BACKGROUND In the initial stages of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,healthcare workers(HCWs)who were immunologically naive to COVID-19,were exposed to a highly transmissible virus.AIM To compare infecti...BACKGROUND In the initial stages of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,healthcare workers(HCWs)who were immunologically naive to COVID-19,were exposed to a highly transmissible virus.AIM To compare infection risk among HCWs in high-risk(HR)and low-risk(LR)areas.METHODS Data on reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction confirmed clinical infection and samples for nucleocapsid,and spike protein antibodies were collected at five time-points(T1 to T5)from HCWs in the emergency department and intensive care unit(HR group)and pre-clinical and para-clinical areas(LR).For the sero-study,only participants who provided at least one baseline sample and one during the second wave(T4 or T5)were analysed.Since CovishieldTM elicits only spike protein antibodies,subclinical infection was diagnosed if asymptomatic unvaccinated and CovishieldTM vaccinated individuals tested positive for nucleocapsid antibody.RESULTS Overall,by T5,clinical infection rate was similar in the HR(120/366,32.8%)and LR(22/82,26.8%)groups(P=0.17).However,before vaccination(T3),more HCWs in the HR group developed COVID-19 infection(21.9%vs 8.8%,P=0.046).In the sero-study group,clinical infection occurred in 31.5%(45/143)and 23.7%(14/59)in the HR and LR groups respectively(P=0.23).Spike antibody was detected in 140/143(97.9%)and 56/59(94.9%)and nucleocapsid antibody was positive in 95/143(66.4%)and 35/59(59.3%)in the HR and LR groups respectively(P=0.34).Subclinical infection rate(HR 34.9%,LR 35.6%,P=0.37)and hospitalization rate were similar.There was no mortality.CONCLUSION Before vaccination,HCWs in HR areas had a higher risk of infection.Seroprevalence studies suggest that subclinical infection was not uncommon.展开更多
Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic and non-specific inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Huanglian Ganjiang decoction(HGD),derived from ancient book Beiji Qianjin Yao Fang,has demonstrated efficacy in treating UC patients ...Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic and non-specific inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Huanglian Ganjiang decoction(HGD),derived from ancient book Beiji Qianjin Yao Fang,has demonstrated efficacy in treating UC patients traditionally.Previous research established that the compatibility of cold herb Coptidis Rhizoma+Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex(CP)and hot herb Angelicae Sinensis Radix+Zingiberis Rhizoma(AZ)in HGD synergistically improved colitis mice.This study investigated the compatibility mechanisms through which CP and AZ regulated inflammatory balance in colitis mice.The experimental colitis model was established by administering 3%dextran sulphate sodium(DSS)to mice for 7 days,followed by CP,AZ and CPAZ treatment for an additional 7 days.M1/M2 macrophage polarization levels,glucose metabolites levels and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4(PDK4)expression were analyzed using flow cytometry,Western blot,immunofluorescence and targeted glucose metabolomics.The findings indicated that CP inhibited M1 macrophage polarization,decreased inflammatory metabolites associated with tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle,and suppressed PDK4 expression and pyruvate dehydrogenase(PDH)(Ser-293)phosphorylation level.AZ enhanced M2 macrophage polarization,increased lactate axis metabolite lactate levels,and upregulated PDK4 expression and PDH(Ser-293)phosphorylation level.TCA cycle blocker AG-221 and adeno-associated virus(AAV)-PDK4 partially negated CP’s inhibition of M1 macrophage polarization.Lactate axis antagonist oxamate and PDK4 inhibitor dichloroacetate(DCA)partially reduced AZ’s activation of M2 macrophage polarization.In conclusion,the compatibility of CP and AZ synergistically alleviated colitis in mice through M1/M2 macrophage polarization balance via PDK4-mediated glucose metabolism reprogramming.Specifically,CP reduced M1 macrophage polarization by restoration of TCA cycle via PDK4 inhibition,while AZ increased M2 macrophage polarization through activation of PDK4/lactate axis.展开更多
Enhanced CO_(2)sequestration(ECS)within low-permeable reservoirs during CO_(2)-enhanced oil recovery(CO_(2)-EOR)processes has gained significant interest,primarily driven by the need to mitigate the greenhouse effect ...Enhanced CO_(2)sequestration(ECS)within low-permeable reservoirs during CO_(2)-enhanced oil recovery(CO_(2)-EOR)processes has gained significant interest,primarily driven by the need to mitigate the greenhouse effect caused by excessive CO_(2)emissions.In this work,the in-situ nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)is applied to investigate the oil production and CO_(2)sequestration within the micropores of low-permeable reservoirs.Additionally,the impact of CO_(2)-water-oil-rock reactions on CO_(2)-EOR and CO_(2)sequestration is studied by analysis of the changes in minerals,pore structures,and wettability of cores by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and contact angle measurements with the experiments of CO_(2)-water-oil-rock interaction in the high-temperature and high-pressure(HT-HP)reactor.The results reveal that the residual water saturation(Swr),CO_(2)injection pressure,and the interaction among CO_(2),water,oil,and rock all exerted a considerable impact on oil recovery and CO_(2)sequestratio n.Compared with the oil recovery and CO_(2)sequestration of the two oil-satu rated cores(Core No.2 and Core No.3)after CO_(2)injection,the accumulated oil recoveries of the two cores with S_(wr)=0.5are enhanced by 1.8%and 4.2%,and the CO_(2)sequestration ratios are increased by 3%and 10%,respectively.Compared with the CO_(2)-water-rock that occurred in oil-saturated cores,the CO_(2)-water-rock reaction for cores(S_(wr)=0.5)is more intense,which leads to the formation of more hydrophilic rock on pore surfaces after the reaction,thereby reducing the adhesion work of CO_(2)stripping oil.The oil and water mixtures in pores also inhibit CO_(2)premature breakthrough from cores,therefore expanding the swept volume of CO_(2)in cores.Otherwise,oil recovery and CO_(2)sequestration in small pores of cores are significantly improved with the rise in CO_(2)injection pressure due to the enhanced driving pressure degree and also the improved mutual solubility and mass transfer between CO_(2)and oil.展开更多
The rising flexible and intelligent electronics greatly facilitate the noninvasive and timely tracking of physiological information in telemedicine healthcare.Meticulously building bionic-sensitive moieties is vital f...The rising flexible and intelligent electronics greatly facilitate the noninvasive and timely tracking of physiological information in telemedicine healthcare.Meticulously building bionic-sensitive moieties is vital for designing efficient electronic skin with advanced cognitive functionalities to pluralistically capture external stimuli.However,realistic mimesis,both in the skin’s three-dimensional interlocked hierarchical structures and synchronous encoding multistimuli information capacities,remains a challenging yet vital need for simplifying the design of flexible logic circuits.Herein,we construct an artificial epidermal device by in situ growing Cu_(3)(HHTP)_(2) particles onto the hollow spherical Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) surface,aiming to concurrently emulate the spinous and granular layers of the skin’s epidermis.The bionic Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@Cu_(3)(HHTP)_(2) exhibits independent NO_(2) and pressure response,as well as novel functionalities such as acoustic signature perception and Morse code-encrypted message communication.Ultimately,a wearable alarming system with a mobile application terminal is self-developed by integrating the bimodular senor into flexible printed circuits.This system can assess risk factors related with asthmatic,such as stimulation of external NO_(2) gas,abnormal expiratory behavior and exertion degrees of fingers,achieving a recognition accuracy of 97.6%as assisted by a machine learning algorithm.Our work provides a feasible routine to develop intelligent multifunctional healthcare equipment for burgeoning transformative telemedicine diagnosis.展开更多
BACKGROUND There are only a few studies on the influence of economic inequalities on youngonset type 2 diabetes(T2D).AIM To examine the impact of different family incomes on the development of youngonset T2D.METHODS W...BACKGROUND There are only a few studies on the influence of economic inequalities on youngonset type 2 diabetes(T2D).AIM To examine the impact of different family incomes on the development of youngonset T2D.METHODS We identified 7505336 young adults aged 20-39 years from the 2008 Taiwan region Health Insurance Research Database,China.The young adults were divided into low-income,middle-income,and high-income groups.Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the risks of young-onset T2D and all-cause mortality in low-income and middle-income groups compared with the highincome group.RESULTS With a mean follow-up of 8.0 years,the incidence rates of young-onset T2D were 3.39,3.10,and 2.88 per 1000 person-years in the low-income,middle-income,and high-income groups,respectively.Compared with the high-income group,the risk of young-onset T2D was significantly higher in the low-income[adjusted hazard ratio(aHR)(95%CI):1.46(1.44–1.48)]and middle-income[aHR(95%CI):1.29(1.27–1.31)]groups.All-cause mortality was also higher in the low-income[aHR(95%CI):2.79(2.70–2.88)]and middle-income[aHR(95%CI):1.59(1.53–1.65)]groups.Older age,male sex,obesity,smoking,alcohol-related disorders,hypertension,dyslipidemia,gout,and psychotic disorders were significantly associated with increased risks of both young-onset T2D and mortality.CONCLUSION This nationwide cohort study demonstrated that young people from low-income and middle-income groups had a higher risk of youth-onset T2D and mortality than those from the high-income group.展开更多
BACKGROUND Proton pump inhibitors(PPIs)are among the most commonly prescribed medications globally.While concerns exist regarding their association with adverse infection-related outcomes,their impact on coronavirus d...BACKGROUND Proton pump inhibitors(PPIs)are among the most commonly prescribed medications globally.While concerns exist regarding their association with adverse infection-related outcomes,their impact on coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)severity remains uncertain.Emerging preclinical data suggest immunomodulatory and antiviral properties of PPIs,yet clinical evidence is conflicting.AIM To investigate whether chronic pre-hospital PPI use is associated with improved outcomes in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.METHODS We conducted a retrospective case-control study of adult inpatients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection admitted to a racially and ethnically diverse communityhospital in Massachusetts from July 2021 to March 2022. Patients were stratified by documented pre-hospital PPIuse. The primary outcomes were intensive care unit (ICU) admission, need for invasive mechanical ventilation, andin-hospital mortality. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for demographics, comorbidities, andtreatment variables. Significance was set at P < 0.05.RESULTSAmong 248 patients, 83 (33.4%) were on PPIs prior to hospitalization. Compared to non-users, PPI users hadsignificantly lower rates of ICU admission (13.3% vs 24.8%, P = 0.034), mechanical ventilation (13.3% vs 25.5%, P =0.027), and in-hospital mortality (6.0% vs 17.6%, P = 0.013). Multivariable analysis confirmed these associations:ICU admission [adjusted odds ratios (aOR): 0.462, 95%CI: 0.223–0.955], mechanical ventilation (aOR: 0.447, 95%CI:0.216–0.923), and mortality (aOR: 0.144, 95%CI: 0.031–0.677). Findings were consistent across demographic andcomorbidity strata.CONCLUSIONIn this diverse, real-world United States cohort, chronic pre-hospital PPI use was independently associated withlower odds of intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, and mortality among COVID-19 inpatients.These findings highlight a potentially protective role of PPIs and support continued therapy in eligible patients.展开更多
The ground-breaking development of the incretin agonists by manipulation of the incretin system,including the gut hormones glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide(GIP),as well as...The ground-breaking development of the incretin agonists by manipulation of the incretin system,including the gut hormones glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide(GIP),as well as the pancreatic hor-mone glucagon,has led to the emergence of promising pharmacotherapy for metabolic health.The GLP-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs),namely liraglutide,dulaglutide,albiglutide,exenatide,and semaglutide,have been found to have beneficial effects on glycated hemoglobin,weight,lipid profile,and liver fat and thereby improving cardiometabolic health.Other drugs of the same group in development include Orforglipron,which has a high weight loss efficacy(-15%weight reduction).Long-acting GLP-1RAs in trials are Ecnoglutide,Efpeglenatide,TG103,and Visepegenatide.Many of these have cardiovascular benefits in terms of reduction in MACE(Non-fatal MI,Non-fatal stroke,and mortality).Tirzepatide is a dual GIP/GLP-1RA,the first drug of the group to be approved for diabetes and obesity with remarkably lower gastrointestinal side effects compared to GLP-1 monoagonists.The dual GLP-1/glucagon co-agonists cause tremendous weight loss due to the synergistic action.Most drugs in this class are long-acting and developed for once-weekly administration.The revolutionary triple agonists at the GLP-1,GIP,and Glucagon receptors have demonstrated the highest achievable weight loss with pharmaco-therapy.Retatrutide and Efocipegtrutide belong to this novel group of drugs.The newer drugs in the broad category of incretin co-agonists include the GLP-1/amylin receptor agonist like CagriSema and Amycretin,oral GLP-1 agonists other than semaglutide,and the peptide YY/GLP-1 receptor dual agonists.The profound bioche-mical and weight loss outcomes associated with incretin co-/poly-agonists are expected to translate into outstanding cardiometabolic benefits,the theme of this evidence review.展开更多
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)enters host cells via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)receptor.Mounting evidence has indicated the presence of hepatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and liver...Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)enters host cells via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)receptor.Mounting evidence has indicated the presence of hepatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and liver injury in pa-tients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Understanding the mechanisms of hepatic SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucial for addressing COVID-19–related liver pathology and developing targeted therapies.This editorial discusses the signi-ficance of ACE2 in hepatic SARS-CoV-2 infection,drawing on the research by Jacobs et al.Their findings indicate that hepatic ACE2 expression,frequency of hepatic SARS-CoV-2 infection,and severity of liver injury are elevated in patients with pre-existing chronic liver diseases.These data suggest that hepatic ACE2 could be a promising therapeutic target for COVID-19.展开更多
At present,carbon capture and storage(CCS)is the only mature and commercialized technology capable of effectively and economically reducing greenhouse gas emissions to achieve a significant and immedi-ate impact on th...At present,carbon capture and storage(CCS)is the only mature and commercialized technology capable of effectively and economically reducing greenhouse gas emissions to achieve a significant and immedi-ate impact on the CO_(2) level on Earth.Notably,long-term geological storage of captured CO_(2) has emerged as a primary storage method,given its minimal impact on surface ecological environments and high level of safety.The integrity of CO_(2) storage wellbores can be compromised by the corrosion of steel casings and degradation of cement in supercritical CO_(2) storage environments,potentially leading to the leakage of stored CO_(2) from the sites.This critical review endeavors to establish a knowledge foundation for the cor-rosion and materials degradation associated with geological CO_(2) storage through an in-depth examina-tion and analysis of the environments,operation,and the state-of-the-art progress in research pertaining to the topic.This article discusses the physical and chemical properties of CO_(2) in its supercrit-ical phase during injection and storage.It then introduces the principle of geological CO_(2) storage,consid-erations in the construction of storage systems,and the unique geo-bio-chemical environment involving aqueous media and microbial communities in CO_(2) storage.After a comprehensive analysis of existing knowledge on corrosion in CO_(2) storage,including corrosion mechanisms,parametric effects,and corro-sion rate measurements,this review identifies technical gaps and puts forward potential avenues for fur-ther research in steel corrosion within geological CO_(2) storage systems.展开更多
Layered transition metal hydroxides show distinct advantages in separately co-catalyzing CO_(2)reduction and H_(2)O oxidation at the electron-accumulating and hole-accumulating sites of wrapped heterojunction photocat...Layered transition metal hydroxides show distinct advantages in separately co-catalyzing CO_(2)reduction and H_(2)O oxidation at the electron-accumulating and hole-accumulating sites of wrapped heterojunction photocatalysts,while concurrently preventing side reactions and photocorrosion on the semiconductor surface.Herein,Ni-Co bimetallic hydroxides with varying Ni/Co molar ratios(Ni_(x)Co_(1-x)(OH)_(2),x=1,0.75,0.5,0.25,and 0)were grown in situ on a model 2D/2D S-scheme heterojunction composed of Cu_(2)O nanosheets and Fe_(2)O_(3)nanoplates to form a series of Cu_(2)O/Fe_(2)O_(3)@Ni_(x)Co_(1-x)(OH)_(2)(CF@NiCo)photocatalysts.The combined experimental and theoretical investigation demonstrates that incorporating an appropriate amount of Co into Ni(OH)_(2)not only modulates the energy band structure of Ni_(x)Co_(1-x)(OH)_(2),balances the electron-and hole-trapping abilities of the bifunctional cocatalyst and maximizes the charge separation efficiency of the heterojunction,but also regulates the d-band center of Ni_(x)Co_(1-x)(OH)_(2),reinforcing the adsorption and activation of CO_(2)and H_(2)O on the cocatalyst surface and lowering the rate-limiting barriers in the CO_(2)-to-CO and H_(2)O-to-O_(2)conversion.Benefiting from the Ni-Co synergy,the redox reactions proceed stoichiometrically.The optimized CF@Ni_(0.75)Co_(0.25)achieves CO and O_(2)yields of 552.7 and 313.0μmol gcat^(-1)h^(-1),respectively,11.3/9.9,1.6/1.7,and 4.5/5.9-fold higher than those of CF,CF@Ni,and CF@Co.This study offers valuable insights into the design of bifunctional noble-metal-free cocatalysts for high-performance artificial photosynthesis.展开更多
This study was conducted in two sections.Initially,the effects of NaCl,MgCl_(2),and urea were investigated on extracting copper and iron from chalcopyrite.Subsequently,CuFe_(2)O_(4)-based electrodes for supercapacitor...This study was conducted in two sections.Initially,the effects of NaCl,MgCl_(2),and urea were investigated on extracting copper and iron from chalcopyrite.Subsequently,CuFe_(2)O_(4)-based electrodes for supercapacitors were synthesized using the extracted solution.The first phase revealed that 3 mol/L NaCl achieved the highest extraction performance,yielding 60%Cu and 23%Fe.MgCl_(2)at 1.5 mol/L extracted 52%Cu and 27%Fe,while a combination of 0.5 mol/L MgCl_(2)and 1.6 mol/L urea yielded 57%Cu and 20%Fe.Urea effectively reduced iron levels.CuFe_(2)O_(4)-based electrodes were then successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal method using a MgCl_(2)-urea solution.Characterization studies confirmed CuFe_(2)O_(4)formation with a 2D structure and 45−50 nm wall thickness on nickel foam.Electrochemical analysis showed a specific capacitance of 725 mF/cm^(2)at 2 mA/cm^(2)current density,with energy and power densities of 12.3 mW·h/cm^(2)and 175 mW/cm^(2),respectively.These findings suggest that chalcopyrite has the potential for direct use in energy storage.展开更多
Reducing the secondary inflammatory response, which is partly mediated by microglia, is a key focus in the treatment of spinal cord injury. Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2(SHP2), encoded by PT...Reducing the secondary inflammatory response, which is partly mediated by microglia, is a key focus in the treatment of spinal cord injury. Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2(SHP2), encoded by PTPN11, is widely expressed in the human body and plays a role in inflammation through various mechanisms. Therefore, SHP2 is considered a potential target for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. However, its role in secondary inflammation after spinal cord injury remains unclear. In this study, SHP2 was found to be abundantly expressed in microglia at the site of spinal cord injury. Inhibition of SHP2 expression using siRNA and SHP2 inhibitors attenuated the microglial inflammatory response in an in vitro lipopolysaccharide-induced model of inflammation. Notably, after treatment with SHP2 inhibitors, mice with spinal cord injury exhibited significantly improved hind limb locomotor function and reduced residual urine volume in the bladder. Subsequent in vitro experiments showed that, in microglia stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, inhibiting SHP2 expression promoted M2 polarization and inhibited M1 polarization. Finally, a co-culture experiment was conducted to assess the effect of microglia treated with SHP2 inhibitors on neuronal cells. The results demonstrated that inflammatory factors produced by microglia promoted neuronal apoptosis, while inhibiting SHP2 expression mitigated these effects. Collectively, our findings suggest that SHP2 enhances secondary inflammation and neuronal damage subsequent to spinal cord injury by modulating microglial phenotype. Therefore, inhibiting SHP2 alleviates the inflammatory response in mice with spinal cord injury and promotes functional recovery postinjury.展开更多
Lead chalcohalides(PbYX,X=Cl,Br,I;Y=S,Se)is an extension of the classic Pb chalcogenides(PbY).Constructing the heterogeneous integration with PbYX and PbY material systems makes it possible to achieve significantly im...Lead chalcohalides(PbYX,X=Cl,Br,I;Y=S,Se)is an extension of the classic Pb chalcogenides(PbY).Constructing the heterogeneous integration with PbYX and PbY material systems makes it possible to achieve significantly improved optoelectronic performance.In this work,we studied the effect of introducing halogen precursors on the structure of classical PbS nanocrystals(NCs)during the synthesis process and realized the preparation of PbS/Pb_(3)S_(2)X_(2) core/shell structure for the first time.The core/shell structure can effectively improve their optical properties.Furthermore,our approach enables the synthesis of Pb_(3)S_(2)Br_(2) that had not yet been reported.Our results not only provide valuable insights into the heterogeneous integration of PbYX and PbY materials to elevate material properties but also provide an effective method for further expanding the preparation of PbYX material systems.展开更多
Climate change impacts soil nitrogen, influencing plant responses to elevated atmospheric [CO2]. Understanding the interaction between nitrogen supply and elevated [CO2] is crucial for predicting plant future performa...Climate change impacts soil nitrogen, influencing plant responses to elevated atmospheric [CO2]. Understanding the interaction between nitrogen supply and elevated [CO2] is crucial for predicting plant future performance. This study examined the interactive effects of elevated [CO2] and nitrogen supply on the eco-physiological performance of yellow birch. Seedlings were exposed to two [CO2] levels and five nitrogen supply levels for 4 months. Growth parameters such as seedling height and root collar diameter increased with higher nitrogen supply and elevated [CO2], while specific leaf area decreased. [CO2] elevation and increasing nitrogen supply also increased the total and stem, and leaf biomass. The elevated [CO2] increased the stem mass ratio but decreased the root-to-shoot ratio and root mass ratio. However, decreases in nitrogen supply increased root mass ratio and root-to-shoot ratio. The elevated [CO2] increased the maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylation (Vcmax) and photosynthetic electron transport (Jmax), but the effect on Jmax was statistically significant only at the two highest nitrogen supply levels. The results indicate that yellow birch may increase photosynthetic capacity, biomass, and growth in the future when [CO2] is higher.展开更多
Mg alloys have the defects of low stiffness,low strength,and high coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE).The composites strategy and its architecture design are effective approaches to improve the comprehensive perform...Mg alloys have the defects of low stiffness,low strength,and high coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE).The composites strategy and its architecture design are effective approaches to improve the comprehensive performance of materials,but the processing difficulty,especially in ceramics forming,limits the control and innovation of material architecture.Here,combined with 3D printing and squeeze infiltration technology,two precisely controllable architectures of AZ91/Al_(2)O_(3)interpenetrating phase composites(IPC)with ceramic scaffold were prepared.The interface,properties and impact of different architecture on IPC performance were studied by experiments and finite element simulation.The metallurgical bonding of the interface was realized with the formation of MgAl_(2)O_(4)reaction layer.The IPC with 1 mm circular hole scaffold(1C-IPC)exhibited significantly improved elastic modulus of 164 GPa,high compressive strength of 680 MPa,and good CTE of 12.91×10^(-6)K^(−1),which were 3.64 times,1.98 times and 55%of the Mg matrix,respectively.Their elastic modulus,compressive strength,and CTE were superior to the vast majority of Mg alloys and Mg based composites.The reinforcement and matrix were bicontinuous and interpenetrating each other,which played a critical role in ensuring the potent strengthening effect of the Al_(2)O_(3)reinforcement by efficient load transfer.Under the same volume fraction of reinforcements,compared to IPC with 1 mm hexagonal hole scaffold(1H-IPC),the elastic modulus and compressive strength of 1C-IPC increased by 15%and 28%,respectively,which was due to the reduced stress concentration and more uniform stress distribution of 1C-IPC.It shows great potential of architecture design in improving the performance of composites.This study provides architectural design strategy and feasible preparation method for the development of high performance materials.展开更多
Hurricanes cause significant damage to tropical forests;however,little is known of their effects on decomposition and decomposer communities.This study demonstrated that canopy debris deposited during Hurricane Otto s...Hurricanes cause significant damage to tropical forests;however,little is known of their effects on decomposition and decomposer communities.This study demonstrated that canopy debris deposited during Hurricane Otto stimulated sequential changes in soil carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)components,and decomposer microbial communities over 5 years.The initial response phase occurred within 2 years post-hurricane and appeared associated with decomposition of the labile canopy debris,suggested by:increased DNA sequences(MPS)of the Acidobacterial community(as common decomposers of labile plant material),decreases in total organic C(TOC),increased biomass C,respiration,and NH_(4)^(+),conversion of organic C in biomass,and decreased MPS of complex organic C decomposing(CCD_(ec))Fungal community.After 3 years post-hurricane,the later response phase appeared associated with decomposition of the more stable components of the canopy debris,suggested by:increased MPS of the Fungal CCDec community,TOC,stabilized Respiration,decreased Biomass C,the return to pre-hurricane levels of the conversion of organic C to biomass,and decreased MPS of Acidobacterial community.These changes in the microbial community compositions resulted in progressive decomposition of the hurricane-deposited canopy material within 5 years,resulting several potential indicators of different stages of decomposition and soil recovery post-disturbance.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in preventing and treating COVID-19,and Fuzheng Jiedu decoction(FZJDD)was reported to be effective against COVID-19 in clinical trials.To investigate the potential me...Traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in preventing and treating COVID-19,and Fuzheng Jiedu decoction(FZJDD)was reported to be effective against COVID-19 in clinical trials.To investigate the potential mechanisms and material basis of FZJDD against SARS-CoV-2,we performed SARS-CoV-2 target protein inhibition analyses and a metabolite full spectrum analysis of FZJDD.Interestingly,FZJDD was found to block the binding of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein with the receptor ACE2 and inhibit the activity of SARS-CoV-23CLpro.Moreover,FZJDD can regulate the TNF and the MAPK signaling pathway to inhibit the inflammatory response and alleviate the“cytokine storm”.A total of 298 compounds were identified in FZJDD,among them,caffeic acid and octyl gallate were found to be the potential therapeutic agents of FZJDD.Importantly,FZJDD can broadly inhibit coronavirus infection,including SADS-CoV and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)live viruses,SARS-CoV,MERS-CoV,and SARS-CoV-2 mutant pseudotyped viruses,which might be ascribed to the broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus activity of caffeic acid and octyl gallate.In conclusion,this study reveals the mechanisms and material basis of FZJDD against SARS-CoV-2 and identifies the broadspectrum anti-coronavirus activity of FZJDD for the first time.Our data provide empirical evidence for the development and application of FZJDD.展开更多
Although atmospheric CO_(2) observations are becoming increasingly widespread in China,the identification of CO_(2) emission sources is still scarce,especially in undeveloped Central China.To effectively address this ...Although atmospheric CO_(2) observations are becoming increasingly widespread in China,the identification of CO_(2) emission sources is still scarce,especially in undeveloped Central China.To effectively address this issue,in a typical site in Central China,the simultaneous measurements of atmospheric CO_(2),CO,andδ^(13)C were conducted,and the characteristics of CO_(2) emission sources were systematically investigated based on the relationships among CO_(2),CO,andδ^(13)C.The average CO_(2)/CO ratio of winter increased from 52.4 ppm/ppm during 2018–2020 to 65.1 ppm/ppm during 2021–2022,which confirmed the improvement of energy consumption efficiency in China.Air-mass transportation from central China and Yangtze River Delta regions contributed largely to higher CO_(2)/CO ratios in 2021–2022.A highermean CO_(2)/CO ratio appeared during the morning rush hours(60.3 ppm/ppm)than in the afternoon rush hours(51.4 ppm/ppm)in winter.In addition,the meanδ^(13)C value of CO_(2) sources(δ^(13)Cs)also displayed more negative values during the morning rush hours(-28.3‰)than the afternoon rush hours(-22.2‰),suggesting the significant influence of vehicle and natural gas usage at themorning rush hours and the impact of straw burning in the afternoon rush hours.The meanδ^(13)Cs was-24.7‰for winter and-21.9‰for vegetation season,implying the main contribution of coal in winter and the impact of C4 plants during the vegetation season.The contribution of biogenic respiration CO_(2) was inferred to exceed 50%during the nighttime of summer according to the obtained meanδ^(13)C value of biogenic respiration CO_(2),which was calculated to be-21.4‰.展开更多
CO_(2)injection in shale oil reservoirs has emerged as a promising technique for simultaneously achieving CO_(2)geological storage and enhancing shale oil recovery.This study investigates the potential of CO_(2)inject...CO_(2)injection in shale oil reservoirs has emerged as a promising technique for simultaneously achieving CO_(2)geological storage and enhancing shale oil recovery.This study investigates the potential of CO_(2)injection into shale oil reservoirs with natural fractures for carbon storage and enhanced oil recovery through a combination of experimental and numerical simulations.It focuses on the synergistic effects on carbon storage capacity and oil recovery efficiency.A series of CO_(2)injection experiments using online NMR T_(2)and stratified T_(2)technology were conducted to validate the feasibility of carbon storage and oil recovery in shale oil reservoirs.The shale samples consist of three distinct pore space systems:kerogen,inorganic matrix,and shale bedding fractures.A coupled multiscale-multiphase simulation model was developed to facilitate a comprehensive analysis of the underlying mechanisms.In the model,kerogen,inorganic matrix,and shale bedding fractures are defined as triple-continuum media.The model integrates the mechanisms of molecular diffusion,adsorption,and viscous flow to accurately represent the mass transport processes during CO_(2)injection in shale oil reservoirs.Within this framework,a series of mass transport partial differential equations were derived to describe the CO_(2)injection process.The finite element method was used to numerically solve these equations,and the proposed model was validated against experimental results.Sensitivity analyses yielded the following results:(1)The shale bedding fractures are not only key reservoir spaces for shale oil but also the key mass transfer channels for shale oil and CO_(2)during CO_(2)injection.Increasing the permeability of the shale bedding fractures can significantly improve oil recovery efficiency and CO_(2)adsorption amount.(2)The kerogen content and organic porosity have a significant impact on CO_(2)adsorption amount and shale oil recovery factor,respectively.(3)High production pressure is essential for maximizing carbon storage capacity.Simultaneously,increasing injection pressure can effectively enhance carbon storage and shale oil recovery.展开更多
BACKGROUND At present,China has become the country with the largest number of individuals with diabetes mellitus(DM)in the world,with a total of approximately 140 million patients,the majority of whom have type 2 DM(T...BACKGROUND At present,China has become the country with the largest number of individuals with diabetes mellitus(DM)in the world,with a total of approximately 140 million patients,the majority of whom have type 2 DM(T2DM).Based on conven-tional nursing methods,community home care has important clinical significance in controlling blood sugar and disease progression.AIM To explore the impact of community public health nursing on treatment effect,health cognition,and self-management in patients with T2DM.METHODS One hundred patients with T2DM were selected as the research subjects.The patients were divided into either a conventional nursing group or community nursing(CN)group using the random number table method.The conventional nursing group(50 cases)received routine care,while the CN group(50 cases)received community public health care in addition to routine care as that for the conventional nursing group.The rate of excellent and good blood glucose control,fasting blood glucose before and after care,2-h postprandial blood glucose,health cognition,and self-management ability,and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The CN group had a higher rate of excellent blood sugar control than the conventional nursing group(88%vs 70%,P<0.05).Before care,there was no significant difference in fasting blood glucose or 2-h postprandial blood glucose between the two groups of patients(P>0.05).After nursing,fasting blood glucose and 2-h postprandial blood glucose were reduced to varying degrees in both groups,and both blood glucose levels in the CN group were lower than those of the conventional nursing group(P<0.05).Compared with the scores before care,the cognitive level score for diabetes and self-management ability score improved after care in both groups.The cognitive level and self-management ability of patients in the CN group were higher than those of the conventional nursing group(P<0.05).The overall satisfaction of the CN group was better than that of the conventional nursing group(98%vs 86%,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Community public health care based on conventional care of T2DM can achieve better blood sugar control,and improve patients’health cognitive level and self-management ability.展开更多
基金Supported by Internal Institutional Research Fund.
文摘BACKGROUND In the initial stages of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,healthcare workers(HCWs)who were immunologically naive to COVID-19,were exposed to a highly transmissible virus.AIM To compare infection risk among HCWs in high-risk(HR)and low-risk(LR)areas.METHODS Data on reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction confirmed clinical infection and samples for nucleocapsid,and spike protein antibodies were collected at five time-points(T1 to T5)from HCWs in the emergency department and intensive care unit(HR group)and pre-clinical and para-clinical areas(LR).For the sero-study,only participants who provided at least one baseline sample and one during the second wave(T4 or T5)were analysed.Since CovishieldTM elicits only spike protein antibodies,subclinical infection was diagnosed if asymptomatic unvaccinated and CovishieldTM vaccinated individuals tested positive for nucleocapsid antibody.RESULTS Overall,by T5,clinical infection rate was similar in the HR(120/366,32.8%)and LR(22/82,26.8%)groups(P=0.17).However,before vaccination(T3),more HCWs in the HR group developed COVID-19 infection(21.9%vs 8.8%,P=0.046).In the sero-study group,clinical infection occurred in 31.5%(45/143)and 23.7%(14/59)in the HR and LR groups respectively(P=0.23).Spike antibody was detected in 140/143(97.9%)and 56/59(94.9%)and nucleocapsid antibody was positive in 95/143(66.4%)and 35/59(59.3%)in the HR and LR groups respectively(P=0.34).Subclinical infection rate(HR 34.9%,LR 35.6%,P=0.37)and hospitalization rate were similar.There was no mortality.CONCLUSION Before vaccination,HCWs in HR areas had a higher risk of infection.Seroprevalence studies suggest that subclinical infection was not uncommon.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82374325 and 82074322)GDAS'ProjectofScience and Technology Development(No.2022GDASZH-2022010110).
文摘Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic and non-specific inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Huanglian Ganjiang decoction(HGD),derived from ancient book Beiji Qianjin Yao Fang,has demonstrated efficacy in treating UC patients traditionally.Previous research established that the compatibility of cold herb Coptidis Rhizoma+Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex(CP)and hot herb Angelicae Sinensis Radix+Zingiberis Rhizoma(AZ)in HGD synergistically improved colitis mice.This study investigated the compatibility mechanisms through which CP and AZ regulated inflammatory balance in colitis mice.The experimental colitis model was established by administering 3%dextran sulphate sodium(DSS)to mice for 7 days,followed by CP,AZ and CPAZ treatment for an additional 7 days.M1/M2 macrophage polarization levels,glucose metabolites levels and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4(PDK4)expression were analyzed using flow cytometry,Western blot,immunofluorescence and targeted glucose metabolomics.The findings indicated that CP inhibited M1 macrophage polarization,decreased inflammatory metabolites associated with tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle,and suppressed PDK4 expression and pyruvate dehydrogenase(PDH)(Ser-293)phosphorylation level.AZ enhanced M2 macrophage polarization,increased lactate axis metabolite lactate levels,and upregulated PDK4 expression and PDH(Ser-293)phosphorylation level.TCA cycle blocker AG-221 and adeno-associated virus(AAV)-PDK4 partially negated CP’s inhibition of M1 macrophage polarization.Lactate axis antagonist oxamate and PDK4 inhibitor dichloroacetate(DCA)partially reduced AZ’s activation of M2 macrophage polarization.In conclusion,the compatibility of CP and AZ synergistically alleviated colitis in mice through M1/M2 macrophage polarization balance via PDK4-mediated glucose metabolism reprogramming.Specifically,CP reduced M1 macrophage polarization by restoration of TCA cycle via PDK4 inhibition,while AZ increased M2 macrophage polarization through activation of PDK4/lactate axis.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,China(Grant No.:2022YFE0206700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(Grant No.:52474035)。
文摘Enhanced CO_(2)sequestration(ECS)within low-permeable reservoirs during CO_(2)-enhanced oil recovery(CO_(2)-EOR)processes has gained significant interest,primarily driven by the need to mitigate the greenhouse effect caused by excessive CO_(2)emissions.In this work,the in-situ nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)is applied to investigate the oil production and CO_(2)sequestration within the micropores of low-permeable reservoirs.Additionally,the impact of CO_(2)-water-oil-rock reactions on CO_(2)-EOR and CO_(2)sequestration is studied by analysis of the changes in minerals,pore structures,and wettability of cores by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and contact angle measurements with the experiments of CO_(2)-water-oil-rock interaction in the high-temperature and high-pressure(HT-HP)reactor.The results reveal that the residual water saturation(Swr),CO_(2)injection pressure,and the interaction among CO_(2),water,oil,and rock all exerted a considerable impact on oil recovery and CO_(2)sequestratio n.Compared with the oil recovery and CO_(2)sequestration of the two oil-satu rated cores(Core No.2 and Core No.3)after CO_(2)injection,the accumulated oil recoveries of the two cores with S_(wr)=0.5are enhanced by 1.8%and 4.2%,and the CO_(2)sequestration ratios are increased by 3%and 10%,respectively.Compared with the CO_(2)-water-rock that occurred in oil-saturated cores,the CO_(2)-water-rock reaction for cores(S_(wr)=0.5)is more intense,which leads to the formation of more hydrophilic rock on pore surfaces after the reaction,thereby reducing the adhesion work of CO_(2)stripping oil.The oil and water mixtures in pores also inhibit CO_(2)premature breakthrough from cores,therefore expanding the swept volume of CO_(2)in cores.Otherwise,oil recovery and CO_(2)sequestration in small pores of cores are significantly improved with the rise in CO_(2)injection pressure due to the enhanced driving pressure degree and also the improved mutual solubility and mass transfer between CO_(2)and oil.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U22A20184,52250077,and 52272080)the Jilin Province Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20220201093GX)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiessupported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(2018R1A3B1052702 to JSK)the Starting growth Technological R&D Program(TIPS Program,No.S3201803,2021,MW)funded by the Ministry of SMEs and Startups(MSS,Korea).
文摘The rising flexible and intelligent electronics greatly facilitate the noninvasive and timely tracking of physiological information in telemedicine healthcare.Meticulously building bionic-sensitive moieties is vital for designing efficient electronic skin with advanced cognitive functionalities to pluralistically capture external stimuli.However,realistic mimesis,both in the skin’s three-dimensional interlocked hierarchical structures and synchronous encoding multistimuli information capacities,remains a challenging yet vital need for simplifying the design of flexible logic circuits.Herein,we construct an artificial epidermal device by in situ growing Cu_(3)(HHTP)_(2) particles onto the hollow spherical Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) surface,aiming to concurrently emulate the spinous and granular layers of the skin’s epidermis.The bionic Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@Cu_(3)(HHTP)_(2) exhibits independent NO_(2) and pressure response,as well as novel functionalities such as acoustic signature perception and Morse code-encrypted message communication.Ultimately,a wearable alarming system with a mobile application terminal is self-developed by integrating the bimodular senor into flexible printed circuits.This system can assess risk factors related with asthmatic,such as stimulation of external NO_(2) gas,abnormal expiratory behavior and exertion degrees of fingers,achieving a recognition accuracy of 97.6%as assisted by a machine learning algorithm.Our work provides a feasible routine to develop intelligent multifunctional healthcare equipment for burgeoning transformative telemedicine diagnosis.
基金Supported by Taipei Veterans General Hospital,No.V113C-166 and No.V114C-177National Science and Technology Council,R.O.C,No.NSTC113-2314-B-075-007-.
文摘BACKGROUND There are only a few studies on the influence of economic inequalities on youngonset type 2 diabetes(T2D).AIM To examine the impact of different family incomes on the development of youngonset T2D.METHODS We identified 7505336 young adults aged 20-39 years from the 2008 Taiwan region Health Insurance Research Database,China.The young adults were divided into low-income,middle-income,and high-income groups.Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the risks of young-onset T2D and all-cause mortality in low-income and middle-income groups compared with the highincome group.RESULTS With a mean follow-up of 8.0 years,the incidence rates of young-onset T2D were 3.39,3.10,and 2.88 per 1000 person-years in the low-income,middle-income,and high-income groups,respectively.Compared with the high-income group,the risk of young-onset T2D was significantly higher in the low-income[adjusted hazard ratio(aHR)(95%CI):1.46(1.44–1.48)]and middle-income[aHR(95%CI):1.29(1.27–1.31)]groups.All-cause mortality was also higher in the low-income[aHR(95%CI):2.79(2.70–2.88)]and middle-income[aHR(95%CI):1.59(1.53–1.65)]groups.Older age,male sex,obesity,smoking,alcohol-related disorders,hypertension,dyslipidemia,gout,and psychotic disorders were significantly associated with increased risks of both young-onset T2D and mortality.CONCLUSION This nationwide cohort study demonstrated that young people from low-income and middle-income groups had a higher risk of youth-onset T2D and mortality than those from the high-income group.
文摘BACKGROUND Proton pump inhibitors(PPIs)are among the most commonly prescribed medications globally.While concerns exist regarding their association with adverse infection-related outcomes,their impact on coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)severity remains uncertain.Emerging preclinical data suggest immunomodulatory and antiviral properties of PPIs,yet clinical evidence is conflicting.AIM To investigate whether chronic pre-hospital PPI use is associated with improved outcomes in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.METHODS We conducted a retrospective case-control study of adult inpatients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection admitted to a racially and ethnically diverse communityhospital in Massachusetts from July 2021 to March 2022. Patients were stratified by documented pre-hospital PPIuse. The primary outcomes were intensive care unit (ICU) admission, need for invasive mechanical ventilation, andin-hospital mortality. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for demographics, comorbidities, andtreatment variables. Significance was set at P < 0.05.RESULTSAmong 248 patients, 83 (33.4%) were on PPIs prior to hospitalization. Compared to non-users, PPI users hadsignificantly lower rates of ICU admission (13.3% vs 24.8%, P = 0.034), mechanical ventilation (13.3% vs 25.5%, P =0.027), and in-hospital mortality (6.0% vs 17.6%, P = 0.013). Multivariable analysis confirmed these associations:ICU admission [adjusted odds ratios (aOR): 0.462, 95%CI: 0.223–0.955], mechanical ventilation (aOR: 0.447, 95%CI:0.216–0.923), and mortality (aOR: 0.144, 95%CI: 0.031–0.677). Findings were consistent across demographic andcomorbidity strata.CONCLUSIONIn this diverse, real-world United States cohort, chronic pre-hospital PPI use was independently associated withlower odds of intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, and mortality among COVID-19 inpatients.These findings highlight a potentially protective role of PPIs and support continued therapy in eligible patients.
文摘The ground-breaking development of the incretin agonists by manipulation of the incretin system,including the gut hormones glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide(GIP),as well as the pancreatic hor-mone glucagon,has led to the emergence of promising pharmacotherapy for metabolic health.The GLP-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs),namely liraglutide,dulaglutide,albiglutide,exenatide,and semaglutide,have been found to have beneficial effects on glycated hemoglobin,weight,lipid profile,and liver fat and thereby improving cardiometabolic health.Other drugs of the same group in development include Orforglipron,which has a high weight loss efficacy(-15%weight reduction).Long-acting GLP-1RAs in trials are Ecnoglutide,Efpeglenatide,TG103,and Visepegenatide.Many of these have cardiovascular benefits in terms of reduction in MACE(Non-fatal MI,Non-fatal stroke,and mortality).Tirzepatide is a dual GIP/GLP-1RA,the first drug of the group to be approved for diabetes and obesity with remarkably lower gastrointestinal side effects compared to GLP-1 monoagonists.The dual GLP-1/glucagon co-agonists cause tremendous weight loss due to the synergistic action.Most drugs in this class are long-acting and developed for once-weekly administration.The revolutionary triple agonists at the GLP-1,GIP,and Glucagon receptors have demonstrated the highest achievable weight loss with pharmaco-therapy.Retatrutide and Efocipegtrutide belong to this novel group of drugs.The newer drugs in the broad category of incretin co-agonists include the GLP-1/amylin receptor agonist like CagriSema and Amycretin,oral GLP-1 agonists other than semaglutide,and the peptide YY/GLP-1 receptor dual agonists.The profound bioche-mical and weight loss outcomes associated with incretin co-/poly-agonists are expected to translate into outstanding cardiometabolic benefits,the theme of this evidence review.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82172915,No.81972648,and No.81773011Chongqing Medical University Program for Youth Innovation in Future Medicine,No.W0084+1 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chongqing Medical Universityand Chongqing Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.CSTB2023NSCQ-BHX0134.
文摘Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)enters host cells via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)receptor.Mounting evidence has indicated the presence of hepatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and liver injury in pa-tients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Understanding the mechanisms of hepatic SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucial for addressing COVID-19–related liver pathology and developing targeted therapies.This editorial discusses the signi-ficance of ACE2 in hepatic SARS-CoV-2 infection,drawing on the research by Jacobs et al.Their findings indicate that hepatic ACE2 expression,frequency of hepatic SARS-CoV-2 infection,and severity of liver injury are elevated in patients with pre-existing chronic liver diseases.These data suggest that hepatic ACE2 could be a promising therapeutic target for COVID-19.
文摘At present,carbon capture and storage(CCS)is the only mature and commercialized technology capable of effectively and economically reducing greenhouse gas emissions to achieve a significant and immedi-ate impact on the CO_(2) level on Earth.Notably,long-term geological storage of captured CO_(2) has emerged as a primary storage method,given its minimal impact on surface ecological environments and high level of safety.The integrity of CO_(2) storage wellbores can be compromised by the corrosion of steel casings and degradation of cement in supercritical CO_(2) storage environments,potentially leading to the leakage of stored CO_(2) from the sites.This critical review endeavors to establish a knowledge foundation for the cor-rosion and materials degradation associated with geological CO_(2) storage through an in-depth examina-tion and analysis of the environments,operation,and the state-of-the-art progress in research pertaining to the topic.This article discusses the physical and chemical properties of CO_(2) in its supercrit-ical phase during injection and storage.It then introduces the principle of geological CO_(2) storage,consid-erations in the construction of storage systems,and the unique geo-bio-chemical environment involving aqueous media and microbial communities in CO_(2) storage.After a comprehensive analysis of existing knowledge on corrosion in CO_(2) storage,including corrosion mechanisms,parametric effects,and corro-sion rate measurements,this review identifies technical gaps and puts forward potential avenues for fur-ther research in steel corrosion within geological CO_(2) storage systems.
文摘Layered transition metal hydroxides show distinct advantages in separately co-catalyzing CO_(2)reduction and H_(2)O oxidation at the electron-accumulating and hole-accumulating sites of wrapped heterojunction photocatalysts,while concurrently preventing side reactions and photocorrosion on the semiconductor surface.Herein,Ni-Co bimetallic hydroxides with varying Ni/Co molar ratios(Ni_(x)Co_(1-x)(OH)_(2),x=1,0.75,0.5,0.25,and 0)were grown in situ on a model 2D/2D S-scheme heterojunction composed of Cu_(2)O nanosheets and Fe_(2)O_(3)nanoplates to form a series of Cu_(2)O/Fe_(2)O_(3)@Ni_(x)Co_(1-x)(OH)_(2)(CF@NiCo)photocatalysts.The combined experimental and theoretical investigation demonstrates that incorporating an appropriate amount of Co into Ni(OH)_(2)not only modulates the energy band structure of Ni_(x)Co_(1-x)(OH)_(2),balances the electron-and hole-trapping abilities of the bifunctional cocatalyst and maximizes the charge separation efficiency of the heterojunction,but also regulates the d-band center of Ni_(x)Co_(1-x)(OH)_(2),reinforcing the adsorption and activation of CO_(2)and H_(2)O on the cocatalyst surface and lowering the rate-limiting barriers in the CO_(2)-to-CO and H_(2)O-to-O_(2)conversion.Benefiting from the Ni-Co synergy,the redox reactions proceed stoichiometrically.The optimized CF@Ni_(0.75)Co_(0.25)achieves CO and O_(2)yields of 552.7 and 313.0μmol gcat^(-1)h^(-1),respectively,11.3/9.9,1.6/1.7,and 4.5/5.9-fold higher than those of CF,CF@Ni,and CF@Co.This study offers valuable insights into the design of bifunctional noble-metal-free cocatalysts for high-performance artificial photosynthesis.
文摘This study was conducted in two sections.Initially,the effects of NaCl,MgCl_(2),and urea were investigated on extracting copper and iron from chalcopyrite.Subsequently,CuFe_(2)O_(4)-based electrodes for supercapacitors were synthesized using the extracted solution.The first phase revealed that 3 mol/L NaCl achieved the highest extraction performance,yielding 60%Cu and 23%Fe.MgCl_(2)at 1.5 mol/L extracted 52%Cu and 27%Fe,while a combination of 0.5 mol/L MgCl_(2)and 1.6 mol/L urea yielded 57%Cu and 20%Fe.Urea effectively reduced iron levels.CuFe_(2)O_(4)-based electrodes were then successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal method using a MgCl_(2)-urea solution.Characterization studies confirmed CuFe_(2)O_(4)formation with a 2D structure and 45−50 nm wall thickness on nickel foam.Electrochemical analysis showed a specific capacitance of 725 mF/cm^(2)at 2 mA/cm^(2)current density,with energy and power densities of 12.3 mW·h/cm^(2)and 175 mW/cm^(2),respectively.These findings suggest that chalcopyrite has the potential for direct use in energy storage.
基金supported by the Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province University, No.2023AH040394 (to TY)Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center Leading Medicine and Frontier Technology Research Institute Project, No.2023IHM01073 (to TY)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province, Nos.2308085QH258 (to JW), 2008085MH246 (to TY)。
文摘Reducing the secondary inflammatory response, which is partly mediated by microglia, is a key focus in the treatment of spinal cord injury. Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2(SHP2), encoded by PTPN11, is widely expressed in the human body and plays a role in inflammation through various mechanisms. Therefore, SHP2 is considered a potential target for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. However, its role in secondary inflammation after spinal cord injury remains unclear. In this study, SHP2 was found to be abundantly expressed in microglia at the site of spinal cord injury. Inhibition of SHP2 expression using siRNA and SHP2 inhibitors attenuated the microglial inflammatory response in an in vitro lipopolysaccharide-induced model of inflammation. Notably, after treatment with SHP2 inhibitors, mice with spinal cord injury exhibited significantly improved hind limb locomotor function and reduced residual urine volume in the bladder. Subsequent in vitro experiments showed that, in microglia stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, inhibiting SHP2 expression promoted M2 polarization and inhibited M1 polarization. Finally, a co-culture experiment was conducted to assess the effect of microglia treated with SHP2 inhibitors on neuronal cells. The results demonstrated that inflammatory factors produced by microglia promoted neuronal apoptosis, while inhibiting SHP2 expression mitigated these effects. Collectively, our findings suggest that SHP2 enhances secondary inflammation and neuronal damage subsequent to spinal cord injury by modulating microglial phenotype. Therefore, inhibiting SHP2 alleviates the inflammatory response in mice with spinal cord injury and promotes functional recovery postinjury.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0110300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52372215,92163114,and 52202274)+5 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(Grant No.BK20230504)the Special Fund for the"Dual Carbon"Science and Technology Innovation of Jiangsu province(Industrial Prospect and Key Technology Research program)(Grant Nos.BE2022023 and BE2022021)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(Grant No.21KJA430004)Gusu Innovation and Entre preneurship Leading Talent Program(Grant No.ZXL2022451)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M732523)supported by Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nano&Soft Materials,Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science&Technology,the 111 Project.
文摘Lead chalcohalides(PbYX,X=Cl,Br,I;Y=S,Se)is an extension of the classic Pb chalcogenides(PbY).Constructing the heterogeneous integration with PbYX and PbY material systems makes it possible to achieve significantly improved optoelectronic performance.In this work,we studied the effect of introducing halogen precursors on the structure of classical PbS nanocrystals(NCs)during the synthesis process and realized the preparation of PbS/Pb_(3)S_(2)X_(2) core/shell structure for the first time.The core/shell structure can effectively improve their optical properties.Furthermore,our approach enables the synthesis of Pb_(3)S_(2)Br_(2) that had not yet been reported.Our results not only provide valuable insights into the heterogeneous integration of PbYX and PbY materials to elevate material properties but also provide an effective method for further expanding the preparation of PbYX material systems.
文摘Climate change impacts soil nitrogen, influencing plant responses to elevated atmospheric [CO2]. Understanding the interaction between nitrogen supply and elevated [CO2] is crucial for predicting plant future performance. This study examined the interactive effects of elevated [CO2] and nitrogen supply on the eco-physiological performance of yellow birch. Seedlings were exposed to two [CO2] levels and five nitrogen supply levels for 4 months. Growth parameters such as seedling height and root collar diameter increased with higher nitrogen supply and elevated [CO2], while specific leaf area decreased. [CO2] elevation and increasing nitrogen supply also increased the total and stem, and leaf biomass. The elevated [CO2] increased the stem mass ratio but decreased the root-to-shoot ratio and root mass ratio. However, decreases in nitrogen supply increased root mass ratio and root-to-shoot ratio. The elevated [CO2] increased the maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylation (Vcmax) and photosynthetic electron transport (Jmax), but the effect on Jmax was statistically significant only at the two highest nitrogen supply levels. The results indicate that yellow birch may increase photosynthetic capacity, biomass, and growth in the future when [CO2] is higher.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3708400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52305158)+1 种基金the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.2022QNRC001)the Science Innovation Foundation of Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology(No.USCAST2021-18).
文摘Mg alloys have the defects of low stiffness,low strength,and high coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE).The composites strategy and its architecture design are effective approaches to improve the comprehensive performance of materials,but the processing difficulty,especially in ceramics forming,limits the control and innovation of material architecture.Here,combined with 3D printing and squeeze infiltration technology,two precisely controllable architectures of AZ91/Al_(2)O_(3)interpenetrating phase composites(IPC)with ceramic scaffold were prepared.The interface,properties and impact of different architecture on IPC performance were studied by experiments and finite element simulation.The metallurgical bonding of the interface was realized with the formation of MgAl_(2)O_(4)reaction layer.The IPC with 1 mm circular hole scaffold(1C-IPC)exhibited significantly improved elastic modulus of 164 GPa,high compressive strength of 680 MPa,and good CTE of 12.91×10^(-6)K^(−1),which were 3.64 times,1.98 times and 55%of the Mg matrix,respectively.Their elastic modulus,compressive strength,and CTE were superior to the vast majority of Mg alloys and Mg based composites.The reinforcement and matrix were bicontinuous and interpenetrating each other,which played a critical role in ensuring the potent strengthening effect of the Al_(2)O_(3)reinforcement by efficient load transfer.Under the same volume fraction of reinforcements,compared to IPC with 1 mm hexagonal hole scaffold(1H-IPC),the elastic modulus and compressive strength of 1C-IPC increased by 15%and 28%,respectively,which was due to the reduced stress concentration and more uniform stress distribution of 1C-IPC.It shows great potential of architecture design in improving the performance of composites.This study provides architectural design strategy and feasible preparation method for the development of high performance materials.
文摘Hurricanes cause significant damage to tropical forests;however,little is known of their effects on decomposition and decomposer communities.This study demonstrated that canopy debris deposited during Hurricane Otto stimulated sequential changes in soil carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)components,and decomposer microbial communities over 5 years.The initial response phase occurred within 2 years post-hurricane and appeared associated with decomposition of the labile canopy debris,suggested by:increased DNA sequences(MPS)of the Acidobacterial community(as common decomposers of labile plant material),decreases in total organic C(TOC),increased biomass C,respiration,and NH_(4)^(+),conversion of organic C in biomass,and decreased MPS of complex organic C decomposing(CCD_(ec))Fungal community.After 3 years post-hurricane,the later response phase appeared associated with decomposition of the more stable components of the canopy debris,suggested by:increased MPS of the Fungal CCDec community,TOC,stabilized Respiration,decreased Biomass C,the return to pre-hurricane levels of the conversion of organic C to biomass,and decreased MPS of Acidobacterial community.These changes in the microbial community compositions resulted in progressive decomposition of the hurricane-deposited canopy material within 5 years,resulting several potential indicators of different stages of decomposition and soil recovery post-disturbance.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant No.2022YFC0867500,2020YFA0712102)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.82151224,82202492)+3 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(grant No.QNTD 2023-01)Nutrition and Care of Maternal&Child Research Project of Biostime Institute of Nutrition&Care(grant No.2023BINCMCF28)State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity of China(grant No.SKLPBS2438)State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine(grant No.CBCM2024204).
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in preventing and treating COVID-19,and Fuzheng Jiedu decoction(FZJDD)was reported to be effective against COVID-19 in clinical trials.To investigate the potential mechanisms and material basis of FZJDD against SARS-CoV-2,we performed SARS-CoV-2 target protein inhibition analyses and a metabolite full spectrum analysis of FZJDD.Interestingly,FZJDD was found to block the binding of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein with the receptor ACE2 and inhibit the activity of SARS-CoV-23CLpro.Moreover,FZJDD can regulate the TNF and the MAPK signaling pathway to inhibit the inflammatory response and alleviate the“cytokine storm”.A total of 298 compounds were identified in FZJDD,among them,caffeic acid and octyl gallate were found to be the potential therapeutic agents of FZJDD.Importantly,FZJDD can broadly inhibit coronavirus infection,including SADS-CoV and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)live viruses,SARS-CoV,MERS-CoV,and SARS-CoV-2 mutant pseudotyped viruses,which might be ascribed to the broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus activity of caffeic acid and octyl gallate.In conclusion,this study reveals the mechanisms and material basis of FZJDD against SARS-CoV-2 and identifies the broadspectrum anti-coronavirus activity of FZJDD for the first time.Our data provide empirical evidence for the development and application of FZJDD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42105159)the Key Technologies Research and Development Program(No.2022YFF0606400)+2 种基金China Meteorological Administration“Research on value realization of climate ecological products”Youth Innovation Team Project(No.CMA2024QN15)Jiangxi Meteorological Technology Project(Nos.JX2021Z06,JX2022Z03,and JX2023Z03)the Joint Open Fund of the Institute of Atmospheric Environment,China Meteorological Administration,Shenyang and Key Laboratory of Agro-Meteorological Disasters of Liaoning Province(No.2024SYIAEKFZD05)。
文摘Although atmospheric CO_(2) observations are becoming increasingly widespread in China,the identification of CO_(2) emission sources is still scarce,especially in undeveloped Central China.To effectively address this issue,in a typical site in Central China,the simultaneous measurements of atmospheric CO_(2),CO,andδ^(13)C were conducted,and the characteristics of CO_(2) emission sources were systematically investigated based on the relationships among CO_(2),CO,andδ^(13)C.The average CO_(2)/CO ratio of winter increased from 52.4 ppm/ppm during 2018–2020 to 65.1 ppm/ppm during 2021–2022,which confirmed the improvement of energy consumption efficiency in China.Air-mass transportation from central China and Yangtze River Delta regions contributed largely to higher CO_(2)/CO ratios in 2021–2022.A highermean CO_(2)/CO ratio appeared during the morning rush hours(60.3 ppm/ppm)than in the afternoon rush hours(51.4 ppm/ppm)in winter.In addition,the meanδ^(13)C value of CO_(2) sources(δ^(13)Cs)also displayed more negative values during the morning rush hours(-28.3‰)than the afternoon rush hours(-22.2‰),suggesting the significant influence of vehicle and natural gas usage at themorning rush hours and the impact of straw burning in the afternoon rush hours.The meanδ^(13)Cs was-24.7‰for winter and-21.9‰for vegetation season,implying the main contribution of coal in winter and the impact of C4 plants during the vegetation season.The contribution of biogenic respiration CO_(2) was inferred to exceed 50%during the nighttime of summer according to the obtained meanδ^(13)C value of biogenic respiration CO_(2),which was calculated to be-21.4‰.
基金supported by the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20596).
文摘CO_(2)injection in shale oil reservoirs has emerged as a promising technique for simultaneously achieving CO_(2)geological storage and enhancing shale oil recovery.This study investigates the potential of CO_(2)injection into shale oil reservoirs with natural fractures for carbon storage and enhanced oil recovery through a combination of experimental and numerical simulations.It focuses on the synergistic effects on carbon storage capacity and oil recovery efficiency.A series of CO_(2)injection experiments using online NMR T_(2)and stratified T_(2)technology were conducted to validate the feasibility of carbon storage and oil recovery in shale oil reservoirs.The shale samples consist of three distinct pore space systems:kerogen,inorganic matrix,and shale bedding fractures.A coupled multiscale-multiphase simulation model was developed to facilitate a comprehensive analysis of the underlying mechanisms.In the model,kerogen,inorganic matrix,and shale bedding fractures are defined as triple-continuum media.The model integrates the mechanisms of molecular diffusion,adsorption,and viscous flow to accurately represent the mass transport processes during CO_(2)injection in shale oil reservoirs.Within this framework,a series of mass transport partial differential equations were derived to describe the CO_(2)injection process.The finite element method was used to numerically solve these equations,and the proposed model was validated against experimental results.Sensitivity analyses yielded the following results:(1)The shale bedding fractures are not only key reservoir spaces for shale oil but also the key mass transfer channels for shale oil and CO_(2)during CO_(2)injection.Increasing the permeability of the shale bedding fractures can significantly improve oil recovery efficiency and CO_(2)adsorption amount.(2)The kerogen content and organic porosity have a significant impact on CO_(2)adsorption amount and shale oil recovery factor,respectively.(3)High production pressure is essential for maximizing carbon storage capacity.Simultaneously,increasing injection pressure can effectively enhance carbon storage and shale oil recovery.
文摘BACKGROUND At present,China has become the country with the largest number of individuals with diabetes mellitus(DM)in the world,with a total of approximately 140 million patients,the majority of whom have type 2 DM(T2DM).Based on conven-tional nursing methods,community home care has important clinical significance in controlling blood sugar and disease progression.AIM To explore the impact of community public health nursing on treatment effect,health cognition,and self-management in patients with T2DM.METHODS One hundred patients with T2DM were selected as the research subjects.The patients were divided into either a conventional nursing group or community nursing(CN)group using the random number table method.The conventional nursing group(50 cases)received routine care,while the CN group(50 cases)received community public health care in addition to routine care as that for the conventional nursing group.The rate of excellent and good blood glucose control,fasting blood glucose before and after care,2-h postprandial blood glucose,health cognition,and self-management ability,and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The CN group had a higher rate of excellent blood sugar control than the conventional nursing group(88%vs 70%,P<0.05).Before care,there was no significant difference in fasting blood glucose or 2-h postprandial blood glucose between the two groups of patients(P>0.05).After nursing,fasting blood glucose and 2-h postprandial blood glucose were reduced to varying degrees in both groups,and both blood glucose levels in the CN group were lower than those of the conventional nursing group(P<0.05).Compared with the scores before care,the cognitive level score for diabetes and self-management ability score improved after care in both groups.The cognitive level and self-management ability of patients in the CN group were higher than those of the conventional nursing group(P<0.05).The overall satisfaction of the CN group was better than that of the conventional nursing group(98%vs 86%,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Community public health care based on conventional care of T2DM can achieve better blood sugar control,and improve patients’health cognitive level and self-management ability.
