在沉降炉中进行了准东煤的燃烧实验,利用计算机控制扫描电镜技术(computer controlled scanning electron microscopy,CCSEM)研究了煤中矿物质的转化行为。研究表明煤中主要矿物为方解石、高岭石、含铁类物质以及未分类矿物,燃烧后灰中...在沉降炉中进行了准东煤的燃烧实验,利用计算机控制扫描电镜技术(computer controlled scanning electron microscopy,CCSEM)研究了煤中矿物质的转化行为。研究表明煤中主要矿物为方解石、高岭石、含铁类物质以及未分类矿物,燃烧后灰中石英、铁的氧化物、白云石的含量急剧增加,未分类矿物和方解石的含量下降。同时对3种重要致渣元素Na、Fe、Ca在燃烧前后的矿物转化行为及颗粒粒径分布进行了详细研究。展开更多
利用计算机控制扫描电镜技术(Computer Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy,CCSEM)研究了煤中矿物特性及其在燃烧过程中的转化行为。结果表明原煤中矿物主要为粘土和黄铁矿,且主要以外在矿物的形式存在,粒径多在10μm以上,而内在...利用计算机控制扫描电镜技术(Computer Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy,CCSEM)研究了煤中矿物特性及其在燃烧过程中的转化行为。结果表明原煤中矿物主要为粘土和黄铁矿,且主要以外在矿物的形式存在,粒径多在10μm以上,而内在矿物绝大部分小于10μm。不同矿物具有不同的粒径分布和内在/外在特性,显示煤中矿物分布的非均一性。煤灰主要由莫来石、铁、钙和钠的铝硅酸盐组成。通过K、Fe、Ca和Na在原煤及其产物所含矿物中的质量分布对比,揭示了它们在燃烧过程中的转化行为。煤灰粒径的变大是矿物颗粒熔融聚合的结果。展开更多
The mineral features, ash composition, ash fusion temperature of Huainan coals were investigated by CCSEM, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and JIS (Japan Industrial Standard) ash cone melting method respectively. The mineral...The mineral features, ash composition, ash fusion temperature of Huainan coals were investigated by CCSEM, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and JIS (Japan Industrial Standard) ash cone melting method respectively. The mineral matter is characterized by higher aluminosilicate clay minerals contents (more than 60% of the total mineral matter in coal) with quartz, which accounts for the higher ash flow temperatures, frequently higher than1 500℃. The contents of calcite and dolomite in Huainan coals range from 0.16% to about 11.57%. Another important non-silicate mineral matter, pyrite, ranges from 0.73% to 12.25%. Low amount of kaolinite-type clays and high amount of calcite and pyrite in the HN115 and XM coals are beneficial to ash melting. It is suggested that the high content of kaolinite in Huainan coals shows the high ash fusion temperature. CCSEM results also provide the size distribution of the minerals in Huainan coals. Generally, the mineral has bimodal size distribution in 6 Huainan coals.展开更多
长距离传输的含铁沙尘不但能够改变区域乃至全球辐射平衡,还是海洋初级生产所需营养物质的主要来源,对全球气候和环境变化有重要影响。矿物分析显示不同源区沙尘铁的空间分布和效应存在显著差异,但量化粒径相关的沙尘铁矿物组成尚缺乏...长距离传输的含铁沙尘不但能够改变区域乃至全球辐射平衡,还是海洋初级生产所需营养物质的主要来源,对全球气候和环境变化有重要影响。矿物分析显示不同源区沙尘铁的空间分布和效应存在显著差异,但量化粒径相关的沙尘铁矿物组成尚缺乏有效手段。本研究借助计算机控制扫描电子显微镜(CCSEM)测定青藏高原地表风蚀释放的27,190个沙尘单颗粒,定量获得沙尘铁的数量丰度、粒径、形貌特征,及其矿物组成等信息。结果显示:(1) 高原沙尘铁单个粒子的粒径分布和形貌参数存在地域差异;(2) 绿泥石、伊利石和蛭石是高原含铁沙尘粒子的主要矿物类型,共占含铁颗粒总数的80.3%~84.1%;(3) 高原沙尘铁粒度分布的峰值粒径介于1.3~2.0 μm,而质量则富集在较粗粒子部分(3.2~7.9 μm)。CCSEM提供的微观理化定量数据可用于模式研究,提高气候和生物地球化学循环模拟的准确性。Iron-containing mineral dust aerosols can induce perturbation of regional and global radiation balance, and impact the global carbon cycle and climate change by acting as a major source of nutrients for marine primary production. The characterization of mineral dust showed spatial variations in the distributions of iron-containing particles and their potential effects on climate and environment. However, a knowledge gap remains in the size-resolved mineralogical compositions of iron-containing particles due to the lack of effective analytical methods. In this study, 27,190 individual mineral dust particles released by a simulated wind erosion process on the surface soil from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau were determined by a computer controlled scanning electron microscopy (CCSEM) system. The quantitative results of particle size, morphology and mineral compositions of iron-containing mineral dusts show that: (1) A spatial variation remained in the particle size distribution and morphological properties of the iron-containing mineral dust particles all over the Plateau. (2) Chlorite, illite and vermiculite predominated iron-containing mineral dusts of the plateau, accounting for 80.3%~84.1% in numbers;(3) The amount of iron-containing mineral dusts is enriched in the fine particle size mode (peak size range 1.3~2.0 μm), whilst their mass is enriched in the coarse particles (3.2~7.9 μm). CCSEM is capable to provide quantitative data on the microphysical and chemical properties of iron-containing mineral dusts, which may improve the accuracy of climate and biogeochemical models.展开更多
采用座逾渗模型,引入计算机控制扫描电镜(computer-controlled scanning electron microscope,CCSEM)矿物原粒径数据作模型初始矿物数据,考察了不同孔隙分布对煤焦转化与破碎的影响,煤焦转化过程对破碎程度的影响,以及煤焦破碎和内在矿...采用座逾渗模型,引入计算机控制扫描电镜(computer-controlled scanning electron microscope,CCSEM)矿物原粒径数据作模型初始矿物数据,考察了不同孔隙分布对煤焦转化与破碎的影响,煤焦转化过程对破碎程度的影响,以及煤焦破碎和内在矿聚合对飞灰颗粒物尤其是1～10μm颗粒物最终分布的影响。模拟结果表明:煤焦初始孔隙率越大,表面反应面积和破碎次数均越大。当φ≥0.4时,煤焦破碎明显集中于转化率为0.4～0.7的阶段,且峰值有一定的向转化前期移动的趋势。初始孔隙率φ越大,颗粒破碎就越剧烈,内在矿聚合概率小,10μm以内颗粒物的数目明显增大。随着φ值的增大,生成颗粒物的浓度尤其是1～10μm颗粒物的浓度逐渐升高,最终颗粒物浓度分布到在3～5μm和6～8μm存在2个峰值,这与实际燃烧生成的中间模态和粗模态颗粒物的峰值基本吻合。展开更多
By using the advanced instrumentation of a Computer Controlled Scanning Electron Microscope （CCSEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and X-ray fluorescence （XRF）, the ash composition and the mineral components of six ty...By using the advanced instrumentation of a Computer Controlled Scanning Electron Microscope （CCSEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and X-ray fluorescence （XRF）, the ash composition and the mineral components of six typical Huainan coals of different origins were studied. The transformation of mineral matter at high temperatures was tracked by XRD in reducing conditions. The quartz phase decreased sharply and the anorthite content tended to increase at first and then decreased with increasing temperatures. The formed mullite phase reached a maximum at 1250 ℃ but showed a tendency of slow decline when the temperature was over 1250 ℃. The mullite formed in the heating process was the main reason of the high ash melting temperature of Huainan coals. Differences in peak intensity of mullite and anorthite reflected differences in phase concentration of the quenched slag fractions, which contributed to the differences in ash melting temperatures. The differences in the location of an mnorphous hump maximum indicated differences of glass types which may affect ash melting temperatures. For Huainan coal samples with relatively high ash melting tempera- tures, the intensity of the diffraction lines for mullite under reducing condition is high while for the samples with relatively low ash melting temperature the intensity for anorthite is high.展开更多
In this paper,refuse derived fuel(RDF)and bituminous coal were co-fired to investigate the particulate matter(PM)yields and the interaction between the inherit minerals in a lab-scale drop tube furnace(DTF).The PM1-10...In this paper,refuse derived fuel(RDF)and bituminous coal were co-fired to investigate the particulate matter(PM)yields and the interaction between the inherit minerals in a lab-scale drop tube furnace(DTF).The PM1-10 yields during the co-firing of coal and RDF dramatically decreased by 16.29%~28.5%of the combustion of coal alone.In addition,methane auxiliary combustion inhibited the PM_(1) yields by 7.95%at air atmosphere.The Si-rich minerals in coal interreacted with the organic alkali(earth)metals in RDF,massively generating sticky particles with high liquid amount of K-Al-Si and Ca-Al-Si,promoting the transformation of fine grains into coarser mode.Moreover,it was proved that both methane auxiliary combustion and co-firing can reduce the emission of fine particles.The additional heat accelerated the burn of the char at the early stage of combustion,providing adequate time for the interaction between the inorganic species.Through thermodynamic equilibrium calculations of 1500~3000 fly ash grains,it was found that co-firing increased the formation of sticky particles by 64.8%~70.3%,resulting in a significant enhancement in capturing fine particles and Na,K vapor.Therefore,the co-firing of coal with RDF offers a promising approach to realize the harmless and resourceful treatment of municipal solid waste(MSW),and inhibit land resource losses caused by landfill.展开更多
文摘在沉降炉中进行了准东煤的燃烧实验,利用计算机控制扫描电镜技术(computer controlled scanning electron microscopy,CCSEM)研究了煤中矿物质的转化行为。研究表明煤中主要矿物为方解石、高岭石、含铁类物质以及未分类矿物,燃烧后灰中石英、铁的氧化物、白云石的含量急剧增加,未分类矿物和方解石的含量下降。同时对3种重要致渣元素Na、Fe、Ca在燃烧前后的矿物转化行为及颗粒粒径分布进行了详细研究。
文摘利用计算机控制扫描电镜技术(Computer Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy,CCSEM)研究了煤中矿物特性及其在燃烧过程中的转化行为。结果表明原煤中矿物主要为粘土和黄铁矿,且主要以外在矿物的形式存在,粒径多在10μm以上,而内在矿物绝大部分小于10μm。不同矿物具有不同的粒径分布和内在/外在特性,显示煤中矿物分布的非均一性。煤灰主要由莫来石、铁、钙和钠的铝硅酸盐组成。通过K、Fe、Ca和Na在原煤及其产物所含矿物中的质量分布对比,揭示了它们在燃烧过程中的转化行为。煤灰粒径的变大是矿物颗粒熔融聚合的结果。
基金Supported by the Key Project of Huainan Municipal Government Anhui Province, P.R.of China(2003001) Project of Japanese Government Loan
文摘The mineral features, ash composition, ash fusion temperature of Huainan coals were investigated by CCSEM, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and JIS (Japan Industrial Standard) ash cone melting method respectively. The mineral matter is characterized by higher aluminosilicate clay minerals contents (more than 60% of the total mineral matter in coal) with quartz, which accounts for the higher ash flow temperatures, frequently higher than1 500℃. The contents of calcite and dolomite in Huainan coals range from 0.16% to about 11.57%. Another important non-silicate mineral matter, pyrite, ranges from 0.73% to 12.25%. Low amount of kaolinite-type clays and high amount of calcite and pyrite in the HN115 and XM coals are beneficial to ash melting. It is suggested that the high content of kaolinite in Huainan coals shows the high ash fusion temperature. CCSEM results also provide the size distribution of the minerals in Huainan coals. Generally, the mineral has bimodal size distribution in 6 Huainan coals.
文摘长距离传输的含铁沙尘不但能够改变区域乃至全球辐射平衡,还是海洋初级生产所需营养物质的主要来源,对全球气候和环境变化有重要影响。矿物分析显示不同源区沙尘铁的空间分布和效应存在显著差异,但量化粒径相关的沙尘铁矿物组成尚缺乏有效手段。本研究借助计算机控制扫描电子显微镜(CCSEM)测定青藏高原地表风蚀释放的27,190个沙尘单颗粒,定量获得沙尘铁的数量丰度、粒径、形貌特征,及其矿物组成等信息。结果显示:(1) 高原沙尘铁单个粒子的粒径分布和形貌参数存在地域差异;(2) 绿泥石、伊利石和蛭石是高原含铁沙尘粒子的主要矿物类型,共占含铁颗粒总数的80.3%~84.1%;(3) 高原沙尘铁粒度分布的峰值粒径介于1.3~2.0 μm,而质量则富集在较粗粒子部分(3.2~7.9 μm)。CCSEM提供的微观理化定量数据可用于模式研究,提高气候和生物地球化学循环模拟的准确性。Iron-containing mineral dust aerosols can induce perturbation of regional and global radiation balance, and impact the global carbon cycle and climate change by acting as a major source of nutrients for marine primary production. The characterization of mineral dust showed spatial variations in the distributions of iron-containing particles and their potential effects on climate and environment. However, a knowledge gap remains in the size-resolved mineralogical compositions of iron-containing particles due to the lack of effective analytical methods. In this study, 27,190 individual mineral dust particles released by a simulated wind erosion process on the surface soil from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau were determined by a computer controlled scanning electron microscopy (CCSEM) system. The quantitative results of particle size, morphology and mineral compositions of iron-containing mineral dusts show that: (1) A spatial variation remained in the particle size distribution and morphological properties of the iron-containing mineral dust particles all over the Plateau. (2) Chlorite, illite and vermiculite predominated iron-containing mineral dusts of the plateau, accounting for 80.3%~84.1% in numbers;(3) The amount of iron-containing mineral dusts is enriched in the fine particle size mode (peak size range 1.3~2.0 μm), whilst their mass is enriched in the coarse particles (3.2~7.9 μm). CCSEM is capable to provide quantitative data on the microphysical and chemical properties of iron-containing mineral dusts, which may improve the accuracy of climate and biogeochemical models.
文摘采用座逾渗模型,引入计算机控制扫描电镜(computer-controlled scanning electron microscope,CCSEM)矿物原粒径数据作模型初始矿物数据,考察了不同孔隙分布对煤焦转化与破碎的影响,煤焦转化过程对破碎程度的影响,以及煤焦破碎和内在矿聚合对飞灰颗粒物尤其是1～10μm颗粒物最终分布的影响。模拟结果表明:煤焦初始孔隙率越大,表面反应面积和破碎次数均越大。当φ≥0.4时,煤焦破碎明显集中于转化率为0.4～0.7的阶段,且峰值有一定的向转化前期移动的趋势。初始孔隙率φ越大,颗粒破碎就越剧烈,内在矿聚合概率小,10μm以内颗粒物的数目明显增大。随着φ值的增大,生成颗粒物的浓度尤其是1～10μm颗粒物的浓度逐渐升高,最终颗粒物浓度分布到在3～5μm和6～8μm存在2个峰值,这与实际燃烧生成的中间模态和粗模态颗粒物的峰值基本吻合。
基金Projects 2003001 supported by the key project of Huainan city, & 2004kj125 by the Science Funding of Department of Education of Anhui Province
文摘By using the advanced instrumentation of a Computer Controlled Scanning Electron Microscope （CCSEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and X-ray fluorescence （XRF）, the ash composition and the mineral components of six typical Huainan coals of different origins were studied. The transformation of mineral matter at high temperatures was tracked by XRD in reducing conditions. The quartz phase decreased sharply and the anorthite content tended to increase at first and then decreased with increasing temperatures. The formed mullite phase reached a maximum at 1250 ℃ but showed a tendency of slow decline when the temperature was over 1250 ℃. The mullite formed in the heating process was the main reason of the high ash melting temperature of Huainan coals. Differences in peak intensity of mullite and anorthite reflected differences in phase concentration of the quenched slag fractions, which contributed to the differences in ash melting temperatures. The differences in the location of an mnorphous hump maximum indicated differences of glass types which may affect ash melting temperatures. For Huainan coal samples with relatively high ash melting tempera- tures, the intensity of the diffraction lines for mullite under reducing condition is high while for the samples with relatively low ash melting temperature the intensity for anorthite is high.
基金supported by Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(5217060506)Shanghai Pujiang Program(22PJ1405900).
文摘In this paper,refuse derived fuel(RDF)and bituminous coal were co-fired to investigate the particulate matter(PM)yields and the interaction between the inherit minerals in a lab-scale drop tube furnace(DTF).The PM1-10 yields during the co-firing of coal and RDF dramatically decreased by 16.29%~28.5%of the combustion of coal alone.In addition,methane auxiliary combustion inhibited the PM_(1) yields by 7.95%at air atmosphere.The Si-rich minerals in coal interreacted with the organic alkali(earth)metals in RDF,massively generating sticky particles with high liquid amount of K-Al-Si and Ca-Al-Si,promoting the transformation of fine grains into coarser mode.Moreover,it was proved that both methane auxiliary combustion and co-firing can reduce the emission of fine particles.The additional heat accelerated the burn of the char at the early stage of combustion,providing adequate time for the interaction between the inorganic species.Through thermodynamic equilibrium calculations of 1500~3000 fly ash grains,it was found that co-firing increased the formation of sticky particles by 64.8%~70.3%,resulting in a significant enhancement in capturing fine particles and Na,K vapor.Therefore,the co-firing of coal with RDF offers a promising approach to realize the harmless and resourceful treatment of municipal solid waste(MSW),and inhibit land resource losses caused by landfill.
