Biochemistry weapon is raising new tools of war and terror.This research is an experiment about portable system for CWAs (chemical warfare agents) detection using micro array gas system.CWAs were divided into four typ...Biochemistry weapon is raising new tools of war and terror.This research is an experiment about portable system for CWAs (chemical warfare agents) detection using micro array gas system.CWAs were divided into four types such as blood, nerve,vesicant,and choking agent.To detect various CWAs,semiconductor thick film sensor array based on tin oxide was fabricated and their gas responses were examined.Operating temperature was range of 250℃to 350℃and gas concentration was range of 0.1μg/g to 10μg/g.Sensor array was measured as operating temperatures,concentrations for four simulant agents of CWAs.Extracted parameters from results were carried out classification among CWAs through the principal component analysis (PCA).Also,classification of gases is studied using adaptive resonance theory (ART) that is one of neural network algorithm.Results displayed using PDA system.展开更多
In this review, we summaries the past few year work on the chemistry of CWA’s and their simulants on various heterogeneous surfaces of zeolites, composites of zeolites and doped zeolite with transition metal oxides. ...In this review, we summaries the past few year work on the chemistry of CWA’s and their simulants on various heterogeneous surfaces of zeolites, composites of zeolites and doped zeolite with transition metal oxides. This review elaborates an updated literature overview on the degradation of CWA’s and its simulants. The data written in this review were collected from the peer-reviewed national and international literature.展开更多
We present in this paper a numerical study of the validity limit of the geometrical optics approximation compared with a differential method which is established according to rigorous formalisms based on the electroma...We present in this paper a numerical study of the validity limit of the geometrical optics approximation compared with a differential method which is established according to rigorous formalisms based on the electromagnetic theory. The precedent studies show that this method is adapted to the study of diffraction by periodic rough surfaces. We determine by two methods the emissivity of gold and tungsten for surfaces with a rectangular or sinusoidal profile, for a wavelength equal to 0.55 microns. The monochromatic directional emissivity of these surfaces clearly depends on the angle of incidence, the surface profile, height, period and the nature of the material. We perform our calculations by a method of coupled wave analysis (CWA) and a geometric optics method (GOA). The latter method is theoretically valid only when the dimensions of the cavities are very large compared to the wavelength, while the CWA is theoretically correct whatever these dimensions. The main purpose of this work is to investigate the validity limit of GOA compared with CWA. The obtained results for a fixed height of the grating, allowed us to delimit the validity domain of the optic geometrical approximation for the treated cases. Finally, the agreement between the emissivity calculated by the differential method and that given on the basis of the homogenization theory is satisfactory when the period is much smaller than the wavelength.展开更多
Chemical warfare agents(CWAs)can cause significant harm to health and even death in a very short time even when inhaled in small amounts(~100 mg min/m^(3)).Detection equipment based on conventional techniques,includin...Chemical warfare agents(CWAs)can cause significant harm to health and even death in a very short time even when inhaled in small amounts(~100 mg min/m^(3)).Detection equipment based on conventional techniques,including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,Raman spectroscopy,fluorescence spectroscopy,and ion mobility spectrometry,have the disadvantages of high cost,long detection time,and high power consumption.Rapid,portable,and convenient equipment for target CWAs detection under interference is a challenge.In this study,we propose an alarm system comprising a multitype micro sensor array and a field-programmable gate array-based readout circuit for CWAs simulants detection.Under common volatile organic compound,temperature,and water vapor interference,the proposed multitype sensor-based detection system realizes an alarm function in less than 20 s with thresholds of 1 ppm dimethyl methylphosphonate(DMMP),4.6 ppm 2,2'-dichlorodiethyl ether(DCE),and 20 ppm SO_(2).Furthermore,the proposed detection system was evaluated outside the laboratory and passed the wilderness test,demonstrating its reliability in the atmosphere.We believe that the proposed alarm system will contribute to the development of intelligent,portable,low-cost,and anti-interference CWAs detection technology.展开更多
Metal clusters represent a promising class of catalysts for various reactions,but the simultaneous improvement of their stability and catalytic activity is a longstanding challenge.Herein,we created a stable dual-clus...Metal clusters represent a promising class of catalysts for various reactions,but the simultaneous improvement of their stability and catalytic activity is a longstanding challenge.Herein,we created a stable dual-cluster metal-organic framework(MOF)that featured atomically synergistic bimetallic pair sites colocalized within sub nanometer pockets.The pair sites,consisting of Ni and Mo sites respectively originating from defective MOF and Polyoxometalate(POM)clusters,were rationally constructed by size-matched ligand exchange.The as-obtained dual-cluster MOF(MnMo_(6)-lg-PCN-601)exhibited superior catalytic activity,rate performance(t_(1/2)<1 min,TOF=140 min^(-1)),and stability toward the degradation of the chemical warfare agent simulant 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide(CEES).In-situ Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)studies and density functional theory(DFT)calculations demonstrated that the atomic synergy between colocalized pair sites favored the adsorption and activation of the CEES substrate,moreover,it also promoted H_(2)O_(2) decomposition for the selective oxidation of CEES.Our work opens a new avenue for the construction of stable metal clusters with high catalytic activity for application in various multi-substrate reactions.展开更多
This paper is concerned with the resource allocation problem based on data envelopment analysis （DEA） which is generally found in practice such as in public services and in production process. In management context,...This paper is concerned with the resource allocation problem based on data envelopment analysis （DEA） which is generally found in practice such as in public services and in production process. In management context, the resource allocation has to achieve the effective-efficient-equality aim and tries to balance the different desires of two management layers： central manager and each sector. In mathematical programming context, to solve the resource allocation asks for introducing many optimization techniques such as multiple-objective programming and goal programming. We construct an algorithm framework by using comprehensive DEA tools including CCR, BCC models, inverse DEA model, the most compromising common weights analysis model, and extra resource allocation algorithm. Returns to scale characteristic is put major place for analyzing DMUs＇ scale economies and used to select DMU candidates before resource allocation. By combining extra resource allocation algorithm with scale economies target, we propose a resource allocation solution, which can achieve the effective-efficient-equality target and also provide information for future resource allocation. Many numerical examples are discussed in this paper, which also verify our work.展开更多
文摘Biochemistry weapon is raising new tools of war and terror.This research is an experiment about portable system for CWAs (chemical warfare agents) detection using micro array gas system.CWAs were divided into four types such as blood, nerve,vesicant,and choking agent.To detect various CWAs,semiconductor thick film sensor array based on tin oxide was fabricated and their gas responses were examined.Operating temperature was range of 250℃to 350℃and gas concentration was range of 0.1μg/g to 10μg/g.Sensor array was measured as operating temperatures,concentrations for four simulant agents of CWAs.Extracted parameters from results were carried out classification among CWAs through the principal component analysis (PCA).Also,classification of gases is studied using adaptive resonance theory (ART) that is one of neural network algorithm.Results displayed using PDA system.
文摘In this review, we summaries the past few year work on the chemistry of CWA’s and their simulants on various heterogeneous surfaces of zeolites, composites of zeolites and doped zeolite with transition metal oxides. This review elaborates an updated literature overview on the degradation of CWA’s and its simulants. The data written in this review were collected from the peer-reviewed national and international literature.
文摘We present in this paper a numerical study of the validity limit of the geometrical optics approximation compared with a differential method which is established according to rigorous formalisms based on the electromagnetic theory. The precedent studies show that this method is adapted to the study of diffraction by periodic rough surfaces. We determine by two methods the emissivity of gold and tungsten for surfaces with a rectangular or sinusoidal profile, for a wavelength equal to 0.55 microns. The monochromatic directional emissivity of these surfaces clearly depends on the angle of incidence, the surface profile, height, period and the nature of the material. We perform our calculations by a method of coupled wave analysis (CWA) and a geometric optics method (GOA). The latter method is theoretically valid only when the dimensions of the cavities are very large compared to the wavelength, while the CWA is theoretically correct whatever these dimensions. The main purpose of this work is to investigate the validity limit of GOA compared with CWA. The obtained results for a fixed height of the grating, allowed us to delimit the validity domain of the optic geometrical approximation for the treated cases. Finally, the agreement between the emissivity calculated by the differential method and that given on the basis of the homogenization theory is satisfactory when the period is much smaller than the wavelength.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61671368,62174130)Basic Public Welfare Research Planning Project of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.LGG19F040002)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2021GY-061)the Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices&Integrated Technology,Institute of Microelectronics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,National Defense Foundation of China(Grant Nos.2022-JCJQ-JJ-1099,2022-JCJQ-JJ-1108)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Chemical warfare agents(CWAs)can cause significant harm to health and even death in a very short time even when inhaled in small amounts(~100 mg min/m^(3)).Detection equipment based on conventional techniques,including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,Raman spectroscopy,fluorescence spectroscopy,and ion mobility spectrometry,have the disadvantages of high cost,long detection time,and high power consumption.Rapid,portable,and convenient equipment for target CWAs detection under interference is a challenge.In this study,we propose an alarm system comprising a multitype micro sensor array and a field-programmable gate array-based readout circuit for CWAs simulants detection.Under common volatile organic compound,temperature,and water vapor interference,the proposed multitype sensor-based detection system realizes an alarm function in less than 20 s with thresholds of 1 ppm dimethyl methylphosphonate(DMMP),4.6 ppm 2,2'-dichlorodiethyl ether(DCE),and 20 ppm SO_(2).Furthermore,the proposed detection system was evaluated outside the laboratory and passed the wilderness test,demonstrating its reliability in the atmosphere.We believe that the proposed alarm system will contribute to the development of intelligent,portable,low-cost,and anti-interference CWAs detection technology.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22175155)the opening project of the State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology(Beijing Institute of Technology)(No.KFJJ22-05M)the Science and Technology on Applied Physical Chemistry Laboratory,China(No.6142602230302).
文摘Metal clusters represent a promising class of catalysts for various reactions,but the simultaneous improvement of their stability and catalytic activity is a longstanding challenge.Herein,we created a stable dual-cluster metal-organic framework(MOF)that featured atomically synergistic bimetallic pair sites colocalized within sub nanometer pockets.The pair sites,consisting of Ni and Mo sites respectively originating from defective MOF and Polyoxometalate(POM)clusters,were rationally constructed by size-matched ligand exchange.The as-obtained dual-cluster MOF(MnMo_(6)-lg-PCN-601)exhibited superior catalytic activity,rate performance(t_(1/2)<1 min,TOF=140 min^(-1)),and stability toward the degradation of the chemical warfare agent simulant 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide(CEES).In-situ Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)studies and density functional theory(DFT)calculations demonstrated that the atomic synergy between colocalized pair sites favored the adsorption and activation of the CEES substrate,moreover,it also promoted H_(2)O_(2) decomposition for the selective oxidation of CEES.Our work opens a new avenue for the construction of stable metal clusters with high catalytic activity for application in various multi-substrate reactions.
基金This research is supported by 973 Program under Grant No.2006CB701306
文摘This paper is concerned with the resource allocation problem based on data envelopment analysis （DEA） which is generally found in practice such as in public services and in production process. In management context, the resource allocation has to achieve the effective-efficient-equality aim and tries to balance the different desires of two management layers： central manager and each sector. In mathematical programming context, to solve the resource allocation asks for introducing many optimization techniques such as multiple-objective programming and goal programming. We construct an algorithm framework by using comprehensive DEA tools including CCR, BCC models, inverse DEA model, the most compromising common weights analysis model, and extra resource allocation algorithm. Returns to scale characteristic is put major place for analyzing DMUs＇ scale economies and used to select DMU candidates before resource allocation. By combining extra resource allocation algorithm with scale economies target, we propose a resource allocation solution, which can achieve the effective-efficient-equality target and also provide information for future resource allocation. Many numerical examples are discussed in this paper, which also verify our work.
