Stock volatility constitutes an adverse psychological stressor,but few large-scale studies have focused on its impact on major adverse cardiovascular events(MACEs)and suicide.Here,we conducted an individual-level time...Stock volatility constitutes an adverse psychological stressor,but few large-scale studies have focused on its impact on major adverse cardiovascular events(MACEs)and suicide.Here,we conducted an individual-level time-stratified case-crossover study to explore the association of daily stock volatility(daily returns and intra-daily oscillations for three kinds of stock indices)with MACEs and suicide among more than 12 million individual decedents from all counties in the mainland of China between 2013 and 2019.For daily stock returns,both stock increases and decreases were associated with increased mortal-ity risks of all MACEs and suicide.There were consistent and positive associations between intra-daily stock oscillations and mortality due to MACEs and suicide.The excess mortality risks occurred at the cur-rent day(lag 0 d),persisted for two days,and were greatest for suicide and hemorrhagic stroke.Taking the present-day Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 Index as an example,a 1%decrease in daily returns was associated with 0.74%-1.04%and 1.77%increases in mortality risks of MACEs and suicide,respectively;the corresponding risk increments were 0.57%-0.85%and 0.92%for a 1%increase in daily returns and 0.67%-0.77%and 1.09%for a 1%increase in intra-daily stock oscillations.The excess risks were more pro-nounced among individuals aged 65-74 years,males,and those with lower education levels.Our findings revealed considerable health risks linked to sociopsychological stressors,which are helpful for the gov-ernment and general public to mitigate the immediate cardiovascular and mental health risks associated with stock market volatility.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the possibility of an association between polyethylene glycol(PEG) and acute renal failure(ARF) in elderly patients using a health insurance claims database.METHODS:We conducted a population-based case...AIM:To evaluate the possibility of an association between polyethylene glycol(PEG) and acute renal failure(ARF) in elderly patients using a health insurance claims database.METHODS:We conducted a population-based casecrossover study using information obtained from Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service(HIRA) claims from January 1,2005 to December 31,2005(Seoul,Korea).The study population consisted of elderly patients who received PEG prior to experiencing their first ARF-related hospitalization from April 1,2005 to December 31,2005.For each patient,one case and two control periods were matched.PEG use in a 2-or 4-wk window period prior to hospitalization for ARF was compared with PEG use in two earlier 2-or 4-wk control window periods.Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios(ORs) and 95% CI,adjusting for concomitant uses of diuretics,angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors,non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,antibiotics,anti-cancer drugs,and contrast media.RESULTS:Within the HIRA database which contained 1 093 262 elderly patients,1156 hospitalized ARF cases were identified.Among these cases,PEG was prescribed to 17(1.5%) patients before hospitalization.The adjusted ORs when applying the 2-and 4-wk window periods were 0.4(95% CI:0.03-5.24) and 2.1(95% CI:0.16-27.78),respectively.CONCLUSION:No increased risk of ARF was found in elderly PEG users.However,based on the limited number of study subjects,further analysis should be performed to confirm these results.展开更多
The associations between short-term exposure to PM_(2.5)constituents and diabetes remain inconsistent and understudied.We conducted a nationwide case-crossover study across 153 hospitals in Chinese mainland.Daily aver...The associations between short-term exposure to PM_(2.5)constituents and diabetes remain inconsistent and understudied.We conducted a nationwide case-crossover study across 153 hospitals in Chinese mainland.Daily average concentrations of five major PM_(2.5)constituents,including black carbon(BC),organic matter(OM),sulfate(SO_(4)^(2-)),nitrate(NO_(3)^(-)),and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)),were assessed by satellite-based models.We applied single-constituent analysis and inverse-probability-of-treatment weighting(IPTW)to assess each constituent's independent effect.In addition,we developed a weighted quantile sum(WQS)regression for paired data with multiple controls to examine the joint impacts of the constituents and quantify each one's contribution.The single-constituent analysis suggested that an interquartile range increase in each of the five constituents was significantly associated with elevated risk of T2DM hospitalization,the effects ranging from 1.49%-2.14%.After adjusting for other constituents using IPTW methods,only OM and SO_(4)^(2-)remained significant associations with T2DM.The WQS analysis further confirmed SO_(4)^(2-)and OM as the dominant contributors.Our findings highlight the importance of targeted air pollution control measures for T2DM prevention.展开更多
Background:Hepatitis E virus(HEV)causes substantial morbidity globally,with frequent outbreaks in low-resource settings due to fecal-oral transmission.Temperature and extreme heat may influence waterborne pathogens,bu...Background:Hepatitis E virus(HEV)causes substantial morbidity globally,with frequent outbreaks in low-resource settings due to fecal-oral transmission.Temperature and extreme heat may influence waterborne pathogens,but their impact on HEV risk is unclear.Methods:We performed a time-stratified case-crossover study using 42,481 laboratoryconfirmed hepatitis E cases reported in Jiangsu Province(2010-2023).Daily mean,maximum,and minimum temperatures were obtained from fixed-site monitoring data.We examined associations of short-term temperature(single-day and cumulative lags up to 21 days)and heat wave episodes with hepatitis E risk using conditional logistic regression.Heat waves were defined using percentile-based thresholds for consecutive days.Analyses were adjusted for relative humidity and time trends,and stratified by sex,age,residence,and occupation.Sensitivity analyses used alternative heat wave definitions and lag structures.-Results:Higher ambient temperature was associated with increases in hepatitis E risk.Each 1◦C rise in daily mean temperature(lag 0-1 days)was linked to a 0.6%higher odds of hepatitis E(OR 1.006,95%CI 1.002-1.010).Similar associations were observed for maximum and minimum temperatures(e.g.OR 1.005[1.002-1.009]per 1◦C at lag 0-1 for max temperature;OR 1.009[1.004-1.014]at lag 0-3 for min temperature).Heat waves defined by more extreme and prolonged thresholds showed stronger effects.For example,a three-day daytime heat wave above the 95th percentile(Day_HW95_3d)was associated with an 18%higher hepatitis E risk(OR 1.18,95%CI 1.08-1.29),and a four-day compound heat wave>90th percentile had an OR of 1.14(95%CI 1.04-1.24).Conclusions:Short-term exposure to higher ambient temperatures and heat wave events was associated with increased risk of hepatitis E in Jiangsu,China.These results suggest that climate warming and extreme heat may elevate transmission of HEV,underscoring the need for strengthened water and sanitation interventions and targeted public health planning during hot weather.展开更多
Falls represent a significant public health issue worldwide.Previous studies have demonstrated associations of temperature with fall risk,but the effect and burden of hourly relative humidity and fall morbidity have b...Falls represent a significant public health issue worldwide.Previous studies have demonstrated associations of temperature with fall risk,but the effect and burden of hourly relative humidity and fall morbidity have been rarely investigated.Fall data and meteorological data were collected from the National Injury Surveillance System during 2006−2021 in China.Associations between hourly relative humidity and fall onset were analyzed using conditional logistic regression combined with a distributed lag nonlinear model.Stratified analysis was used to identify potential association modifiers.Several sensitivity analyses were applied to examine the robustness of the results.The study involved 4197495 fall-related cases.Relative humidity exhibited monotonic relationships with the fall onset risk.The excess risk(ER)of falls appeared immediately at lag 0 h and persisted for 8 h.A 10%decrease in relative humidity was associated with a 1.35%(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.83−1.87%)increase in excess risk of falls and much higher risk for males(ER=1.89%,95%CI:1.29−2.48%)than that for females(ER=0.52%,95%CI:0.14−0.90%).The excess risk of fall injury was the highest among individuals aged 5−14 years(ER=3.45%,95%CI:2.57−4.32%)compared to other age groups.Moreover,compared to the highest relative humidity,the attributable fraction(AF)due to low relative humidity exposure was 4.94%(95%CI:4.88−4.98%).Subgroup analyses revealed that males,individuals aged 5−14 years,students,cases occurring in public places,and cases engaged in sports activities were more susceptible to relative humidity than their correspondents.Regional disparities were observed,with individuals in southern China or warm regions showing greater sensitivity to changes in relative humidity.Results of this study suggest that hourly low relative humidity exposure is associated with an increased risk of fall onset.These findings underscore the necessity of time-specific interventions to mitigate the relative humidity risk.展开更多
Few studies have explored the acute effects of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))constituents on respiratory diseases(RDs),particularly across a broad spectrum of RD subtypes.We analyzed the associations between PM_(2....Few studies have explored the acute effects of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))constituents on respiratory diseases(RDs),particularly across a broad spectrum of RD subtypes.We analyzed the associations between PM_(2.5) and its five major constituents[organic matter(OM),black carbon(BC),sulfate(SO_(4)^(2−)),nitrate(NO_(3)^(−)),and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))]and RDs(10 major categories and 35 specific)based on the hospitalization records from 153 hospitals in 20 provincial distractions from 2013 to 2020.We found that short-term exposure(lag 0−1)to PM_(2.5) constituents per interquartile range increase was associated with higher hospitalization risks for acute upper respiratory infections,influenza and pneumonia,other acute lower respiratory infections,chronic lower respiratory diseases,other diseases of the pleura,and other diseases of the respiratory system;the effect estimates were 2.45−2.99%,2.02−2.71%,2.98−3.62%,3.06−3.65%,3.22−4.52%,and 2.23−3.66%,respectively.Among 35 specific RDs,12 were significantly affected by PM_(2.5) and its constituents.Individuals aged>60 years were sensitive to PM_(2.5) constituent exposure.Our individual-level nationwide study provided a more comprehensive perspective on the associations between PM_(2.5) constituents and various major and specific RDs,highlighting the necessity of prioritizing targeted control strategies for key constituents to effectively mitigate the burden of RDs in China.展开更多
Few multicity studies have examined the acute effects of nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))on respiratory disease(RD),especially its specific causes.This study aimed to investigate the associations between short-term exposure t...Few multicity studies have examined the acute effects of nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))on respiratory disease(RD),especially its specific causes.This study aimed to investigate the associations between short-term exposure to NO_(2)and hospitalization of full-spectrum RDs in China.Hospitalization of 10 major categories and 40 cause-specific RDs were obtained from 20 provinces over the study period of 2013−2020.A time-stratified case-crossover study was conducted at the individual level to explore the associations between NO_(2)and RDs.NO_(2)was significantly associated with increased hospitalization of eight major RDs(acute upper respiratory infections,influenza and pneumonia,acute lower respiratory infections,upper respiratory tract diseases,chronic lower respiratory diseases,respiratory interstitium diseases,pleura diseases,and other respiratory diseases)and 18 specific causes of RDs,with the largest associations observed on lag 0−1 day.The effect estimates ranged from 0.75 to 4.09%per 10μg/m^(3)of NO_(2)exposure.The associations remained robust after controlling for copollutants.The concentration−response curves were mostly positive and linear.This nationwide study provides comprehensive information on the acute effects of NO_(2)on respiratory morbidity across the full spectrum,highlighting the need for caution with regard to this important traffic-related air pollutant in current pollution control programs.展开更多
Few national studies have systemically examined the effects of criteria air pollutants on cardiovascular morbidity.This study aimed to investigate the associations between all criteria air pollutants and hospitalizati...Few national studies have systemically examined the effects of criteria air pollutants on cardiovascular morbidity.This study aimed to investigate the associations between all criteria air pollutants and hospitalization of causespecific cardiovascular diseases(CVD)in China.We obtained data on CVD hospitalization events of four major categories and 12 specific diseases from 153 hospitals distributed in 20 provincial-level regions from 2013 to 2020.We adopted a time-stratified case-crossover study design using individual cases to capture the effect of short-term exposure to six criteria air pollutants on CVD hospitalizations,using conditional logistic regression models.More than 1.1 million CVD hospitalization events were included.The lag pattern exploration demonstrated the largest effect for six air pollutants on lag 0–1 day.PM_(2.5),PM_(10),NO_(2),and CO were significantly associated with increased hospitalization from ischemic heart diseases,cerebrovascular diseases,other heart diseases,and five specific causes of CVD.The effect estimates of NO_(2)were the most robust when adjusting for copollutants.The concentration-response curves were positive and linear for most pollutant–endpoint pairs(except for O_(3)),and these positive associations remained even below the 24-h levels recommended by WHO Air Quality Guidelines and China Air Quality Standards.This nationwide case-crossover study in China demonstrated that short-term exposure to multiple ambient air pollutants may significantly increase the risk of cause-specific CVD hospitalizations even under the most stringent air quality regulations,striking an alert for potential CVD patients against these environmental risk factors.展开更多
Dear Editor,Psoriasis,a chronic inflammatory cutaneous condition,is characterized by the development of red plaques with silvery scales,significantly affecting patients'quality of life and mental health[1].This co...Dear Editor,Psoriasis,a chronic inflammatory cutaneous condition,is characterized by the development of red plaques with silvery scales,significantly affecting patients'quality of life and mental health[1].This condition is thought to affect approximately 2%of the Western population,with diagnosis peaking in early adulthood[2].Vitamin D,a fat-soluble vitamin,is essential for phospho-calcium metabolism,calcium homeostasis,and bone health.展开更多
Objective Observational studies have found associations between inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)and the risk of dementia,including Alzheimer’s dementia(AD)and vascular dementia(VD);however,these findings are inconsist...Objective Observational studies have found associations between inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)and the risk of dementia,including Alzheimer’s dementia(AD)and vascular dementia(VD);however,these findings are inconsistent.It remains unclear whether these associations are causal.Methods We conducted a meta-analysis by systematically searching for observational studies on the association between IBD and dementia.Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis based on summary genome-wide association studies(GWASs)was performed.Genetic correlation and Bayesian colocalization analyses were used to provide robust genetic evidence.Results Ten observational studies involving 80,565,688 participants were included in this metaanalysis.IBD was significantly associated with dementia(risk ratio[RR]=1.36,95%CI=1.04-1.78;I2=84.8%)and VD(RR=2.60,95%CI=1.18-5.70;only one study),but not with AD(RR=2.00,95%CI=0.96-4.13;I^(2)=99.8%).MR analyses did not supported significant causal associations of IBD with dementia(dementia:odds ratio[OR]=1.01,95%CI=0.98-1.03;AD:OR=0.98,95%CI=0.95-1.01;VD:OR=1.02,95%CI=0.97-1.07).In addition,genetic correlation and co-localization analyses did not reveal any genetic associations between IBD and dementia.Conclusion Our study did not provide genetic evidence for a causal association between IBD and dementia risk.The increased risk of dementia observed in observational studies may be attributed to unobserved confounding factors or detection bias.展开更多
This paper proposes an interdisciplinary talent training model that combines foreign language education with area studies.The model aims to cultivate international ocean affairs professionals with cross-cultural commu...This paper proposes an interdisciplinary talent training model that combines foreign language education with area studies.The model aims to cultivate international ocean affairs professionals with cross-cultural communication skills,in-depth regional and country knowledge,and practical expertise in ocean affairs.Additionally,the paper presents specific training pathways and policy recommendations for implementing this model.展开更多
In modern society,the globalization of literary works is evident,with exceptional literary pieces from various countries spreading worldwide.Among these,children’s literature,due to the specificity of its target audi...In modern society,the globalization of literary works is evident,with exceptional literary pieces from various countries spreading worldwide.Among these,children’s literature,due to the specificity of its target audience,imposes distinct requirements on children’s books,compelling translators to approach the text from a child’s perspective.“The Little Prince”has renowned both within and outside of China,and a careful reading of this work can provide us with much inspiration.To this end,the present study adopts the perspective of Gideon Toury’s Descriptive Translation Studies to conduct an in-depth analysis of the different English and Chinese translations in conjunction with the original French novel.This approach aims to better guide literary research and explores translation methods for children’s literature through the analysis of translation norms and rules.展开更多
Incident chronic kidney disease(CKD)may be accelerated(could be indicated by repeated admissions to the hospital)by environmental triggers such as ambient particulate matter(PM).Additionally,hospital admission is a se...Incident chronic kidney disease(CKD)may be accelerated(could be indicated by repeated admissions to the hospital)by environmental triggers such as ambient particulate matter(PM).Additionally,hospital admission is a sensitive proxy reflecting the disease burden.However,the association of PM exposure with hospital admissions for CKD is still unknown,let alone the excess risks(ERs)in hospital admissions for CKD due to high PM level exposure.In this study,a two-stage time-stratified case-crossover study was conducted to investigate the association of ambient air PM exposure with hospital admission for CKD in 282 Chinese cities of prefecture-level or above during 2013–2017.City-specific associations of single and cumulative 0–3 days lagged exposure to fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))and inhalable particles(PM_(10))with hospital admissions for total CKD and its subtypes were evaluated by the conditional logistic regression model,then were pooled using the random-effect model.A total of 3,490,416 hospital admissions for CKD were identified.We found that per interquartile range(IQR)increment in PM_(2.5) at lag02 and per IQR increment in PM_(10) at lag03 were associated with increases of 2.36%(95%CI:1.58%,3.14%)and 2.87%(95%CI:1.91%,3.85%)in hospital admissions for total CKD,respectively.Compared to control concentrations(PM_(2.5):35μg/m^(3);PM_(10):50μg/m^(3)),the largest ERs in hospital admissions for total CKD were 2.63%(95%CI:2.15%–3.11%)and 4.45%(95%CI:3.85%–5.06%)in association with exposure to heavily excessive PM_(2.5)(≥75μg/m^(3))and PM_(10)(≥150μg/m^(3)),respectively.Moreover,the attributable fractions(AFs)for CKD admissions were 2.83%for PM_(2.5) and 3.46%for PM_(10) during the study period.These findings suggested that exposure to PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) is associated with substantially increased risk and burden of CKD admissions.展开更多
Objective:The incidence and mortality of colorectal carcinoma(CRC)continue to rise globally,highlighting the need to identify modifiable risk factors for early detection and prevention.Previous studies have demonstrat...Objective:The incidence and mortality of colorectal carcinoma(CRC)continue to rise globally,highlighting the need to identify modifiable risk factors for early detection and prevention.Previous studies have demonstrated significant associations between CRC risk and various serum metabolites as well as inflammatory cytokines;however,due to limitations in study design and potential confounding factors,the causal relationships remain unclear.This study aims to investigate the causal relationships between inflammatory cytokines,serum metabolites,and CRC risk,providing a theoretical basis for the development of novel early diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.Methods:A two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)design was applied using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies(GWAS).Instrumental variables(IVs)were derived from:1)metabolomics GWAS data of 1400 serum metabolites(n=8299);2)cytokine GWAS data of 91 inflammatory factors(n=14824);and 3)CRC risk data from the FinnGen consortium(6847 cases and 314193 controls).The primary analysis was conducted using the inverse-variance weighted(IVW)method,with sensitivity analyses performed using MR Egger regression and the weighted median method.Effect estimates including odds ratios(OR),95%confidence intervals(CI),and false discovery rates(FDR)were calculated.Results:MR analysis indicated that higher levels of axin-1(AXIN1)(OR=0.84195%CI 0.714 to 0.991)and Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand(Flt3L)(OR=0.916,95%CI 0.844 to 0.994)were associated with a reduced risk of CRC.In contrast,higher levels of Delta/Notchlike epidermal growth factor-related receptor(DNER)(OR=1.119,95%CI 1.009 to 1.241)and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGF-A)(OR=1.078,95%CI 1.011 to 1.150)were associated with an increased risk of CRC(all P<0.05).Metabolomics association analysis further identified 144 serum metabolites significantly correlated with these four key inflammatory cytokines(FDR<0.05),suggesting that they may regulate CRC risk through inflammatory pathways.Conclusion:Specific inflammatory cytokines and serum metabolites have causal relationships with the risk of CRC.These findings provide insights for further exploration of potential risk factors and the development of effective prevention strategies for CRC.展开更多
In molybdenum chemistry,the oxidative addition of o-quinone or 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds to molybdenum has been widely used in Mo-catalyzed C—C bond construction.The carbonyl oxidative addition to Mo(0)or Mo(Ⅱ)is the...In molybdenum chemistry,the oxidative addition of o-quinone or 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds to molybdenum has been widely used in Mo-catalyzed C—C bond construction.The carbonyl oxidative addition to Mo(0)or Mo(Ⅱ)is the critical elementary reaction of molybdenum catalysis.However,the relevant density functional theory(DFT)studies are relatively scarce,especially regarding the rational selection of functionals.In this work,14 functionals were employed to investigate the Mo-catalyzed carbonyl oxidative addition step.A benchmark study was carried out to evaluate their performance in structure optimization and energy calculation.Analyses of mean absolute error(MAE)and mean squared error(MSE)indicated that the B3LYP-D3(BJ),TPSSh,and ωB97X-D functionals exhibited superior performance in structure optimization.Using the DLPNO-CCSD(T)functional as the reference,the M06,M06-L,and MN15-L functionals exhibited good performance for energy calculation based on the structures optimized using the B3LYP-D3(BJ)functional.In particular,MN15-L provided the best performance with the smallest MAE and MSE.展开更多
Objective:To identify the root causes of typical adverse drug events through the lens of patient experiences proposing novel strategies to mitigate preventable harm.Methods:A qualitative case study leveraging in-depth...Objective:To identify the root causes of typical adverse drug events through the lens of patient experiences proposing novel strategies to mitigate preventable harm.Methods:A qualitative case study leveraging in-depth interviews with patients and families,anchored by Interactive Patient Par ticipation Theory,to analyze 4 high-severity adverse drug events(ADE)cases.Cases were purposively sampled from 8 communities in China's National Adverse Event Monitor Center(2018-2023).Semi-structured interviews explored patient perspectives,with data analyzed via thematic coding and triangulation against clinical records.Results:Five interconnected themes emerged:(1)erosion of trust,(2)communication breakdowns,(3)information asymmetry,(4)environmental inadequacies,and(5)technological alienation.Notably,75% of participants had≤high school education,and 50% used≥7 medications daily,compounding ADE risks.Conclusions:We considered elements mentioned by theory,exploring trust,communication,information,and suppor t as the root causes.In addition,we added“adaptability to new technology”as an impor tant and necessary component.It is impor tant and necessary to analyze typical adverse drug events from the perspectives of patients.展开更多
China ranked first worldwide in the production and export of electric bicycles.As an emerging market for electric bicycles,Malaysia holds significant potential for trade collabor ation with China in this sector.This s...China ranked first worldwide in the production and export of electric bicycles.As an emerging market for electric bicycles,Malaysia holds significant potential for trade collabor ation with China in this sector.This study presents a compar ative analysis of the national electric bicycle standards in China and Malaysia,offering technical insights from a standardization perspective.These insights aim to support Chinese enterprises in strategically positioning their technologies in the Malaysian market.The findings reveal significant differences in technical parameters,safety requirements,and testing methods,highlighting the need for tailored product adapt ation.展开更多
This paper investigates the teaching reform of the Program Comprehension and Analysis course in the context of industry-education integration and AI empowerment.To align with the evolving needs of the software industr...This paper investigates the teaching reform of the Program Comprehension and Analysis course in the context of industry-education integration and AI empowerment.To align with the evolving needs of the software industry,the course content has been updated to incorporate AI techniques such as large language models and deep learning.The reform enriches educational resources and introduces innovative instructional approaches.In addition,high-quality practical teaching cases have been developed,and immersive,hands-on learning experiences have been designed based on industrial platforms and real-world applications.These initiatives aim to enhance the practical skills and innovative thinking of professional degree graduate students,fostering high-caliber talent that aligns with industry demands.A survey of 90 graduate students revealed high levels of satisfaction regarding course content,teaching methodology,and skill development.The reform has proven effective in cultivating interdisciplinary professionals with solid foundations in software engineering and AI-driven innovation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal endoscopy technology has significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy and the successful treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.However,a series of ethical issues have emerged,such as exp...BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal endoscopy technology has significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy and the successful treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.However,a series of ethical issues have emerged,such as expanding treatment indications,which affect the fair distribution of medical resources.There is limited research on ethical issues in the field of digestive endoscopy.AIM To investigate the level of ethical awareness among gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners and analyze the ethical issues involved in gastrointestinal endoscopy technology.METHODS A questionnaire survey was performed to collect relevant data(gender,age,degree of education,professional title,personnel category,the level of understanding medical ethical principles,ethics training and its learning pathways)from gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners at the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University and Dalian Friendship Hospital,including licensed physicians and nurses(including trainees and graduate students).RESULTS The majority of gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners have received training on ethics,but there is still considerable room for improvement in their ethical awareness.Different learning pathways may affect the mastery of ethical principles, and understanding of ethical principles is more easily achieved through hospital ethics institutions.CONCLUSIONTo address the ethical issues in gastrointestinal endoscopy technology, it is necessary to enhance the humanisticeducation of gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners, incorporate ethical standards into the technology assessmentprocess, and establish a patient-centered diagnostic and treatment model to improve the ethical awareness of practitionersand achieve a balance between technology and ethics.展开更多
Escalating global energy demands and climate urgency necessitate advanced electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies(EECSTs)like electrocatalysis and rechargeable batteries.Improving their performance ...Escalating global energy demands and climate urgency necessitate advanced electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies(EECSTs)like electrocatalysis and rechargeable batteries.Improving their performance relies on elucidating reaction mechanisms and structure-performance relationships via in situ studies.This review summarizes recent in situ studies of EECSTs through a variety of advanced characterization techniques aiming at mapping reaction pathways for the rational design of overall high-performance reaction systems.We outline the principles,capabilities,advantages,and limitations of various in situ techniques.Their applications in in situ studies of fuel cells,water/CO_(2)electrolysis,and lithium batteries are highlighted with representative examples.These studies enable dynamic tracking of chemical and structural evolution of overall reaction systems,including materials,intermediates,products,and surroundings during operation,providing insights critical to rational system design.Future advancements will involve integrating multimodal in situ/operando approaches with artificial intelligence to enable real-time monitoring at practical scales.Such integration promises precise mechanistic insights and robust structure-performance correlations,ultimately accelerating the development of high-performance EECSTs aligned with sustainability and market requirements.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFC3702701)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission(21TQ015)the Shanghai International Science and Technology Partnership Project,China(21230780200).
文摘Stock volatility constitutes an adverse psychological stressor,but few large-scale studies have focused on its impact on major adverse cardiovascular events(MACEs)and suicide.Here,we conducted an individual-level time-stratified case-crossover study to explore the association of daily stock volatility(daily returns and intra-daily oscillations for three kinds of stock indices)with MACEs and suicide among more than 12 million individual decedents from all counties in the mainland of China between 2013 and 2019.For daily stock returns,both stock increases and decreases were associated with increased mortal-ity risks of all MACEs and suicide.There were consistent and positive associations between intra-daily stock oscillations and mortality due to MACEs and suicide.The excess mortality risks occurred at the cur-rent day(lag 0 d),persisted for two days,and were greatest for suicide and hemorrhagic stroke.Taking the present-day Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 Index as an example,a 1%decrease in daily returns was associated with 0.74%-1.04%and 1.77%increases in mortality risks of MACEs and suicide,respectively;the corresponding risk increments were 0.57%-0.85%and 0.92%for a 1%increase in daily returns and 0.67%-0.77%and 1.09%for a 1%increase in intra-daily stock oscillations.The excess risks were more pro-nounced among individuals aged 65-74 years,males,and those with lower education levels.Our findings revealed considerable health risks linked to sociopsychological stressors,which are helpful for the gov-ernment and general public to mitigate the immediate cardiovascular and mental health risks associated with stock market volatility.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the possibility of an association between polyethylene glycol(PEG) and acute renal failure(ARF) in elderly patients using a health insurance claims database.METHODS:We conducted a population-based casecrossover study using information obtained from Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service(HIRA) claims from January 1,2005 to December 31,2005(Seoul,Korea).The study population consisted of elderly patients who received PEG prior to experiencing their first ARF-related hospitalization from April 1,2005 to December 31,2005.For each patient,one case and two control periods were matched.PEG use in a 2-or 4-wk window period prior to hospitalization for ARF was compared with PEG use in two earlier 2-or 4-wk control window periods.Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios(ORs) and 95% CI,adjusting for concomitant uses of diuretics,angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors,non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,antibiotics,anti-cancer drugs,and contrast media.RESULTS:Within the HIRA database which contained 1 093 262 elderly patients,1156 hospitalized ARF cases were identified.Among these cases,PEG was prescribed to 17(1.5%) patients before hospitalization.The adjusted ORs when applying the 2-and 4-wk window periods were 0.4(95% CI:0.03-5.24) and 2.1(95% CI:0.16-27.78),respectively.CONCLUSION:No increased risk of ARF was found in elderly PEG users.However,based on the limited number of study subjects,further analysis should be performed to confirm these results.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82422065)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2704604)the Shanghai B&R Joint Laboratory Project(22230750300)。
文摘The associations between short-term exposure to PM_(2.5)constituents and diabetes remain inconsistent and understudied.We conducted a nationwide case-crossover study across 153 hospitals in Chinese mainland.Daily average concentrations of five major PM_(2.5)constituents,including black carbon(BC),organic matter(OM),sulfate(SO_(4)^(2-)),nitrate(NO_(3)^(-)),and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)),were assessed by satellite-based models.We applied single-constituent analysis and inverse-probability-of-treatment weighting(IPTW)to assess each constituent's independent effect.In addition,we developed a weighted quantile sum(WQS)regression for paired data with multiple controls to examine the joint impacts of the constituents and quantify each one's contribution.The single-constituent analysis suggested that an interquartile range increase in each of the five constituents was significantly associated with elevated risk of T2DM hospitalization,the effects ranging from 1.49%-2.14%.After adjusting for other constituents using IPTW methods,only OM and SO_(4)^(2-)remained significant associations with T2DM.The WQS analysis further confirmed SO_(4)^(2-)and OM as the dominant contributors.Our findings highlight the importance of targeted air pollution control measures for T2DM prevention.
基金supported by the Public Health Professional Training Supporting Project(No.01063)Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program.
文摘Background:Hepatitis E virus(HEV)causes substantial morbidity globally,with frequent outbreaks in low-resource settings due to fecal-oral transmission.Temperature and extreme heat may influence waterborne pathogens,but their impact on HEV risk is unclear.Methods:We performed a time-stratified case-crossover study using 42,481 laboratoryconfirmed hepatitis E cases reported in Jiangsu Province(2010-2023).Daily mean,maximum,and minimum temperatures were obtained from fixed-site monitoring data.We examined associations of short-term temperature(single-day and cumulative lags up to 21 days)and heat wave episodes with hepatitis E risk using conditional logistic regression.Heat waves were defined using percentile-based thresholds for consecutive days.Analyses were adjusted for relative humidity and time trends,and stratified by sex,age,residence,and occupation.Sensitivity analyses used alternative heat wave definitions and lag structures.-Results:Higher ambient temperature was associated with increases in hepatitis E risk.Each 1◦C rise in daily mean temperature(lag 0-1 days)was linked to a 0.6%higher odds of hepatitis E(OR 1.006,95%CI 1.002-1.010).Similar associations were observed for maximum and minimum temperatures(e.g.OR 1.005[1.002-1.009]per 1◦C at lag 0-1 for max temperature;OR 1.009[1.004-1.014]at lag 0-3 for min temperature).Heat waves defined by more extreme and prolonged thresholds showed stronger effects.For example,a three-day daytime heat wave above the 95th percentile(Day_HW95_3d)was associated with an 18%higher hepatitis E risk(OR 1.18,95%CI 1.08-1.29),and a four-day compound heat wave>90th percentile had an OR of 1.14(95%CI 1.04-1.24).Conclusions:Short-term exposure to higher ambient temperatures and heat wave events was associated with increased risk of hepatitis E in Jiangsu,China.These results suggest that climate warming and extreme heat may elevate transmission of HEV,underscoring the need for strengthened water and sanitation interventions and targeted public health planning during hot weather.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42075173,W.M.,42275187,W.M.)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2022QNRC001,G.H.).
文摘Falls represent a significant public health issue worldwide.Previous studies have demonstrated associations of temperature with fall risk,but the effect and burden of hourly relative humidity and fall morbidity have been rarely investigated.Fall data and meteorological data were collected from the National Injury Surveillance System during 2006−2021 in China.Associations between hourly relative humidity and fall onset were analyzed using conditional logistic regression combined with a distributed lag nonlinear model.Stratified analysis was used to identify potential association modifiers.Several sensitivity analyses were applied to examine the robustness of the results.The study involved 4197495 fall-related cases.Relative humidity exhibited monotonic relationships with the fall onset risk.The excess risk(ER)of falls appeared immediately at lag 0 h and persisted for 8 h.A 10%decrease in relative humidity was associated with a 1.35%(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.83−1.87%)increase in excess risk of falls and much higher risk for males(ER=1.89%,95%CI:1.29−2.48%)than that for females(ER=0.52%,95%CI:0.14−0.90%).The excess risk of fall injury was the highest among individuals aged 5−14 years(ER=3.45%,95%CI:2.57−4.32%)compared to other age groups.Moreover,compared to the highest relative humidity,the attributable fraction(AF)due to low relative humidity exposure was 4.94%(95%CI:4.88−4.98%).Subgroup analyses revealed that males,individuals aged 5−14 years,students,cases occurring in public places,and cases engaged in sports activities were more susceptible to relative humidity than their correspondents.Regional disparities were observed,with individuals in southern China or warm regions showing greater sensitivity to changes in relative humidity.Results of this study suggest that hourly low relative humidity exposure is associated with an increased risk of fall onset.These findings underscore the necessity of time-specific interventions to mitigate the relative humidity risk.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82422065)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2704604)+1 种基金the Shanghai 3-year Public Health Action Plan(GWVI-11.2-YQ32,GWVI-11.1-39,GWVI-11.2-YQ31)the Shanghai B&R Joint Laboratory Project(22230750300).
文摘Few studies have explored the acute effects of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))constituents on respiratory diseases(RDs),particularly across a broad spectrum of RD subtypes.We analyzed the associations between PM_(2.5) and its five major constituents[organic matter(OM),black carbon(BC),sulfate(SO_(4)^(2−)),nitrate(NO_(3)^(−)),and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))]and RDs(10 major categories and 35 specific)based on the hospitalization records from 153 hospitals in 20 provincial distractions from 2013 to 2020.We found that short-term exposure(lag 0−1)to PM_(2.5) constituents per interquartile range increase was associated with higher hospitalization risks for acute upper respiratory infections,influenza and pneumonia,other acute lower respiratory infections,chronic lower respiratory diseases,other diseases of the pleura,and other diseases of the respiratory system;the effect estimates were 2.45−2.99%,2.02−2.71%,2.98−3.62%,3.06−3.65%,3.22−4.52%,and 2.23−3.66%,respectively.Among 35 specific RDs,12 were significantly affected by PM_(2.5) and its constituents.Individuals aged>60 years were sensitive to PM_(2.5) constituent exposure.Our individual-level nationwide study provided a more comprehensive perspective on the associations between PM_(2.5) constituents and various major and specific RDs,highlighting the necessity of prioritizing targeted control strategies for key constituents to effectively mitigate the burden of RDs in China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92043301,82103790)the Shanghai International Science and Technology Partnership Project(Grant No.21230780200).
文摘Few multicity studies have examined the acute effects of nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))on respiratory disease(RD),especially its specific causes.This study aimed to investigate the associations between short-term exposure to NO_(2)and hospitalization of full-spectrum RDs in China.Hospitalization of 10 major categories and 40 cause-specific RDs were obtained from 20 provinces over the study period of 2013−2020.A time-stratified case-crossover study was conducted at the individual level to explore the associations between NO_(2)and RDs.NO_(2)was significantly associated with increased hospitalization of eight major RDs(acute upper respiratory infections,influenza and pneumonia,acute lower respiratory infections,upper respiratory tract diseases,chronic lower respiratory diseases,respiratory interstitium diseases,pleura diseases,and other respiratory diseases)and 18 specific causes of RDs,with the largest associations observed on lag 0−1 day.The effect estimates ranged from 0.75 to 4.09%per 10μg/m^(3)of NO_(2)exposure.The associations remained robust after controlling for copollutants.The concentration−response curves were mostly positive and linear.This nationwide study provides comprehensive information on the acute effects of NO_(2)on respiratory morbidity across the full spectrum,highlighting the need for caution with regard to this important traffic-related air pollutant in current pollution control programs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 92043301 and 91843302)the Shanghai International Science and Technology Partnership Project(grant number 21230780200).
文摘Few national studies have systemically examined the effects of criteria air pollutants on cardiovascular morbidity.This study aimed to investigate the associations between all criteria air pollutants and hospitalization of causespecific cardiovascular diseases(CVD)in China.We obtained data on CVD hospitalization events of four major categories and 12 specific diseases from 153 hospitals distributed in 20 provincial-level regions from 2013 to 2020.We adopted a time-stratified case-crossover study design using individual cases to capture the effect of short-term exposure to six criteria air pollutants on CVD hospitalizations,using conditional logistic regression models.More than 1.1 million CVD hospitalization events were included.The lag pattern exploration demonstrated the largest effect for six air pollutants on lag 0–1 day.PM_(2.5),PM_(10),NO_(2),and CO were significantly associated with increased hospitalization from ischemic heart diseases,cerebrovascular diseases,other heart diseases,and five specific causes of CVD.The effect estimates of NO_(2)were the most robust when adjusting for copollutants.The concentration-response curves were positive and linear for most pollutant–endpoint pairs(except for O_(3)),and these positive associations remained even below the 24-h levels recommended by WHO Air Quality Guidelines and China Air Quality Standards.This nationwide case-crossover study in China demonstrated that short-term exposure to multiple ambient air pollutants may significantly increase the risk of cause-specific CVD hospitalizations even under the most stringent air quality regulations,striking an alert for potential CVD patients against these environmental risk factors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82573974 and 82373475)to Z.Y.
文摘Dear Editor,Psoriasis,a chronic inflammatory cutaneous condition,is characterized by the development of red plaques with silvery scales,significantly affecting patients'quality of life and mental health[1].This condition is thought to affect approximately 2%of the Western population,with diagnosis peaking in early adulthood[2].Vitamin D,a fat-soluble vitamin,is essential for phospho-calcium metabolism,calcium homeostasis,and bone health.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2021M703366)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.KQTD20190929172835662).
文摘Objective Observational studies have found associations between inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)and the risk of dementia,including Alzheimer’s dementia(AD)and vascular dementia(VD);however,these findings are inconsistent.It remains unclear whether these associations are causal.Methods We conducted a meta-analysis by systematically searching for observational studies on the association between IBD and dementia.Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis based on summary genome-wide association studies(GWASs)was performed.Genetic correlation and Bayesian colocalization analyses were used to provide robust genetic evidence.Results Ten observational studies involving 80,565,688 participants were included in this metaanalysis.IBD was significantly associated with dementia(risk ratio[RR]=1.36,95%CI=1.04-1.78;I2=84.8%)and VD(RR=2.60,95%CI=1.18-5.70;only one study),but not with AD(RR=2.00,95%CI=0.96-4.13;I^(2)=99.8%).MR analyses did not supported significant causal associations of IBD with dementia(dementia:odds ratio[OR]=1.01,95%CI=0.98-1.03;AD:OR=0.98,95%CI=0.95-1.01;VD:OR=1.02,95%CI=0.97-1.07).In addition,genetic correlation and co-localization analyses did not reveal any genetic associations between IBD and dementia.Conclusion Our study did not provide genetic evidence for a causal association between IBD and dementia risk.The increased risk of dementia observed in observational studies may be attributed to unobserved confounding factors or detection bias.
基金supported by“Dalian Maritime University Teaching Reform Research Fund 2022 Annual Project”(Fund No.XJG2022-96).
文摘This paper proposes an interdisciplinary talent training model that combines foreign language education with area studies.The model aims to cultivate international ocean affairs professionals with cross-cultural communication skills,in-depth regional and country knowledge,and practical expertise in ocean affairs.Additionally,the paper presents specific training pathways and policy recommendations for implementing this model.
文摘In modern society,the globalization of literary works is evident,with exceptional literary pieces from various countries spreading worldwide.Among these,children’s literature,due to the specificity of its target audience,imposes distinct requirements on children’s books,compelling translators to approach the text from a child’s perspective.“The Little Prince”has renowned both within and outside of China,and a careful reading of this work can provide us with much inspiration.To this end,the present study adopts the perspective of Gideon Toury’s Descriptive Translation Studies to conduct an in-depth analysis of the different English and Chinese translations in conjunction with the original French novel.This approach aims to better guide literary research and explores translation methods for children’s literature through the analysis of translation norms and rules.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant number:2022YFC3702604 and 2022YFC3702704)Youth Top Talent Program of Xi’an Jiaotong University.
文摘Incident chronic kidney disease(CKD)may be accelerated(could be indicated by repeated admissions to the hospital)by environmental triggers such as ambient particulate matter(PM).Additionally,hospital admission is a sensitive proxy reflecting the disease burden.However,the association of PM exposure with hospital admissions for CKD is still unknown,let alone the excess risks(ERs)in hospital admissions for CKD due to high PM level exposure.In this study,a two-stage time-stratified case-crossover study was conducted to investigate the association of ambient air PM exposure with hospital admission for CKD in 282 Chinese cities of prefecture-level or above during 2013–2017.City-specific associations of single and cumulative 0–3 days lagged exposure to fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))and inhalable particles(PM_(10))with hospital admissions for total CKD and its subtypes were evaluated by the conditional logistic regression model,then were pooled using the random-effect model.A total of 3,490,416 hospital admissions for CKD were identified.We found that per interquartile range(IQR)increment in PM_(2.5) at lag02 and per IQR increment in PM_(10) at lag03 were associated with increases of 2.36%(95%CI:1.58%,3.14%)and 2.87%(95%CI:1.91%,3.85%)in hospital admissions for total CKD,respectively.Compared to control concentrations(PM_(2.5):35μg/m^(3);PM_(10):50μg/m^(3)),the largest ERs in hospital admissions for total CKD were 2.63%(95%CI:2.15%–3.11%)and 4.45%(95%CI:3.85%–5.06%)in association with exposure to heavily excessive PM_(2.5)(≥75μg/m^(3))and PM_(10)(≥150μg/m^(3)),respectively.Moreover,the attributable fractions(AFs)for CKD admissions were 2.83%for PM_(2.5) and 3.46%for PM_(10) during the study period.These findings suggested that exposure to PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) is associated with substantially increased risk and burden of CKD admissions.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2022JJ30987)the Key Research and Development Project of Hunan Province (2024JK2107),China。
文摘Objective:The incidence and mortality of colorectal carcinoma(CRC)continue to rise globally,highlighting the need to identify modifiable risk factors for early detection and prevention.Previous studies have demonstrated significant associations between CRC risk and various serum metabolites as well as inflammatory cytokines;however,due to limitations in study design and potential confounding factors,the causal relationships remain unclear.This study aims to investigate the causal relationships between inflammatory cytokines,serum metabolites,and CRC risk,providing a theoretical basis for the development of novel early diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.Methods:A two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)design was applied using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies(GWAS).Instrumental variables(IVs)were derived from:1)metabolomics GWAS data of 1400 serum metabolites(n=8299);2)cytokine GWAS data of 91 inflammatory factors(n=14824);and 3)CRC risk data from the FinnGen consortium(6847 cases and 314193 controls).The primary analysis was conducted using the inverse-variance weighted(IVW)method,with sensitivity analyses performed using MR Egger regression and the weighted median method.Effect estimates including odds ratios(OR),95%confidence intervals(CI),and false discovery rates(FDR)were calculated.Results:MR analysis indicated that higher levels of axin-1(AXIN1)(OR=0.84195%CI 0.714 to 0.991)and Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand(Flt3L)(OR=0.916,95%CI 0.844 to 0.994)were associated with a reduced risk of CRC.In contrast,higher levels of Delta/Notchlike epidermal growth factor-related receptor(DNER)(OR=1.119,95%CI 1.009 to 1.241)and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGF-A)(OR=1.078,95%CI 1.011 to 1.150)were associated with an increased risk of CRC(all P<0.05).Metabolomics association analysis further identified 144 serum metabolites significantly correlated with these four key inflammatory cytokines(FDR<0.05),suggesting that they may regulate CRC risk through inflammatory pathways.Conclusion:Specific inflammatory cytokines and serum metabolites have causal relationships with the risk of CRC.These findings provide insights for further exploration of potential risk factors and the development of effective prevention strategies for CRC.
基金Project supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2042025kf0052)。
文摘In molybdenum chemistry,the oxidative addition of o-quinone or 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds to molybdenum has been widely used in Mo-catalyzed C—C bond construction.The carbonyl oxidative addition to Mo(0)or Mo(Ⅱ)is the critical elementary reaction of molybdenum catalysis.However,the relevant density functional theory(DFT)studies are relatively scarce,especially regarding the rational selection of functionals.In this work,14 functionals were employed to investigate the Mo-catalyzed carbonyl oxidative addition step.A benchmark study was carried out to evaluate their performance in structure optimization and energy calculation.Analyses of mean absolute error(MAE)and mean squared error(MSE)indicated that the B3LYP-D3(BJ),TPSSh,and ωB97X-D functionals exhibited superior performance in structure optimization.Using the DLPNO-CCSD(T)functional as the reference,the M06,M06-L,and MN15-L functionals exhibited good performance for energy calculation based on the structures optimized using the B3LYP-D3(BJ)functional.In particular,MN15-L provided the best performance with the smallest MAE and MSE.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Fund Project of Guizhou Health Commission(gzwkj2025-163)。
文摘Objective:To identify the root causes of typical adverse drug events through the lens of patient experiences proposing novel strategies to mitigate preventable harm.Methods:A qualitative case study leveraging in-depth interviews with patients and families,anchored by Interactive Patient Par ticipation Theory,to analyze 4 high-severity adverse drug events(ADE)cases.Cases were purposively sampled from 8 communities in China's National Adverse Event Monitor Center(2018-2023).Semi-structured interviews explored patient perspectives,with data analyzed via thematic coding and triangulation against clinical records.Results:Five interconnected themes emerged:(1)erosion of trust,(2)communication breakdowns,(3)information asymmetry,(4)environmental inadequacies,and(5)technological alienation.Notably,75% of participants had≤high school education,and 50% used≥7 medications daily,compounding ADE risks.Conclusions:We considered elements mentioned by theory,exploring trust,communication,information,and suppor t as the root causes.In addition,we added“adaptability to new technology”as an impor tant and necessary component.It is impor tant and necessary to analyze typical adverse drug events from the perspectives of patients.
文摘China ranked first worldwide in the production and export of electric bicycles.As an emerging market for electric bicycles,Malaysia holds significant potential for trade collabor ation with China in this sector.This study presents a compar ative analysis of the national electric bicycle standards in China and Malaysia,offering technical insights from a standardization perspective.These insights aim to support Chinese enterprises in strategically positioning their technologies in the Malaysian market.The findings reveal significant differences in technical parameters,safety requirements,and testing methods,highlighting the need for tailored product adapt ation.
基金supported by Project of Higher Education Teaching Reform Research in Heilongjiang Province(Graduate Education)(Grant No.SJGYY2024030).
文摘This paper investigates the teaching reform of the Program Comprehension and Analysis course in the context of industry-education integration and AI empowerment.To align with the evolving needs of the software industry,the course content has been updated to incorporate AI techniques such as large language models and deep learning.The reform enriches educational resources and introduces innovative instructional approaches.In addition,high-quality practical teaching cases have been developed,and immersive,hands-on learning experiences have been designed based on industrial platforms and real-world applications.These initiatives aim to enhance the practical skills and innovative thinking of professional degree graduate students,fostering high-caliber talent that aligns with industry demands.A survey of 90 graduate students revealed high levels of satisfaction regarding course content,teaching methodology,and skill development.The reform has proven effective in cultivating interdisciplinary professionals with solid foundations in software engineering and AI-driven innovation.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal endoscopy technology has significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy and the successful treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.However,a series of ethical issues have emerged,such as expanding treatment indications,which affect the fair distribution of medical resources.There is limited research on ethical issues in the field of digestive endoscopy.AIM To investigate the level of ethical awareness among gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners and analyze the ethical issues involved in gastrointestinal endoscopy technology.METHODS A questionnaire survey was performed to collect relevant data(gender,age,degree of education,professional title,personnel category,the level of understanding medical ethical principles,ethics training and its learning pathways)from gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners at the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University and Dalian Friendship Hospital,including licensed physicians and nurses(including trainees and graduate students).RESULTS The majority of gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners have received training on ethics,but there is still considerable room for improvement in their ethical awareness.Different learning pathways may affect the mastery of ethical principles, and understanding of ethical principles is more easily achieved through hospital ethics institutions.CONCLUSIONTo address the ethical issues in gastrointestinal endoscopy technology, it is necessary to enhance the humanisticeducation of gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners, incorporate ethical standards into the technology assessmentprocess, and establish a patient-centered diagnostic and treatment model to improve the ethical awareness of practitionersand achieve a balance between technology and ethics.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFA1508004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2293692,22502164,92472203,22222903,52271229,22472074,22272069,22361132532,and 22021001)+6 种基金the Industry-University-Research Joint Innovation Project of Fujian Province(2023H6029)the Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences(BNLMS202305)the Scientific and Technological Project of Yunnan Precious Metals Laboratory(YPML-20240502063)the Liaoning Binhai Laboratory(Grant No.2024-05)the State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals,Dalian University of Technology(KF 2401)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF under Grant Number GZC20240897the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2025M770016).
文摘Escalating global energy demands and climate urgency necessitate advanced electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies(EECSTs)like electrocatalysis and rechargeable batteries.Improving their performance relies on elucidating reaction mechanisms and structure-performance relationships via in situ studies.This review summarizes recent in situ studies of EECSTs through a variety of advanced characterization techniques aiming at mapping reaction pathways for the rational design of overall high-performance reaction systems.We outline the principles,capabilities,advantages,and limitations of various in situ techniques.Their applications in in situ studies of fuel cells,water/CO_(2)electrolysis,and lithium batteries are highlighted with representative examples.These studies enable dynamic tracking of chemical and structural evolution of overall reaction systems,including materials,intermediates,products,and surroundings during operation,providing insights critical to rational system design.Future advancements will involve integrating multimodal in situ/operando approaches with artificial intelligence to enable real-time monitoring at practical scales.Such integration promises precise mechanistic insights and robust structure-performance correlations,ultimately accelerating the development of high-performance EECSTs aligned with sustainability and market requirements.
