For red pear,the anthocyanin content is a crucial factor determining the fruit skin color,which affects consumer preferences.Low overnight temperatures promote anthocyanin accumulation,but the molecular mechanism resp...For red pear,the anthocyanin content is a crucial factor determining the fruit skin color,which affects consumer preferences.Low overnight temperatures promote anthocyanin accumulation,but the molecular mechanism responsible is unclear.In this study,‘Hongzaosu’pear(Pyrus pyrifolia×Pyrus communis)fruit were treated with a low nighttime temperature(LNT,16℃)or a warm nighttime temperature(WNT,26℃),with sampling conducted within two diurnal cycles.The results showed that LNT promoted anthocyanin accumulation in the fruit skin.The structural anthocyanin biosynthetic genes PpCHS,PpF3H,and PpUFGT exhibited a rhythmic increase in expression at night under LNT.To examine the underlying mechanism,RNA sequencing was conducted using pear calli exposed to LNT and WNT for different durations(24,48,72,or 96 h).Transcriptome analysis revealed 285 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)common to all pairwise comparisons of LNT-and WNT-treated calli of‘Clapp's Favorite’(P.communis)at the sampling time points.KEGG pathway and gene ontology enrichment analyses indicated that the common DEGs were enriched in secondary metabolic processes and phenylpropanoid metabolic processes,which are associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis.The transcription factor PpCDF5,which was responsive to LNT,was selected for further study.Dual-luciferase assays showed that PpCDF5 activated the transcription of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes PpMYB10,PpCHS,PpF3H,PpDFR,PpANS,and PpUFGT.The yeast one-hybrid and EMSA assays demonstrated that PpCDF5 directly binds to the PpF3H promoter,which contains an AAAG motif.Overexpression of PpCDF5 in pear calli and transient overexpression in pear fruit both increased anthocyanin accumulation.The results indicate that PpCDF5 is involved in LNT-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in pear fruit and provide insights into the molecular regulation of commercial fruit coloration.展开更多
CO_(2)flooding enhanced oil recovery(CO_(2)-EOR)represents a significant technology in the low permeability reservoir.With the fractures and heterogeneity in low permeability reservoirs,CO_(2)-EOR is susceptible to pe...CO_(2)flooding enhanced oil recovery(CO_(2)-EOR)represents a significant technology in the low permeability reservoir.With the fractures and heterogeneity in low permeability reservoirs,CO_(2)-EOR is susceptible to pessimistic gas channeling.Consequently,there is a need to develop conformance control materials that can be used in CO_(2)-EOR.Herein,to address the challenges of low strength and poor stability of polymer gel in high temperature and low permeability reservoirs,a new organic/metal ion composite crosslinking polymer gel(AR-Gel)is reported,which is formed by low hydrolysis and medium to high molecular weight polymer(CX-305),organic crosslinking agent(phenolic resin),and aluminium citrate(AI(Ⅲ)).The crosslinking of AI(Ⅲ)with carboxyl group and organic/metal ion double crosslinking can construct a more complex and stable polymer gel structure on the basis of traditional chemical crosslinking,to cope with the harsh conditions such as high temperature.The structure-activity relationship of AR-Gel was revealed by rheology behavior and micro-morphology.The applicability of AR-Gel in reservoir was investigated,as was its strength and stability in supercritical CO_(2).The anti-gas channeling and enhanced oil recovery of AR-Gel were investigated using low permeability fractured cores,and the field process parameters were provided.The gel can be used to meet supercritical CO_(2)reservoirs at 110℃and 20,000 mg/L salinity,with long-term stability over 60 days.The plugging rate of AR-Gel for fractured co re was 97%,with subsequent CO_(2)flooding re sulting in an enhanced oil recovery by 34.5%.ARGel can effectively control CO_(2)gas channeling and enhanced oil recovery.It offers a new material with high strength and temperature resistance,which is particularly beneficial in the CO_(2)flooding for the conformance control of oil field.展开更多
The new technology of direct decomposition of H_(2)S into high value-added H_(2) and S,as an alternative to the Claus process in industry,is an ideal route that can not only deal with toxic and abundant H_(2)S waste g...The new technology of direct decomposition of H_(2)S into high value-added H_(2) and S,as an alternative to the Claus process in industry,is an ideal route that can not only deal with toxic and abundant H_(2)S waste gas but also recover clean energy H_(2),which has significant socio-economic and ecological advantages.However,the highly effective decomposition of H_(2)S at low temperatures is still a great challenge,because of the stringent thermodynamic equilibrium constraints(only 20% even at high temperature of 1010℃).Conventional microwave catalysts exhibit unsatisfactory performance at low temperatures(below 600℃).Herein,Mo_(2)C@CeO_(2) catalysts with a core-shell structure were successfully developed for robust microwave catalytic decomposition of H_(2)S at low temperatures.Two carbon precursors,para-phenylenediamine(Mo_(2)C-p)and meta-phenylenediamine(Mo_(2)C-m),were employed to tailor Mo_(2)C configurations.Remarkably,the H_(2)S conversion of Mo_(2)C-p@CeO_(2) catalyst at a low temperature of 550℃ is as high as 92.1%,which is much higher than the H_(2)S equilibrium conversion under the conventional thermal conditions(2.6% at 550℃).To our knowledge,this represents the most active catalyst for microwave catalytic decomposition of H_(2)S at low temperature of 550℃.Notably,Mo_(2)C-p demonstrated superior intrinsic activity(84%)compared to Mo_(2)C-m(6.4%),with XPS analysis revealing that its enhanced performance stems from a higher concentration of Mo_(2+)active sites.This work presents a substitute approach for the efficient utilization of H_(2)S waste gas and opens up a novel avenue for the rational design of microwave catalysts for microwave catalytic reaction at low-temperature.展开更多
ZnAl_(2)O_(4) and ZnAl_(2)O_(4)-based ceramics have attracted much attention from researchers due to their good microwave dielectric,thermal and mechanical properties.In this work,the influence of 5%(in mass)CuO-TiO_(...ZnAl_(2)O_(4) and ZnAl_(2)O_(4)-based ceramics have attracted much attention from researchers due to their good microwave dielectric,thermal and mechanical properties.In this work,the influence of 5%(in mass)CuO-TiO_(2)-Nb_(2)O_(5)(CTN)ternary composite oxide additives with different composition ratios on sintering behavior and properties of ZnAl_(2)O_(4) microwave dielectric ceramics was investigated.When the molar fraction ranges of Cu,Ti and Nb elements in 5%CTN additives are 0.625-0.875,0-0.250 and 0.125-0.625,respectively,sintering temperature of ZnAl_(2)O_(4) ceramics can be reduced from above 1400℃to below 1000℃.The sintering additives CN(Cu:Nb=1:1,molar ratio)and CTN(Cu:Ti:Nb=4:1:3,molar ratio)can reduce sintering temperature of ZnAl_(2)O_(4) ceramics to 975 and 1000℃,respectively,while maintaining good dielectric properties(dielectric constantε_(r)=11.36,quality factor Q׃=8245 GHz andε_(r)=9.52,Q׃=22249 GHz)and flexural strengths(200 and 161 MPa),which are expected to be applied in preparation of low temperature co-fired ceramic(LTCC)materials with copper electrodes.Low-temperature sintering of the ZnAl_(2)O_(4)+CTN system is characterized as activated sintering.Nanometer-level amorphous interfacial films containing Cu,Ti,and Nb elements are observed at the grain boundaries,which may provide fast diffusion pathways for mass transportation during the sintering process.Valence changes of Ti and Cu ions,along with changes of oxygen vacancies,are confirmed,which provides a potential mechanism for reduced sintering temperature of ZnAl_(2)O_(4) ceramics.In addition,a series of reactions occurring at the grain boundaries can activate these boundaries and further promote the sintering densification process.These results suggest a promising way to design a novel LTCC material with excellent properties based on the low temperature sintering of ceramics with the sintering aid of CuO-TiO_(2)-Nb_(2)O_(5) composite oxide.展开更多
Lead-free vacancy-ordered double perovskites have emerged as promising materials for optoelectronic applications due to their environmentally friendly characteristics and exceptional properties.However,conventional sy...Lead-free vacancy-ordered double perovskites have emerged as promising materials for optoelectronic applications due to their environmentally friendly characteristics and exceptional properties.However,conventional synthesis methods often depend on toxic reagents and stringent conditions,limiting their large-scale synthesis and practical application.In this work,an environmentally friendly synthesis route was proposed for preparing vacancy-ordered double perovskites Cs_(2)SnX_(6)(X=Cl,Br,and I)with high crystallinity under low-temperature and ambient-pressure conditions.This method utilizes ion liquid(i.e.,1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride([Bmim]Cl),1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide([Bmim]Br)and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide([Bmim]I))in combination with saturated aqueous solutions of ammonium halides as solvents,replacing traditional hydrogen halide acid or polar organic solvents.Experimental and characterization results demonstrate that the Cs_(2)SnX_(6)(X=Cl,Br,and I)possess high crystallinity,well-defined morphology,and improved thermal stability.These improvements are attributed to the hydrogen bonding interactions between ionic liquids and the perovskite precursors.Additionally,the halogen-rich environment provided by ionic liquids and ammonium halide salts facilitates defect passivation.Furthermore,this method is applicable to the synthesis of doped perovskite crystals,demonstrated by the successful synthesis of Bi-doped Cs_(2)SnCl_(6) crystals with a photoluminescence quantum efficiency of 12.73%.This study presents a novel strategy for synthesizing high-quality vacancy-ordered double perovskites and their doping or alloyed compounds.展开更多
The low cycle fatigue(LCF)behaviors and cyclic deformation mechanisms of 2195 Al-Li alloy were inves-tigated under low temperatures(-20℃and-80℃)and different strain amplitudes(0.6%,0.7%,0.8%,and 1.0%).The LCF stress...The low cycle fatigue(LCF)behaviors and cyclic deformation mechanisms of 2195 Al-Li alloy were inves-tigated under low temperatures(-20℃and-80℃)and different strain amplitudes(0.6%,0.7%,0.8%,and 1.0%).The LCF stress responses under conditions of-20℃&0.6%and-80℃&0.6%exhibited initial cyclic hardening followed by cyclic softening.In contrast,the alloy under other LCF conditions displayed continuous cyclic softening.Notably,the alloy demonstrated reduced LCF life under conditions of-80℃and various strain amplitudes.The fatigue life model based on the total strain energy was developed and proven to be more accurate in predicting fatigue life under diverse LCF conditions.Furthermore,the combined kinematic/isotropic hardening constitutive model exhibited excellent performance in simulat-ing hysteresis loops of the alloy,with corresponding calibration errors all below 14%.Additionally,fatigue fracture surfaces under various LCF conditions consistently exhibited prominent cleavage fracture char-acteristics,and the final fracture zone at-80℃showed increased surface roughness.Finally,the cyclic softening mechanisms were found to be dependent on LCF conditions.The debonding of the interface be-tween the T1 phases and the Al matrix was identified as the primary cyclic softening mechanism under conditions of-20℃&0.6%and-80℃&0.6%.Moreover,the cyclic softening effect under-80℃&1.0%was closely associated with localized shearing of T1 phases.Under-20℃&1.0%,a more pronounced cyclic softening behavior was observed,which was primarily attributed to the continuous shearing of T1 phases.展开更多
The hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate(DMO)to ethanol(Et OH)represents a promising avenue for syngas conversion and plays a pivotal role in advancing sustainable energy economies.Nevertheless,designing catalysts with h...The hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate(DMO)to ethanol(Et OH)represents a promising avenue for syngas conversion and plays a pivotal role in advancing sustainable energy economies.Nevertheless,designing catalysts with high Et OH yields at low temperatures remains a significant challenge.This study introduces an efficient catalyst featuring a rich SiO_(2)-Ni_(3)Mo_(3)N interface,which achieved a remarkable 97.5%Et OH yield at 210°C and 2 MPa.Impressively,an Et OH yield of 95%was also obtained at 210°C and 1.5 MPa.The research demonstrates that the addition of SiO_(2)fosters the development of a rich SiO_(2)-Ni_(3)Mo_(3)N interface,which enhances the concentration of Lewis acid sites(L-acid)and Brønsted acids sites(B-acid)within the catalyst.This enhancement promotes the adsorption of raw material and intermediate products while increasing H_(2)adsorption,thereby boosting the catalyst's deep hydrogenation capacity.Density functional theory(DFT)simulations indicate that SiO2incorporation modifies the catalyst's metal d-band center through electron transfer,increasing its adsorption capability for raw materials and intermediates and facilitating Et OH production.Consequently,this study achieves high Et OH yields at low temperatures,advances the industrialization process of syngas to Et OH conversion,and offers novel insights into constructing highly active catalytic interfaces for DMO hydrogenation.展开更多
Archroma becomes the exclusive global distributor of Fibre52®'s patented chemistry-advancing a new standard in sustainable processing.Combined with Archroma's AVITERA®SE dyes,the partnership delivers...Archroma becomes the exclusive global distributor of Fibre52®'s patented chemistry-advancing a new standard in sustainable processing.Combined with Archroma's AVITERA®SE dyes,the partnership delivers the industry's most resource-efficient bleach-and-dye sys-tems.Archroma,a leading global specialty chemicals company committed to sus-tainable innovation,and Innovo Fiber LLC,owner of the patented Fibre52®system,today announced an exclusive global dis-tribution partnership to expand the reach of Fibre52®'s proven low-temperature,bleaching technology with innovative dyeing application to textile mills and brands worldwide.展开更多
Searching for compatible electrolytes with Ni_(0.8)C_(00.15)Al_(0.05)LiO_(2-δ)(NCAL)electrodes that exhibit high ionic conductivity at low operational temperatures(<550℃)is crucial for advancing ceramics fuel cel...Searching for compatible electrolytes with Ni_(0.8)C_(00.15)Al_(0.05)LiO_(2-δ)(NCAL)electrodes that exhibit high ionic conductivity at low operational temperatures(<550℃)is crucial for advancing ceramics fuel cells(CFCs)research.In this work,the experimental and theoretical analyses demonstrate that the highly stable single-phase Gd_(3)Ga_(5)O_(12)(GGO)garnet structure,composed of Gd-O octahedrons and Ga-O tetrahedrons,provides more active sites for ion transport,resulting in enhanced peak power density(PPD)and stable open circuit voltage(OCV)at low operational temperatures.The unique internal garnet structure effectively reduces the interfacial impedance of the prepared fuel cell device,provides more active sites at triple-phase boundarie region,and increases the electrochemical stability.As a result,the constructed fuel cell device can deliver a superior peak power density of 770 mW/cm^(2)at 490℃.In addition,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,and theoretical calculations further demonstrate electrolyte effectiveness of GGO,enabling stable an OCV even at a low temperature of 370℃under a H_(2)/air environment.This work contributes to a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms of a single-layer fuel cell device,which is essential for advancing this promising energy technology,even at a very low temperature of 370℃.展开更多
The accurate characterization of thermoelectric properties at low temperatures is crucial for the development of high-performance thermoelectric cooling devices. While measurement errors of thermoelectric properties a...The accurate characterization of thermoelectric properties at low temperatures is crucial for the development of high-performance thermoelectric cooling devices. While measurement errors of thermoelectric properties at temperatures above room temperature have been extensively discussed, there is a lack of standard measurement protocols and error analyses for low-temperature transport properties. In this study, we present a measurement system capable of characterizing all three key thermoelectric parameters, i.e., Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity, for a single sample across a temperature range of 10 K to 300 K. We investigated six representative commercial Bi_(2)Te_(3)-based samples(three N-type and three P-type). Using an error propagation model, we systematically analyzed the measurement uncertainties of the three intrinsic parameters and the resulting thermoelectric figure of merit. Our findings reveal that measurement uncertainties for both N-type and P-type Bi_(2)Te_(3)-based materials can be effectively maintained below 5% in the temperature range of 40 K to 300 K. However, the uncertainties increase to over 10% at lower temperatures, primarily due to the relatively smaller values of electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficients in this regime. This work establishes foundational data for Bi_(2)Te_(3)-based thermoelectric materials and provides a framework for broader investigations of advanced low-temperature thermoelectrics.展开更多
To improve the low-temperature performances of Li-ion cells, three types of linear carboxylic ester-based electrolyte, such as EC/EMC/EA（1：1：2, mass ratio）, EC/EMC/EP（1：1：2, mass ratio） and EC/EMC/EB（1：1：2,...To improve the low-temperature performances of Li-ion cells, three types of linear carboxylic ester-based electrolyte, such as EC/EMC/EA（1：1：2, mass ratio）, EC/EMC/EP（1：1：2, mass ratio） and EC/EMC/EB（1：1：2, mass ratio）, were prepared to substitute for industrial electrolyte（EC/EMC/DMC）. Then, 18650-type Li Mn2O4-graphite cells（nominal capacity of 1150 mA ·h） were assembled and studied. Results show that the cells containing three types of electrolyte are able to undertake 5C discharging current with above 93% capacity retention at-20 °C. Electrochemical impedance spectra show that the discharge capacity fading of Li-ion cells at low temperature is mainly ascribed to the charge transfer resistance increasing with temperature decreasing. In comparison, the cells containing electrolyte of 1.0 mol/L LiPF6 in EC/EMC/EA（1：1：2, mass ratio） have the highest capacity retention of 90% at-40 °C and 44.41% at-60 °C, due to its lowest charge-transfer resistance.展开更多
Polythiophene （PTP） was prepared by a chemical oxidative polymerization and nanosized WO3 was prepared by a colloidal chemical method. The organic-inorganic PTP/WO3 hybrids with different mass fractions of PTP were ...Polythiophene （PTP） was prepared by a chemical oxidative polymerization and nanosized WO3 was prepared by a colloidal chemical method. The organic-inorganic PTP/WO3 hybrids with different mass fractions of PTP were obtained by a simple mechanically mixing the prepared PTP and WO3. The as-prepared PTP/WO3 hybrids have a higher thermal stability than the pure PTP. The gas sensing measurements demonstrate that the PTP/WO3 hybrid sensors exhibit higher response for detecting NO2 at low temperature than the pure PTP and WO3 sensor. The sensing mechanism is suggested to be related to the existence of p-n heterojunctions in the PTP/WO3 hybrids. The response of the PTP/WO3 hybrids is markedly influenced by the PTP mass fraction. The 20% PTP/WO3 hybrid shows high response and good selectivity to NO2 at low temperature （〈90℃）. Therefore, the PTP/WO3 hybrids can be expected to be potentially used as gas sensor material for detecting NO2 at low temperature.展开更多
A molten salt method was developed to prepare porous La1‐xSrxMn0.8Fe0.2O3 （0≤ x ≤ 0.6） micro‐spheres using hierarchical porous δ‐MnO2 microspheres as a template in eutectic NaNO3‐KNO3. X‐ray diffraction patt...A molten salt method was developed to prepare porous La1‐xSrxMn0.8Fe0.2O3 （0≤ x ≤ 0.6） micro‐spheres using hierarchical porous δ‐MnO2 microspheres as a template in eutectic NaNO3‐KNO3. X‐ray diffraction patterns showed that single phase LaMn0.8Fe0.2O3 with good crystallinity was syn‐thesized at 450℃ after 4 h. Transmission electron microscope images exhibited that the LaMn0.8Fe0.2O3 sample obtained at 450？？ after 4 h possessed a porous spherical morphology com‐posed of aggregated nanocrystallites. Field emission scanning electron microscope images indicated that the growth of the porous LaMn0.8Fe0.2O3 microspheres has two stages. SEM pictures showed that a higher calcination temperature than 450？？ had an adverse effect on the formation of a po‐rous spherical structure. The LaMn0.8Fe0.2O3 sample obtained at 450？？ after 4 h displayed a high BET surface area of 55.73 m2/g with a pore size of 9.38 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectra suggested that Sr2＋ions entered the A sites and induced a decrease of the binding energy between Mn and O. The CO conversion with the La1‐xSrxMn0.8Fe0.2O3 （0≤x≤0.6） samples indicated that the La0.4Sr0.6Mn0.8Fe0.2O3 sample had the best catalytic activity and stability. Further analysis by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated that Sr2＋doping altered the content of Mn4＋ions, oxygen vacancies and adsorbed oxygen species on the surface, which affected the catalytic performance for CO oxidation.展开更多
To evaluate the effects of solar greenhouse with different structure and CO2 enrichment on illumination and temperature performance of greenhouse and cucumber growth and development in the central region of Inner Mong...To evaluate the effects of solar greenhouse with different structure and CO2 enrichment on illumination and temperature performance of greenhouse and cucumber growth and development in the central region of Inner Mongolia, the research used traditional solar greenhouse （A） and blanket-inside solar greenhouse（B）, and set 4 treatments： AE （traditional solar greenhouse A with CO2 enrichment）, AN （traditional solar greenhouse A without CO2 enrichment）, BE （blanket-inside solar greenhouse B with CO2 enrichment） and BN （blanket-inside solar greenhouse B without CO2 enrichment）, to explore the influence of cucumber growth, photosynthetic property, quality and yield in different structure solar greenhouses with CO2 enrichment. The results showed that the illumination and temperature in blanket-inside solar greenhouse was superior to traditional solar greenhouse, and the average light intensity in blanket-inside solar greenhouse increased by 21.05%, compared with traditional solar greenhouse. Under the condition of same greenhouse structure, stem height ,average stem diameter, contents of soluble sugar, vitamin C, net photosynthetic rate and yield showed any significant difference between the treatments with CO2 enrichment or not. Under the condition of same CO2 concentration, BE cucumber average stem height, average stem diameter, contents of soluble sugar, net photosynthetic rate and yield in BE was higher than which in AE. Therefore, the optimization in structure of blanket-inside solar greenhouse remarkably improved illumination and temperature property, combining with CO2 enrichment as application technology, there was crucial significance to promote the greenhouse performance and improve the efficiency of greenhouse vegetable production.展开更多
Two anaerobic ammonia oxidation(anammox)systems,one with adding nano-scale zerovalent iron modified biochar(nZVI@BC)and the other with adding biochar,were constructed to explore the feasibility of nZVI@BC for enhancin...Two anaerobic ammonia oxidation(anammox)systems,one with adding nano-scale zerovalent iron modified biochar(nZVI@BC)and the other with adding biochar,were constructed to explore the feasibility of nZVI@BC for enhancing the resistance of low-nitrogen anammox processes to low temperatures.The results showed that the average nitrogen removal efficiency with nZVI@BC addition at lowtemperatureswas maintained at about 80%,while that with biochar addition gradually decreased to 69.49%.The heme-c content of biomass with nZVI@BC was significantly higher by 36.60%-91.45%.Additional,nZVI@BC addition resulted in more extracellular polymeric substances,better biomass granulation,and a higher abundance of anammox bacteria.In particularly,anammox genes hzsA/B/C,hzo and hdh played a pivotal role in maintaining nitrogen removal performance at 15℃.These findings suggest that nZVI@BC has the potential to enhance the resistance of low-nitrogen anammox processes to low temperatures,making it a valuable approach for practical applications in low-nitrogen and low-temperature wastewater treatment.展开更多
Developing efficient supported Pd catalysts and understanding their catalytic mechanism in CO oxidation are challenging research topics in recent years.This paper describes the synthesis of Pd nanoparticles supported ...Developing efficient supported Pd catalysts and understanding their catalytic mechanism in CO oxidation are challenging research topics in recent years.This paper describes the synthesis of Pd nanoparticles supported on CeO2 nanotubes via an alcohol reduction method.The effect of the support morphology on the catalytic reaction was explored.Subsequently,the performance of the prepared catalysts was investigated toward CO oxidation reaction and characterized by Nitrogen sorption,X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and CO-temperature-programmed desorption techniques.The results indicated that the catalyst of Pd on CeO2 nanotubes exhibits excellent activity in CO oxidation at low temperatures,due to its large surface area,the high dispersion of Pd species,the mesoporous and tubular structure of the CeO2-nanotube support,the abundant Ce3＋,formation of Pd–O–Ce bonding,and enhanced metal–support interaction on the catalyst surface.展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)face significant limitations in low-temperature environments,with the slow interfacial de-solvation process and the hindered Li+transport through the interphase layer emerging as key obstacl...Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)face significant limitations in low-temperature environments,with the slow interfacial de-solvation process and the hindered Li+transport through the interphase layer emerging as key obstacles beyond the issue of ionic conductivity.This investigation unveils a novel formulation that constructs an anion-rich solvation sheath within strong solvents,effectively addressing all three of these challenges to bolster low-temperature performance.The developed electrolyte,characterized by an enhanced concentration of contact ion pairs(CIPs)and aggregates(AGGs),facilitates the formation of an inorganic-rich interphase layer on the anode and cathode particles.This promotes de-solvation at low temperatures and stabilizes the electrode-electrolyte interphase.Full cells composed of LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)(NCM622)and graphite,when equipped with this electrolyte,showcase remarkable cycle stability and capacity retention,with 93.3% retention after 500 cycles at room temperature(RT)and 95.5%after 120 cycles at -20℃.This study validates the utility of the anion-rich solvation sheath in strong solvents as a strategy for the development of low-temperature electrolytes.展开更多
Low temperature(LT)in spring has become one of the principal abiotic stresses that restrict the growth and development of wheat.Diverse analyses were performed to investigate the mechanism underlying the response of w...Low temperature(LT)in spring has become one of the principal abiotic stresses that restrict the growth and development of wheat.Diverse analyses were performed to investigate the mechanism underlying the response of wheat grain development to LT stress during booting.These included morphological observation,measurements of starch synthase activity,and determination of amylose and amylopectin content of wheat grain after exposure to treatment with LT during booting.Additionally,proteomic analysis was performed using tandem mass tags(TMT).Results showed that the plumpness of wheat grains decreased after LT stress.Moreover,the activities of sucrose synthase(SuS,EC 2.4.1.13)and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase(AGPase,EC 2.7.7.27)exhibited a significant reduction,leading to a significant reduction in the contents of amylose and amylopectin.A total of 509 differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)were identified by proteomics analysis.The Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis showed that the protein difference multiple in the nutritional repository activity was the largest among the molecular functions,and the up-regulated seed storage protein(ssP)played an active role in the response of grains to LT stress and subsequent damage.The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis showed that LT stress reduced the expression of DEPs such as sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS),glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase(glgC),andβ-fructofuranosidase(FFase)in sucrose and starch metabolic pathways,thus affecting the synthesis of grain starch.In addition,many heat shock proteins(HsPs)were found in the protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum pathways,which can resist some damage caused by LT stress.These findings provide a new theoretical foundation for elucidating the underlying mechanism governing wheat yield developmentafterexposuretoLTstress inspring.展开更多
The use of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries is limited by sulfur redox reactions involving multi-phase transformations,especially at low-temperatures.To address this issue,we report a material(FCNS@NCFs)consisting of nit...The use of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries is limited by sulfur redox reactions involving multi-phase transformations,especially at low-temperatures.To address this issue,we report a material(FCNS@NCFs)consisting of nitrogen-doped carbon fibers loaded with a ternary metal sulf-ide((Fe,Co,Ni)_(9)S_(8))for use as the sulfur host in Li-S batteries.This materi-al was prepared using transfer blot filter paper as the carbon precursor,thiourea as the source of nitrogen and sulfur,and FeCl_(3)·6H_(2)O,CoCl_(2)·6H_(2)O and NiCl_(2)·6H_(2)O as the metal ion sources.It was synthesized by an impreg-nation method followed by calcination.The nitrogen doping significantly in-creased the conductivity of the host,and the metal sulfides have excellent catalytic activities.Theoretical calculations,and adsorption and deposition experiments show that active sites on the surface of FCNS@NCFs selectively adsorb polysulfides,facilitate rapid adsorption and conversion,prevent cathode passivation and inhib-it the polysulfide shuttling.The FCNS@NCFs used as the sulfur host has excellent electrochemical properties.Its initial dis-charge capacity is 1639.0 mAh g^(−1) at 0.2 C and room temperature,and it remains a capacity of 1255.1 mAh g^(−1) after 100 cycles.At−20~C,it has an initial discharge capacity of 1578.5 mAh g^(−1) at 0.2 C,with a capacity of 867.5 mAh g^(−1) after 100 cycles.Its excellent performance at both ambient and low temperatures suggests a new way to produce high-performance low-temper-ature Li-S batteries.展开更多
Ce-ZrO2 is a widely used three-way catalyst support. Because of the large surface area and excellent redox quality, Ce-ZrO2 may have potential application in selective catalytic reduction （SCR） systems. In the prese...Ce-ZrO2 is a widely used three-way catalyst support. Because of the large surface area and excellent redox quality, Ce-ZrO2 may have potential application in selective catalytic reduction （SCR） systems. In the present work, Ce-ZrO2 was introduced into a low-temperature SCR system and CeO2 and ZrO2 supports were also introduced to make a contrastive study. Mn/CeO2, Mn/ZrO2 and Mn/Ce-ZrO2 were prepared by impregnating these supports with Mn（NO3）2 solution, and have been characterized by N2-BET, XRD, TPR, TPD, XPS, FT-IR and TG. The activity and resistance to SO2 and H2O of the catalysts were investigated. Mn/Ce-ZrO2 and Mn/CeO2 were proved to have better low-temperature activities than Mn/ZrO2, and yielded 98.6% and 96.8% NO conversion at 180℃, respectively. This is mainly because Mn/Ce-ZrO2 and Mn/CeO2 had higher dispersion of manganese oxides, better redox properties and more weakly adsorbed oxygen species than Mn/ZrO2. In addition, Mn/Ce-ZrO2 showed a good resistance to SO2 and H2O and presented 87.1% NO conversion, even under SO2 and H2O treatment for 6 hours, and the activity of Mn/Ce-ZrO2 was almost restored to its original level after cutting off the injection of SO2 and H2O. This was due to the weak water absorption and weak sulfation process on the surface of the catalyst.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32072545,32272639 and 32260745)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.LTGN23C150009 and LY22C150003)Zhejiang University Experimental Technology Research Project(Grant No.SYBJS202217).
文摘For red pear,the anthocyanin content is a crucial factor determining the fruit skin color,which affects consumer preferences.Low overnight temperatures promote anthocyanin accumulation,but the molecular mechanism responsible is unclear.In this study,‘Hongzaosu’pear(Pyrus pyrifolia×Pyrus communis)fruit were treated with a low nighttime temperature(LNT,16℃)or a warm nighttime temperature(WNT,26℃),with sampling conducted within two diurnal cycles.The results showed that LNT promoted anthocyanin accumulation in the fruit skin.The structural anthocyanin biosynthetic genes PpCHS,PpF3H,and PpUFGT exhibited a rhythmic increase in expression at night under LNT.To examine the underlying mechanism,RNA sequencing was conducted using pear calli exposed to LNT and WNT for different durations(24,48,72,or 96 h).Transcriptome analysis revealed 285 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)common to all pairwise comparisons of LNT-and WNT-treated calli of‘Clapp's Favorite’(P.communis)at the sampling time points.KEGG pathway and gene ontology enrichment analyses indicated that the common DEGs were enriched in secondary metabolic processes and phenylpropanoid metabolic processes,which are associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis.The transcription factor PpCDF5,which was responsive to LNT,was selected for further study.Dual-luciferase assays showed that PpCDF5 activated the transcription of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes PpMYB10,PpCHS,PpF3H,PpDFR,PpANS,and PpUFGT.The yeast one-hybrid and EMSA assays demonstrated that PpCDF5 directly binds to the PpF3H promoter,which contains an AAAG motif.Overexpression of PpCDF5 in pear calli and transient overexpression in pear fruit both increased anthocyanin accumulation.The results indicate that PpCDF5 is involved in LNT-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in pear fruit and provide insights into the molecular regulation of commercial fruit coloration.
基金project was supported by the Fund of State Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas,China University of Petroleum(East China)(No.SKLDOG2024-ZYRC-06)Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(52130401)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52104055,52374058)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(ZR2021ME171,ZR2024YQ043)。
文摘CO_(2)flooding enhanced oil recovery(CO_(2)-EOR)represents a significant technology in the low permeability reservoir.With the fractures and heterogeneity in low permeability reservoirs,CO_(2)-EOR is susceptible to pessimistic gas channeling.Consequently,there is a need to develop conformance control materials that can be used in CO_(2)-EOR.Herein,to address the challenges of low strength and poor stability of polymer gel in high temperature and low permeability reservoirs,a new organic/metal ion composite crosslinking polymer gel(AR-Gel)is reported,which is formed by low hydrolysis and medium to high molecular weight polymer(CX-305),organic crosslinking agent(phenolic resin),and aluminium citrate(AI(Ⅲ)).The crosslinking of AI(Ⅲ)with carboxyl group and organic/metal ion double crosslinking can construct a more complex and stable polymer gel structure on the basis of traditional chemical crosslinking,to cope with the harsh conditions such as high temperature.The structure-activity relationship of AR-Gel was revealed by rheology behavior and micro-morphology.The applicability of AR-Gel in reservoir was investigated,as was its strength and stability in supercritical CO_(2).The anti-gas channeling and enhanced oil recovery of AR-Gel were investigated using low permeability fractured cores,and the field process parameters were provided.The gel can be used to meet supercritical CO_(2)reservoirs at 110℃and 20,000 mg/L salinity,with long-term stability over 60 days.The plugging rate of AR-Gel for fractured co re was 97%,with subsequent CO_(2)flooding re sulting in an enhanced oil recovery by 34.5%.ARGel can effectively control CO_(2)gas channeling and enhanced oil recovery.It offers a new material with high strength and temperature resistance,which is particularly beneficial in the CO_(2)flooding for the conformance control of oil field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22178295,21706225)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2025JJ50085)Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center of New Chemical Technologies for Environmental Benignity and Efficient Resource Utilization.
文摘The new technology of direct decomposition of H_(2)S into high value-added H_(2) and S,as an alternative to the Claus process in industry,is an ideal route that can not only deal with toxic and abundant H_(2)S waste gas but also recover clean energy H_(2),which has significant socio-economic and ecological advantages.However,the highly effective decomposition of H_(2)S at low temperatures is still a great challenge,because of the stringent thermodynamic equilibrium constraints(only 20% even at high temperature of 1010℃).Conventional microwave catalysts exhibit unsatisfactory performance at low temperatures(below 600℃).Herein,Mo_(2)C@CeO_(2) catalysts with a core-shell structure were successfully developed for robust microwave catalytic decomposition of H_(2)S at low temperatures.Two carbon precursors,para-phenylenediamine(Mo_(2)C-p)and meta-phenylenediamine(Mo_(2)C-m),were employed to tailor Mo_(2)C configurations.Remarkably,the H_(2)S conversion of Mo_(2)C-p@CeO_(2) catalyst at a low temperature of 550℃ is as high as 92.1%,which is much higher than the H_(2)S equilibrium conversion under the conventional thermal conditions(2.6% at 550℃).To our knowledge,this represents the most active catalyst for microwave catalytic decomposition of H_(2)S at low temperature of 550℃.Notably,Mo_(2)C-p demonstrated superior intrinsic activity(84%)compared to Mo_(2)C-m(6.4%),with XPS analysis revealing that its enhanced performance stems from a higher concentration of Mo_(2+)active sites.This work presents a substitute approach for the efficient utilization of H_(2)S waste gas and opens up a novel avenue for the rational design of microwave catalysts for microwave catalytic reaction at low-temperature.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (U24A2052)Shanghai Eastern Talent Plan。
文摘ZnAl_(2)O_(4) and ZnAl_(2)O_(4)-based ceramics have attracted much attention from researchers due to their good microwave dielectric,thermal and mechanical properties.In this work,the influence of 5%(in mass)CuO-TiO_(2)-Nb_(2)O_(5)(CTN)ternary composite oxide additives with different composition ratios on sintering behavior and properties of ZnAl_(2)O_(4) microwave dielectric ceramics was investigated.When the molar fraction ranges of Cu,Ti and Nb elements in 5%CTN additives are 0.625-0.875,0-0.250 and 0.125-0.625,respectively,sintering temperature of ZnAl_(2)O_(4) ceramics can be reduced from above 1400℃to below 1000℃.The sintering additives CN(Cu:Nb=1:1,molar ratio)and CTN(Cu:Ti:Nb=4:1:3,molar ratio)can reduce sintering temperature of ZnAl_(2)O_(4) ceramics to 975 and 1000℃,respectively,while maintaining good dielectric properties(dielectric constantε_(r)=11.36,quality factor Q׃=8245 GHz andε_(r)=9.52,Q׃=22249 GHz)and flexural strengths(200 and 161 MPa),which are expected to be applied in preparation of low temperature co-fired ceramic(LTCC)materials with copper electrodes.Low-temperature sintering of the ZnAl_(2)O_(4)+CTN system is characterized as activated sintering.Nanometer-level amorphous interfacial films containing Cu,Ti,and Nb elements are observed at the grain boundaries,which may provide fast diffusion pathways for mass transportation during the sintering process.Valence changes of Ti and Cu ions,along with changes of oxygen vacancies,are confirmed,which provides a potential mechanism for reduced sintering temperature of ZnAl_(2)O_(4) ceramics.In addition,a series of reactions occurring at the grain boundaries can activate these boundaries and further promote the sintering densification process.These results suggest a promising way to design a novel LTCC material with excellent properties based on the low temperature sintering of ceramics with the sintering aid of CuO-TiO_(2)-Nb_(2)O_(5) composite oxide.
基金financially supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation,China(Nos.2254087 and 2242008)the Beijing Information Science and Technology University Foundation,China(No.1925008)Beijing Information Science and Technology University Young Faculty Support Program,China(No.YBT202411).
文摘Lead-free vacancy-ordered double perovskites have emerged as promising materials for optoelectronic applications due to their environmentally friendly characteristics and exceptional properties.However,conventional synthesis methods often depend on toxic reagents and stringent conditions,limiting their large-scale synthesis and practical application.In this work,an environmentally friendly synthesis route was proposed for preparing vacancy-ordered double perovskites Cs_(2)SnX_(6)(X=Cl,Br,and I)with high crystallinity under low-temperature and ambient-pressure conditions.This method utilizes ion liquid(i.e.,1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride([Bmim]Cl),1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide([Bmim]Br)and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide([Bmim]I))in combination with saturated aqueous solutions of ammonium halides as solvents,replacing traditional hydrogen halide acid or polar organic solvents.Experimental and characterization results demonstrate that the Cs_(2)SnX_(6)(X=Cl,Br,and I)possess high crystallinity,well-defined morphology,and improved thermal stability.These improvements are attributed to the hydrogen bonding interactions between ionic liquids and the perovskite precursors.Additionally,the halogen-rich environment provided by ionic liquids and ammonium halide salts facilitates defect passivation.Furthermore,this method is applicable to the synthesis of doped perovskite crystals,demonstrated by the successful synthesis of Bi-doped Cs_(2)SnCl_(6) crystals with a photoluminescence quantum efficiency of 12.73%.This study presents a novel strategy for synthesizing high-quality vacancy-ordered double perovskites and their doping or alloyed compounds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20626)the Key Research and Devel-opment Program of Shandong Province(2021ZLGX01)the Project of Colleges and Universities Innovation Team of Jinan City(2021GXRC030).
文摘The low cycle fatigue(LCF)behaviors and cyclic deformation mechanisms of 2195 Al-Li alloy were inves-tigated under low temperatures(-20℃and-80℃)and different strain amplitudes(0.6%,0.7%,0.8%,and 1.0%).The LCF stress responses under conditions of-20℃&0.6%and-80℃&0.6%exhibited initial cyclic hardening followed by cyclic softening.In contrast,the alloy under other LCF conditions displayed continuous cyclic softening.Notably,the alloy demonstrated reduced LCF life under conditions of-80℃and various strain amplitudes.The fatigue life model based on the total strain energy was developed and proven to be more accurate in predicting fatigue life under diverse LCF conditions.Furthermore,the combined kinematic/isotropic hardening constitutive model exhibited excellent performance in simulat-ing hysteresis loops of the alloy,with corresponding calibration errors all below 14%.Additionally,fatigue fracture surfaces under various LCF conditions consistently exhibited prominent cleavage fracture char-acteristics,and the final fracture zone at-80℃showed increased surface roughness.Finally,the cyclic softening mechanisms were found to be dependent on LCF conditions.The debonding of the interface be-tween the T1 phases and the Al matrix was identified as the primary cyclic softening mechanism under conditions of-20℃&0.6%and-80℃&0.6%.Moreover,the cyclic softening effect under-80℃&1.0%was closely associated with localized shearing of T1 phases.Under-20℃&1.0%,a more pronounced cyclic softening behavior was observed,which was primarily attributed to the continuous shearing of T1 phases.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21962015)the Bingtuan Graduate Innovation Project 2024(No.BTYJXM-2024-K12)。
文摘The hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate(DMO)to ethanol(Et OH)represents a promising avenue for syngas conversion and plays a pivotal role in advancing sustainable energy economies.Nevertheless,designing catalysts with high Et OH yields at low temperatures remains a significant challenge.This study introduces an efficient catalyst featuring a rich SiO_(2)-Ni_(3)Mo_(3)N interface,which achieved a remarkable 97.5%Et OH yield at 210°C and 2 MPa.Impressively,an Et OH yield of 95%was also obtained at 210°C and 1.5 MPa.The research demonstrates that the addition of SiO_(2)fosters the development of a rich SiO_(2)-Ni_(3)Mo_(3)N interface,which enhances the concentration of Lewis acid sites(L-acid)and Brønsted acids sites(B-acid)within the catalyst.This enhancement promotes the adsorption of raw material and intermediate products while increasing H_(2)adsorption,thereby boosting the catalyst's deep hydrogenation capacity.Density functional theory(DFT)simulations indicate that SiO2incorporation modifies the catalyst's metal d-band center through electron transfer,increasing its adsorption capability for raw materials and intermediates and facilitating Et OH production.Consequently,this study achieves high Et OH yields at low temperatures,advances the industrialization process of syngas to Et OH conversion,and offers novel insights into constructing highly active catalytic interfaces for DMO hydrogenation.
文摘Archroma becomes the exclusive global distributor of Fibre52®'s patented chemistry-advancing a new standard in sustainable processing.Combined with Archroma's AVITERA®SE dyes,the partnership delivers the industry's most resource-efficient bleach-and-dye sys-tems.Archroma,a leading global specialty chemicals company committed to sus-tainable innovation,and Innovo Fiber LLC,owner of the patented Fibre52®system,today announced an exclusive global dis-tribution partnership to expand the reach of Fibre52®'s proven low-temperature,bleaching technology with innovative dyeing application to textile mills and brands worldwide.
基金supported by the Jiangsu Fundamental Research Program(JSSCRC2021491)Ongoing Research Funding Program(ORF-2025-391)。
文摘Searching for compatible electrolytes with Ni_(0.8)C_(00.15)Al_(0.05)LiO_(2-δ)(NCAL)electrodes that exhibit high ionic conductivity at low operational temperatures(<550℃)is crucial for advancing ceramics fuel cells(CFCs)research.In this work,the experimental and theoretical analyses demonstrate that the highly stable single-phase Gd_(3)Ga_(5)O_(12)(GGO)garnet structure,composed of Gd-O octahedrons and Ga-O tetrahedrons,provides more active sites for ion transport,resulting in enhanced peak power density(PPD)and stable open circuit voltage(OCV)at low operational temperatures.The unique internal garnet structure effectively reduces the interfacial impedance of the prepared fuel cell device,provides more active sites at triple-phase boundarie region,and increases the electrochemical stability.As a result,the constructed fuel cell device can deliver a superior peak power density of 770 mW/cm^(2)at 490℃.In addition,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,and theoretical calculations further demonstrate electrolyte effectiveness of GGO,enabling stable an OCV even at a low temperature of 370℃under a H_(2)/air environment.This work contributes to a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms of a single-layer fuel cell device,which is essential for advancing this promising energy technology,even at a very low temperature of 370℃.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52172259)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2021YFA0718700 and 2022YFB3803900)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Inner Mongolia Normal University (Grant No. 2022JBTD008)。
文摘The accurate characterization of thermoelectric properties at low temperatures is crucial for the development of high-performance thermoelectric cooling devices. While measurement errors of thermoelectric properties at temperatures above room temperature have been extensively discussed, there is a lack of standard measurement protocols and error analyses for low-temperature transport properties. In this study, we present a measurement system capable of characterizing all three key thermoelectric parameters, i.e., Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity, for a single sample across a temperature range of 10 K to 300 K. We investigated six representative commercial Bi_(2)Te_(3)-based samples(three N-type and three P-type). Using an error propagation model, we systematically analyzed the measurement uncertainties of the three intrinsic parameters and the resulting thermoelectric figure of merit. Our findings reveal that measurement uncertainties for both N-type and P-type Bi_(2)Te_(3)-based materials can be effectively maintained below 5% in the temperature range of 40 K to 300 K. However, the uncertainties increase to over 10% at lower temperatures, primarily due to the relatively smaller values of electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficients in this regime. This work establishes foundational data for Bi_(2)Te_(3)-based thermoelectric materials and provides a framework for broader investigations of advanced low-temperature thermoelectrics.
基金Project(2007BAE12B01)supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(20803095)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘To improve the low-temperature performances of Li-ion cells, three types of linear carboxylic ester-based electrolyte, such as EC/EMC/EA（1：1：2, mass ratio）, EC/EMC/EP（1：1：2, mass ratio） and EC/EMC/EB（1：1：2, mass ratio）, were prepared to substitute for industrial electrolyte（EC/EMC/DMC）. Then, 18650-type Li Mn2O4-graphite cells（nominal capacity of 1150 mA ·h） were assembled and studied. Results show that the cells containing three types of electrolyte are able to undertake 5C discharging current with above 93% capacity retention at-20 °C. Electrochemical impedance spectra show that the discharge capacity fading of Li-ion cells at low temperature is mainly ascribed to the charge transfer resistance increasing with temperature decreasing. In comparison, the cells containing electrolyte of 1.0 mol/L LiPF6 in EC/EMC/EA（1：1：2, mass ratio） have the highest capacity retention of 90% at-40 °C and 44.41% at-60 °C, due to its lowest charge-transfer resistance.
基金Foundation item: Project (21171099) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects (09JCYBJC03600,10JCYBJC03900) supported by Technology Commission Foundation of Tianjin,China
文摘Polythiophene （PTP） was prepared by a chemical oxidative polymerization and nanosized WO3 was prepared by a colloidal chemical method. The organic-inorganic PTP/WO3 hybrids with different mass fractions of PTP were obtained by a simple mechanically mixing the prepared PTP and WO3. The as-prepared PTP/WO3 hybrids have a higher thermal stability than the pure PTP. The gas sensing measurements demonstrate that the PTP/WO3 hybrid sensors exhibit higher response for detecting NO2 at low temperature than the pure PTP and WO3 sensor. The sensing mechanism is suggested to be related to the existence of p-n heterojunctions in the PTP/WO3 hybrids. The response of the PTP/WO3 hybrids is markedly influenced by the PTP mass fraction. The 20% PTP/WO3 hybrid shows high response and good selectivity to NO2 at low temperature （〈90℃）. Therefore, the PTP/WO3 hybrids can be expected to be potentially used as gas sensor material for detecting NO2 at low temperature.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China (51202171)~~
文摘A molten salt method was developed to prepare porous La1‐xSrxMn0.8Fe0.2O3 （0≤ x ≤ 0.6） micro‐spheres using hierarchical porous δ‐MnO2 microspheres as a template in eutectic NaNO3‐KNO3. X‐ray diffraction patterns showed that single phase LaMn0.8Fe0.2O3 with good crystallinity was syn‐thesized at 450℃ after 4 h. Transmission electron microscope images exhibited that the LaMn0.8Fe0.2O3 sample obtained at 450？？ after 4 h possessed a porous spherical morphology com‐posed of aggregated nanocrystallites. Field emission scanning electron microscope images indicated that the growth of the porous LaMn0.8Fe0.2O3 microspheres has two stages. SEM pictures showed that a higher calcination temperature than 450？？ had an adverse effect on the formation of a po‐rous spherical structure. The LaMn0.8Fe0.2O3 sample obtained at 450？？ after 4 h displayed a high BET surface area of 55.73 m2/g with a pore size of 9.38 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectra suggested that Sr2＋ions entered the A sites and induced a decrease of the binding energy between Mn and O. The CO conversion with the La1‐xSrxMn0.8Fe0.2O3 （0≤x≤0.6） samples indicated that the La0.4Sr0.6Mn0.8Fe0.2O3 sample had the best catalytic activity and stability. Further analysis by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated that Sr2＋doping altered the content of Mn4＋ions, oxygen vacancies and adsorbed oxygen species on the surface, which affected the catalytic performance for CO oxidation.
文摘To evaluate the effects of solar greenhouse with different structure and CO2 enrichment on illumination and temperature performance of greenhouse and cucumber growth and development in the central region of Inner Mongolia, the research used traditional solar greenhouse （A） and blanket-inside solar greenhouse（B）, and set 4 treatments： AE （traditional solar greenhouse A with CO2 enrichment）, AN （traditional solar greenhouse A without CO2 enrichment）, BE （blanket-inside solar greenhouse B with CO2 enrichment） and BN （blanket-inside solar greenhouse B without CO2 enrichment）, to explore the influence of cucumber growth, photosynthetic property, quality and yield in different structure solar greenhouses with CO2 enrichment. The results showed that the illumination and temperature in blanket-inside solar greenhouse was superior to traditional solar greenhouse, and the average light intensity in blanket-inside solar greenhouse increased by 21.05%, compared with traditional solar greenhouse. Under the condition of same greenhouse structure, stem height ,average stem diameter, contents of soluble sugar, vitamin C, net photosynthetic rate and yield showed any significant difference between the treatments with CO2 enrichment or not. Under the condition of same CO2 concentration, BE cucumber average stem height, average stem diameter, contents of soluble sugar, net photosynthetic rate and yield in BE was higher than which in AE. Therefore, the optimization in structure of blanket-inside solar greenhouse remarkably improved illumination and temperature property, combining with CO2 enrichment as application technology, there was crucial significance to promote the greenhouse performance and improve the efficiency of greenhouse vegetable production.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M671624)the State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse(No.PCRRF20011).
文摘Two anaerobic ammonia oxidation(anammox)systems,one with adding nano-scale zerovalent iron modified biochar(nZVI@BC)and the other with adding biochar,were constructed to explore the feasibility of nZVI@BC for enhancing the resistance of low-nitrogen anammox processes to low temperatures.The results showed that the average nitrogen removal efficiency with nZVI@BC addition at lowtemperatureswas maintained at about 80%,while that with biochar addition gradually decreased to 69.49%.The heme-c content of biomass with nZVI@BC was significantly higher by 36.60%-91.45%.Additional,nZVI@BC addition resulted in more extracellular polymeric substances,better biomass granulation,and a higher abundance of anammox bacteria.In particularly,anammox genes hzsA/B/C,hzo and hdh played a pivotal role in maintaining nitrogen removal performance at 15℃.These findings suggest that nZVI@BC has the potential to enhance the resistance of low-nitrogen anammox processes to low temperatures,making it a valuable approach for practical applications in low-nitrogen and low-temperature wastewater treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21376209,21376169)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LZ13B060004)+1 种基金Program for Zhejiang Leading Team of S&T Innovation(2013TD07)Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(B06006)~~
文摘Developing efficient supported Pd catalysts and understanding their catalytic mechanism in CO oxidation are challenging research topics in recent years.This paper describes the synthesis of Pd nanoparticles supported on CeO2 nanotubes via an alcohol reduction method.The effect of the support morphology on the catalytic reaction was explored.Subsequently,the performance of the prepared catalysts was investigated toward CO oxidation reaction and characterized by Nitrogen sorption,X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and CO-temperature-programmed desorption techniques.The results indicated that the catalyst of Pd on CeO2 nanotubes exhibits excellent activity in CO oxidation at low temperatures,due to its large surface area,the high dispersion of Pd species,the mesoporous and tubular structure of the CeO2-nanotube support,the abundant Ce3＋,formation of Pd–O–Ce bonding,and enhanced metal–support interaction on the catalyst surface.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22279070[L.Wang]and U21A20170[X.He])the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2019YFA0705703[L.Wang])。
文摘Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)face significant limitations in low-temperature environments,with the slow interfacial de-solvation process and the hindered Li+transport through the interphase layer emerging as key obstacles beyond the issue of ionic conductivity.This investigation unveils a novel formulation that constructs an anion-rich solvation sheath within strong solvents,effectively addressing all three of these challenges to bolster low-temperature performance.The developed electrolyte,characterized by an enhanced concentration of contact ion pairs(CIPs)and aggregates(AGGs),facilitates the formation of an inorganic-rich interphase layer on the anode and cathode particles.This promotes de-solvation at low temperatures and stabilizes the electrode-electrolyte interphase.Full cells composed of LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)(NCM622)and graphite,when equipped with this electrolyte,showcase remarkable cycle stability and capacity retention,with 93.3% retention after 500 cycles at room temperature(RT)and 95.5%after 120 cycles at -20℃.This study validates the utility of the anion-rich solvation sheath in strong solvents as a strategy for the development of low-temperature electrolytes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372223)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2301404)+1 种基金the College Students'Innovationand Entrepreneurship Training Program of Anhui Province,China(S202210364136)the Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee,China(2023AH040133).
文摘Low temperature(LT)in spring has become one of the principal abiotic stresses that restrict the growth and development of wheat.Diverse analyses were performed to investigate the mechanism underlying the response of wheat grain development to LT stress during booting.These included morphological observation,measurements of starch synthase activity,and determination of amylose and amylopectin content of wheat grain after exposure to treatment with LT during booting.Additionally,proteomic analysis was performed using tandem mass tags(TMT).Results showed that the plumpness of wheat grains decreased after LT stress.Moreover,the activities of sucrose synthase(SuS,EC 2.4.1.13)and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase(AGPase,EC 2.7.7.27)exhibited a significant reduction,leading to a significant reduction in the contents of amylose and amylopectin.A total of 509 differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)were identified by proteomics analysis.The Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis showed that the protein difference multiple in the nutritional repository activity was the largest among the molecular functions,and the up-regulated seed storage protein(ssP)played an active role in the response of grains to LT stress and subsequent damage.The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis showed that LT stress reduced the expression of DEPs such as sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS),glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase(glgC),andβ-fructofuranosidase(FFase)in sucrose and starch metabolic pathways,thus affecting the synthesis of grain starch.In addition,many heat shock proteins(HsPs)were found in the protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum pathways,which can resist some damage caused by LT stress.These findings provide a new theoretical foundation for elucidating the underlying mechanism governing wheat yield developmentafterexposuretoLTstress inspring.
基金partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172250)Institute of Process Engineering(IPE)Project for Frontier Basic Research(QYJC-2023-06)。
文摘The use of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries is limited by sulfur redox reactions involving multi-phase transformations,especially at low-temperatures.To address this issue,we report a material(FCNS@NCFs)consisting of nitrogen-doped carbon fibers loaded with a ternary metal sulf-ide((Fe,Co,Ni)_(9)S_(8))for use as the sulfur host in Li-S batteries.This materi-al was prepared using transfer blot filter paper as the carbon precursor,thiourea as the source of nitrogen and sulfur,and FeCl_(3)·6H_(2)O,CoCl_(2)·6H_(2)O and NiCl_(2)·6H_(2)O as the metal ion sources.It was synthesized by an impreg-nation method followed by calcination.The nitrogen doping significantly in-creased the conductivity of the host,and the metal sulfides have excellent catalytic activities.Theoretical calculations,and adsorption and deposition experiments show that active sites on the surface of FCNS@NCFs selectively adsorb polysulfides,facilitate rapid adsorption and conversion,prevent cathode passivation and inhib-it the polysulfide shuttling.The FCNS@NCFs used as the sulfur host has excellent electrochemical properties.Its initial dis-charge capacity is 1639.0 mAh g^(−1) at 0.2 C and room temperature,and it remains a capacity of 1255.1 mAh g^(−1) after 100 cycles.At−20~C,it has an initial discharge capacity of 1578.5 mAh g^(−1) at 0.2 C,with a capacity of 867.5 mAh g^(−1) after 100 cycles.Its excellent performance at both ambient and low temperatures suggests a new way to produce high-performance low-temper-ature Li-S batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51176077,50976050)the Tianjin Municipal Natural Science Foundation Project(No. 12JCZDJC29300)
文摘Ce-ZrO2 is a widely used three-way catalyst support. Because of the large surface area and excellent redox quality, Ce-ZrO2 may have potential application in selective catalytic reduction （SCR） systems. In the present work, Ce-ZrO2 was introduced into a low-temperature SCR system and CeO2 and ZrO2 supports were also introduced to make a contrastive study. Mn/CeO2, Mn/ZrO2 and Mn/Ce-ZrO2 were prepared by impregnating these supports with Mn（NO3）2 solution, and have been characterized by N2-BET, XRD, TPR, TPD, XPS, FT-IR and TG. The activity and resistance to SO2 and H2O of the catalysts were investigated. Mn/Ce-ZrO2 and Mn/CeO2 were proved to have better low-temperature activities than Mn/ZrO2, and yielded 98.6% and 96.8% NO conversion at 180℃, respectively. This is mainly because Mn/Ce-ZrO2 and Mn/CeO2 had higher dispersion of manganese oxides, better redox properties and more weakly adsorbed oxygen species than Mn/ZrO2. In addition, Mn/Ce-ZrO2 showed a good resistance to SO2 and H2O and presented 87.1% NO conversion, even under SO2 and H2O treatment for 6 hours, and the activity of Mn/Ce-ZrO2 was almost restored to its original level after cutting off the injection of SO2 and H2O. This was due to the weak water absorption and weak sulfation process on the surface of the catalyst.
