Because CASE (computer aided software engineering) environment is a kind of complex system software, its software architecture is very important. From the viewpoint of software architecture, this paper first presents ...Because CASE (computer aided software engineering) environment is a kind of complex system software, its software architecture is very important. From the viewpoint of software architecture, this paper first presents TBus architectural style, which is a kind of CASE environment architectural style based on ToolBus, then describes the architectural model and system's behavior in formal method, researches and analyzes the corresponding tool structural model. Last the paper implements a TBus architectural instance-LambdaBridge, which proves the validity of ToolBus and TBus architectural styles.展开更多
Objective To investigate the association between autism and prenatal environmental risk factors.Methods A case-control study was conducted among 193 children with autism from the specialeducational schools and 733 typ...Objective To investigate the association between autism and prenatal environmental risk factors.Methods A case-control study was conducted among 193 children with autism from the specialeducational schools and 733 typical development controls matched by age and gender by usingquestionnaire in Tianjin from 2007 to 2012. Statistical analysis included quick unbiased efficientstatistical tree （QUEST） and logistic regression in SPSS 20.0.Results There were four predictors by QUEST and the logistic regression analysis, maternal airconditioner use during pregnancy （OR=0.316, 95% CI： 0.215-0.463） was the single first-level node（χ2=50.994, P=0.000）; newborn complications （OR=4.277, 95% CI： 2.314-7.908） and paternalconsumption of freshwater fish （OR=0.383, 95% CI： 0.256-0.573） were second-layer predictors（χ2=45.248, P=0.000; χ2=24.212, P=0.000）; and maternal depression （OR=4.822, 95% CI： 3.047-7.631）was the single third-level predictor （χ2=23.835, P=0.000）. The prediction accuracy of the tree was 89.2%.Conclusion The air conditioner use during pregnancy and paternal freshwater fish diet might bebeneficial for the prevention of autism, while newborn complications and maternal depression might bethe risk factors.展开更多
Taking a polystyrene production project as an example, according to Technical Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment of Con- struction Projects （HJ/T169-2004）, we firstly identity the risk of substances and pr...Taking a polystyrene production project as an example, according to Technical Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment of Con- struction Projects （HJ/T169-2004）, we firstly identity the risk of substances and production process to determine the major source of danger, and then conduct source analysis and consequence prediction of the maximum credible accident, finally assess the environmental risk of the project and propose main risk management measures. The results reveal that the environmental risk of the project is acceptable, and it is suggested that some dsk prevention and mitigation measures as well as contingency plans should be established.展开更多
Environmental pollution has caused wide social concern,and it demands immediate attention to striking at the crime in the environmental pollution. At present,there are difficulties of putting a case on file,collecting...Environmental pollution has caused wide social concern,and it demands immediate attention to striking at the crime in the environmental pollution. At present,there are difficulties of putting a case on file,collecting evidence,judicial identification,and presumption of causal relationship in investigation of environmental pollution cases. In accordance with current situations,it came up following recommendations:(i) widely collecting case clues to solve the difficulty of putting a case on file;(ii) improving the ability of collecting evidence and standardizing the evidence collection,to solve the difficulty of evidence collection.(iii) including the environmental pollution judicial identification system,and unifying the identification standards,to solve the difficulty in identification. It is recommended to use the epidemiological causal relationship theory combined with enough high-quality evidences to solve the difficulty in presumption of causal relationship.展开更多
Optimal control of greenhouse climate is one of the key techniques in digital agriculture.Greenhouse climate,a nonlinear and uncertain system,consists of several major environmental factors such as temperature,humidit...Optimal control of greenhouse climate is one of the key techniques in digital agriculture.Greenhouse climate,a nonlinear and uncertain system,consists of several major environmental factors such as temperature,humidity,light intensity,and CO 2 concentration.Due to the complex coupled correlations,it is a challenge to achieve coordination control of greenhouse environmental factors.This paper proposes a model-free coordination control approach for greenhouse environmental factors based on Q-learning.Coordination control policy is found through systematic interaction with the dynamic environment to achieve optimal control for greenhouse climate with the control cost constraints.In order to decrease systematic trial-and-error risk and reduce the computational complexity in Q-learning algorithm,case-based reasoning （CBR） is seamlessly incorporated into the Q-learning process.The experimental results demonstrate that this approach is practical,highly effective and efficient.展开更多
Oil spill modeling is an important technical measure to evaluate the impact of oil spills scientifically. Because of the great uncertainty in its early development, simulation results have not been used as the basis o...Oil spill modeling is an important technical measure to evaluate the impact of oil spills scientifically. Because of the great uncertainty in its early development, simulation results have not been used as the basis of judgments for environmental compensation cases. Despite this, scientific research institutes in many countries, including China, are still devoted to the research and development of oil spill models and their applications in environmental damage assessment, which makes it possible to apply them in the judicial arbitration of damages claims. The relevant regulations on the Chinese compensation fund for oil pollution damage from ships and the judicial authentication of environmental damage have also accredited such kind of modeling applications. In order to enhance the applicability of oil spill model further, it is necessary to expand its damage assessment function, and to test, calibrate and verify the accuracy of the evaluation. To this end, the author adopts the self-developed 3-dimentionaloil spill model—CWCM to simulate the “Tasman Sea” oil spill accident. By comparing the simulation results of tidal current field, wind field, oil spill trajectory with those observed, the model coding and parameter selection are corrected, and it is realized that the simulation being basically consistent with the measured results. In addition, the results of the scale reduced simulation test of oil spill weathering are applied verifying and perfecting the weathering model of CWCM. The technical requirements and process for operational application of oil spill model in judicial arbitration are also put forward. In view of the rapid simulation function, the operational updating program for oil spill weathering model, coupled current model and dynamic update wind field diagnostic model are put forward in order to further improve the operational evaluation function and evaluation efficiency of oil spill model.展开更多
In a local context, sustainable development entails utilizing the current resources—material and immaterial, measurable and immeasurable, popular and unpopular—of the community in a manner that avoids overexploitati...In a local context, sustainable development entails utilizing the current resources—material and immaterial, measurable and immeasurable, popular and unpopular—of the community in a manner that avoids overexploitation and ensures intergenerational equity. This approach prioritizes the safety and health of local citizens, placing communal productivity above corporate profitability. This research aims to assess air quality surrounding 28 chemical industry sites in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, to understand the environmental and health impacts of industrial pollutants, with a focus on environmental justice. Air quality pollutants, including PM2.5, PM10, O3, NO2, CO, and SO2, were monitored for 75 days during the Summer, using the BreezoMeter app. Python, Mapize, and QGIS software technologies were utilized for data analysis and visualization. Findings indicate a reduction in NO2 and CO levels, compared to existing literature. However, the persistent challenge of particulate matter suggests areas for further environmental management efforts. Additionally, the research suggests a significant disparity in air pollution exposure, probably affecting marginalized communities. Although the nature of the study might not fully capture annual pollution trends, the findings highlight the urgent need for the chemical industry to adopt efficient production methods and for policymakers to enhance air quality standards and enforcement, particularly in pollution-sensitive areas. The disproportionate impact of air pollution on vulnerable communities calls for a more inclusive approach to environmental justice, ensuring equitable distribution of clean air benefits and community involvement in pollution management decisions.展开更多
文摘Because CASE (computer aided software engineering) environment is a kind of complex system software, its software architecture is very important. From the viewpoint of software architecture, this paper first presents TBus architectural style, which is a kind of CASE environment architectural style based on ToolBus, then describes the architectural model and system's behavior in formal method, researches and analyzes the corresponding tool structural model. Last the paper implements a TBus architectural instance-LambdaBridge, which proves the validity of ToolBus and TBus architectural styles.
基金support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant No.81072313
文摘Objective To investigate the association between autism and prenatal environmental risk factors.Methods A case-control study was conducted among 193 children with autism from the specialeducational schools and 733 typical development controls matched by age and gender by usingquestionnaire in Tianjin from 2007 to 2012. Statistical analysis included quick unbiased efficientstatistical tree （QUEST） and logistic regression in SPSS 20.0.Results There were four predictors by QUEST and the logistic regression analysis, maternal airconditioner use during pregnancy （OR=0.316, 95% CI： 0.215-0.463） was the single first-level node（χ2=50.994, P=0.000）; newborn complications （OR=4.277, 95% CI： 2.314-7.908） and paternalconsumption of freshwater fish （OR=0.383, 95% CI： 0.256-0.573） were second-layer predictors（χ2=45.248, P=0.000; χ2=24.212, P=0.000）; and maternal depression （OR=4.822, 95% CI： 3.047-7.631）was the single third-level predictor （χ2=23.835, P=0.000）. The prediction accuracy of the tree was 89.2%.Conclusion The air conditioner use during pregnancy and paternal freshwater fish diet might bebeneficial for the prevention of autism, while newborn complications and maternal depression might bethe risk factors.
文摘Taking a polystyrene production project as an example, according to Technical Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment of Con- struction Projects （HJ/T169-2004）, we firstly identity the risk of substances and production process to determine the major source of danger, and then conduct source analysis and consequence prediction of the maximum credible accident, finally assess the environmental risk of the project and propose main risk management measures. The results reveal that the environmental risk of the project is acceptable, and it is suggested that some dsk prevention and mitigation measures as well as contingency plans should be established.
文摘Environmental pollution has caused wide social concern,and it demands immediate attention to striking at the crime in the environmental pollution. At present,there are difficulties of putting a case on file,collecting evidence,judicial identification,and presumption of causal relationship in investigation of environmental pollution cases. In accordance with current situations,it came up following recommendations:(i) widely collecting case clues to solve the difficulty of putting a case on file;(ii) improving the ability of collecting evidence and standardizing the evidence collection,to solve the difficulty of evidence collection.(iii) including the environmental pollution judicial identification system,and unifying the identification standards,to solve the difficulty in identification. It is recommended to use the epidemiological causal relationship theory combined with enough high-quality evidences to solve the difficulty in presumption of causal relationship.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundationof China(No.60775014)
文摘Optimal control of greenhouse climate is one of the key techniques in digital agriculture.Greenhouse climate,a nonlinear and uncertain system,consists of several major environmental factors such as temperature,humidity,light intensity,and CO 2 concentration.Due to the complex coupled correlations,it is a challenge to achieve coordination control of greenhouse environmental factors.This paper proposes a model-free coordination control approach for greenhouse environmental factors based on Q-learning.Coordination control policy is found through systematic interaction with the dynamic environment to achieve optimal control for greenhouse climate with the control cost constraints.In order to decrease systematic trial-and-error risk and reduce the computational complexity in Q-learning algorithm,case-based reasoning （CBR） is seamlessly incorporated into the Q-learning process.The experimental results demonstrate that this approach is practical,highly effective and efficient.
文摘Oil spill modeling is an important technical measure to evaluate the impact of oil spills scientifically. Because of the great uncertainty in its early development, simulation results have not been used as the basis of judgments for environmental compensation cases. Despite this, scientific research institutes in many countries, including China, are still devoted to the research and development of oil spill models and their applications in environmental damage assessment, which makes it possible to apply them in the judicial arbitration of damages claims. The relevant regulations on the Chinese compensation fund for oil pollution damage from ships and the judicial authentication of environmental damage have also accredited such kind of modeling applications. In order to enhance the applicability of oil spill model further, it is necessary to expand its damage assessment function, and to test, calibrate and verify the accuracy of the evaluation. To this end, the author adopts the self-developed 3-dimentionaloil spill model—CWCM to simulate the “Tasman Sea” oil spill accident. By comparing the simulation results of tidal current field, wind field, oil spill trajectory with those observed, the model coding and parameter selection are corrected, and it is realized that the simulation being basically consistent with the measured results. In addition, the results of the scale reduced simulation test of oil spill weathering are applied verifying and perfecting the weathering model of CWCM. The technical requirements and process for operational application of oil spill model in judicial arbitration are also put forward. In view of the rapid simulation function, the operational updating program for oil spill weathering model, coupled current model and dynamic update wind field diagnostic model are put forward in order to further improve the operational evaluation function and evaluation efficiency of oil spill model.
文摘In a local context, sustainable development entails utilizing the current resources—material and immaterial, measurable and immeasurable, popular and unpopular—of the community in a manner that avoids overexploitation and ensures intergenerational equity. This approach prioritizes the safety and health of local citizens, placing communal productivity above corporate profitability. This research aims to assess air quality surrounding 28 chemical industry sites in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, to understand the environmental and health impacts of industrial pollutants, with a focus on environmental justice. Air quality pollutants, including PM2.5, PM10, O3, NO2, CO, and SO2, were monitored for 75 days during the Summer, using the BreezoMeter app. Python, Mapize, and QGIS software technologies were utilized for data analysis and visualization. Findings indicate a reduction in NO2 and CO levels, compared to existing literature. However, the persistent challenge of particulate matter suggests areas for further environmental management efforts. Additionally, the research suggests a significant disparity in air pollution exposure, probably affecting marginalized communities. Although the nature of the study might not fully capture annual pollution trends, the findings highlight the urgent need for the chemical industry to adopt efficient production methods and for policymakers to enhance air quality standards and enforcement, particularly in pollution-sensitive areas. The disproportionate impact of air pollution on vulnerable communities calls for a more inclusive approach to environmental justice, ensuring equitable distribution of clean air benefits and community involvement in pollution management decisions.
