Objective To evaluate CC2 (N, N’-dichloro-bis [2, 4, 6-trichlorophenyl] urea) invarious hydrophilic and lipophilic formulations as a personnel decontaminant for sulphurmustard (SM). Methods Twenty percent of CC...Objective To evaluate CC2 (N, N’-dichloro-bis [2, 4, 6-trichlorophenyl] urea) invarious hydrophilic and lipophilic formulations as a personnel decontaminant for sulphurmustard (SM). Methods Twenty percent of CC2 was prepared as a suspension or ointmentwith various chemical agents and its stability was evaluated by active chlorine assay. Theefficacy was evaluated in mice by recording the mortality after applying 29 LD50 of SM (LD50 =8.1 mg/kg dermally) and decontaminating it after 2 min with 200 mg of the formulation.Studies were also carried out with 10% and 20% CC2 in acacia and hydroxypropyl cellulose,and the suspensions were stored in polyethylene containers. The stability of the suspensionswas evaluated by active chlorine assay. The efficacy was evaluated by recording themortality after applying 29 LD50 of SM in mice and 12 LD50 of SM in rats (LD50 = 2.4 mg/kgdermally), and decontaminating it with the formulations. LD50 by different routes andprimary skin irritation test of CC2 were also carried out. Results CC2 reacted with peanutoil and neem oil, and was unstable in povidone iodine and Fuller’s earth. Good stability wasachieved with petroleum jelly, honey, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, calamine lotion, acacia andhydroxypropyl cellulose. Though CC2 was stable in lipophilic formulations, it did notprotect the animals. The hydrophilic formulations particularly acacia and hydroxypropylcellulose gave very good protection and was stable in the polyethylene containers for aperiod of 1 year. The efficacy of 20% CC2 was better than 10% CC2. The oral and dermalLD50 of CC2 was found to be above 5.0 g/kg. CC2 was also found to be nonirritant.Conclusion Twenty percent of CC2 in hydroxypropyl cellulose is better with respect tostability, efficacy and ease of decontamination. CC2 is also a safe chemical.展开更多
目的:探究血清CC趋化因子配体2(CCL2)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGFA)与非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)患者肝纤维化和代谢综合征(MS)的关系。方法:选取2022年1月至2024年1月在本院就诊的NAFLD患者116例(NAFLD组)作为研究对象,根据患者否并发MS分...目的:探究血清CC趋化因子配体2(CCL2)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGFA)与非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)患者肝纤维化和代谢综合征(MS)的关系。方法:选取2022年1月至2024年1月在本院就诊的NAFLD患者116例(NAFLD组)作为研究对象,根据患者否并发MS分为MS组(42例)和非MS组(74例),另取同期体检健康者66例作为对照组。收集所有受试者的临床资料;采用ELISA法检测血清中CCL2和VEGFA表达量;Pearson法分析血清CCL2、VEGFA水平与肝纤维化及MS相关指标的相关性;Logistic多因素分析影响NAFLD患者并发MS的因素;受试者工作特征曲线分析血清CCL2和VEGFA水平对NAFLD患者并发MS的预测价值。结果:NAFLD患者血清CCL2、VEGFA水平以及肝纤维化指标层黏连蛋白(LN)、透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原(ⅣC)均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。MS组的收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、甘油三椡(TG)、CCL2、VEGFA水平显著高于非MS组,丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平显著低于非MS组(P<0.05)。血清中CCL2和VEGFA水平与LN、HA、PCⅢ、ⅣC、收缩压、舒张压、FPG、2 h PG、TG呈正相关,与ALT、AST呈负相关(P<0.05)。收缩压、舒张压、FPG、2 h PG、TG、CCL2、VEGFA是影响NAFLD患者并发MS的危险因素,ALT、AST是影响NAFLD患者并发MS的保护因素(P<0.05)。血清CCL2和VEGFA水平以及联合预测NAFLD患者并发MS情况的曲线下面积分别为0.842、0.884和0.938,联合预测优于各自单独预测(Z_(联合-CCL2)=2.959、Z_(联合-VEGFA)=2.731,P=0.003、0.006)。结论:NAFLD患者血清CCL2和VEGFA水平升高,且二者与NAFLD患者肝纤维化和MS密切相关,二者联合对NAFLD患者并发MS具有较高的预测价值。展开更多
文摘Objective To evaluate CC2 (N, N’-dichloro-bis [2, 4, 6-trichlorophenyl] urea) invarious hydrophilic and lipophilic formulations as a personnel decontaminant for sulphurmustard (SM). Methods Twenty percent of CC2 was prepared as a suspension or ointmentwith various chemical agents and its stability was evaluated by active chlorine assay. Theefficacy was evaluated in mice by recording the mortality after applying 29 LD50 of SM (LD50 =8.1 mg/kg dermally) and decontaminating it after 2 min with 200 mg of the formulation.Studies were also carried out with 10% and 20% CC2 in acacia and hydroxypropyl cellulose,and the suspensions were stored in polyethylene containers. The stability of the suspensionswas evaluated by active chlorine assay. The efficacy was evaluated by recording themortality after applying 29 LD50 of SM in mice and 12 LD50 of SM in rats (LD50 = 2.4 mg/kgdermally), and decontaminating it with the formulations. LD50 by different routes andprimary skin irritation test of CC2 were also carried out. Results CC2 reacted with peanutoil and neem oil, and was unstable in povidone iodine and Fuller’s earth. Good stability wasachieved with petroleum jelly, honey, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, calamine lotion, acacia andhydroxypropyl cellulose. Though CC2 was stable in lipophilic formulations, it did notprotect the animals. The hydrophilic formulations particularly acacia and hydroxypropylcellulose gave very good protection and was stable in the polyethylene containers for aperiod of 1 year. The efficacy of 20% CC2 was better than 10% CC2. The oral and dermalLD50 of CC2 was found to be above 5.0 g/kg. CC2 was also found to be nonirritant.Conclusion Twenty percent of CC2 in hydroxypropyl cellulose is better with respect tostability, efficacy and ease of decontamination. CC2 is also a safe chemical.
文摘目的:探究血清CC趋化因子配体2(CCL2)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGFA)与非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)患者肝纤维化和代谢综合征(MS)的关系。方法:选取2022年1月至2024年1月在本院就诊的NAFLD患者116例(NAFLD组)作为研究对象,根据患者否并发MS分为MS组(42例)和非MS组(74例),另取同期体检健康者66例作为对照组。收集所有受试者的临床资料;采用ELISA法检测血清中CCL2和VEGFA表达量;Pearson法分析血清CCL2、VEGFA水平与肝纤维化及MS相关指标的相关性;Logistic多因素分析影响NAFLD患者并发MS的因素;受试者工作特征曲线分析血清CCL2和VEGFA水平对NAFLD患者并发MS的预测价值。结果:NAFLD患者血清CCL2、VEGFA水平以及肝纤维化指标层黏连蛋白(LN)、透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原(ⅣC)均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。MS组的收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、甘油三椡(TG)、CCL2、VEGFA水平显著高于非MS组,丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平显著低于非MS组(P<0.05)。血清中CCL2和VEGFA水平与LN、HA、PCⅢ、ⅣC、收缩压、舒张压、FPG、2 h PG、TG呈正相关,与ALT、AST呈负相关(P<0.05)。收缩压、舒张压、FPG、2 h PG、TG、CCL2、VEGFA是影响NAFLD患者并发MS的危险因素,ALT、AST是影响NAFLD患者并发MS的保护因素(P<0.05)。血清CCL2和VEGFA水平以及联合预测NAFLD患者并发MS情况的曲线下面积分别为0.842、0.884和0.938,联合预测优于各自单独预测(Z_(联合-CCL2)=2.959、Z_(联合-VEGFA)=2.731,P=0.003、0.006)。结论:NAFLD患者血清CCL2和VEGFA水平升高,且二者与NAFLD患者肝纤维化和MS密切相关,二者联合对NAFLD患者并发MS具有较高的预测价值。
