Agriculture is a large source of carbon emissions. The cropland practices of fertilizer substitution, crop straw and conservation tillage are beneficial and help to rebuild local soil carbon stocks and reduce soil car...Agriculture is a large source of carbon emissions. The cropland practices of fertilizer substitution, crop straw and conservation tillage are beneficial and help to rebuild local soil carbon stocks and reduce soil carbon emissions, in addition to reducing the consumption of fertilizers and fossil fuels. These improved cropland practices can directly and indirectly mitigatecarbon emissions, benefiting the sustainability of croplands. For these three improved practices, we estimated carbon mitigation potentials in rice, wheat and maize croplands in China. The combined contribution of these practices to carbon mitigation was 38.8 Tg C yr-1, with fertilizer substitution, crop straw return, and conservation tillage contributing 26.6, 3.6 and 8.6 Tg C yr-1, respectively. Rice, wheat and maize croplands had potentials to mitigate 13.4, 11.9 and 15.5 Tg C yr-1, respectively, with the combined direct and indirectpotential of 33.8 and 5.0 Tg C yr-1. Because of differences in local climate and specific diets, the regional cropland carbon mitigation potentials differed greatly among provinces in China. In China, 18 provinces had a "target surplus" for which the carbon mitigation from these three practices was larger than the mitigation target set for 2020. At the national level, a net "target surplus"of 4.84 Tg C yr-1 would be attained for Chinese croplands with full implementation of the three improved practices. Regional cooperation must be developed to achieve carbon mitigation targets using such measures as carbon trading, establishing regional associations, and strengthening research programs to improve practices.展开更多
A synergistic pathway is regarded as a critical measure for tackling the intertwined challenges of climate change and air pollution in China. However, there is as yet no indicator that can comprehensively reflect such...A synergistic pathway is regarded as a critical measure for tackling the intertwined challenges of climate change and air pollution in China. However, there is as yet no indicator that can comprehensively reflect such synergistic effects;hence, existing studies lack a consistent framework for comparison. Here, we introduce a new synergistic indicator defined as the pollutant generation per gross domestic product (GDP) and adopt an integrated analysis framework by linking the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method, response surface model (RSM), and global exposure mortality model (GEMM) to evaluate the synergistic effects of carbon mitigation on both air pollutant reduction and public health in China. The results show that synergistic effects played an increasingly important role in the emissions mitigation of SO_(2), NOx, and primary particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter no greater than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), and the synergistic mitigation of pollutants respectively increase from 3.1, 1.4, and 0.3 Mt during the 11th Five-Year Plan (FYP) (2006–2010) to 5.6, 3.7, and 1.9 Mt during the 12th FYP (2011–2015). Against the non-control scenario, synergistic effects alone contributed to a 15% reduction in annual mean PM2.5 concentration, resulting in the prevention of 0.29 million (95% confidential interval: 0.28–0.30) PM2.5-attributable excess deaths in 2015. Synergistic benefits to air quality improvement and public health were remarkable in the developed and population-dense eastern provinces and municipalities. With the processes of urbanization and carbon neutrality in the future, synergistic effects are expected to continue to increase. Realizing climate targets in advance in developed regions would concurrently bring strong synergistic effects to air quality and public health.展开更多
Renewable energy technology transfer in developing countries is vital in addressing the global challenges of climate change and energy crises.However,the environmental impact,especially the carbon emission and mitigat...Renewable energy technology transfer in developing countries is vital in addressing the global challenges of climate change and energy crises.However,the environmental impact,especially the carbon emission and mitigation properties during technology transfer,has not been explored.In this study,six renewable energy technology transfer projects(four solar photovoltaic and two biogas projects)from China to Ethiopia have been studied using a life cycle assessment to identify the carbon footprint and comparative emission reduction potential between these projects.Results indicated:1)Solar photovoltaic and biogas technologies exhibit significant differences in greenhouse gas emissions and reduction potential characteristics.2)Solar photovoltaic technology demonstrates a more competitive effect in terms of carbon emission reduction and efficiency.3)Biogas technology exhibits a more favorable transfer effect on global mitigation benefits and costs.This study demonstrates that the renewable energy technology transfer project maintains a better low-carbon characteristic and substantially contributes to low-carbon energy transformation and climate change mitigation.展开更多
Coal consumption leads to over 15 billion tons of global CO_(2) emissions annually,which will continue at a considerable intensity in the foreseeable future.To remove the huge amount of CO_(2),a practically feasible w...Coal consumption leads to over 15 billion tons of global CO_(2) emissions annually,which will continue at a considerable intensity in the foreseeable future.To remove the huge amount of CO_(2),a practically feasible way of direct carbon mitigation,instead of capturing that from dilute tail gases,should be developed;as intended,we developed two innovative supporting technologies,of which the status,strengths,applications,and perspective are discussed in this paper.One is supercritical water gasification-based coal/biomass utilization technology,which orderly converts chemical energy of coal and low-grade heat into hydrogen energy,and can achieve poly-generation of steam,heat,hydrogen,power,pure CO_(2),and minerals.The other one is the renewables-powered CO_(2) reduction techniques,which uses CO_(2) as the resource for carbon-based fuel production.When combining the above two technical loops,one can achieve a full resource utilization and zero CO_(2) emission,making it a practically feasible way for China and global countries to achieve carbon neutrality while creating substantial domestic benefits of economic growth,competitiveness,well-beings,and new industries.展开更多
Urban sprawl has been a prevailing phenomenon in developing countries like China,potentially resulting in significant carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions from the transport sector.However,the impact of urban sprawl on tra...Urban sprawl has been a prevailing phenomenon in developing countries like China,potentially resulting in significant carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions from the transport sector.However,the impact of urban sprawl on transport CO_(2) emissions(TCEs)is still not fully understood and remains somewhat rudimentary.To systematically investigate how urban sprawl influences TCEs,we employ panel regression and panel threshold regression for 274 Chinese cities(2005-2020),and obtain some new findings.Our results affirm that the degree of urban sprawl is positively associated with TCEs,and this holds true in different groups of city size and geographical region,while significant heterogeneity is observed in terms of such impact.Interestingly,we find urban sprawl nonlinearly impacts TCEs—with an equal increase in urban sprawl degree,TCEs are even lower in cities with larger population size and better economic condition,particularly in East China.Furthermore,the low-carbon city pilot policy shows potential in mitigating sprawl's impact on TCEs.Drawing on our findings,we argue that to achieve the target of TCEs reduction in China by curbing urban sprawl,more priority should be placed on relatively small,less developed,and geographically inferior cities for cost-efficiency reasons when formulating future urban development strategies.展开更多
China’s inland waterway transport sector is facing the challenge of achieving carbon neutrality goals amidst its rapid development.However,the carbon mitigation potential of targeted interventions within inland water...China’s inland waterway transport sector is facing the challenge of achieving carbon neutrality goals amidst its rapid development.However,the carbon mitigation potential of targeted interventions within inland waterway transport networks remains poorly understood.We construct a port-to-port carbon emission inventory for the inland waterway transport sector from 2019 to 2050.Jiangxi province,a typical dynamically developing region,is selected as the study area given its plans for the large-scale construction of new inland waterways in the future.Our results reveal that while waterway optimization improves cargo transport efficiency,it may lead to higher carbon emissions by 2030.However,with intensified mitigation efforts,it can contribute to significant emission reductions by 2050.In terms of strategic interventions,prioritizing transport technology upgrades(e.g.,improve energy efficiency)in the short-term,while transitioning to alternative fuels in the long-term,could reduce to 0.76 Mt emissions by 2050,representing a 72%decrease compared to 2019 levels.Our findings from the typical complex waterway transport network in China offer valuable insights for managing carbon emissions in inland waterways globally,especially in regions contemplating the expansion of their inland waterway systems.展开更多
Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the viable solutions to alleviate the global warming. However, the limited utilization of biomass majorly focused on cellulose and hemicellulose restricts the economic and environment...Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the viable solutions to alleviate the global warming. However, the limited utilization of biomass majorly focused on cellulose and hemicellulose restricts the economic and environmental feasibilities. To cope with this issue, we proposed an integrated process of co-producing 1,6-hexanediol(1,6-HDO) with tetrahydrofuran and adipic acid from biomass, referred to as Strategy A. To compare the impacts of lignin upgrading and feedstock, Strategy B, which co-produces tetrahydrofuran alone, and Strategy C, which is the traditional route to produce 1,6-HDO from fossil fuels, were used. Heat networks are also designed to reduce operating costs and indirect carbon emissions due to energy consumption, saving 87% and 83% of the heat and cooling requirements, respectively, in Strategy A. The market competitiveness of Strategy A was evaluated by determining the minimum selling price through techno-economic analysis, and sustainability was thoroughly investigated by quantifying the environmental impacts through both midpoint and endpoint life-cycle assessments(LCAs).Strategy A was found to be the most favorable both economically(USRDSCHARDOLLAR3,402/ton) and environmentally(-26.9 kg CO_(2)eq.). This indicates that lignin valorization is not only economically but also environmentally preferred. Finally, changes in economic and environmental feasibilities depending on economic, process, and environmental parameters were investigated using sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. The results of these analyses provide valuable insight into bio-based chemical production.展开更多
China is now beginning its 13th five-year guideline. As the top CO2 emitter, China has recently submitted the intended nationally determined contributions and made the commitment to start reducing its total carbon emi...China is now beginning its 13th five-year guideline. As the top CO2 emitter, China has recently submitted the intended nationally determined contributions and made the commitment to start reducing its total carbon emissions in or before 2030. In this study, a bottom-up energy system model is built and applied to analyze the energy （mainly coal, oil, and gas） consumption and carbon emissions in China up to 2030. The results show that, the total energy consumption will reach a peak of 58.1 billion tonnes of standard coal and the CO2 emissions will get to 105.8 billion tonnes. Moreover, in the mitigation scenario, proportion of natural gas consumption will increase by 7 % in 2020 and 10 % in 2030, respectively. In the trans- portation sector, gasoline and diesel consumption will gradually decrease, while the consumption of natural gas in 2030 will increase by 2.7 times compared to the reference scenario. Moreover, with the promotion of electric cars, the transport electricity consumption will increase 3.1 times in 2030 compared to the reference scenario. In order to fulfill the emission peaking target, efforts should be made from both the final demand sectors and oil and gas production industries, to help adjust the energy structure and ensure the oil and gas supply in future.展开更多
China is becoming the largest grain producing and carbon-emitting country in the world,with a steady increase in population and economic development.A review of Chinese experiences in ensuring food self-sufficiency an...China is becoming the largest grain producing and carbon-emitting country in the world,with a steady increase in population and economic development.A review of Chinese experiences in ensuring food self-sufficiency and reducing carbon emission in the agricultural sector can provide a valuable reference for similar countries and regions.According to a comprehensive review of previous publications and recent field observations,China has experienced on average a larger and faster climatic warming trend than the global trend,and there are large uncertainties in precipitation change,which shows a non-significantly increasing trend.Existing evidence shows that the effects of climatic warming on major staple crop production in China could be markedly negative or positive,depending on the specific cropping region,season,and crop.However,historical data analysis and field warming experiments have shown that moderate warming,of less than2.0 °C,could benefit crop production in China overall.During the most recent warming decades,China has made successful adaptations in cropping systems,such as new cultivar breeding,cropping region adjustment,and cropping practice optimization,to exploit the positive rather than to avoid the negative effects of climatic warming on crop growth.All of these successful adaptations have greatly increased crop yield,leading to higher resource use efficiency as well as greatly increased soil organic carbon content with reduced greenhouse gas emissions.Under the warming climate,China has not only achieved great successes in crop production but also realized a large advance in greenhouse gas emission mitigation.Chinese experiences in cropping system innovation for coping with climatic warming demonstrate that food security and climatic warming mitigation can be synergized through policy,knowledge,and technological innovation.With the increasingly critical status of food security and climatic warming,further efforts should be invested in new agricultural policy,knowledge and technology creation,and popularization of climate-smart agriculture,and more financial investments should be made in field infrastructure development to increase cropping system resilience in China.展开更多
Cities play a pivotal role in global decarbonization,acting as a critical driver of carbon emissions.Accurately allocating carbon mitigation responsibility(CMR)is essential for designing effective and equitable climat...Cities play a pivotal role in global decarbonization,acting as a critical driver of carbon emissions.Accurately allocating carbon mitigation responsibility(CMR)is essential for designing effective and equitable climate policies.How cities manage carbon leakage across boundaries through supply chains and implement plan of increasing forest carbon sinks are important components for designing a fair and inclusive CMR.However,the combined impact of trade-related carbon leakage and forest carbon sinks on CMR allocation remains poorly understood.Here,we develop an integrated CMR allocation framework that accounts for both carbon leakage and variation of forest carbon offsets.When applied to the cities within the GuangdongeHong KongeMacao Greater Bay Area in China,it becomes evident that the in-clusion of carbon leakage results in substantial alterations in mitigation quotas.Adjustments are observed to vary between±10%and 50%across these cities from 2005 to 2020,a trend that is anticipated to continue until 2035.The redistribution of outsourced emissions through supply chains alleviates the mitigation burden on producer cities by 20e30%.Additionally,accounting for carbon sinks substantially influences CMR allocation,particularly in forest-rich cities,which may see their carbon budgets increase by up to 10%.Under an enhanced climate policy scenario,the growth rate of total mitigation quotas from 2025 to 2035 is projected to decrease by 40%compared to a business-as-usual trajectory,reducing the burden on major producer cities.Our proposed CMR framework provides a robust basis for incentivizing coordinated mitigation efforts,promoting decarbonization in supply chains and enhancement of urban carbon sink capacities.展开更多
China has set the goal for its CO2 emissions to peak around 2030, which is not only a strategic decision coordinating domestic sustainable development and global climate change mitigation but also an overarching targe...China has set the goal for its CO2 emissions to peak around 2030, which is not only a strategic decision coordinating domestic sustainable development and global climate change mitigation but also an overarching target and a key point of action for China＇s resource conservation, environmental protection, shift in economic development patterns, and CO2 emission reduction to avoid climate change. The development stage where China maps out the CO2 emission peak target is earlier than that of the developed countries. It is a necessity that the non-fossil energy supplies be able to meet all the increased energy demand for achieving CO2 emission peaking. Given that China＇s potential GDP annual increasing rate will be more than 4%, and China＇s total energy demand will continue to increase by approximately 1.0%--1.5% annually around 2030, new and renewable energies will need to increase by 6%-8% annually to meet the desired CO2 emission peak. The share of new and renewable energies in China＇s total primary energy supply will be approximately 20% by 2030. At that time, the energy consumption elasticity will decrease to around 0.3, and the annual decrease in the rate of CO2 intensity will also be higher than 4% to ensure the sustained growth of GDE To achieve the CO2 emission peaking target and substantially promote the low-carbon deve!opment transformation, China needs to actively promote an energy production and consumption revolution, the innovation of advanced energy technologies, the reform of the energy regulatory system and pricing mechanism, and especially the construction of a national carbon emission cap and trade system.展开更多
Phosphogypsum(PG),a hard-to-dissipate by-product of the phosphorus fertilizer production industry,places strain on the biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functions of storage sites.This pervasive problem is already w...Phosphogypsum(PG),a hard-to-dissipate by-product of the phosphorus fertilizer production industry,places strain on the biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functions of storage sites.This pervasive problem is already widespread worldwide and requires careful stewardship.In this study,we review the presence of potentially toxic elements(PTEs)in PG and describe their associations with soil properties,anthropogenic activities,and surrounding organisms.Then,we review different ex-/in-situ solutions for promoting the sustainable management of PG,with an emphasis on in-situ cemented paste backfill,which offers a cost-effective and highly scalable opportunity to advance the value-added recovery of PG.However,concerns related to the PTEs'retention capacity and long-term effectiveness limit the implementation of this strategy.Furthermore,given that the large-scale demand for ordinary Portland cement from this conventional option has resulted in significant CO_(2) emissions,the technology has recently undergone additional scrutiny to meet the climate mitigation ambition of the Paris Agreement and China's Carbon Neutrality Economy.Therefore,we discuss the ways by which we can integrate innovative strategies,including supplementary cementitious materials,alternative binder solutions,CO_(2) mineralization,CO_(2) curing,and optimization of the supply chain for the profitability and sustainability of PG remediation.However,to maximize the co-benefits in environmental,social,and economic,future research must bridge the gap between the feasibility of expanding these advanced pathways and the multidisciplinary needs.展开更多
The agricultural sector,a major source of greenhouse gas emissions,and emissions from agriculture must be reduced substantially to achieve carbon(C)neutrality.Based on a literature analysis and other research results,...The agricultural sector,a major source of greenhouse gas emissions,and emissions from agriculture must be reduced substantially to achieve carbon(C)neutrality.Based on a literature analysis and other research results,this study investigated the effects and prospects of C reduction in agricultural systems under different scenarios(i.e.,methods and approaches)in the context of China's dual C goals,as those working in the agricultural sector have yet to reach a consensus on how to move forward.Different views,standards,and countermeasures were analyzed to provide a reference for agricultural action supporting China's C neutrality goal.展开更多
This research paper critically examines China’s role as the world’s largest emitter of carbon dioxide and its pivotal position in global climate change mitigation efforts.The analysis encompasses China’s environmen...This research paper critically examines China’s role as the world’s largest emitter of carbon dioxide and its pivotal position in global climate change mitigation efforts.The analysis encompasses China’s environmental policies initiated since 1979,formally approved by the legislative body,the NPC,in 1989.Though significant economic developments were made since the country’s reform and opening in 1979,it is acknowledged that this progress has been accompanied by substantial environmental degradation.In response,the government amended environmental laws in 2014,reflecting a commitment to address these challenges.However,this paper contends that substantial efforts are still required to achieve meaningful environmental improvement.The research further delves into the anticipated impacts of Chinese policies on crucial aspects,namely Climate Change,Resource Management,and the well-being of Future Generations,providing comprehensive insights into the multifaceted implications of China’s environmental trajectory.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(2015ZX07203-005)the National Program for Support of Top-notch Young Professionals
文摘Agriculture is a large source of carbon emissions. The cropland practices of fertilizer substitution, crop straw and conservation tillage are beneficial and help to rebuild local soil carbon stocks and reduce soil carbon emissions, in addition to reducing the consumption of fertilizers and fossil fuels. These improved cropland practices can directly and indirectly mitigatecarbon emissions, benefiting the sustainability of croplands. For these three improved practices, we estimated carbon mitigation potentials in rice, wheat and maize croplands in China. The combined contribution of these practices to carbon mitigation was 38.8 Tg C yr-1, with fertilizer substitution, crop straw return, and conservation tillage contributing 26.6, 3.6 and 8.6 Tg C yr-1, respectively. Rice, wheat and maize croplands had potentials to mitigate 13.4, 11.9 and 15.5 Tg C yr-1, respectively, with the combined direct and indirectpotential of 33.8 and 5.0 Tg C yr-1. Because of differences in local climate and specific diets, the regional cropland carbon mitigation potentials differed greatly among provinces in China. In China, 18 provinces had a "target surplus" for which the carbon mitigation from these three practices was larger than the mitigation target set for 2020. At the national level, a net "target surplus"of 4.84 Tg C yr-1 would be attained for Chinese croplands with full implementation of the three improved practices. Regional cooperation must be developed to achieve carbon mitigation targets using such measures as carbon trading, establishing regional associations, and strengthening research programs to improve practices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72025401,71974108,and 72140003)the Tsinghua University-INDITEX Sustainable Development Fund.
文摘A synergistic pathway is regarded as a critical measure for tackling the intertwined challenges of climate change and air pollution in China. However, there is as yet no indicator that can comprehensively reflect such synergistic effects;hence, existing studies lack a consistent framework for comparison. Here, we introduce a new synergistic indicator defined as the pollutant generation per gross domestic product (GDP) and adopt an integrated analysis framework by linking the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method, response surface model (RSM), and global exposure mortality model (GEMM) to evaluate the synergistic effects of carbon mitigation on both air pollutant reduction and public health in China. The results show that synergistic effects played an increasingly important role in the emissions mitigation of SO_(2), NOx, and primary particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter no greater than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), and the synergistic mitigation of pollutants respectively increase from 3.1, 1.4, and 0.3 Mt during the 11th Five-Year Plan (FYP) (2006–2010) to 5.6, 3.7, and 1.9 Mt during the 12th FYP (2011–2015). Against the non-control scenario, synergistic effects alone contributed to a 15% reduction in annual mean PM2.5 concentration, resulting in the prevention of 0.29 million (95% confidential interval: 0.28–0.30) PM2.5-attributable excess deaths in 2015. Synergistic benefits to air quality improvement and public health were remarkable in the developed and population-dense eastern provinces and municipalities. With the processes of urbanization and carbon neutrality in the future, synergistic effects are expected to continue to increase. Realizing climate targets in advance in developed regions would concurrently bring strong synergistic effects to air quality and public health.
基金supported by the“Trilateral Cooperation on Biogas and Solar-Transitioning to Sustainable Energy Uses in public and private institutions including in the Agro-Industry in China–Ethiopia–Sri Lanka”(Grant No.00116770)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University.This work was also supported by the Chinese Ministry of Commerce,the Administrative Center for China’s Agenda 21(ACCA21)of the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology,the Technology Transfer South-South Cooperation Center,the Ethiopian Ministry of Water and Energy,and the United Nations Development Programme。
文摘Renewable energy technology transfer in developing countries is vital in addressing the global challenges of climate change and energy crises.However,the environmental impact,especially the carbon emission and mitigation properties during technology transfer,has not been explored.In this study,six renewable energy technology transfer projects(four solar photovoltaic and two biogas projects)from China to Ethiopia have been studied using a life cycle assessment to identify the carbon footprint and comparative emission reduction potential between these projects.Results indicated:1)Solar photovoltaic and biogas technologies exhibit significant differences in greenhouse gas emissions and reduction potential characteristics.2)Solar photovoltaic technology demonstrates a more competitive effect in terms of carbon emission reduction and efficiency.3)Biogas technology exhibits a more favorable transfer effect on global mitigation benefits and costs.This study demonstrates that the renewable energy technology transfer project maintains a better low-carbon characteristic and substantially contributes to low-carbon energy transformation and climate change mitigation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51888103).
文摘Coal consumption leads to over 15 billion tons of global CO_(2) emissions annually,which will continue at a considerable intensity in the foreseeable future.To remove the huge amount of CO_(2),a practically feasible way of direct carbon mitigation,instead of capturing that from dilute tail gases,should be developed;as intended,we developed two innovative supporting technologies,of which the status,strengths,applications,and perspective are discussed in this paper.One is supercritical water gasification-based coal/biomass utilization technology,which orderly converts chemical energy of coal and low-grade heat into hydrogen energy,and can achieve poly-generation of steam,heat,hydrogen,power,pure CO_(2),and minerals.The other one is the renewables-powered CO_(2) reduction techniques,which uses CO_(2) as the resource for carbon-based fuel production.When combining the above two technical loops,one can achieve a full resource utilization and zero CO_(2) emission,making it a practically feasible way for China and global countries to achieve carbon neutrality while creating substantial domestic benefits of economic growth,competitiveness,well-beings,and new industries.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2022YFC3800101。
文摘Urban sprawl has been a prevailing phenomenon in developing countries like China,potentially resulting in significant carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions from the transport sector.However,the impact of urban sprawl on transport CO_(2) emissions(TCEs)is still not fully understood and remains somewhat rudimentary.To systematically investigate how urban sprawl influences TCEs,we employ panel regression and panel threshold regression for 274 Chinese cities(2005-2020),and obtain some new findings.Our results affirm that the degree of urban sprawl is positively associated with TCEs,and this holds true in different groups of city size and geographical region,while significant heterogeneity is observed in terms of such impact.Interestingly,we find urban sprawl nonlinearly impacts TCEs—with an equal increase in urban sprawl degree,TCEs are even lower in cities with larger population size and better economic condition,particularly in East China.Furthermore,the low-carbon city pilot policy shows potential in mitigating sprawl's impact on TCEs.Drawing on our findings,we argue that to achieve the target of TCEs reduction in China by curbing urban sprawl,more priority should be placed on relatively small,less developed,and geographically inferior cities for cost-efficiency reasons when formulating future urban development strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72304192)Hongyi Xie acknowledges the support of the China Scholarship Council Program(No.202406100207).
文摘China’s inland waterway transport sector is facing the challenge of achieving carbon neutrality goals amidst its rapid development.However,the carbon mitigation potential of targeted interventions within inland waterway transport networks remains poorly understood.We construct a port-to-port carbon emission inventory for the inland waterway transport sector from 2019 to 2050.Jiangxi province,a typical dynamically developing region,is selected as the study area given its plans for the large-scale construction of new inland waterways in the future.Our results reveal that while waterway optimization improves cargo transport efficiency,it may lead to higher carbon emissions by 2030.However,with intensified mitigation efforts,it can contribute to significant emission reductions by 2050.In terms of strategic interventions,prioritizing transport technology upgrades(e.g.,improve energy efficiency)in the short-term,while transitioning to alternative fuels in the long-term,could reduce to 0.76 Mt emissions by 2050,representing a 72%decrease compared to 2019 levels.Our findings from the typical complex waterway transport network in China offer valuable insights for managing carbon emissions in inland waterways globally,especially in regions contemplating the expansion of their inland waterway systems.
基金Material Parts Technology Development Program (20017461, Development and Performance Improvement of Air Operated Valve for 105 MPa Hydrogen Charging Station) funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy(MOTIE, Republic of Korea)Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology (KEIT, Republic of Korea)+1 种基金financial support from the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP)Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea(RS-2024-00419764)。
文摘Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the viable solutions to alleviate the global warming. However, the limited utilization of biomass majorly focused on cellulose and hemicellulose restricts the economic and environmental feasibilities. To cope with this issue, we proposed an integrated process of co-producing 1,6-hexanediol(1,6-HDO) with tetrahydrofuran and adipic acid from biomass, referred to as Strategy A. To compare the impacts of lignin upgrading and feedstock, Strategy B, which co-produces tetrahydrofuran alone, and Strategy C, which is the traditional route to produce 1,6-HDO from fossil fuels, were used. Heat networks are also designed to reduce operating costs and indirect carbon emissions due to energy consumption, saving 87% and 83% of the heat and cooling requirements, respectively, in Strategy A. The market competitiveness of Strategy A was evaluated by determining the minimum selling price through techno-economic analysis, and sustainability was thoroughly investigated by quantifying the environmental impacts through both midpoint and endpoint life-cycle assessments(LCAs).Strategy A was found to be the most favorable both economically(USRDSCHARDOLLAR3,402/ton) and environmentally(-26.9 kg CO_(2)eq.). This indicates that lignin valorization is not only economically but also environmentally preferred. Finally, changes in economic and environmental feasibilities depending on economic, process, and environmental parameters were investigated using sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. The results of these analyses provide valuable insight into bio-based chemical production.
基金funded by the Project supported by China National Petroleum Corporation(Project Name:The development trend of oil and gas industry till 2030Project Number:20150114)
文摘China is now beginning its 13th five-year guideline. As the top CO2 emitter, China has recently submitted the intended nationally determined contributions and made the commitment to start reducing its total carbon emissions in or before 2030. In this study, a bottom-up energy system model is built and applied to analyze the energy （mainly coal, oil, and gas） consumption and carbon emissions in China up to 2030. The results show that, the total energy consumption will reach a peak of 58.1 billion tonnes of standard coal and the CO2 emissions will get to 105.8 billion tonnes. Moreover, in the mitigation scenario, proportion of natural gas consumption will increase by 7 % in 2020 and 10 % in 2030, respectively. In the trans- portation sector, gasoline and diesel consumption will gradually decrease, while the consumption of natural gas in 2030 will increase by 2.7 times compared to the reference scenario. Moreover, with the promotion of electric cars, the transport electricity consumption will increase 3.1 times in 2030 compared to the reference scenario. In order to fulfill the emission peaking target, efforts should be made from both the final demand sectors and oil and gas production industries, to help adjust the energy structure and ensure the oil and gas supply in future.
基金supported by the State Key Program of China(No.2016YFD0300903)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(No.2015BAC02B02)+1 种基金the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(Nos.201503122,201503118)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAAS
文摘China is becoming the largest grain producing and carbon-emitting country in the world,with a steady increase in population and economic development.A review of Chinese experiences in ensuring food self-sufficiency and reducing carbon emission in the agricultural sector can provide a valuable reference for similar countries and regions.According to a comprehensive review of previous publications and recent field observations,China has experienced on average a larger and faster climatic warming trend than the global trend,and there are large uncertainties in precipitation change,which shows a non-significantly increasing trend.Existing evidence shows that the effects of climatic warming on major staple crop production in China could be markedly negative or positive,depending on the specific cropping region,season,and crop.However,historical data analysis and field warming experiments have shown that moderate warming,of less than2.0 °C,could benefit crop production in China overall.During the most recent warming decades,China has made successful adaptations in cropping systems,such as new cultivar breeding,cropping region adjustment,and cropping practice optimization,to exploit the positive rather than to avoid the negative effects of climatic warming on crop growth.All of these successful adaptations have greatly increased crop yield,leading to higher resource use efficiency as well as greatly increased soil organic carbon content with reduced greenhouse gas emissions.Under the warming climate,China has not only achieved great successes in crop production but also realized a large advance in greenhouse gas emission mitigation.Chinese experiences in cropping system innovation for coping with climatic warming demonstrate that food security and climatic warming mitigation can be synergized through policy,knowledge,and technological innovation.With the increasingly critical status of food security and climatic warming,further efforts should be invested in new agricultural policy,knowledge and technology creation,and popularization of climate-smart agriculture,and more financial investments should be made in field infrastructure development to increase cropping system resilience in China.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[No.2022YFF1301200]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[No.72074232 and No.42477514]the Major Project of the National Social Science Fund of China[No.22&ZD108].
文摘Cities play a pivotal role in global decarbonization,acting as a critical driver of carbon emissions.Accurately allocating carbon mitigation responsibility(CMR)is essential for designing effective and equitable climate policies.How cities manage carbon leakage across boundaries through supply chains and implement plan of increasing forest carbon sinks are important components for designing a fair and inclusive CMR.However,the combined impact of trade-related carbon leakage and forest carbon sinks on CMR allocation remains poorly understood.Here,we develop an integrated CMR allocation framework that accounts for both carbon leakage and variation of forest carbon offsets.When applied to the cities within the GuangdongeHong KongeMacao Greater Bay Area in China,it becomes evident that the in-clusion of carbon leakage results in substantial alterations in mitigation quotas.Adjustments are observed to vary between±10%and 50%across these cities from 2005 to 2020,a trend that is anticipated to continue until 2035.The redistribution of outsourced emissions through supply chains alleviates the mitigation burden on producer cities by 20e30%.Additionally,accounting for carbon sinks substantially influences CMR allocation,particularly in forest-rich cities,which may see their carbon budgets increase by up to 10%.Under an enhanced climate policy scenario,the growth rate of total mitigation quotas from 2025 to 2035 is projected to decrease by 40%compared to a business-as-usual trajectory,reducing the burden on major producer cities.Our proposed CMR framework provides a robust basis for incentivizing coordinated mitigation efforts,promoting decarbonization in supply chains and enhancement of urban carbon sink capacities.
基金supported by Major Program of Humanities and Social Science Base,Ministry of Education(No.10JJD630011)
文摘China has set the goal for its CO2 emissions to peak around 2030, which is not only a strategic decision coordinating domestic sustainable development and global climate change mitigation but also an overarching target and a key point of action for China＇s resource conservation, environmental protection, shift in economic development patterns, and CO2 emission reduction to avoid climate change. The development stage where China maps out the CO2 emission peak target is earlier than that of the developed countries. It is a necessity that the non-fossil energy supplies be able to meet all the increased energy demand for achieving CO2 emission peaking. Given that China＇s potential GDP annual increasing rate will be more than 4%, and China＇s total energy demand will continue to increase by approximately 1.0%--1.5% annually around 2030, new and renewable energies will need to increase by 6%-8% annually to meet the desired CO2 emission peak. The share of new and renewable energies in China＇s total primary energy supply will be approximately 20% by 2030. At that time, the energy consumption elasticity will decrease to around 0.3, and the annual decrease in the rate of CO2 intensity will also be higher than 4% to ensure the sustained growth of GDE To achieve the CO2 emission peaking target and substantially promote the low-carbon deve!opment transformation, China needs to actively promote an energy production and consumption revolution, the innovation of advanced energy technologies, the reform of the energy regulatory system and pricing mechanism, and especially the construction of a national carbon emission cap and trade system.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.552104156,52074351,and 52004330)the National Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(No.2022JJ30714)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China(No.2021RC3125)。
文摘Phosphogypsum(PG),a hard-to-dissipate by-product of the phosphorus fertilizer production industry,places strain on the biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functions of storage sites.This pervasive problem is already widespread worldwide and requires careful stewardship.In this study,we review the presence of potentially toxic elements(PTEs)in PG and describe their associations with soil properties,anthropogenic activities,and surrounding organisms.Then,we review different ex-/in-situ solutions for promoting the sustainable management of PG,with an emphasis on in-situ cemented paste backfill,which offers a cost-effective and highly scalable opportunity to advance the value-added recovery of PG.However,concerns related to the PTEs'retention capacity and long-term effectiveness limit the implementation of this strategy.Furthermore,given that the large-scale demand for ordinary Portland cement from this conventional option has resulted in significant CO_(2) emissions,the technology has recently undergone additional scrutiny to meet the climate mitigation ambition of the Paris Agreement and China's Carbon Neutrality Economy.Therefore,we discuss the ways by which we can integrate innovative strategies,including supplementary cementitious materials,alternative binder solutions,CO_(2) mineralization,CO_(2) curing,and optimization of the supply chain for the profitability and sustainability of PG remediation.However,to maximize the co-benefits in environmental,social,and economic,future research must bridge the gap between the feasibility of expanding these advanced pathways and the multidisciplinary needs.
基金financially supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(SQ2022YFD2300030)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42201292)+1 种基金National Major Agricultural Science and Technology Project(NK2022180604)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Green and Low Carbon Agriculture in Northeast Plain(LCGANE01)。
文摘The agricultural sector,a major source of greenhouse gas emissions,and emissions from agriculture must be reduced substantially to achieve carbon(C)neutrality.Based on a literature analysis and other research results,this study investigated the effects and prospects of C reduction in agricultural systems under different scenarios(i.e.,methods and approaches)in the context of China's dual C goals,as those working in the agricultural sector have yet to reach a consensus on how to move forward.Different views,standards,and countermeasures were analyzed to provide a reference for agricultural action supporting China's C neutrality goal.
文摘This research paper critically examines China’s role as the world’s largest emitter of carbon dioxide and its pivotal position in global climate change mitigation efforts.The analysis encompasses China’s environmental policies initiated since 1979,formally approved by the legislative body,the NPC,in 1989.Though significant economic developments were made since the country’s reform and opening in 1979,it is acknowledged that this progress has been accompanied by substantial environmental degradation.In response,the government amended environmental laws in 2014,reflecting a commitment to address these challenges.However,this paper contends that substantial efforts are still required to achieve meaningful environmental improvement.The research further delves into the anticipated impacts of Chinese policies on crucial aspects,namely Climate Change,Resource Management,and the well-being of Future Generations,providing comprehensive insights into the multifaceted implications of China’s environmental trajectory.
