Lithium metal anodes are promising for next-generation high-energy batteries,but their practical application is limited by safety issues arising from uncontrolled Li metal growth.To address these challenges,we report ...Lithium metal anodes are promising for next-generation high-energy batteries,but their practical application is limited by safety issues arising from uncontrolled Li metal growth.To address these challenges,we report a scalable approach to fabricate flexible,free-standing 3D carbon textiles derived from low-cost cellulose textiles,uniformly decorated with cobalt particles(Co@c-Textile).The work function difference between cobalt particles and carbon induces a redistribution of surface charge,enabling the synergistic combination of cobalt and defective carbon to enhance lithiophilicity and promote uniform Li growth through accelerate surface diffusion.Detailed analyses further reveal that lithium preferentially plates not directly on the cobalt particles,but on the adjacent carbon regions,eventually encapsulating the cobalt and growing uniformly across the carbon surface.As a result,the Co@c-Textile@Li anode exhibits prolonged and stable cycling over 700 h in symmetric cells,along with improved Li+transport kinetics.Furthermore,in full-cells with Li Fe PO_(4)(LFP)cathodes,it delivers over 90%capacity retention at both1C and 4C,and also demonstrates excellent stability under high-voltage conditions with Ni-rich cathodes.These findings clarify the role of transition metal/carbon composites in directing uniform Li plating and provide a viable strategy for designing advanced carbon-hosted Li metal anodes.展开更多
Interregional supply chains are associated with large carbon emissions,resulting in regional inequalities and sustainable development challenges.Quantifying interregional carbon flow is essential for setting equitable...Interregional supply chains are associated with large carbon emissions,resulting in regional inequalities and sustainable development challenges.Quantifying interregional carbon flow is essential for setting equitable carbon reduction targets and ensuring fairness among regions.However,as China advances its industrial transformation,the effects of industrial structural changes on regional carbon flow through supply chains remain insufficiently understood.Using Shanghai from 2012 to 2017 as a case study,this research investigates spatial patterns,sectoral characteristics and driving forces of carbon flow within interregional supply chains.Results reveal a 46.9%decrease in carbon inflows and a 70.2%increase in outflows,particularly to high-tech regions,indicating Shanghai's transition from a downstream recipient to an upstream supplier in industrial networks.Reduced inflows were mainly driven by decreased carbon intensity in northern energy and metal sectors,whereas increased outflows were associated with growing demand from southern equipment and construction industries.Energy structure optimization contributed to over 75%of carbon flow reductions,while increased carbon intensity in the digital economy accounted for only around 10%,insufficient to alter flow pathways.The findings indicates that industrial restructuring can support regional climate mitigation.As a pilot carbon trading cities with relatively low environmental cost,Shanghai can collaborate with other regions through carbon markets along key carbon pathways,leveraging financial resources for low-carbon technologies and promoting supply chain-wide emission reduction.This study provides a framework for designing targeted,region-specific mitigation strategies that align with the dynamics of industrial supply chains and contribute to equitable carbon reduction efforts.展开更多
The rice ratooning system has attracted increasing attention in southern China due to its low carbon emissions and high yield potential.However,the net carbon budget and underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Three rice...The rice ratooning system has attracted increasing attention in southern China due to its low carbon emissions and high yield potential.However,the net carbon budget and underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Three rice cropping systems were established in this trial experiment conducted from 2021 to 2022 in Fuzhou(25°05'N,119°13'E),Southeast China:ratooning rice(RR:MC+RSR)pattern for rice ratooning,single-cropping rice(LR_(1)),and double-cropping rice(DC:ER+LR_(2)).The closed static dark box gas collection,dry matter determination,life cycle assessment(LCA)etc.approaches were utilized to investigate the mechanism of“high carbon fixation–low emissions”mechanism in RR.A comprehensive assessment was conducted across multiple dimensions,including crop yield,greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,carbon and nitrogen footprints,resource use efficiency,carbon sequestration capacity,and carbon budget balance.Results showed that the average daily yield of ratoon season rice(RSR)across RR treatments from 2021 to 2022 was 28.21–47.40%higher than that of the main crop(MC)and LR_(1),and the average daily yield of RR was 13.50–27.76%higher than DC.This yield advantage was attributed to a 32.32–39.26%increase in the allocation of^(13)C-labeled photosynthetic products(including non-structural carbohydrates,NSCs)to panicle organs,and a 21.77–43.51%reduction in allocation to underground roots and soil.Furthermore,the average daily global warming potential(GWP)was 16.44 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)for RR,24.99 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)for LR_(1),and 21.32 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)for DC.Specifically,the average daily GWP of ratoon rice was 34.21%lower than that of LR_(1) and 22.90%lower than double-cropping rice.Similarly,the average daily greenhouse gas intensity(GHGI)of ratoon rice was 62.28%lower than LR_(1) and 28.96%lower than double-cropping rice.In terms of carbon and nitrogen footprints,the ratoon rice system exhibited average daily values of 34.54 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)and 0.47 kg N ha^(–1),respectively.In comparison,LR_(1) had values of 45.63 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)and 0.49 kg N ha^(–1),while double-cropping rice showed 43.38 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)and 0.53 kg N ha^(–1).These values represent reductions of 24.30%in carbon footprint and4.28%in nitrogen footprint relative to LR_(1),and 20.38 and 11.45%relative to double-cropping rice,respectively.Moreover,the average annual carbon budget surplus across systems was 22,380.01 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)for ratoon rice(MC+RSR),11,228.54 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)for LR_(1),and 23,772.15 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)for DC.Consequently,the resource utilization efficiency of the RR was 24.42 and 47.50%higher than that of single-cropping and double-cropping systems,respectively.Average daily economic returns also increased by 32.71 and 80.75%,respectively.These findings provide a robust theoretical foundation and practical guidance for advancing agricultural carbon neutrality technologies and ensuring food security.展开更多
Understanding the dynamics of vegetation carbon sequestration(VCS)is essential for regional carbon neutrality strategies.This study revealed the spatiotemporal patterns of VCS and its relationship with anthropogenic c...Understanding the dynamics of vegetation carbon sequestration(VCS)is essential for regional carbon neutrality strategies.This study revealed the spatiotemporal patterns of VCS and its relationship with anthropogenic carbon emissions(ACEs)in Shandong Province,China during 2000-2020,and identified the sensitivity factors affecting VCS.The results show that:1)VCS increased consistently from 193.45 million t to 256.41 million t,with high values areas concentrated in the central,northeastern,and southeastern mountainous and hilly regions,while low values were found in water bodies and urban built-up areas.At the city level,Linyi,Yantai,Binzhou,and Jinan experienced the most significant rises-reaching up to 243000 t/yr.At the county level,Pingdu,Qixia,and Yiyuan also showed substantial growth,each exceeding 30400 t/yr.2)Digital Elevation Molde(DEM)was identified as the dominant natural factor influencing VCS distribution,while land use optimization measures,especially afforestation and farmland conversion in sloped terrain,were the primary human drivers of VCS increase.3)Urbanization and carbon neutrality were not mutually exclusive.While urban expansion locally reduced VCS,rural emigration enhanced carbon sinks in surrounding areas,partially offsetting urban losses.This compensatory mechanism supported VCS increases in nearly all cities and 90% of counties.Nevertheless,with ACEs continuing to rise and the offset ratio by VCS declining,achieving carbon neutrality requires regional strategies that integrate with accelerated energy conservation,emission reduction technologies,and energy transition.These findings provide a scientific basis for decomposing carbon neutrality targets across cities and counties in Shandong and a reference for developing localized land use policies in similar regions.展开更多
The effects of nitrogen(N)deposition on forest soil organic carbon(SOC)are largely unclear,likely due to the divergent responses of particulate(POC)and mineral-associated carbon(MAOC).Conventional understory inorganic...The effects of nitrogen(N)deposition on forest soil organic carbon(SOC)are largely unclear,likely due to the divergent responses of particulate(POC)and mineral-associated carbon(MAOC).Conventional understory inorganic N(UIN)additions neglect canopy processes and the impacts of organic N,potentially misevaluating N deposition effects.This study was conducted in a long-term N addition experiment established in a Moso bamboo forest,which included six treatments combining canopy and understory N additions with organic(urea glycine)and inorganic(NH_(4)NO_(3))forms at a rate of 50 kg N·ha^(-1)·yr^(-1).Litterbags were installed for a two-year decomposition experiment and collected at quarterly intervals,together with concurrent soil sampling under litterbags at 0–10 cm depth.We aimed to examine the effects of canopy vs.understory N addition and organic vs.inorganic N form on soil POC and MAOC concentrations.Our results showed that canopy N additions significantly reduced POC(ased POC-15.9%)but did not affect MAOC(P>0.05).Conversely,understory N additions significantly incre(30.9%)and decreased MAOC(and fungal diversity(FuD),-28.9%).Canopy N additions decreased POC by enhancing peroxidase activity while understory N additions promoted POC by inhibiting litter decomposition.Additionally,understory N addition-induced soil acidification decreased soil Ca^(2+)concentration,microbial carbon use efficiency,and bacterial necromass C,as well as the release of litter water-soluble compounds,thereby inhibiting MAOC.Moreover,nitrogen forms(organic vs.inorganic)had no effect on SOC fractions.Our findings underscore that canopy and understory N addition approaches differentially regulate SOC fractions by altering litter decomposition–microbial–mineral interactions,and the understory approach may overestimate soil POC gain and MAOC loss driven by atmospheric N deposition.展开更多
Dual-carbon batteries(DCBs)have emerged as an appealing candidate for large-scale energy storage,yet the common trade-off between active sites and electronic conduction in carbon materials engenders a main challenge t...Dual-carbon batteries(DCBs)have emerged as an appealing candidate for large-scale energy storage,yet the common trade-off between active sites and electronic conduction in carbon materials engenders a main challenge towards efficient DCBs.Here,we introduce a heteroatom-doped sp^(3) /sp^(2) hybridized carbon fiber membrane(cPAN-Gr)as a universal binder-free active electrode that effectively overcomes this trade-off,enabling efficient Li-ion intercalation chemistry for advanced DCBs.By strategically tuning the sp^(3) and sp^(2) carbon hybridization,the interlayer interaction,geometric and electronic structures of c PANGr are simultaneously optimized,which facilitates rapid Li-ion adsorption,smooth interlayer transport,and efficient electron transport by maximizing the synergy between sp^(2) -and sp^(3) -hybridized carbon.This,coupled with a 3D porous network structure,endows the c PAN-Gr with superior Li-ion storage capability and fast reaction kinetics.Therefore,the c PAN-Gr electrode delivers a high reversible capacity of 345 m A h g^(-1),excellent rate capability(50 C),and an ultralong cycle life over 10,000 cycles,outperforming other reported carbon-based electrodes.Moreover,the constructed DCB exhibits a large specific capacity of 135 m A h g^(-1),long-term cyclability over 500 cycles,and a remarkable energy density of 524.4 Wh kg^(-1).The c PAN-Gr electrode can also be expanded to construct a LiFePO_(4)//cPAN-Gr full battery.Combined theoretical and experimental studies reveal the crucial role of an optimized sp^(3) /sp^(2) ratio(79%)with topological defects and pyridine/pyrrolic N sites on the performance enhancement.This work offers new insights into the design of advanced carbon materials for DCBs and beyond.展开更多
Countries around the world have been making efforts to reduce pollutant emissions. However, the response of global black carbon(BC) aging to emission changes remains unclear. Using the Community Atmosphere Model versi...Countries around the world have been making efforts to reduce pollutant emissions. However, the response of global black carbon(BC) aging to emission changes remains unclear. Using the Community Atmosphere Model version 6 with a machine-learning-integrated four-mode version of the Modal Aerosol Module, we quantify global BC aging responses to emission reductions for 2011–2018 and for 2050 and 2100 under carbon neutrality. During 2011–18, global trends in BC aging degree(mass ratio of coatings to BC, R_(BC)) exhibited marked regional disparities, with a significant increase in China(5.4% yr^(-1)), which contrasts with minimal changes in the USA, Europe, and India. The divergence is attributed to opposing trends in secondary organic aerosol(SOA) and sulfate coatings, driven by regional changes in the emission ratios of corresponding coating precursors to BC(volatile organic compounds-VOCs/BC and SO_(2)/BC). Projections under carbon neutrality reveal that R_(BC) will increase globally by 47%(118%) in 2050(2100), with strong convergent increases expected across major source regions. The R_(BC) increase, primarily driven by enhanced SOA coatings due to sharper BC reductions relative to VOCs, will enhance the global BC mass absorption cross-section(MAC) by 11%(17%) in 2050(2100).Consequently, although the global BC burden will decline sharply by 60%(76%), the enhanced MAC partially offsets the magnitude of the decline in the BC direct radiative effect, resulting in the moderation of global BC DRE decreases to 88%(92%) of the BC burden reductions in 2050(2100). This study highlights the globally enhanced BC aging and light absorption capacity under carbon neutrality, thereby partly offsetting the impact of BC direct emission reductions on future changes in BC radiative effects globally.展开更多
Under the backdrop of“Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality”(dual carbon)goal in China,the methane-carbon dioxide reforming reaction has attracted considerable attention due to its environmental benefits of converting t...Under the backdrop of“Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality”(dual carbon)goal in China,the methane-carbon dioxide reforming reaction has attracted considerable attention due to its environmental benefits of converting two greenhouse gases(methane and carbon dioxide)into syngas and its promising industrial applications.Nickel(Ni)-based catalysts,with high catalytic activity,low cost,and abundant resources,are considered ideal candidates for industrial applications.In this article,three reaction kinetic models were briefly introduced,namely the Power-Law(PL)model,the Eley-Rideal(ER)model,and the Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson(LHHW)model.Based on the LHHW model,the reaction kinetics and mechanisms of different catalytic systems were systematically discussed,including the properties of supports,the doping of noble metals and transition metals,the role of promoters,and the influence of the geometric and electronic structures of Ni on the reaction mechanism.Furthermore,the kinetics of carbon deposition and elimination on various catalysts were analyzed.Based on the reaction rate expressions for carbon elimination,the reasons for the high activity of transition metal iron(Fe)-doped catalysts and core-shell structured catalysts in carbon elimination were explained.Based on the detailed collation and comparative analysis of the reaction mechanisms and kinetic characteristics across diverse Ni-based catalytic systems,a theoretical guidance for the designing of high-performance catalysts was provided in this work.展开更多
Vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFBs)are a means of large-scale energy storage due to their excellent scalability,safety,long cycling life,and decoupled power and energy capacities.However,the slow redox kinetics of va...Vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFBs)are a means of large-scale energy storage due to their excellent scalability,safety,long cycling life,and decoupled power and energy capacities.However,the slow redox kinetics of vanadium species on conventional carbon electrodes remains a major limitation to their performance.We investigated the deposition of carbon black,carbon nanotubes,and electrochemically exfoliated graphene(Exf-Gr)onto thermally-activated carbon paper(ACP)by spray coating to increase the electrode electrocatalytic activity.The modified electrodes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,Raman spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron microscopy,and surface area analysis,while their electrochemical properties were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,and singlecell VRFB testing.Among the modified electrodes,Exf-Gr/ACP had the best performance,achieving a 2.9-fold reduction in charge transfer resistance compared to pristine ACP and delivering 2.5 times the discharge capacity in single-cell tests.This improvement is attributed to Exf-Gr’s high surface area,favorable catalytic activity,and excellent dispersion on the ACP substrate.Surface modification with electrochemically exfoliated graphene is a highly effective strategy for improving the electrode performance in VRFB systems,with significant implications for large-scale energy storage.展开更多
Hydrothermal carbonization(HTC)is a promising techno-economic method for biomass waste valorization owing to its advantages over other thermochemical processes.This study focused on carbon sequestration from sugarcane...Hydrothermal carbonization(HTC)is a promising techno-economic method for biomass waste valorization owing to its advantages over other thermochemical processes.This study focused on carbon sequestration from sugarcane bioethanol distillery wastewater via HTC and chemical activation to produce activated carbon(AC).The resulting AC was then applied as an active material for supercapacitor electrodes.The introduction of redox molecules,such as 1,4-anthraquinone(AQ)and 9,10-phenanthrenequinone(PQ),on AC increased charge storage capability via redox transformation and enhanced the electrochemical performance of the supercapacitor elec-trode.Electrochemical testing showed that AC loaded with 16 wt%PQ achieved the highest specific capacitance of 488.21 F g^(-1) with remarkable capacitance retention of 95.3% after 1000 charge-discharge cycles.N-doped AC obtained from the HTC of wastewater and melamine presented a slightly enhanced specific capacitance.Various commercial LEDs with a voltage range of 1.8-3.0 V were illuminated simultaneously by connecting them to two series of symmetric supercapacitors,demonstrating the potential application of our proposed strategy in energy storage systems.This study proposes a simple and efficient strategy to utilize wastewater and achieve net-zero emission goals in a Bio-Circular-Green Economy model.展开更多
Ship operations are crucial to global trade,and their decarbonization is essential to mitigate climate change.This study evaluates the economic viability of existing and emerging decarbonization technologies in mariti...Ship operations are crucial to global trade,and their decarbonization is essential to mitigate climate change.This study evaluates the economic viability of existing and emerging decarbonization technologies in maritime shipping using the levelized cost of energy methodology.It includes a detailed comparative analysis based on essential criteria and sensitivity assessments to highlight the economic impacts of technological advancements.Key factors influencing total costs include fuel costs,carbon pricing,and energy demands for carbon capture.The findings reveal that methanol is more cost-effective than heavy fuel oil(HFO)when priced below 3000 CNY/t,assuming HFO costs 4400 CNY/t.Additionally,methanol with post-combustion carbon capture is less expensive than pre-combustion carbon capture.When carbon prices rise above 480 CNY/t,carbon capture technologies prove more economical than purchasing carbon emission allowances for HFO and liquefied natural gas.Enhanc-ing the use of exhaust gas waste heat is recommended for cost savings.Post-combustion carbon capture also shows greater efficiency,requiring about 1.1 GJ/t less energy than pre-combustion methods,leading to lower overall costs.Future research should focus on market mechanisms to stabilize fuel prices and develop less energy-intensive carbon capture technologies.This study offers critical insights into effective decarbonization strategies for advancing global maritime trade in the present and future.展开更多
Nanoporous carbon materials were synthesized from asphaltenes using a thermo-chemical treatment under an inert atmosphere and in-situ KOH activation.N-doping was also employed in certain samples to reveal the impact o...Nanoporous carbon materials were synthesized from asphaltenes using a thermo-chemical treatment under an inert atmosphere and in-situ KOH activation.N-doping was also employed in certain samples to reveal the impact of nitrogen on the properties of materials.The synthesized materials were fully characterized to disclose their textural properties,structural parameters,surface functional groups,elemental compositions,and morphologies.Textural property analysis revealed a remarkable increase in surface areas after alkaline treatment(~1500-2000 m^(2)/g),which was mainly ascribed to the formation of micro-and mesopores.The measurements of structural parameters endorse and complement the findings on textural properties.The asphaltene-derived porous carbons have been employed in energy storage and carbon capture applications.The materials exhibit specific capacitances ranging from 130 to 180 F/g at 0.2 A/g in a 3 M KOH.These results suggest that nitrogen doping significantly enhances the pseudocapacitive behavior of the electroactive materials by promoting Fara-daic redox reactions and improving ion diffusion and adsorption rates.Asphaltene-derived porous carbons also exhibit notable CO_(2)adsorption capacities of 3-4 mmol/g at 25◦C and 1 bar.Also,breakthrough experiments confirm that the N-doped material exhibits remarkable stability,reusability,and increased surface basicity,achieving an impressive CO_(2)uptake of 0.446 mmol/g.These results highlight the potential of asphaltene-based porous carbons as efficient materials for carbon capture and energy storage applications.展开更多
Soil organic carbon(SOC)dynamics significantly influence ecosystem carbon source-sink balance,particularly in agroecosystems.However,uncertainty remains regarding optimal land use types for maximizing farmland carbon ...Soil organic carbon(SOC)dynamics significantly influence ecosystem carbon source-sink balance,particularly in agroecosystems.However,uncertainty remains regarding optimal land use types for maximizing farmland carbon storage across different soil types,and identifying effective land management practices for enhanced carbon accumulation is essential for reducing agricultural emissions and strengthening carbon sinks.This study examined SOC variations in eastern Yunnan’s subtropical highlands(2,132 sites),analyzing topsoil(0–20 cm)across five land uses(dryland,irrigated land,forestland,grassland and plantation)of five soil types(red,yellow,yellowbrown,brown,purple).The investigation explored relationships between SOC and edaphic factors(26 elements)to determine SOC influencing factors.The study area demonstrated a mean SOC content of 27.78 g kg^(–1),with distinct spatial heterogeneity characterized by lower values in the southwestern sector and higher concentrations in the northeastern region.Brown soils displayed the highest SOC content(P<0.05),followed by yellow-brown then red,yellow,and purple soils.Irrigation significantly enhanced SOC storage,particularly in brown soils where irrigated land contained 2.2-,2.4-,and 1.6-times higher SOC than forestland,grassland,and dryland,respectively.Similar irrigation benefits occurred in purple,yellow,and yellow-brown soils,indicating moisture limitation as the primary SOC constraint.Notably,SOC exhibited strong positive correlations with nitrogen,sulfur,and selenium.Nitrogen fertilization demonstrated dual benefits:enhancing SOC sequestration and promoting Se enrichment in crops,potentially supporting specialty agriculture.Although land use impacts on SOC varied across soil types(P>0.05),irrigation consistently emerged as the optimal management for carbon sink enhancement.These findings suggest that targeted water management could effectively reduce farmland carbon emissions in moisture-limited subtropical highlands.Strategic nitrogen application offers co-benefits for soil fertility and selenium biofortification,providing practical pathways for climate-smart agriculture in similar ecoregions.展开更多
Aquatic plants have been widely used for lake ecological restoration.The effect of aquatic plants on lake biogeochemical cycling has been investigated intensively,however,plants’effect on biodegradation of dissolved ...Aquatic plants have been widely used for lake ecological restoration.The effect of aquatic plants on lake biogeochemical cycling has been investigated intensively,however,plants’effect on biodegradation of dissolved organic carbon(DOC)is rarely studied.Here we designed an indoor incubation experiment to explore the priming effect(PE)of aquatic plant leaching solution on DOC in shallow lakes,referring to as the input of active dissolved organic matter(DOM)that would arouse changes in the degradation rate of original refractory DOM.Waters from 20 urban lakes of different tropic states were incubated to study their PE on DOC by adding leaching solutions from two submerged freshwater plants,Hydrilla(H)and Vallisneria(V).The study showed a clear influence of aquatic plants on PE with varying directions and intensities.The H incubation group showed a PE range of-6.19%–9.79%,with an average of 2.15%±2.70%,whereas the V incubation group exhibited a PE range of-10.03%to 3.60%,with an average of-0.65%±3.11%.The positive and negative PEs by the two plant species indicate a key role of plants over trophic states on organic carbon dynamics in freshwater lakes.From the perspective of plant leaching input,our results reveal that planting aquatic plants whose leaching solution can reduce PE like V could be used to enhance carbon storage and constrain carbon emission.展开更多
There are limitations to using hard carbon(HC)in K^(+)storage due to its insufficient high-current reversible capacity and plateau potential,which result from the lack of effective active sites and low intercalation c...There are limitations to using hard carbon(HC)in K^(+)storage due to its insufficient high-current reversible capacity and plateau potential,which result from the lack of effective active sites and low intercalation capabilities.The construction of HC cathodes with more available functional groups and ordered carbon nanocrystal structures is essential for improving K^(+)storage efficiency.Herein,a new perspective is proposed for synthesizing hard carbon nanosheets(HCNS)with abundant hydroxyl groups(O-H)/carboxylic groups(O-C=O)and rational carbon nanocrystals by interfacial assembly and carbonization.Systematic in ex-situ observations,dynamic analysis and theory calculations elucidate that the superior electrochemical capability of HCNS is ascribed to the synergistic effect of abundant available functional groups and ordered graphitic microcrystalline.Consequently,the HCNS exhibits outstanding K^(+)storage capabilities in terms of superb energy density(146.2 Wh/kg),high power density(1,7800 Wh/kg),and ultralong lifespan(102.9%capacity retention after 10,000 cycles).It was also found that the HC structure correlates with the discharge/charge plateau,confirming the'adsorption-insertion'charge storage mechanism.Furthermore,the proposed work provides a theoretical basis for making high-performance HC anodes by understanding the effect of their microstructure on K^(+)storage.展开更多
Agricultural ecosystems play a pivotal role in global carbon(C)sequestration efforts.Microbial C use efficiency(CUE)serves as a comprehensive metric that reflects the balance between microbial contributions to the acc...Agricultural ecosystems play a pivotal role in global carbon(C)sequestration efforts.Microbial C use efficiency(CUE)serves as a comprehensive metric that reflects the balance between microbial contributions to the accumulation and decomposition of soil organic C.However,the overall distribution patterns and underlying drivers of microbial CUE at the national scale remain unclear.Herein,data from 209 paired samples from 55 studies were analyzed to assess the distribution patterns and influencing factors of microbial CUE based on enzyme stoichiometry(CUE_(ST))in agricultural ecosystems across China.Results revealed that farmlands exhibited the highest CUE_(ST)value(mean=0.51),exceeding those of grasslands(0.46)and forests(0.44).Contrasting patterns of CUE_(ST)regulation were observed across land-use types,with farmlands showing significant(P<0.001)positive relationships of CUE_(ST)with phosphorus vs.nitrogen(N/P)limitation index,while grasslands and forests demonstrated inverse(P<0.05)relationships of CUE_(ST)with C limitation index.Nutrient stoichiometry emerged as the dominant driver of CUE_(ST),with enzyme ratios and mean annual precipitation playing secondary roles.Moreover,land management practices,including fertilization,grazing,and tillage,as well as land-use transition,significantly influenced microbial CUE_(ST)by potentially altering nutrient availability and soil properties;notably,water addition in grasslands had particularly positive effects.These findings provide a critical foundation for harnessing microbial CUE in agriculture and may inform scalable strategies to enhance soil C sequestration and climate-smart land management.展开更多
As an essential component of terrestrial carbon sinks,lake sediments store vast quantities of both organic carbon(OC)and inorganic carbon(IC).However,the spatiotemporal relationship between the OC and IC in sediments ...As an essential component of terrestrial carbon sinks,lake sediments store vast quantities of both organic carbon(OC)and inorganic carbon(IC).However,the spatiotemporal relationship between the OC and IC in sediments and their responses to climate change remains unclear,which hinders the comprehensive understanding of carbon dynamics in lake ecosystems.This study systematically analyzes the spatiotemporal dynamics of carbon burial across the Tibetan Plateau using surface sediments from 119 lakes and sediment cores from four representative lakes.Results show that OC burial dominates in humid and dry sub-humid zones,whereas IC burial prevails in arid and semi-arid regions.This distribution reflects the influences of lake and catchment productivity and water chemistry on OC and IC patterns.Sediment cores confirm that these factors have consistently affected lake carbon burial over the past century.Specifically,in humid and dry sub-humid zones,increased precipitation enhances watershed productivity and sedimentation,promoting coupled OC and IC burial.In arid and semi-arid regions,wind-driven dust supplies nutrients and alters water chemistry,also driving coupled OC and IC burial.Based on these findings,the carbon sink capacity of lake sediments on the Tibetan Plateau is projected to increase under the“warming and wetting”trend.展开更多
Sodium-based dual-ion batteries(SDIBs)have been attracting increasing attention in recent years owing to their low cost,environmental benignancy,and high operating voltage.However,the sluggish ion kinetics of conventi...Sodium-based dual-ion batteries(SDIBs)have been attracting increasing attention in recent years owing to their low cost,environmental benignancy,and high operating voltage.However,the sluggish ion kinetics of conventional carbon anodes that cannot match the fast capacitive anion intercalation behavior of graphite cathodes constraints on improving power density of SDIBs.Herein,we present an ingenious carbon microdomain engineering strategy to fabricate high-performance carbon anode with ion-mediated high-activity nitrogen species and molecular-scale closed-pore architectures.Experimental characterizations and theoretical investigations demonstrate that Zn^(2+)-mediated structural engineering tailors oxidized nitrogen species,which proficiently accelerate the sodium-ion desolvation kinetics;meanwhile the acetate-mediated pore-forming process modulates closed pores,which synergistically afford abundant sodium storage sites for high plateau-region capacity.As a result,the optimized microdomain engineered carbon material(MEC_(3))tailored with the optimal amount of zinc acetate demonstrates an outstanding plateau-region capacity of 253 mAh g^(-1)even at 1 C,among the highest reported values.Consequently,the MEC_(3)||expanded graphite dual-ion battery exhibits an unprecedented cycling stability at high current rate,maintaining 80.6%capacity retention after 10,000 cycles at 10 C,among the best reports.This microdomain engineering strategy provides a new design principle for overcoming kinetic limitations of carbonaceous materials in plateau-dominated sodium storage systems.展开更多
The global transition to carbon neutrality is an urgent and multifaceted challenge that requires the deployment of renewable energy technologies and negative emission solutions(NETs)to reduce greenhouse gas emissions ...The global transition to carbon neutrality is an urgent and multifaceted challenge that requires the deployment of renewable energy technologies and negative emission solutions(NETs)to reduce greenhouse gas emissions across all sectors.This is a review article that looks at the contemporary environment of renewable technologies,such as solar,wind,biomass,hydropower,and geothermal,and how they might help to decarbonize the power sector and their combination with NETs.The paper also looks at the prospects of carbon capture,utilization,and storage,afforestation and reforestation,soil carbon sequestration,ocean-based,and enhanced weathering as some of the methods of offsetting the residual emissions.The article also outlines the economic,policy,and social factors required to have these solutions scaled up,such as the need to have good policy frameworks,invest in innovation,and the need to have the people on board.Lastly,it also gives the future perspective of having a carbon-neutral global economy,and it highlights that technology must be enhanced,more cooperation between countries must be established,and a holistic,open-ended way of attaining carbon neutrality.展开更多
Barren paddy fields characterized by poor soil structure,shallow tillage layers and low organic carbon content are a common limitation to rice production in subtropical China.As a novel approach to soil improvement,gr...Barren paddy fields characterized by poor soil structure,shallow tillage layers and low organic carbon content are a common limitation to rice production in subtropical China.As a novel approach to soil improvement,granulated organic amendments offer significant potential.Previous studies have shown that granulated straw can improve soil physicochemical properties and rapidly increase the soil organic carbon(SOC)content.However,their effects on barren paddies remain underexplored.This study evaluated four soil amendment strategies:no organic amendments(CK),10 t ha^(–1)of composted manure(M10),20 t ha^(–1)of granulated organic amendment(G20),and 40 t ha^(–1)of granulated organic amendment(G40).The objective was to assess the effects of these amendments on soil structure,the contents of aggregate-associated carbon(AAC),particulate organic carbon(POC)and mineral-associated organic carbon(MAOC),and the chemical stability of MAOC among various size aggregates in both topsoil(0–20 cm)and subsoil(20–40 cm).The results demonstrated that organic amendment inputs significantly increased the macroaggregate(>250μm)proportion and improved soil structural stability.These amendments also elevated the carbon concentration within aggregates of various sizes and facilitated the redistribution of organic carbon from microaggregates(53–250μm)and silt+clay fractions(<53μm)to macroaggregates.The proportion of POC to AAC declined with decreasing aggregate size,whereas the proportion of MAOC increased.In the topsoil,macroaggregate formation enhanced the protection of POC,supported the accumulation of non-hydrolyzable carbon within MAOC,and accelerated the formation of intra-microaggregates.In the subsoil,mineral-bound organic carbon remained the dominant form of carbon sequestration.In conclusion,the application of 40 t ha^(–1)of granulated organic amendment proved to be a successful tactic for enhancing soil physicochemical structure,increasing SOC content,and improving carbon stability.This approach offers a promising and innovative solution for the sustainable management and restoration of barren paddy fields.展开更多
基金supported by’regional innovation mega project’program through the Korea Innovation Foundation funded by Ministry of Science and ICT(2710033465)the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(RS-2025-25441256)。
文摘Lithium metal anodes are promising for next-generation high-energy batteries,but their practical application is limited by safety issues arising from uncontrolled Li metal growth.To address these challenges,we report a scalable approach to fabricate flexible,free-standing 3D carbon textiles derived from low-cost cellulose textiles,uniformly decorated with cobalt particles(Co@c-Textile).The work function difference between cobalt particles and carbon induces a redistribution of surface charge,enabling the synergistic combination of cobalt and defective carbon to enhance lithiophilicity and promote uniform Li growth through accelerate surface diffusion.Detailed analyses further reveal that lithium preferentially plates not directly on the cobalt particles,but on the adjacent carbon regions,eventually encapsulating the cobalt and growing uniformly across the carbon surface.As a result,the Co@c-Textile@Li anode exhibits prolonged and stable cycling over 700 h in symmetric cells,along with improved Li+transport kinetics.Furthermore,in full-cells with Li Fe PO_(4)(LFP)cathodes,it delivers over 90%capacity retention at both1C and 4C,and also demonstrates excellent stability under high-voltage conditions with Ni-rich cathodes.These findings clarify the role of transition metal/carbon composites in directing uniform Li plating and provide a viable strategy for designing advanced carbon-hosted Li metal anodes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 52270185,41971257].
文摘Interregional supply chains are associated with large carbon emissions,resulting in regional inequalities and sustainable development challenges.Quantifying interregional carbon flow is essential for setting equitable carbon reduction targets and ensuring fairness among regions.However,as China advances its industrial transformation,the effects of industrial structural changes on regional carbon flow through supply chains remain insufficiently understood.Using Shanghai from 2012 to 2017 as a case study,this research investigates spatial patterns,sectoral characteristics and driving forces of carbon flow within interregional supply chains.Results reveal a 46.9%decrease in carbon inflows and a 70.2%increase in outflows,particularly to high-tech regions,indicating Shanghai's transition from a downstream recipient to an upstream supplier in industrial networks.Reduced inflows were mainly driven by decreased carbon intensity in northern energy and metal sectors,whereas increased outflows were associated with growing demand from southern equipment and construction industries.Energy structure optimization contributed to over 75%of carbon flow reductions,while increased carbon intensity in the digital economy accounted for only around 10%,insufficient to alter flow pathways.The findings indicates that industrial restructuring can support regional climate mitigation.As a pilot carbon trading cities with relatively low environmental cost,Shanghai can collaborate with other regions through carbon markets along key carbon pathways,leveraging financial resources for low-carbon technologies and promoting supply chain-wide emission reduction.This study provides a framework for designing targeted,region-specific mitigation strategies that align with the dynamics of industrial supply chains and contribute to equitable carbon reduction efforts.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016yfd30300508,2017YFD0301602,and 2018yfd0301105)the Science&Technology Development Fund of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,China(kf2015043)。
文摘The rice ratooning system has attracted increasing attention in southern China due to its low carbon emissions and high yield potential.However,the net carbon budget and underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Three rice cropping systems were established in this trial experiment conducted from 2021 to 2022 in Fuzhou(25°05'N,119°13'E),Southeast China:ratooning rice(RR:MC+RSR)pattern for rice ratooning,single-cropping rice(LR_(1)),and double-cropping rice(DC:ER+LR_(2)).The closed static dark box gas collection,dry matter determination,life cycle assessment(LCA)etc.approaches were utilized to investigate the mechanism of“high carbon fixation–low emissions”mechanism in RR.A comprehensive assessment was conducted across multiple dimensions,including crop yield,greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,carbon and nitrogen footprints,resource use efficiency,carbon sequestration capacity,and carbon budget balance.Results showed that the average daily yield of ratoon season rice(RSR)across RR treatments from 2021 to 2022 was 28.21–47.40%higher than that of the main crop(MC)and LR_(1),and the average daily yield of RR was 13.50–27.76%higher than DC.This yield advantage was attributed to a 32.32–39.26%increase in the allocation of^(13)C-labeled photosynthetic products(including non-structural carbohydrates,NSCs)to panicle organs,and a 21.77–43.51%reduction in allocation to underground roots and soil.Furthermore,the average daily global warming potential(GWP)was 16.44 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)for RR,24.99 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)for LR_(1),and 21.32 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)for DC.Specifically,the average daily GWP of ratoon rice was 34.21%lower than that of LR_(1) and 22.90%lower than double-cropping rice.Similarly,the average daily greenhouse gas intensity(GHGI)of ratoon rice was 62.28%lower than LR_(1) and 28.96%lower than double-cropping rice.In terms of carbon and nitrogen footprints,the ratoon rice system exhibited average daily values of 34.54 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)and 0.47 kg N ha^(–1),respectively.In comparison,LR_(1) had values of 45.63 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)and 0.49 kg N ha^(–1),while double-cropping rice showed 43.38 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)and 0.53 kg N ha^(–1).These values represent reductions of 24.30%in carbon footprint and4.28%in nitrogen footprint relative to LR_(1),and 20.38 and 11.45%relative to double-cropping rice,respectively.Moreover,the average annual carbon budget surplus across systems was 22,380.01 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)for ratoon rice(MC+RSR),11,228.54 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)for LR_(1),and 23,772.15 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)for DC.Consequently,the resource utilization efficiency of the RR was 24.42 and 47.50%higher than that of single-cropping and double-cropping systems,respectively.Average daily economic returns also increased by 32.71 and 80.75%,respectively.These findings provide a robust theoretical foundation and practical guidance for advancing agricultural carbon neutrality technologies and ensuring food security.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42476247,42461015)the Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Coastal Science and Integrated Management,Ministry of Natural Resources(No.2024COSIM01)Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent Special Project(No.GuikeAD23026194)。
文摘Understanding the dynamics of vegetation carbon sequestration(VCS)is essential for regional carbon neutrality strategies.This study revealed the spatiotemporal patterns of VCS and its relationship with anthropogenic carbon emissions(ACEs)in Shandong Province,China during 2000-2020,and identified the sensitivity factors affecting VCS.The results show that:1)VCS increased consistently from 193.45 million t to 256.41 million t,with high values areas concentrated in the central,northeastern,and southeastern mountainous and hilly regions,while low values were found in water bodies and urban built-up areas.At the city level,Linyi,Yantai,Binzhou,and Jinan experienced the most significant rises-reaching up to 243000 t/yr.At the county level,Pingdu,Qixia,and Yiyuan also showed substantial growth,each exceeding 30400 t/yr.2)Digital Elevation Molde(DEM)was identified as the dominant natural factor influencing VCS distribution,while land use optimization measures,especially afforestation and farmland conversion in sloped terrain,were the primary human drivers of VCS increase.3)Urbanization and carbon neutrality were not mutually exclusive.While urban expansion locally reduced VCS,rural emigration enhanced carbon sinks in surrounding areas,partially offsetting urban losses.This compensatory mechanism supported VCS increases in nearly all cities and 90% of counties.Nevertheless,with ACEs continuing to rise and the offset ratio by VCS declining,achieving carbon neutrality requires regional strategies that integrate with accelerated energy conservation,emission reduction technologies,and energy transition.These findings provide a scientific basis for decomposing carbon neutrality targets across cities and counties in Shandong and a reference for developing localized land use policies in similar regions.
文摘The effects of nitrogen(N)deposition on forest soil organic carbon(SOC)are largely unclear,likely due to the divergent responses of particulate(POC)and mineral-associated carbon(MAOC).Conventional understory inorganic N(UIN)additions neglect canopy processes and the impacts of organic N,potentially misevaluating N deposition effects.This study was conducted in a long-term N addition experiment established in a Moso bamboo forest,which included six treatments combining canopy and understory N additions with organic(urea glycine)and inorganic(NH_(4)NO_(3))forms at a rate of 50 kg N·ha^(-1)·yr^(-1).Litterbags were installed for a two-year decomposition experiment and collected at quarterly intervals,together with concurrent soil sampling under litterbags at 0–10 cm depth.We aimed to examine the effects of canopy vs.understory N addition and organic vs.inorganic N form on soil POC and MAOC concentrations.Our results showed that canopy N additions significantly reduced POC(ased POC-15.9%)but did not affect MAOC(P>0.05).Conversely,understory N additions significantly incre(30.9%)and decreased MAOC(and fungal diversity(FuD),-28.9%).Canopy N additions decreased POC by enhancing peroxidase activity while understory N additions promoted POC by inhibiting litter decomposition.Additionally,understory N addition-induced soil acidification decreased soil Ca^(2+)concentration,microbial carbon use efficiency,and bacterial necromass C,as well as the release of litter water-soluble compounds,thereby inhibiting MAOC.Moreover,nitrogen forms(organic vs.inorganic)had no effect on SOC fractions.Our findings underscore that canopy and understory N addition approaches differentially regulate SOC fractions by altering litter decomposition–microbial–mineral interactions,and the understory approach may overestimate soil POC gain and MAOC loss driven by atmospheric N deposition.
基金financial support from Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2020B1515420001and 2023B1515040027)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University(23yxqntd002)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20242066)。
文摘Dual-carbon batteries(DCBs)have emerged as an appealing candidate for large-scale energy storage,yet the common trade-off between active sites and electronic conduction in carbon materials engenders a main challenge towards efficient DCBs.Here,we introduce a heteroatom-doped sp^(3) /sp^(2) hybridized carbon fiber membrane(cPAN-Gr)as a universal binder-free active electrode that effectively overcomes this trade-off,enabling efficient Li-ion intercalation chemistry for advanced DCBs.By strategically tuning the sp^(3) and sp^(2) carbon hybridization,the interlayer interaction,geometric and electronic structures of c PANGr are simultaneously optimized,which facilitates rapid Li-ion adsorption,smooth interlayer transport,and efficient electron transport by maximizing the synergy between sp^(2) -and sp^(3) -hybridized carbon.This,coupled with a 3D porous network structure,endows the c PAN-Gr with superior Li-ion storage capability and fast reaction kinetics.Therefore,the c PAN-Gr electrode delivers a high reversible capacity of 345 m A h g^(-1),excellent rate capability(50 C),and an ultralong cycle life over 10,000 cycles,outperforming other reported carbon-based electrodes.Moreover,the constructed DCB exhibits a large specific capacity of 135 m A h g^(-1),long-term cyclability over 500 cycles,and a remarkable energy density of 524.4 Wh kg^(-1).The c PAN-Gr electrode can also be expanded to construct a LiFePO_(4)//cPAN-Gr full battery.Combined theoretical and experimental studies reveal the crucial role of an optimized sp^(3) /sp^(2) ratio(79%)with topological defects and pyridine/pyrrolic N sites on the performance enhancement.This work offers new insights into the design of advanced carbon materials for DCBs and beyond.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42505149,41925023,U2342223,42105069,and 91744208)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2025M770303)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (14380230)the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent,and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change。
文摘Countries around the world have been making efforts to reduce pollutant emissions. However, the response of global black carbon(BC) aging to emission changes remains unclear. Using the Community Atmosphere Model version 6 with a machine-learning-integrated four-mode version of the Modal Aerosol Module, we quantify global BC aging responses to emission reductions for 2011–2018 and for 2050 and 2100 under carbon neutrality. During 2011–18, global trends in BC aging degree(mass ratio of coatings to BC, R_(BC)) exhibited marked regional disparities, with a significant increase in China(5.4% yr^(-1)), which contrasts with minimal changes in the USA, Europe, and India. The divergence is attributed to opposing trends in secondary organic aerosol(SOA) and sulfate coatings, driven by regional changes in the emission ratios of corresponding coating precursors to BC(volatile organic compounds-VOCs/BC and SO_(2)/BC). Projections under carbon neutrality reveal that R_(BC) will increase globally by 47%(118%) in 2050(2100), with strong convergent increases expected across major source regions. The R_(BC) increase, primarily driven by enhanced SOA coatings due to sharper BC reductions relative to VOCs, will enhance the global BC mass absorption cross-section(MAC) by 11%(17%) in 2050(2100).Consequently, although the global BC burden will decline sharply by 60%(76%), the enhanced MAC partially offsets the magnitude of the decline in the BC direct radiative effect, resulting in the moderation of global BC DRE decreases to 88%(92%) of the BC burden reductions in 2050(2100). This study highlights the globally enhanced BC aging and light absorption capacity under carbon neutrality, thereby partly offsetting the impact of BC direct emission reductions on future changes in BC radiative effects globally.
基金Supported by Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi(2024RS-CXTD-53,2024ZC-KJXX-096)the Key R&D Program of Shaanxi Province(2022QCY-LL-69)Xi’an Science and Technology Project(24GXFW0089)。
文摘Under the backdrop of“Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality”(dual carbon)goal in China,the methane-carbon dioxide reforming reaction has attracted considerable attention due to its environmental benefits of converting two greenhouse gases(methane and carbon dioxide)into syngas and its promising industrial applications.Nickel(Ni)-based catalysts,with high catalytic activity,low cost,and abundant resources,are considered ideal candidates for industrial applications.In this article,three reaction kinetic models were briefly introduced,namely the Power-Law(PL)model,the Eley-Rideal(ER)model,and the Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson(LHHW)model.Based on the LHHW model,the reaction kinetics and mechanisms of different catalytic systems were systematically discussed,including the properties of supports,the doping of noble metals and transition metals,the role of promoters,and the influence of the geometric and electronic structures of Ni on the reaction mechanism.Furthermore,the kinetics of carbon deposition and elimination on various catalysts were analyzed.Based on the reaction rate expressions for carbon elimination,the reasons for the high activity of transition metal iron(Fe)-doped catalysts and core-shell structured catalysts in carbon elimination were explained.Based on the detailed collation and comparative analysis of the reaction mechanisms and kinetic characteristics across diverse Ni-based catalytic systems,a theoretical guidance for the designing of high-performance catalysts was provided in this work.
基金supported by the University of Seoul’s 2025 Research Fund.
文摘Vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFBs)are a means of large-scale energy storage due to their excellent scalability,safety,long cycling life,and decoupled power and energy capacities.However,the slow redox kinetics of vanadium species on conventional carbon electrodes remains a major limitation to their performance.We investigated the deposition of carbon black,carbon nanotubes,and electrochemically exfoliated graphene(Exf-Gr)onto thermally-activated carbon paper(ACP)by spray coating to increase the electrode electrocatalytic activity.The modified electrodes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,Raman spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron microscopy,and surface area analysis,while their electrochemical properties were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,and singlecell VRFB testing.Among the modified electrodes,Exf-Gr/ACP had the best performance,achieving a 2.9-fold reduction in charge transfer resistance compared to pristine ACP and delivering 2.5 times the discharge capacity in single-cell tests.This improvement is attributed to Exf-Gr’s high surface area,favorable catalytic activity,and excellent dispersion on the ACP substrate.Surface modification with electrochemically exfoliated graphene is a highly effective strategy for improving the electrode performance in VRFB systems,with significant implications for large-scale energy storage.
基金supported by Thailand Science Research and Inno-vation(TSRI)Fundamental Fund,fiscal year 2024(TUFF14/2567)by the Research Unit in Bioenergy and Catalysis(Thammasat University)+2 种基金partially supported by Thailand Science Research and Innovation(TSRI)under Project No.180677funded by Hub Talent:Sustainable Materials for Circular Economy,National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT)supported by Synchrotron Light Research Institute(SLRI:Beamline 3.2b).
文摘Hydrothermal carbonization(HTC)is a promising techno-economic method for biomass waste valorization owing to its advantages over other thermochemical processes.This study focused on carbon sequestration from sugarcane bioethanol distillery wastewater via HTC and chemical activation to produce activated carbon(AC).The resulting AC was then applied as an active material for supercapacitor electrodes.The introduction of redox molecules,such as 1,4-anthraquinone(AQ)and 9,10-phenanthrenequinone(PQ),on AC increased charge storage capability via redox transformation and enhanced the electrochemical performance of the supercapacitor elec-trode.Electrochemical testing showed that AC loaded with 16 wt%PQ achieved the highest specific capacitance of 488.21 F g^(-1) with remarkable capacitance retention of 95.3% after 1000 charge-discharge cycles.N-doped AC obtained from the HTC of wastewater and melamine presented a slightly enhanced specific capacitance.Various commercial LEDs with a voltage range of 1.8-3.0 V were illuminated simultaneously by connecting them to two series of symmetric supercapacitors,demonstrating the potential application of our proposed strategy in energy storage systems.This study proposes a simple and efficient strategy to utilize wastewater and achieve net-zero emission goals in a Bio-Circular-Green Economy model.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC3701500)the Key R&D Plan Projects of Zhejiang Province(No.2024SSYS0072)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.LDT23E0601).
文摘Ship operations are crucial to global trade,and their decarbonization is essential to mitigate climate change.This study evaluates the economic viability of existing and emerging decarbonization technologies in maritime shipping using the levelized cost of energy methodology.It includes a detailed comparative analysis based on essential criteria and sensitivity assessments to highlight the economic impacts of technological advancements.Key factors influencing total costs include fuel costs,carbon pricing,and energy demands for carbon capture.The findings reveal that methanol is more cost-effective than heavy fuel oil(HFO)when priced below 3000 CNY/t,assuming HFO costs 4400 CNY/t.Additionally,methanol with post-combustion carbon capture is less expensive than pre-combustion carbon capture.When carbon prices rise above 480 CNY/t,carbon capture technologies prove more economical than purchasing carbon emission allowances for HFO and liquefied natural gas.Enhanc-ing the use of exhaust gas waste heat is recommended for cost savings.Post-combustion carbon capture also shows greater efficiency,requiring about 1.1 GJ/t less energy than pre-combustion methods,leading to lower overall costs.Future research should focus on market mechanisms to stabilize fuel prices and develop less energy-intensive carbon capture technologies.This study offers critical insights into effective decarbonization strategies for advancing global maritime trade in the present and future.
基金financial support provided by Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research(KISR).
文摘Nanoporous carbon materials were synthesized from asphaltenes using a thermo-chemical treatment under an inert atmosphere and in-situ KOH activation.N-doping was also employed in certain samples to reveal the impact of nitrogen on the properties of materials.The synthesized materials were fully characterized to disclose their textural properties,structural parameters,surface functional groups,elemental compositions,and morphologies.Textural property analysis revealed a remarkable increase in surface areas after alkaline treatment(~1500-2000 m^(2)/g),which was mainly ascribed to the formation of micro-and mesopores.The measurements of structural parameters endorse and complement the findings on textural properties.The asphaltene-derived porous carbons have been employed in energy storage and carbon capture applications.The materials exhibit specific capacitances ranging from 130 to 180 F/g at 0.2 A/g in a 3 M KOH.These results suggest that nitrogen doping significantly enhances the pseudocapacitive behavior of the electroactive materials by promoting Fara-daic redox reactions and improving ion diffusion and adsorption rates.Asphaltene-derived porous carbons also exhibit notable CO_(2)adsorption capacities of 3-4 mmol/g at 25◦C and 1 bar.Also,breakthrough experiments confirm that the N-doped material exhibits remarkable stability,reusability,and increased surface basicity,achieving an impressive CO_(2)uptake of 0.446 mmol/g.These results highlight the potential of asphaltene-based porous carbons as efficient materials for carbon capture and energy storage applications.
基金funded by the Yunnan Provincial Key Programs for Basic Research Project,China(202301AS070087)the Yunnan Provincial R&D Program,China(202405AF140014 and 202302AO370015)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42307058).
文摘Soil organic carbon(SOC)dynamics significantly influence ecosystem carbon source-sink balance,particularly in agroecosystems.However,uncertainty remains regarding optimal land use types for maximizing farmland carbon storage across different soil types,and identifying effective land management practices for enhanced carbon accumulation is essential for reducing agricultural emissions and strengthening carbon sinks.This study examined SOC variations in eastern Yunnan’s subtropical highlands(2,132 sites),analyzing topsoil(0–20 cm)across five land uses(dryland,irrigated land,forestland,grassland and plantation)of five soil types(red,yellow,yellowbrown,brown,purple).The investigation explored relationships between SOC and edaphic factors(26 elements)to determine SOC influencing factors.The study area demonstrated a mean SOC content of 27.78 g kg^(–1),with distinct spatial heterogeneity characterized by lower values in the southwestern sector and higher concentrations in the northeastern region.Brown soils displayed the highest SOC content(P<0.05),followed by yellow-brown then red,yellow,and purple soils.Irrigation significantly enhanced SOC storage,particularly in brown soils where irrigated land contained 2.2-,2.4-,and 1.6-times higher SOC than forestland,grassland,and dryland,respectively.Similar irrigation benefits occurred in purple,yellow,and yellow-brown soils,indicating moisture limitation as the primary SOC constraint.Notably,SOC exhibited strong positive correlations with nitrogen,sulfur,and selenium.Nitrogen fertilization demonstrated dual benefits:enhancing SOC sequestration and promoting Se enrichment in crops,potentially supporting specialty agriculture.Although land use impacts on SOC varied across soil types(P>0.05),irrigation consistently emerged as the optimal management for carbon sink enhancement.These findings suggest that targeted water management could effectively reduce farmland carbon emissions in moisture-limited subtropical highlands.Strategic nitrogen application offers co-benefits for soil fertility and selenium biofortification,providing practical pathways for climate-smart agriculture in similar ecoregions.
基金supported by the funding from Wuhan Institute of Technology to Dr.Siyue Li(Nos.24QD26 and 21QD02).
文摘Aquatic plants have been widely used for lake ecological restoration.The effect of aquatic plants on lake biogeochemical cycling has been investigated intensively,however,plants’effect on biodegradation of dissolved organic carbon(DOC)is rarely studied.Here we designed an indoor incubation experiment to explore the priming effect(PE)of aquatic plant leaching solution on DOC in shallow lakes,referring to as the input of active dissolved organic matter(DOM)that would arouse changes in the degradation rate of original refractory DOM.Waters from 20 urban lakes of different tropic states were incubated to study their PE on DOC by adding leaching solutions from two submerged freshwater plants,Hydrilla(H)and Vallisneria(V).The study showed a clear influence of aquatic plants on PE with varying directions and intensities.The H incubation group showed a PE range of-6.19%–9.79%,with an average of 2.15%±2.70%,whereas the V incubation group exhibited a PE range of-10.03%to 3.60%,with an average of-0.65%±3.11%.The positive and negative PEs by the two plant species indicate a key role of plants over trophic states on organic carbon dynamics in freshwater lakes.From the perspective of plant leaching input,our results reveal that planting aquatic plants whose leaching solution can reduce PE like V could be used to enhance carbon storage and constrain carbon emission.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22269020,42167068,U23A20582)Gansu Province Higher Education Industry Support Plan Project(No.2023CYZC-17)2024 Major Cultivation Projectfor University Research and Innovation Platforms(No.2024CXPT-10).
文摘There are limitations to using hard carbon(HC)in K^(+)storage due to its insufficient high-current reversible capacity and plateau potential,which result from the lack of effective active sites and low intercalation capabilities.The construction of HC cathodes with more available functional groups and ordered carbon nanocrystal structures is essential for improving K^(+)storage efficiency.Herein,a new perspective is proposed for synthesizing hard carbon nanosheets(HCNS)with abundant hydroxyl groups(O-H)/carboxylic groups(O-C=O)and rational carbon nanocrystals by interfacial assembly and carbonization.Systematic in ex-situ observations,dynamic analysis and theory calculations elucidate that the superior electrochemical capability of HCNS is ascribed to the synergistic effect of abundant available functional groups and ordered graphitic microcrystalline.Consequently,the HCNS exhibits outstanding K^(+)storage capabilities in terms of superb energy density(146.2 Wh/kg),high power density(1,7800 Wh/kg),and ultralong lifespan(102.9%capacity retention after 10,000 cycles).It was also found that the HC structure correlates with the discharge/charge plateau,confirming the'adsorption-insertion'charge storage mechanism.Furthermore,the proposed work provides a theoretical basis for making high-performance HC anodes by understanding the effect of their microstructure on K^(+)storage.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42225706,42377297,42407408,42177283)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.2662023PY010)the support from the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.GZB20230246)。
文摘Agricultural ecosystems play a pivotal role in global carbon(C)sequestration efforts.Microbial C use efficiency(CUE)serves as a comprehensive metric that reflects the balance between microbial contributions to the accumulation and decomposition of soil organic C.However,the overall distribution patterns and underlying drivers of microbial CUE at the national scale remain unclear.Herein,data from 209 paired samples from 55 studies were analyzed to assess the distribution patterns and influencing factors of microbial CUE based on enzyme stoichiometry(CUE_(ST))in agricultural ecosystems across China.Results revealed that farmlands exhibited the highest CUE_(ST)value(mean=0.51),exceeding those of grasslands(0.46)and forests(0.44).Contrasting patterns of CUE_(ST)regulation were observed across land-use types,with farmlands showing significant(P<0.001)positive relationships of CUE_(ST)with phosphorus vs.nitrogen(N/P)limitation index,while grasslands and forests demonstrated inverse(P<0.05)relationships of CUE_(ST)with C limitation index.Nutrient stoichiometry emerged as the dominant driver of CUE_(ST),with enzyme ratios and mean annual precipitation playing secondary roles.Moreover,land management practices,including fertilization,grazing,and tillage,as well as land-use transition,significantly influenced microbial CUE_(ST)by potentially altering nutrient availability and soil properties;notably,water addition in grasslands had particularly positive effects.These findings provide a critical foundation for harnessing microbial CUE in agriculture and may inform scalable strategies to enhance soil C sequestration and climate-smart land management.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42225105,No.42201175The China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2023M733605。
文摘As an essential component of terrestrial carbon sinks,lake sediments store vast quantities of both organic carbon(OC)and inorganic carbon(IC).However,the spatiotemporal relationship between the OC and IC in sediments and their responses to climate change remains unclear,which hinders the comprehensive understanding of carbon dynamics in lake ecosystems.This study systematically analyzes the spatiotemporal dynamics of carbon burial across the Tibetan Plateau using surface sediments from 119 lakes and sediment cores from four representative lakes.Results show that OC burial dominates in humid and dry sub-humid zones,whereas IC burial prevails in arid and semi-arid regions.This distribution reflects the influences of lake and catchment productivity and water chemistry on OC and IC patterns.Sediment cores confirm that these factors have consistently affected lake carbon burial over the past century.Specifically,in humid and dry sub-humid zones,increased precipitation enhances watershed productivity and sedimentation,promoting coupled OC and IC burial.In arid and semi-arid regions,wind-driven dust supplies nutrients and alters water chemistry,also driving coupled OC and IC burial.Based on these findings,the carbon sink capacity of lake sediments on the Tibetan Plateau is projected to increase under the“warming and wetting”trend.
基金support from the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB2402600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52125105,52572282,52472269,52273312,22309200)+3 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515010201,2024A1515012379,2024A1515011670,2023A1515011519)Guangdong Special Support Program Outstanding Young Talents in Science and Technology Innovation(2021TQ05L894)Shenzhen Science and Technology Planning Project(JSGG20220831104004008,SGDX20230116092055008,KCXST20221021111606016)the NSRF via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources&Institutional Development,Research and Innovation(B49G680115).
文摘Sodium-based dual-ion batteries(SDIBs)have been attracting increasing attention in recent years owing to their low cost,environmental benignancy,and high operating voltage.However,the sluggish ion kinetics of conventional carbon anodes that cannot match the fast capacitive anion intercalation behavior of graphite cathodes constraints on improving power density of SDIBs.Herein,we present an ingenious carbon microdomain engineering strategy to fabricate high-performance carbon anode with ion-mediated high-activity nitrogen species and molecular-scale closed-pore architectures.Experimental characterizations and theoretical investigations demonstrate that Zn^(2+)-mediated structural engineering tailors oxidized nitrogen species,which proficiently accelerate the sodium-ion desolvation kinetics;meanwhile the acetate-mediated pore-forming process modulates closed pores,which synergistically afford abundant sodium storage sites for high plateau-region capacity.As a result,the optimized microdomain engineered carbon material(MEC_(3))tailored with the optimal amount of zinc acetate demonstrates an outstanding plateau-region capacity of 253 mAh g^(-1)even at 1 C,among the highest reported values.Consequently,the MEC_(3)||expanded graphite dual-ion battery exhibits an unprecedented cycling stability at high current rate,maintaining 80.6%capacity retention after 10,000 cycles at 10 C,among the best reports.This microdomain engineering strategy provides a new design principle for overcoming kinetic limitations of carbonaceous materials in plateau-dominated sodium storage systems.
文摘The global transition to carbon neutrality is an urgent and multifaceted challenge that requires the deployment of renewable energy technologies and negative emission solutions(NETs)to reduce greenhouse gas emissions across all sectors.This is a review article that looks at the contemporary environment of renewable technologies,such as solar,wind,biomass,hydropower,and geothermal,and how they might help to decarbonize the power sector and their combination with NETs.The paper also looks at the prospects of carbon capture,utilization,and storage,afforestation and reforestation,soil carbon sequestration,ocean-based,and enhanced weathering as some of the methods of offsetting the residual emissions.The article also outlines the economic,policy,and social factors required to have these solutions scaled up,such as the need to have good policy frameworks,invest in innovation,and the need to have the people on board.Lastly,it also gives the future perspective of having a carbon-neutral global economy,and it highlights that technology must be enhanced,more cooperation between countries must be established,and a holistic,open-ended way of attaining carbon neutrality.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFD1900104 and 2021YFD1901203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42177293,42130716 and U23A2009)the Chinese Academy of Sciences Talent Plan Program。
文摘Barren paddy fields characterized by poor soil structure,shallow tillage layers and low organic carbon content are a common limitation to rice production in subtropical China.As a novel approach to soil improvement,granulated organic amendments offer significant potential.Previous studies have shown that granulated straw can improve soil physicochemical properties and rapidly increase the soil organic carbon(SOC)content.However,their effects on barren paddies remain underexplored.This study evaluated four soil amendment strategies:no organic amendments(CK),10 t ha^(–1)of composted manure(M10),20 t ha^(–1)of granulated organic amendment(G20),and 40 t ha^(–1)of granulated organic amendment(G40).The objective was to assess the effects of these amendments on soil structure,the contents of aggregate-associated carbon(AAC),particulate organic carbon(POC)and mineral-associated organic carbon(MAOC),and the chemical stability of MAOC among various size aggregates in both topsoil(0–20 cm)and subsoil(20–40 cm).The results demonstrated that organic amendment inputs significantly increased the macroaggregate(>250μm)proportion and improved soil structural stability.These amendments also elevated the carbon concentration within aggregates of various sizes and facilitated the redistribution of organic carbon from microaggregates(53–250μm)and silt+clay fractions(<53μm)to macroaggregates.The proportion of POC to AAC declined with decreasing aggregate size,whereas the proportion of MAOC increased.In the topsoil,macroaggregate formation enhanced the protection of POC,supported the accumulation of non-hydrolyzable carbon within MAOC,and accelerated the formation of intra-microaggregates.In the subsoil,mineral-bound organic carbon remained the dominant form of carbon sequestration.In conclusion,the application of 40 t ha^(–1)of granulated organic amendment proved to be a successful tactic for enhancing soil physicochemical structure,increasing SOC content,and improving carbon stability.This approach offers a promising and innovative solution for the sustainable management and restoration of barren paddy fields.
