To reduce their fuel related logistic burden,North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO)Armed Forces are advancing the use of a single fuel for both aircraft and ground equipment.To this end,F-34(the commercial equivalen...To reduce their fuel related logistic burden,North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO)Armed Forces are advancing the use of a single fuel for both aircraft and ground equipment.To this end,F-34(the commercial equivalent is Jet A-1)is replacing distillate diesel fuel in many applications.However,tests conducted with this kerosene type on high frequency reciprocating rig showed that this type of fuel causes unacceptable wear.This excessive wear is caused by the poor lubricity of aviation fuel.In order to make this type of fuel compatible with direct injection compression engines,seven di-carboxylic acid esters have tested to improve the lubricity of kerosene.Tribological results showed that all esters tested in this series of experiments seem to be suitable for increasing the kerosene lubricity to a satisfactory level.展开更多
This study investigates the effect of aluminium oxide nanoparticlesaddition to biodiesel blends made from dairy milk scum on performance and combustion characteristics of the diesel engine.The dispersion of Al_(2)O_(3...This study investigates the effect of aluminium oxide nanoparticlesaddition to biodiesel blends made from dairy milk scum on performance and combustion characteristics of the diesel engine.The dispersion of Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles in B20 blends at different concentrations was done with the help of ultrasonicator.Good number of blends were prepared for the analysis.Advanced Machine learning algorithms(Random Forest(RF)and CatBoost)was used for the prediction.The results show that in comparison to biodiesel blends without nanoparticles,the kinematic viscosity and density is higher for fuel blends with nanoparticles.But these Fuel blends have higher calorific values.These blends exhibited reduced Brake Specific Fuel Consumption(BSFC)of 2.85% than the blends without nano particles(Dairy Scum Methyl Ester Biodiesel 20%+Neat Diesel 80%(in volume),DSMEB20),57.14%less CO,40.8% less hydrocarbon,and increased NO_(x)emissions compared to conventional diesel,contributing to the development of environmentally friendly and renewable biofuel blends with nanoparticles.DSME B20NP30 is the optimal blend for performance and emission characteristics.The study concludes with findings on enhanced Brake Thermal Efficiency(BTE)of 26.29% in 3×10^(-5)(in volume)Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticle-blended DSME B20 and other DSME B20 fuel blends,emphasizing the importance of optimal nanoparticle concentration.The correlation matrix shows how engine load,efficiency measures(BTE,BSFC),and emissions(CO,CO_(2),NO_(x),Smoke)are connected in complex ways.The results help us understand the complicated dynamics of engine performance and emission characteristics better.Taylor's diagram for BTE and BSFC shows that CatBoost-based BTE models perform superior to RF-based models during the training as well as testing phase.Similar results were obtained for CO and CO_(2)emission results.展开更多
Coordinated transcriptional control employing synthetic promoters and transcription factors （TFs） can be used to achieve customized regulation of gene expression in planta. Synthetic promoter technology has yielded ...Coordinated transcriptional control employing synthetic promoters and transcription factors （TFs） can be used to achieve customized regulation of gene expression in planta. Synthetic promoter technology has yielded a series of promoters with modified cis-regulatory elements that provide useful tools for efficient modulation of gene expression. In addition, the use of zinc fingers （ZFs）, transcription activator-like effectors （TALEs）, and catalytically inactive clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats （CRISPR）-associated protein 9 （dCas9） has made it feasible to engineer TFs that can produce targeted gene expression regulation; these approaches are particularly effective when artificial TFs are coupled with transcriptional activators or repressors. This review focuses on strategies used to engineer both promoters and TFs in the context of targeted transcriptional regulation. We also discuss the creation of synthetic inducible platforms, which can be used to impart stress tolerance to plants. We propose that combinatorial ＂cis-trans engineering＂ using a CRISPR-dCas9-based bipartite module could be used to regulate the expression of multiple target genes. This approach provides an attractive tool for introduction of specific qualitative traits into plants, thus enhancing their overall environmental adaptability.展开更多
文摘To reduce their fuel related logistic burden,North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO)Armed Forces are advancing the use of a single fuel for both aircraft and ground equipment.To this end,F-34(the commercial equivalent is Jet A-1)is replacing distillate diesel fuel in many applications.However,tests conducted with this kerosene type on high frequency reciprocating rig showed that this type of fuel causes unacceptable wear.This excessive wear is caused by the poor lubricity of aviation fuel.In order to make this type of fuel compatible with direct injection compression engines,seven di-carboxylic acid esters have tested to improve the lubricity of kerosene.Tribological results showed that all esters tested in this series of experiments seem to be suitable for increasing the kerosene lubricity to a satisfactory level.
基金the support provided by Researchers Supporting Project Number RSP2024R424,King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia。
文摘This study investigates the effect of aluminium oxide nanoparticlesaddition to biodiesel blends made from dairy milk scum on performance and combustion characteristics of the diesel engine.The dispersion of Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles in B20 blends at different concentrations was done with the help of ultrasonicator.Good number of blends were prepared for the analysis.Advanced Machine learning algorithms(Random Forest(RF)and CatBoost)was used for the prediction.The results show that in comparison to biodiesel blends without nanoparticles,the kinematic viscosity and density is higher for fuel blends with nanoparticles.But these Fuel blends have higher calorific values.These blends exhibited reduced Brake Specific Fuel Consumption(BSFC)of 2.85% than the blends without nano particles(Dairy Scum Methyl Ester Biodiesel 20%+Neat Diesel 80%(in volume),DSMEB20),57.14%less CO,40.8% less hydrocarbon,and increased NO_(x)emissions compared to conventional diesel,contributing to the development of environmentally friendly and renewable biofuel blends with nanoparticles.DSME B20NP30 is the optimal blend for performance and emission characteristics.The study concludes with findings on enhanced Brake Thermal Efficiency(BTE)of 26.29% in 3×10^(-5)(in volume)Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticle-blended DSME B20 and other DSME B20 fuel blends,emphasizing the importance of optimal nanoparticle concentration.The correlation matrix shows how engine load,efficiency measures(BTE,BSFC),and emissions(CO,CO_(2),NO_(x),Smoke)are connected in complex ways.The results help us understand the complicated dynamics of engine performance and emission characteristics better.Taylor's diagram for BTE and BSFC shows that CatBoost-based BTE models perform superior to RF-based models during the training as well as testing phase.Similar results were obtained for CO and CO_(2)emission results.
文摘Coordinated transcriptional control employing synthetic promoters and transcription factors （TFs） can be used to achieve customized regulation of gene expression in planta. Synthetic promoter technology has yielded a series of promoters with modified cis-regulatory elements that provide useful tools for efficient modulation of gene expression. In addition, the use of zinc fingers （ZFs）, transcription activator-like effectors （TALEs）, and catalytically inactive clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats （CRISPR）-associated protein 9 （dCas9） has made it feasible to engineer TFs that can produce targeted gene expression regulation; these approaches are particularly effective when artificial TFs are coupled with transcriptional activators or repressors. This review focuses on strategies used to engineer both promoters and TFs in the context of targeted transcriptional regulation. We also discuss the creation of synthetic inducible platforms, which can be used to impart stress tolerance to plants. We propose that combinatorial ＂cis-trans engineering＂ using a CRISPR-dCas9-based bipartite module could be used to regulate the expression of multiple target genes. This approach provides an attractive tool for introduction of specific qualitative traits into plants, thus enhancing their overall environmental adaptability.
