In order to identify the day and night pollution sources of PM10 in ambient air in Longyan City,the authors analyzed the elemental composition of respirable particulate matters in the day and night ambient air samples...In order to identify the day and night pollution sources of PM10 in ambient air in Longyan City,the authors analyzed the elemental composition of respirable particulate matters in the day and night ambient air samples and various pollution sources which were collected in January 2010 in Longyan with inductivity coupled plasma-mass spectrometry（ICP-MS）.Then chemical mass balance（CMB） model and factor analysis（FA） method were applied to comparatively study the inorganic components in the sources and receptor samples.The results of factor analysis show that the major sources were road dust,waste incineration and mixed sources which contained automobile exhaust,soil dust/secondary dust and coal dust during the daytime in Longyan City,China.There are two major sources of pollution which are soil dust and mixture sources of automobile exhaust and secondary dust during the night in Longyan.The results of CMB show that the major sources are secondary dust,automobile exhaust and road dust during the daytime in Longyan.The major sources are secondary dust,soil dust and automobile exhaust during the night in Longyan.The results of the two methods are similar to each other and the results will guide us to plan to control the PM10 pollution sources in Longyan.展开更多
This brief note brings the reader up-to-date with the recent successes of the new Haug-Tatum cosmology model. In particular, the significance of recent proof that the Stefan-Boltzmann law applies to such a model is em...This brief note brings the reader up-to-date with the recent successes of the new Haug-Tatum cosmology model. In particular, the significance of recent proof that the Stefan-Boltzmann law applies to such a model is emphasized and a rationale for this is given. Remarkably, the proposed solutions of this model have incorporated all 580 supernova redshifts in the Union2 database. Therefore, one can usefully apply this thermodynamic law in the form of a continually expanding black-body universe model. To our knowledge, no other cosmological model has achieved such high-precision observational correlation.展开更多
Using a rigorous mathematical approach, we demonstrate how the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature could simply be a form of geometric mean temperature between the minimum time-dependent Hawking Hubble tempe...Using a rigorous mathematical approach, we demonstrate how the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature could simply be a form of geometric mean temperature between the minimum time-dependent Hawking Hubble temperature and the maximum Planck temperature of the expanding universe over the course of cosmic time. This mathematical discovery suggests a re-consideration of Rh=ctcosmological models, including black hole cosmological models, even if it possibly could also be consistent with the Λ-CDM model. Most importantly, this paper contributes to the growing literature in the past year asserting a tightly constrained mathematical relationship between the CMB temperature, the Hubble constant, and other global parameters of the Hubble sphere. Our approach suggests a solid theoretical framework for predicting and understanding the CMB temperature rather than solely observing it.1.展开更多
采集山东大学环境空气样品和污染源样品,分析其化学成分。采用化学质量平衡(Chemical Mass Balance,CMB)源解析技术,研究探讨山东大学环境空气中PM2.5的来源。结果表明:对山东大学有明显贡献的颗粒物源类是煤烟尘、机动车尾气尘、土壤尘、扬...采集山东大学环境空气样品和污染源样品,分析其化学成分。采用化学质量平衡(Chemical Mass Balance,CMB)源解析技术,研究探讨山东大学环境空气中PM2.5的来源。结果表明:对山东大学有明显贡献的颗粒物源类是煤烟尘、机动车尾气尘、土壤尘、扬尘、建筑尘、钢铁尘、硫酸盐和硝酸盐等,并且城市区域尘大于外来尘的贡献,各源类PM2.5贡献值和分担率的季节变化较明显。展开更多
文章综合运用多种源解析技术针对合肥市颗粒物来源进行研究。以化学质量平衡(chemical mass balance,CMB)模型和化学质量平衡嵌套迭代(chemical mass balance-iteration,CMB-Iteration)模型为主解析一次排放源和二次源(包括硫酸盐、硝...文章综合运用多种源解析技术针对合肥市颗粒物来源进行研究。以化学质量平衡(chemical mass balance,CMB)模型和化学质量平衡嵌套迭代(chemical mass balance-iteration,CMB-Iteration)模型为主解析一次排放源和二次源(包括硫酸盐、硝酸盐、二次有机物等,简称“二次源”)对PM2.5的贡献,将排放源清单法和CMB模型结果相结合解析二次粒子前体物排放源的贡献,采用空气质量模型评估区域影响的贡献,按照行业排放清单,综合得到燃煤、工业生产、机动车及其他源类对PM2.5的贡献,并运用正定矩阵因子法(positive matrix factorization,PMF)进行源类识别。研究结果显示:合肥市全年PM2.5中主要组分占比由高到低依次为SO42-、NO3-、有机碳(organic carbon,OC)、NH4+、元素碳(elemental carbon,EC)、Si、Ca、Al、Fe,SO42-占比最高(20.50%),碳组分(OC+EC)次之(19.59%),NO3-居于第3位(16.45%);采样期间PM2.5的全年本地各源类分担率从大到小依次为燃煤尘(21.7%)、二次硫酸盐(18.0%)、二次硝酸盐(16.7%)、城市扬尘(16.6%)、其他(12.6%)、机动车尾气尘(11.0%)、建筑尘(2.3%)、钢铁尘(1.1%,此处仅为钢铁制造工艺排放的贡献)。PM2.5本地来源综合源解析结果显示,机动车尾气尘占比为16.0%、工业生产(指工业锅炉与窑炉、生产工艺过程等排放)为31.0%、燃煤尘(指电厂燃煤、居民散烧等)为21.5%、扬尘(指裸露表面、建筑施工、道路扬尘、土壤风沙等排放)为18.9%、其他(指生物质燃烧、餐饮、农业生产等排放)为12.6%。PMF模型解析结果显示,PM2.5中的二次源(指二次硫酸盐和二次硝酸盐)、燃煤尘、机动车尾气尘及地壳尘等4个因子占比达到了96.3%。展开更多
基金Supported by the Natural Basic Research Program of China(No.2005CB422207)the Fund of Eco-enviromental Impacts and Protection in Devoloping and Utilizing of Oil-shale Resources(No.OSR-01-06)
文摘In order to identify the day and night pollution sources of PM10 in ambient air in Longyan City,the authors analyzed the elemental composition of respirable particulate matters in the day and night ambient air samples and various pollution sources which were collected in January 2010 in Longyan with inductivity coupled plasma-mass spectrometry（ICP-MS）.Then chemical mass balance（CMB） model and factor analysis（FA） method were applied to comparatively study the inorganic components in the sources and receptor samples.The results of factor analysis show that the major sources were road dust,waste incineration and mixed sources which contained automobile exhaust,soil dust/secondary dust and coal dust during the daytime in Longyan City,China.There are two major sources of pollution which are soil dust and mixture sources of automobile exhaust and secondary dust during the night in Longyan.The results of CMB show that the major sources are secondary dust,automobile exhaust and road dust during the daytime in Longyan.The major sources are secondary dust,soil dust and automobile exhaust during the night in Longyan.The results of the two methods are similar to each other and the results will guide us to plan to control the PM10 pollution sources in Longyan.
文摘This brief note brings the reader up-to-date with the recent successes of the new Haug-Tatum cosmology model. In particular, the significance of recent proof that the Stefan-Boltzmann law applies to such a model is emphasized and a rationale for this is given. Remarkably, the proposed solutions of this model have incorporated all 580 supernova redshifts in the Union2 database. Therefore, one can usefully apply this thermodynamic law in the form of a continually expanding black-body universe model. To our knowledge, no other cosmological model has achieved such high-precision observational correlation.
文摘Using a rigorous mathematical approach, we demonstrate how the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature could simply be a form of geometric mean temperature between the minimum time-dependent Hawking Hubble temperature and the maximum Planck temperature of the expanding universe over the course of cosmic time. This mathematical discovery suggests a re-consideration of Rh=ctcosmological models, including black hole cosmological models, even if it possibly could also be consistent with the Λ-CDM model. Most importantly, this paper contributes to the growing literature in the past year asserting a tightly constrained mathematical relationship between the CMB temperature, the Hubble constant, and other global parameters of the Hubble sphere. Our approach suggests a solid theoretical framework for predicting and understanding the CMB temperature rather than solely observing it.1.
文摘采集山东大学环境空气样品和污染源样品,分析其化学成分。采用化学质量平衡(Chemical Mass Balance,CMB)源解析技术,研究探讨山东大学环境空气中PM2.5的来源。结果表明:对山东大学有明显贡献的颗粒物源类是煤烟尘、机动车尾气尘、土壤尘、扬尘、建筑尘、钢铁尘、硫酸盐和硝酸盐等,并且城市区域尘大于外来尘的贡献,各源类PM2.5贡献值和分担率的季节变化较明显。
文摘文章综合运用多种源解析技术针对合肥市颗粒物来源进行研究。以化学质量平衡(chemical mass balance,CMB)模型和化学质量平衡嵌套迭代(chemical mass balance-iteration,CMB-Iteration)模型为主解析一次排放源和二次源(包括硫酸盐、硝酸盐、二次有机物等,简称“二次源”)对PM2.5的贡献,将排放源清单法和CMB模型结果相结合解析二次粒子前体物排放源的贡献,采用空气质量模型评估区域影响的贡献,按照行业排放清单,综合得到燃煤、工业生产、机动车及其他源类对PM2.5的贡献,并运用正定矩阵因子法(positive matrix factorization,PMF)进行源类识别。研究结果显示:合肥市全年PM2.5中主要组分占比由高到低依次为SO42-、NO3-、有机碳(organic carbon,OC)、NH4+、元素碳(elemental carbon,EC)、Si、Ca、Al、Fe,SO42-占比最高(20.50%),碳组分(OC+EC)次之(19.59%),NO3-居于第3位(16.45%);采样期间PM2.5的全年本地各源类分担率从大到小依次为燃煤尘(21.7%)、二次硫酸盐(18.0%)、二次硝酸盐(16.7%)、城市扬尘(16.6%)、其他(12.6%)、机动车尾气尘(11.0%)、建筑尘(2.3%)、钢铁尘(1.1%,此处仅为钢铁制造工艺排放的贡献)。PM2.5本地来源综合源解析结果显示,机动车尾气尘占比为16.0%、工业生产(指工业锅炉与窑炉、生产工艺过程等排放)为31.0%、燃煤尘(指电厂燃煤、居民散烧等)为21.5%、扬尘(指裸露表面、建筑施工、道路扬尘、土壤风沙等排放)为18.9%、其他(指生物质燃烧、餐饮、农业生产等排放)为12.6%。PMF模型解析结果显示,PM2.5中的二次源(指二次硫酸盐和二次硝酸盐)、燃煤尘、机动车尾气尘及地壳尘等4个因子占比达到了96.3%。
