Summary： The change and the role of MAPK cascade pathway and P53 pathway after liver transplantation were explored. Thirty-four punctured donor liver specimens and 10 normal liver specimens were classified as group A...Summary： The change and the role of MAPK cascade pathway and P53 pathway after liver transplantation were explored. Thirty-four punctured donor liver specimens and 10 normal liver specimens were classified as group A （no rejection, n=10）, group B （mild/moderate acute rejection, n=10）, group C （serious acute rejection, n=8）, group D （chronic rejection/fibrosis, n=6） and group E （control, n= 10）. By using immunohistochemistry, the expression levels of mitogen activated protein kinase （MAPK）, Ras and P53 proteins, and by in situ hybridization, MAPK and ras mRNA expression levels were detected. The results showed that the expression levels of MAPK and Ras proteins were increased by turns in groups A, B and C, and decreased by turns in groups D and E. The protein expression of P53 was higher in the treated groups. The expression of Ras, HSP70 mRNA was identical as that of protein. It is suggested that the MAPK cascade pathway and P53 pathway can protect the hepatocytes by different mechanisms after liver transplantation. MAPKs cascade pathway repairs hepatocyte injury or accelerates hepatocytes into proliferation or differentiation. P53 pathway blocks cell cycle within G1 phase to make hepatocyte repair or apoptosis to reduce disorder differentiation.展开更多
Erysiphe necator is a destructive fungal pathogen that compromises grapevine yield and quality,leading to substantial economic losses.Therefore,elucidating host resistance mechanisms is essential.In this study,we iden...Erysiphe necator is a destructive fungal pathogen that compromises grapevine yield and quality,leading to substantial economic losses.Therefore,elucidating host resistance mechanisms is essential.In this study,we identified an ethylene response factor,VqERF1B,that exhibits sustained high expression during E.necator infection in Chinese wild grape Vitis quinquangularis accession ‘Danfeng-2'.Transient overexpression of VqERF1B in grape leaves enhanced resistance to E.necator by elevating transcript levels of pathogenesis-related(PR) genes,including PR1,PR2,PR5,and PR10.Conversely,silencing VqERF1B resulted in increased susceptibility.Moreover,transgenic Arabidopsis lines stably overexpressing VqERF1B exhibited enhanced resistance to powdery mildew,associated with elevated PR gene expression and increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).A series of assays identified VqMAPK3,a phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase,as a direct interactor of VqERF1B.Furthermore,VqERF1B was shown to bind directly to the promoters of VqPRs,thereby activating their transcription.Notably,the VqMAPK3-VqERF1B complex exhibited greater transactivation activity on VqPR promoters than VqERF1B alone,indicating that VqMAPK3 positively modulates VqERF1Bmediated transcription of PR genes.This work advances understanding of the molecular basis of grape resistance to E.necator and provides a foundation for molecular breeding strategies.展开更多
文摘Summary： The change and the role of MAPK cascade pathway and P53 pathway after liver transplantation were explored. Thirty-four punctured donor liver specimens and 10 normal liver specimens were classified as group A （no rejection, n=10）, group B （mild/moderate acute rejection, n=10）, group C （serious acute rejection, n=8）, group D （chronic rejection/fibrosis, n=6） and group E （control, n= 10）. By using immunohistochemistry, the expression levels of mitogen activated protein kinase （MAPK）, Ras and P53 proteins, and by in situ hybridization, MAPK and ras mRNA expression levels were detected. The results showed that the expression levels of MAPK and Ras proteins were increased by turns in groups A, B and C, and decreased by turns in groups D and E. The protein expression of P53 was higher in the treated groups. The expression of Ras, HSP70 mRNA was identical as that of protein. It is suggested that the MAPK cascade pathway and P53 pathway can protect the hepatocytes by different mechanisms after liver transplantation. MAPKs cascade pathway repairs hepatocyte injury or accelerates hepatocytes into proliferation or differentiation. P53 pathway blocks cell cycle within G1 phase to make hepatocyte repair or apoptosis to reduce disorder differentiation.
基金This study is granted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52209055,52379041,and 32272667)the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects,China (202401AU070197,202501AW070013,202501BC070015,and 202501AT070377)+3 种基金the Yunnan Education Department Project,China (2024J0079)the Kunming University of Science and Technology Talent Development Project,China (KKZ3202423161)the Yunnan Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources and Intelligent Control,China (202449CE340014)the Yunnan Intelligent Water-Fertilizer-Pesticide Integration Technology and Equipment Innovation Team,China (202505AS350025)。
文摘Erysiphe necator is a destructive fungal pathogen that compromises grapevine yield and quality,leading to substantial economic losses.Therefore,elucidating host resistance mechanisms is essential.In this study,we identified an ethylene response factor,VqERF1B,that exhibits sustained high expression during E.necator infection in Chinese wild grape Vitis quinquangularis accession ‘Danfeng-2'.Transient overexpression of VqERF1B in grape leaves enhanced resistance to E.necator by elevating transcript levels of pathogenesis-related(PR) genes,including PR1,PR2,PR5,and PR10.Conversely,silencing VqERF1B resulted in increased susceptibility.Moreover,transgenic Arabidopsis lines stably overexpressing VqERF1B exhibited enhanced resistance to powdery mildew,associated with elevated PR gene expression and increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).A series of assays identified VqMAPK3,a phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase,as a direct interactor of VqERF1B.Furthermore,VqERF1B was shown to bind directly to the promoters of VqPRs,thereby activating their transcription.Notably,the VqMAPK3-VqERF1B complex exhibited greater transactivation activity on VqPR promoters than VqERF1B alone,indicating that VqMAPK3 positively modulates VqERF1Bmediated transcription of PR genes.This work advances understanding of the molecular basis of grape resistance to E.necator and provides a foundation for molecular breeding strategies.
