MeCOMT1), acting as a transcriptional repressor of genes involved in cell wall development. MeHDZ14 appears to act as a negative regulator of internode elongation and epidermal cell morphogenesis during cassava leaf development.展开更多
Soy protein isolate and egg white protein were added to cassava-banana gluten-free pasta and the effects on the nutritional quality,digestibility properties,protein digestibility corrected amino acid(PDCAA),and sensor...Soy protein isolate and egg white protein were added to cassava-banana gluten-free pasta and the effects on the nutritional quality,digestibility properties,protein digestibility corrected amino acid(PDCAA),and sensory acceptance of the pasta was observed.Banana-cassava composite flour(75:25)was blended with soy protein isolate or egg white protein at the following rates:0,5,10,and 15 g/100 g flour.Cooked pasta samples were analysed for total phenolic content(TPC),antioxidant activity,amino acid profiles,protein content,starch digestibility,protein digestibility and protein digestibility corrected amino acid score(PDCAAS).Addition of both proteins decreased starch digestibility,increased protein digestibility,improved the balance of the amino acid profile,and PDCAAS whereas only soy protein isolate enhanced the TPC and antioxidant capacity of the banana-cassava pasta.An egg white protein-fortified banana-cassava pasta had better customer acceptance and purchase intent than soy protein isolate inclusion.展开更多
Cassava residue was liquefied by using ethylene glycol(EG), ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and polyethylene glycol(molecular weight: 400 g/mol) as the liquefaction reagent respectively at the temperature of 1...Cassava residue was liquefied by using ethylene glycol(EG), ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and polyethylene glycol(molecular weight: 400 g/mol) as the liquefaction reagent respectively at the temperature of 130-170 ℃ with sulfuric acid as the catalyst. The influences of liquefaction parameters, such as the type of liquefaction reagents, mass ratio of EG/cassava residue, liquefaction temperature and time on the properties of the products were discussed. The optimum liquefaction conditions were obtained when the mass ratio of EG/cassava residue was 6:1(w/w), the liquefaction temperature was 150 ℃, the liquefaction time was3 h and the mass fraction of concentrated sulfuric acid/EG was 2.5 wt%. The hydroxyl numbers and residue content of the liquefied products at optimal conditions were 1 137 mgKOH/g and 0.43%, respectively. FT-IR spectrum showed that the liquefaction product of cassava residue was polyether polyol and could be used to prepare polyurethane material or alkyd resins.展开更多
As one of the top three tuber crops of the world, cassava is a staple food and feed crop for tropical and subtropical regions. Because of its high drought resistance and tolerance to nutrient deficiency, cassava is us...As one of the top three tuber crops of the world, cassava is a staple food and feed crop for tropical and subtropical regions. Because of its high drought resistance and tolerance to nutrient deficiency, cassava is usually cultivated on hilly areas that are nutrient-poor. Nitrogen(N) is one of the significant factors affecting cassava yield. A double factorial(N level×genotypes) split-plot field experiment was conducted to analyze differences in yield and N accumulation of 25 cassava genotypes under low-N conditions to screen for cassava genotypes with high-N efficiency. The two-year field experiment showed that cassava yield and N accumulation are determined by specific genotypes, soil N levels, and year. Among these factors, soil N levels are the main factors that are responsible for differences in cassava yield. When yield and relative N accumulation under low-N conditions were used as screening markers, we identified an efficient and responsive genotype(SC10), and two inefficient and non-responsive genotypes(SC205 and GR5). The efficient and responsive genotype and the inefficient and non-responsive genotype can be used as study materials to further reveal the mechanisms for high-N efficiency in cassava.展开更多
文摘The rooting and growth of frozen cassava under different chemical treatments were studied.The result has demonstrated that disinfection effect could increase rooting rate and seedling emergence rate of cassava seed stem and decrease the rate of mildew.The sportak treatment could generate better effect(rooting rate and seedling emergence rate were 63%,the mildew rate of stem was 28%).Among different rooting reagents,Genwang+lime treatment generated better effect on rooting rate and emergence rate of frozen cassava than these of other groups and control group.It was concluded from the effects of different rooting reagents on growth of seed stem that Genwang+lime treatment could promote elongation and growth of cassava significantly(the mean plant height of experimental groups inceased 8.58 cm compared with that of control group) while paclobutrazol+lime generated the best effect on crassation of stem(the stem diameter of experimental group increased 0.4 cm compared with that of control group).
基金Supported by Youth Innovation Fund of Jiangxi Sciences of Agricultural Sciences(2013CQN010)Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-12-jxyzq)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate effects of different intercropping modes on growth, yields and economic benefit of cassava and peanut in symbiotic period. [Method] With sole cropping of cassava （M1） and sole cropping of peanut （M2） as control groups, effects of intercropping of cassava with 1 row, 2 rows and 3 rows of peanut （M3, M4 and M5）on crop growth, yields and economic benefit were studied. [Result] Intercropping affected both growth and yields of cassava and peanut. Growth competition existed between cassava and peanut, and plant heights of cassava and peanut changed similarly. In late stages of intercropping, treatments M1, M2 and M5 showed higher plant heights under no nitrogen application, while treatment M3 and M4 exhibited higher plant heights under nitrogen application; intercropping improved leaf temperature, but no obvious law could be observed among different intercropping treatments; and intercropping improved total dry matter amount, which was the highest in M5 in root expanding stage and on the 30th day of the expanding stage, and the highest in M4 on the 60th day of the expanding stage. Intercropping reduced the yield of single plant, but improved the economic benefit of red upland soil; and under no nitrogen application and nitrogen application, cassava yields decreased by 25.35% and 14.55%, respectively, peanut yields decreased by 28.76% and 52.60%, respectively, while economic benefit increased by 72.90% and 56.82%, respectively. [Conclusion] Compared with sole cropping, interplanting cassava with 1 row, 2 rows or 3 rows of peanut could all improve economic benefit, and the economic benefit increased with number of rows of interplanted peanut increasing.
基金Supported by the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-12)~~
文摘The research explored effects of cultivation methods on growth, yield and quality of cassava. The results showed that the mulching treatment by direct seed- ing, the mulching treatment by transplanting, and the exposed treatment by trans- planting performed excellently in bringing seedling stage forward, improving germina- tion rate, yield and quality. For example, seedling emergence stages were 36, 31 and 31 d earlier; germination rates improved by 19.24%, 14.29% and 14.29%; yields grew by 41.98%, 26.72% and 11.45%; starch contents increased by 3.50%, 2.10% and 1.40%, respectively. Therefore, cassava in the mulching treatment by direct seeding is characterized by earlier seedling emergence stage, high germination rate, high yield and quality.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31130042,21174043,31301554 and 31101340)
文摘Cassava starch-based superabsorbent polymer was successfully synthesized using a new technology that based on modification of a Haake twin-roll mixer as reactor. The cassava starch was first gelatinized then modified by grafting under external shear stress in the reactor. The torque and temperature curves as a function of time can reflect the variations in the reactor and also offer some information about the copolymerization reaction. The advantages of this system include starch modification can be carried out （l） with high starch concentration, （2） under controlled ticne and （3） smaller amount of sample （60 g） required. The technology provides useful guides for reactive extrusion. The starch grafted composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） and thermal gravimetric analysis （TGA）. The TGA was also used for determining the percentage of grafting ratio. The results show that the cassava starch has been successfully grafted with acrylamide then crosslinked by N,N＇-methylene-bisacrylamide using this reactor. The ultimate water absorbent capacity of the cassava-based superabsorbent polymer impacted by various pH values illustrated that the acid and basic solutions inhibit the ability of imbibing water. Additionally, gel properties of the cassava-based superabsorbent polymer were investigated. It can be concluded that the structure of cassava gel is stable, while the three dimensional network of cassava-based superabsorbent polymer is rigid but its structure could not resist external force effectively and everlastingly since G＇ was decreased with increasing amplitude.
基金Supported by Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-12)Hunan Agricultural University Youth Science Foundation(12QN13)~~
文摘In this study,11 cultivars of cassava（Manihot esculenta Crantz） were taken as materials to determine the starch contents and the ability to produce ethanol with uncooked and cooked materials.The results showed that the starch content differed among different cultivars.Among the 11 cultivars,SC9 had the highest starch content（82.33%）.The ethanol yield of cooked material was significantly higher than that of uncooked material.Moreover,there was a significant difference in ethanol yield among different cultivars.For the uncooked materials,H680 produced the most ethanol yield（9.7%）;while for the cooked materials,H609 produced the most ethanol yield（13.8%）.
基金Supported by Scientist Program for Seedling Breeding of National Cassava IndustryTechnology System(CARS-12-gxwbh)Key Science and Technology Program ofGuangxi Province(1222014-2C)~~
文摘[Objective] In this study,the climatic features and overwintering sage storage methods of seed-stem of cassava in cassava-planting areas were investigated aiming at providing a technical guidance for sustainable development of cassava industry in China.[Method] The seed-stem of cassava was overwintered through keeping in field,piling up in the open air,burying in soil or piling up in greenhouses in Hepu,Nanning and Laibin of Guangxi,Hunan and Zhejiang.After the beginning of spring,the survival buds in seed stem of cassava were counted.And then the survival rates of buds were calculated for different storage methods.[Result] In Hepu,where the seed-stem of cassava was piled up in the open air for overwintering,the survival rates of buds were all higher than 90.00%.In particular,the survival rate of buds in seed-stem of cassava that was buried shallowly in the open field was highest（94.38%）.In Nanning,the seed-stem of cassava that was stored in greenhouses had the highest survival rate（94.98%） of buds.In Laibin,the seed-stem of cassava was usually stacked in greenhouses.Thus the survival rates of buds were almost all higher than 89.60%.Particularly,the survival rate of buds in seed-stem of cassava that was buried horizontally in soil and covered with sugarcane leaves reached the peak（98.79%）.In Jiangyong and Hangzhou,the seedstem of cassava was stored in specific facilities.So the survival rates of buds were relatively high.[Conclusion] In the frost-free areas south of 21.6° N（south of Maoming（Guangdong）-Hepu（Guangxi）-Jinghong（Yunnan））,the seed-stem of cassava can be buried shallowly in the open air or stacked and covered with film.In the light to heavy-frost areas（21.6° N-23.8° N,south of Qingyuan（Guangdong）-Laibin（Guangxi）-Lincang（Yunnan））,the seed-stem of cassava can be stacked in greenhouses,stacked and covered with film in the open air or buried vertically in greenhouses.In the heavy-frost areas and low-temperature areas north of 23.8° N（north of Qingyuan（Guangdong）-Laibin（Guangxi）-Lincang（Yunnan） to HunanJiangxi-Zhejiang）,the seed-stem of cassava can be stored in coldness-resistant caves or cellars or stacked vertically in greenhouses along with small sheds.
基金Supported by the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-12-cssy)~~
文摘[Objective] In order to explore the yield potential of cassava, the responses of new cassava varieties to fertilizer quantity was investigated. [Method] A comparative experiment was carried out on 5 new fertilizer-tolerant high-yield cassava varieties（Guire 8, Guire 9, Guire 10, Xinxuan 048 and Guiken 09-26） with the normal-level fertilization groups of these varieties as controls. [Result] The results showed that：（1） increasing fertilizers could significantly improve the stem and leaf yield of cassava;（2） increasing fertilizers could reduce the dry matter content of cassava; and（3） different varieties differed in fertilizer tolerance, and the fertilizing amount should be determined according to specific varieties. [Conclusion] Guire 10 and Xinxuan 048 are suitable for being cultivated at a high fertilizer level, and the remaining three varieties（Guiken 09-26, Guire 8 and Guire 9） are suitable for being cultivated at a normal fertilizer level.
文摘In order to find out a new way for environment-friendly and resourcelized utilization of cassava starch processing wastewater, the cassava starch anaerobic fermentation liquid was applied in watermelon production, and its effects on the growth and development, yield and fruit quality of watermelon were investigated. The results showed that the cassava starch anaerobic fermentation liquid significant- ly promoted the vegetative and reproductive growth and improved the yield and fruit quality of watermelon. Compared with conventional fertilization, the application of cassava starch anaerobic fermentation both with COD concentration of 1 200 mg/L according to the amount of 150 t/hm2 promoted the growth of vines and leaves of watermelon plants, brought forward the flowering, fruiting and harvest of watermelon and significantly increased the fruit number, fruit weight, yield, fruit size, fruit shape index, soluble solid content, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content and Vita- min C content of watermelon. At the same time of improving the yield and quality of watermelon, cassava starch anaerobic fermentation liquid was turned into treasure as a liquid fertilizer. This study provides a new ideal for the yield and quality im- provement of watermelon and the wastewater treating of starch factories.
文摘Iron fortification can cause several biophysicochemical modifications. Those depend on many factors, such as iron fortificant and the food carrier. There were four groups of chips： 1） non-fortified wheat flour chips （K1）; 2） non-fortified cassava flour chips （K2）; 3） fortified cassava flour chips, each with ZnSO4 30 ppm and NaFe EDTA （K3） 30 ppm and 4） fortified cassava flour chips, each with ZnSO4 50 ppm and NaFe EDTA （K4） 50 ppm. The chips were evaluated for sensory characteristic （color, taste, flavor, and texture）, organoleptic characteristics tested by preference test, as well as zinc and iron contents. Zinc and iron contents were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectophotometric method. The results showed that both fortificants did not affect the sensory characteristic of cassava flour chips. The preference test showed that color, taste, and flavor of Kl chips as a control, were mostly liked, but there was no significant difference preference of texture. Moreover, preference test using K2 as control showed that color of K3 was mostly liked, but there was no significant difference preference of taste, flavor and texture. Fortification can increase the contents of zinc and iron in cassava flour chips. The panelist can accept the fortified cassava chips as well as wheat flour chip, as a consequence, both can be a potential way to combat the iron deficiency anemia.
文摘Cassava is a multi-purpose crop for food, feed and industrial raw materi- als （starch, modified starch and ethanol fuel）. Cassava leaf, an important by-product of cassava industry, is rich in protein, minerals and flavonoids. This article reviews the utilization of cassava leaf in the production of food, animal feed and antioxidants in recent years, analyzes the effects of anti-nutritional factors and extraction of an- tioxidative flavonoids on the utilization of cassava leaf, finally puts forward the main problems in the utilization of cassava leaf, to provide a theoretical basis for the ba- sic research of cassava leaf.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC1200600,2016YFC1201200 and 2015BAD08A16)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAAS(caascx-2013-2018-IAS)
文摘The globally invasive cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero is a pernicious pest of cassava,and its recent introduction into Asia has raised considerable alarm.To slow or prevent further invasion,an accurate,simple,and developmental-stage-independent detection method for P.manihoti is required.In the present study,a PCR method based on a species-specific mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I(SS-COI)marker was developed for rapid identification of P.manihoti.One pair of SS-COI primers(PMSSZW-1F and PMSSZW-1R)was designed based on sequence variations in the COI gene among P.manihoti and related mealybug species.Specificity of the primer pair was validated on 21 closely related species.Sensitivity tests were performed on four immature developmental stages and female adults.Efficacy tests demonstrated that at the relatively low concentration of(135.2±14.7)pgresuspended DNA,the specific fragment was detected in all replicates.Furthermore,the SS-COI primer pair was assayed on three populations of P.manihoti from major exporting countries of cassava.The PCR assay was proved to be a rapid,simple,and reliable molecular measure for the identification of P.manihoti.This tool will be useful for quarantine,monitoring,and management of this invasive pest.
基金funds from the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa through the African Centre for Crop Improvement
文摘Cassava(Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important root crop worldwide. It exhibits substantial differential genotypic responses to varying environmental conditions, a phenomenon termed genotype × environment interaction(GEI). A significant GEI presents challenges in the selection of superior genotypes. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of genotype,environment and GEI on early fresh storage root yield(FSRY) and related traits in cassava.Accordingly, 12 cassava genotypes were evaluated in a randomised complete block design at three contrasting locations(Jinja, Nakasongola and Namulonge) in Uganda. Trials were harvested nine months after planting and the data collected were analysed using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction(AMMI) model. The AMMI analysis of variance showed significant variation among genotypes for early FSRY and all other traits assessed.Locations were significantly different for all traits except for cassava brown streak disease root necrosis. The GEI effect was non-significant for early FSRY, but significant for other traits. For early FSRY, 48.5% of the treatment sum of squares was attributable to genotypes, 27.3% to environments, and 24.1% to GEI, indicating a predominance of genotypic variation for this trait.Predominance of genotypic variation was also observed for all the other traits. A majority of the genotypes(67%) had low interaction effects with locations for early FSRY, with Akena, CT2, CT4 and NASE14 being the most stable genotypes for the trait. Significant negative correlation was observed between cassava mosaic disease severity and early FSRY and storage root number,indicating significant negative effects of cassava mosaic disease on early FSRY and stability in cassava. The information generated will inform future selection initiatives for superior early-yielding cassava genotypes combining resistance to cassava mosaic and brown streak diseases in Uganda.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD1000500,2019YFD1000500,and 2019YFD1001105)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences(1630052021026 and 1630052022008)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960440)the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(320MS097)the Natural Science Foundation of China(31701484)。
文摘Cassava is an important tropical cash crop. Severe drought stresses affect cassava productivity and quality, and cause great economic losses in agricultural production. Enhancing the drought tolerance of cassava can effectively improve its yield. Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs) are present in a wide variety of eukaryotes. Recently, increasing evidence has shown that lncRNAs play a critical role in the responses to abiotic stresses. However, the function of cassava lncRNAs in the drought response remains largely unknown. In this study, we identified a novel lncRNA, DROUGHT-INDUCED INTERGENIC lncRNA(DIR). Gene expression analysis showed that DIR was significantly induced by drought stress treatment, but did not respond to abscisic acid(ABA) or jasmonic acid(JA) treatments. In addition, overexpression of the DIR gene enhanced proline accumulation and drought tolerance in transgenic cassava. RNA-seq analysis revealed that DIR preferentially affected drought-related genes that were linked to transcription and metabolism. Moreover, RNA pull-down mass spectrometry analysis showed that DIR interacted with 325 proteins. A protein–protein interaction(PPI)analysis found a marked enrichment in proteins associated with the mRNA export and protein quality control pathways.Collectively, these results suggest that DIR and its interacting proteins that regulate mRNA or protein metabolism are involved in mediating the drought stress response. Thus, regulating DIR expression has potential for improving cassava yield under drought conditions.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System (CARS11-HNCX)the Major Science and Technology Plan of Hainan Province (ZDKJ2021012)+3 种基金the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (1630052022008)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD1000501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31501378)the Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab (B21HJ0303)。
文摘Drought stress impairs plant growth and other physiological functions. MeHDZ14, a homeodomainleucine zipper I transcription factor, is strongly induced by drought stress in various cassava cultivars.However, the role of MeHDZ14 in cassava growth regulation has remained unclear. Here we report that MeHDZ14 affected plant height, such that a dwarf phenotype and altered internode elongation were observed in transgenic cassava lines. MeHDZ14 was found to negatively regulate the biosynthesis of lignin. Its overexpression resulted in abaxially rolled leaves. The morphogenesis of leaf epidermal cells was inhibited by overexpression of MeHDZ14, with decreased auxin and gibberellin and increased cytokinin contents. MeHDZ14 was found to regulate many drought-responsive genes, including genes involved in cell wall synthesis and expansion. MeHDZ14 bound to the promoter of caffeic acid 3-Omethyltransferase 1(MeCOMT1), acting as a transcriptional repressor of genes involved in cell wall development. MeHDZ14 appears to act as a negative regulator of internode elongation and epidermal cell morphogenesis during cassava leaf development.
文摘Soy protein isolate and egg white protein were added to cassava-banana gluten-free pasta and the effects on the nutritional quality,digestibility properties,protein digestibility corrected amino acid(PDCAA),and sensory acceptance of the pasta was observed.Banana-cassava composite flour(75:25)was blended with soy protein isolate or egg white protein at the following rates:0,5,10,and 15 g/100 g flour.Cooked pasta samples were analysed for total phenolic content(TPC),antioxidant activity,amino acid profiles,protein content,starch digestibility,protein digestibility and protein digestibility corrected amino acid score(PDCAAS).Addition of both proteins decreased starch digestibility,increased protein digestibility,improved the balance of the amino acid profile,and PDCAAS whereas only soy protein isolate enhanced the TPC and antioxidant capacity of the banana-cassava pasta.An egg white protein-fortified banana-cassava pasta had better customer acceptance and purchase intent than soy protein isolate inclusion.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51503041)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(No.2018J01752)
文摘Cassava residue was liquefied by using ethylene glycol(EG), ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and polyethylene glycol(molecular weight: 400 g/mol) as the liquefaction reagent respectively at the temperature of 130-170 ℃ with sulfuric acid as the catalyst. The influences of liquefaction parameters, such as the type of liquefaction reagents, mass ratio of EG/cassava residue, liquefaction temperature and time on the properties of the products were discussed. The optimum liquefaction conditions were obtained when the mass ratio of EG/cassava residue was 6:1(w/w), the liquefaction temperature was 150 ℃, the liquefaction time was3 h and the mass fraction of concentrated sulfuric acid/EG was 2.5 wt%. The hydroxyl numbers and residue content of the liquefied products at optimal conditions were 1 137 mgKOH/g and 0.43%, respectively. FT-IR spectrum showed that the liquefaction product of cassava residue was polyether polyol and could be used to prepare polyurethane material or alkyd resins.
基金provided by the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation,China(2014GXNSFAA118077 and 2018GXNSFDA281056)the Guangxi Postgraduate Innovative Education Research Program,China(YCBZ2017013 and YCSW2018039)。
文摘As one of the top three tuber crops of the world, cassava is a staple food and feed crop for tropical and subtropical regions. Because of its high drought resistance and tolerance to nutrient deficiency, cassava is usually cultivated on hilly areas that are nutrient-poor. Nitrogen(N) is one of the significant factors affecting cassava yield. A double factorial(N level×genotypes) split-plot field experiment was conducted to analyze differences in yield and N accumulation of 25 cassava genotypes under low-N conditions to screen for cassava genotypes with high-N efficiency. The two-year field experiment showed that cassava yield and N accumulation are determined by specific genotypes, soil N levels, and year. Among these factors, soil N levels are the main factors that are responsible for differences in cassava yield. When yield and relative N accumulation under low-N conditions were used as screening markers, we identified an efficient and responsive genotype(SC10), and two inefficient and non-responsive genotypes(SC205 and GR5). The efficient and responsive genotype and the inefficient and non-responsive genotype can be used as study materials to further reveal the mechanisms for high-N efficiency in cassava.
