Alzheimer’s disease is initially thought to be caused by age-associated accumulation of plaques,in recent years,research has increasingly associated Alzheimer’s disease with lysosomal storage and metabolic disorders...Alzheimer’s disease is initially thought to be caused by age-associated accumulation of plaques,in recent years,research has increasingly associated Alzheimer’s disease with lysosomal storage and metabolic disorders,and the explanation of its pathogenesis has shifted from amyloid and tau accumulation to oxidative stress and impaired lipid and glucose metabolism aggravated by hypoxic conditions.However,the underlying mechanisms linking those cellular processes and conditions to disease progression have yet to be defined.Here,we applied a disease similarity approach to identify unknown molecular targets of Alzheimer’s disease by using transcriptomic data from congenital diseases known to increase Alzheimer’s disease risk,namely Down syndrome,Niemann-Pick type C disease,and mucopolysaccharidoses I.We uncovered common pathways,hub genes,and miRNAs across in vitro and in vivo models of these diseases as potential molecular targets for neuroprotection and amelioration of Alzheimer’s disease pathology,many of which have never been associated with Alzheimer’s disease.We then investigated common molecular alterations in brain samples from a Niemann-Pick type C disease mouse model by juxtaposing them with brain samples of both human and mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease.Detailed phenotypic,molecular,chronological,and biological aging analyses revealed that the Npc1tm(I1061T)Dso mouse model can serve as a potential short-lived in vivo model for brain aging and Alzheimer’s disease research.This research represents the first comprehensive approach to congenital disease association with neurodegeneration and a new perspective on Alzheimer’s disease research while highlighting shortcomings and lack of correlation in diverse in vitro models.Considering the lack of an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model that recapitulates the physiological hallmarks of brain aging,the short-lived Npc1^(tm(I1061T)Dso) mouse model can further accelerate the research in these fields and offer a unique model for understanding the molecular mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease from a perspective of accelerated brain aging.展开更多
Background:The precise insertion of large DNA fragments(>3–5 kb)remains one of the key obstacles in establishment of genetically modified murine models.Methods:A 21 kb large DNA fragment containing three tandemly ...Background:The precise insertion of large DNA fragments(>3–5 kb)remains one of the key obstacles in establishment of genetically modified murine models.Methods:A 21 kb large DNA fragment containing three tandemly linked copies of the human HRAS gene was inserted into the genome of C57BL/6J mouse,generating a mouse model designated as KI.C57-ras(or named NF-h HRAS).Whole-genome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were utilized to it confirm precise insertion and copy number.The stability of transgene expression among different generations was verified from multiple aspects using by digital PCR,western blot and DNA sequencing.To assess tumor susceptibility in the mouse model,N-Nitroso-N-methylurea(MNU)was administered at a dosage of 75 mg/kg.Histopathological examinations were conducted using hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining.Results:The HRAS DNA fragment was inserted into mouse chromosome 15E1 site,locating between 80623202 bp and 80625020 bp.NF-h HRAS mice exhibited stable inheritance and displayed consistent phenotypes across individuals.Moreover,this mouse model exhibited a high susceptibility to carcinogens.Upon administration of MNU the earliest mortality onset was earlier than that of wild-type littermates(day 65 vs.day 78 for male and day 56 vs.day 84 for female).Notably,100%of the NF-h HRAS transgenic mice developed tumors,with approximately 84%of male NF-h HRAS mice exhibiting specific tumor types,such as squamous cell carcinoma or squamous cell papilloma,which was consistent with the previously reported carcinogenic rasH2 mouse model.The types of tumors and the target organs exhibited diversity in NFh HRAS mice,while the spontaneous tumor incidence remained low(1/50).Conclusions:The NF-h HRAS mice demonstrated excellent genetic stability,a reproducible phenotype,and high susceptibility to carcinogens,indicating their potential utility in non-clinical safety evaluations of drugs as per the S1B guidelines issued by the ICH(The International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use).展开更多
Arid and semiarid ecosystems, or dryland, are important to global biogeochemical cycles. Dryland＇s community structure and vegetation dynamics as well as biogeochemical cycles are sensitive to changes in climate and ...Arid and semiarid ecosystems, or dryland, are important to global biogeochemical cycles. Dryland＇s community structure and vegetation dynamics as well as biogeochemical cycles are sensitive to changes in climate and atmospheric composition. Vegetation dynamic models has been applied in global change studies, but the com- plex interactions among the carbon （C）, water, and nitrogen （N） cycles have not been adequately addressed in the current models. In this study, a process-based vegetation dynamic model was developed to study the responses of dryland ecosystems to environmental changes, emphasizing on the interactions among the C, water, and N proc- esses. To address the interactions between the C and water processes, it not only considers the effects of annual precipitation on vegetation distribution and soil moisture on organic matter （SOM） decomposition, but also explicitly models root competition for water and the water compensation processes. To address the interactions between C and N processes, it models the soil inorganic mater processes, such as N mineralization/immobilization, denitrifica- tion/nitrification, and N leaching, as well as the root competition for soil N. The model was parameterized for major plant functional types and evaluated against field observations.展开更多
In view of the learners Chinglish,this paper puts forward a new teaching model-the Self-correction Model and makes an analysis of it from the view of cognitive psychology.
Current methods that utilize simple data or models to evaluate soil restoration under ecological restoration are not sufficiently rigorous.Soil restoration under ecological restoration measures was evaluated in the re...Current methods that utilize simple data or models to evaluate soil restoration under ecological restoration are not sufficiently rigorous.Soil restoration under ecological restoration measures was evaluated in the red soil hilly region of China by applying the catastrophe model.Among 89 soil sites selected,26(29.21%) were in the middle lobe,10(11.24%) in the upper lobe,and 53(70.79%)in the lower lobe of the process surface in the Cusp catastrophe model.The catastrophic direction of the 26 unstable soil sites was to the upper lobe of the process surface according to vegetation cover change and fieldwork.There was a significant negative correlation of the variation in bifurcation set(? value) with vegetation cover increase,and a higher vegetation cover increase was related to higher unstable probability.The four ecological restoration measures were listed in the order:low-quality forest improvement(LQFI)>arbor-bush-herb mixed plantation(ABHMP)>orchard improvement(OI)>closing measures(CM) according to the proportions of unstable soil sites,which were all higher than no restoration measure,while they were in the order:LQFI<ABHMP<OI<CM according to their ? values,which were all lower than those of no restoration measure.Farmers' assessment of soil restoration under the four ecological restoration measures was in accordance with the proportions of unstable soil sites and inversely proportional to the? value.Therefore,farmers' assessment can prove the evaluation of soil restoration under ecological restoration measures based on catastrophe model.展开更多
By means of hydration heat, XRD and SEM, effect of phosphorus and fluorine （P205 and F-） in phosphorous slag on hydration process of tricalcium silicate （C3S） and tricalcium aluminate （C3A） was explored. The res...By means of hydration heat, XRD and SEM, effect of phosphorus and fluorine （P205 and F-） in phosphorous slag on hydration process of tricalcium silicate （C3S） and tricalcium aluminate （C3A） was explored. The results indicated that the early hydration exothermic rate of C3S and C3A was obviously lowered by P205 and F- in phosphorous slag, the second peak occurring time of C3A was delayed by 0.9 h, the exothermal output of C3S was reduced by 25.04% and the time of accelerating stage was postponed by 0.86 h. The early hydration degree of C3S and C3A was also decreased. Due to the influence of P205 and F, more pores and thinner crystals can be observed in the microstructure of hardened paste and the chance of cracks was reduced.展开更多
The Varzaghan district at the northwestern margin of the Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic arc, is considered a promising area for the exploration of porphyry Cu deposits in Iran. In this study we identified mono-and multi-el...The Varzaghan district at the northwestern margin of the Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic arc, is considered a promising area for the exploration of porphyry Cu deposits in Iran. In this study we identified mono-and multi-element geochemical anomalies associated with Cu–Au–Mo–Bi mineralization in the central parts of the Varzaghan district by applying the concentration–area fractal method. After mono-element geochemical investigations, principal component analysis was applied to ten selected elements in order to acquire a multi-element geochemical signature based on the mineralization-related component. Quantitative comparisons of the obtained fractal-based populations were carried out in accordance with known Cu occurrences using Student's t-values. Then,significant mono-and multi-element geochemical layers were separately combined with related geologic and structural layers to generate prospectivity models, using the fuzzy GAMMA approach. For quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of different geochemical signatures in final prospectivity models, a prediction-area plot was adapted. The results show that the multi-element geochemical signature of principal component one(PC1) is more effective than mono-element layers in delimiting exploration targets related to porphyry Cu deposits.展开更多
Testing-effort（TE） and imperfect debugging（ID） in the reliability modeling process may further improve the fitting and prediction results of software reliability growth models（SRGMs）. For describing the S-shaped...Testing-effort（TE） and imperfect debugging（ID） in the reliability modeling process may further improve the fitting and prediction results of software reliability growth models（SRGMs）. For describing the S-shaped varying trend of TE increasing rate more accurately, first, two S-shaped testing-effort functions（TEFs）, i.e.,delayed S-shaped TEF（DS-TEF） and inflected S-shaped TEF（IS-TEF）, are proposed. Then these two TEFs are incorporated into various types（exponential-type, delayed S-shaped and inflected S-shaped） of non-homogeneous Poisson process（NHPP）SRGMs with two forms of ID respectively for obtaining a series of new NHPP SRGMs which consider S-shaped TEFs as well as ID. Finally these new SRGMs and several comparison NHPP SRGMs are applied into four real failure data-sets respectively for investigating the fitting and prediction power of these new SRGMs.The experimental results show that：（i） the proposed IS-TEF is more suitable and flexible for describing the consumption of TE than the previous TEFs;（ii） incorporating TEFs into the inflected S-shaped NHPP SRGM may be more effective and appropriate compared with the exponential-type and the delayed S-shaped NHPP SRGMs;（iii） the inflected S-shaped NHPP SRGM considering both IS-TEF and ID yields the most accurate fitting and prediction results than the other comparison NHPP SRGMs.展开更多
With global warming and the intensification of human activities, frozen soils continue to melt, leading to the formation of thermokarst collapses and thermokarst lakes. The thawing of permafrost results in the microbi...With global warming and the intensification of human activities, frozen soils continue to melt, leading to the formation of thermokarst collapses and thermokarst lakes. The thawing of permafrost results in the microbial decomposition of large amounts of frozen organic carbon (C), releasing greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO_(2)) and methane (CH4). However, little research has been done on the thermo-water-vapor-carbon coupling process in permafrost, and the interactions among hydrothermal transport, organic matter decomposition, and CO_(2) transport processes in permafrost remain unclear. We considered the decomposition and release of organic C and established a coupled thermo-water-vapor-carbon model for permafrost based on the study area located in the Beiluhe region of the Qingzang Plateau, China. The model established accurately reflected changes in permafrost temperature, moisture, and C fluxes. Dramatic changes in temperature and precipitation in the warm season led to significant soil water and heat transport, CO_(2) transport, and organic matter decomposition. During the cold season, however, the soil froze, which weakened organic matter decomposition and CO_(2) transport. The sensitivity of soil layers to changes in the external environment varied with depth. Fluctuations in energy, water, and CO_(2) fluxes were greater in shallow soil layers than in deeper ones. The latent heat of water-vapor and water-ice phase changes played a crucial role in regulating the temperature of frozen soil. The low content of soil organic matter in the study area resulted in a smaller influence of the decomposition heat of soil organic matter on soil temperature, compared to the high organic matter content in other soil types (such as peatlands).展开更多
Seismological Bureau of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China2) Center for Analysis and Prediction, State Seismological Bureau, Beijing 100036, China3) Observation Center for Prediction of Earthquakes and Volcanic E...Seismological Bureau of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China2) Center for Analysis and Prediction, State Seismological Bureau, Beijing 100036, China3) Observation Center for Prediction of Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions, Faculty of Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 98077, Japan展开更多
α_(s1)-Casein is a potential allergen to induce hypersensitivity in cow milk.We had identifiedα_(s1)-casein and its epitopes in previous studies.The present study aimed to evaluate the allergic mechanism ofα_(s1)-c...α_(s1)-Casein is a potential allergen to induce hypersensitivity in cow milk.We had identifiedα_(s1)-casein and its epitopes in previous studies.The present study aimed to evaluate the allergic mechanism ofα_(s1)-casein in a BALB/c mouse model.The levels of specific IgE,mast cell proteinase,histamine and cytokines in sensitized mice were determined,and the clinical and pathological observation were evaluated.Results showed that the levels of specific IgE,mast cell proteinase,histamine,IL-4,IL-5,IL-10 increased significantly with a dose-dependent trend.The local alveolar septum collapsed or thickened,and lymphatic foci were produced in the spleen and thymus,and the inflammatory cells infiltrated in small intestinal mucosa mesenchyme.In conclusion,the levels of specific IgE,mast cell proteinase,histamine,IL-4,IL-5,IL-10 and some inflammatory factors could possibly serve as allergic biomarkers ofα_(s1)-casein,however,additional studies on signal transduction and gene expression are necessary in future.展开更多
Present paper deals a M/M/1:(∞;GD) queueing model with interdependent controllable arrival and service rates where- in customers arrive in the system according to poisson distribution with two different arrivals rate...Present paper deals a M/M/1:(∞;GD) queueing model with interdependent controllable arrival and service rates where- in customers arrive in the system according to poisson distribution with two different arrivals rates-slower and faster as per controllable arrival policy. Keeping in view the general trend of interdependent arrival and service processes, it is presumed that random variables of arrival and service processes follow a bivariate poisson distribution and the server provides his services under general discipline of service rule in an infinitely large waiting space. In this paper, our central attention is to explore the probability generating functions using Rouche’s theorem in both cases of slower and faster arrival rates of the queueing model taken into consideration;which may be helpful for mathematicians and researchers for establishing significant performance measures of the model. Moreover, for the purpose of high-lighting the application aspect of our investigated result, very recently Maurya [1] has derived successfully the expected busy periods of the server in both cases of slower and faster arrival rates, which have also been presented by the end of this paper.展开更多
An experimental advanced superconducting tokamak （EAST） operation window with the lower hybrid current drive （LHCD） in H-mode is estimated by using a eore-SOL-divertor （C-S-D） model validated by the present EAST...An experimental advanced superconducting tokamak （EAST） operation window with the lower hybrid current drive （LHCD） in H-mode is estimated by using a eore-SOL-divertor （C-S-D） model validated by the present EAST divertor experiments. The operation window consists of four limits including two usual limits, one of which is the maximum allowable heat load onto the divertor plate, and two additional limits associated with the LHCD. The predictive EAST operation window is not qualified to fulfill its mission for high input power. To extend the operation window, gas puffing and impurity seeding are presented as two effective methods. In addition, the effect of the LHCD current on the operation window is also discussed. Our numerical analysis results provide a reference for the safe operation of EAST experiments with LHCD in future.展开更多
在对软件构架和B/S应用程序体系结构的研究过程中,提出了如何运用构架和构件组装技术,通过对可复用构件的组装进行B/S应用程序的设计和快速开发。文章拟以C2构架风格作为在整合应用系统的业务逻辑的基础设施,以B/S Model 2作为表示层的...在对软件构架和B/S应用程序体系结构的研究过程中,提出了如何运用构架和构件组装技术,通过对可复用构件的组装进行B/S应用程序的设计和快速开发。文章拟以C2构架风格作为在整合应用系统的业务逻辑的基础设施,以B/S Model 2作为表示层的框架原型,提出一种基于构架和构件的B/S结构模型,称为CB Model。并且介绍在研究过程中开发的组装支持工具BSAppBuilder。展开更多
基金supported by the NIA/NIH(1K01AG060040).Studies performed by JN were funded by the NICHD/NIH(5R00HD096117)Microscopy Core Facility supported,in part,with funding from NIH-NCI Cancer Center Support Grant P30 CA016059.
文摘Alzheimer’s disease is initially thought to be caused by age-associated accumulation of plaques,in recent years,research has increasingly associated Alzheimer’s disease with lysosomal storage and metabolic disorders,and the explanation of its pathogenesis has shifted from amyloid and tau accumulation to oxidative stress and impaired lipid and glucose metabolism aggravated by hypoxic conditions.However,the underlying mechanisms linking those cellular processes and conditions to disease progression have yet to be defined.Here,we applied a disease similarity approach to identify unknown molecular targets of Alzheimer’s disease by using transcriptomic data from congenital diseases known to increase Alzheimer’s disease risk,namely Down syndrome,Niemann-Pick type C disease,and mucopolysaccharidoses I.We uncovered common pathways,hub genes,and miRNAs across in vitro and in vivo models of these diseases as potential molecular targets for neuroprotection and amelioration of Alzheimer’s disease pathology,many of which have never been associated with Alzheimer’s disease.We then investigated common molecular alterations in brain samples from a Niemann-Pick type C disease mouse model by juxtaposing them with brain samples of both human and mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease.Detailed phenotypic,molecular,chronological,and biological aging analyses revealed that the Npc1tm(I1061T)Dso mouse model can serve as a potential short-lived in vivo model for brain aging and Alzheimer’s disease research.This research represents the first comprehensive approach to congenital disease association with neurodegeneration and a new perspective on Alzheimer’s disease research while highlighting shortcomings and lack of correlation in diverse in vitro models.Considering the lack of an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model that recapitulates the physiological hallmarks of brain aging,the short-lived Npc1^(tm(I1061T)Dso) mouse model can further accelerate the research in these fields and offer a unique model for understanding the molecular mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease from a perspective of accelerated brain aging.
基金National Key R&D Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2023YFC3402000National Institutes for Food and Drug Control,State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science,Grant/Award Number:2023SKLDRS0124。
文摘Background:The precise insertion of large DNA fragments(>3–5 kb)remains one of the key obstacles in establishment of genetically modified murine models.Methods:A 21 kb large DNA fragment containing three tandemly linked copies of the human HRAS gene was inserted into the genome of C57BL/6J mouse,generating a mouse model designated as KI.C57-ras(or named NF-h HRAS).Whole-genome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were utilized to it confirm precise insertion and copy number.The stability of transgene expression among different generations was verified from multiple aspects using by digital PCR,western blot and DNA sequencing.To assess tumor susceptibility in the mouse model,N-Nitroso-N-methylurea(MNU)was administered at a dosage of 75 mg/kg.Histopathological examinations were conducted using hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining.Results:The HRAS DNA fragment was inserted into mouse chromosome 15E1 site,locating between 80623202 bp and 80625020 bp.NF-h HRAS mice exhibited stable inheritance and displayed consistent phenotypes across individuals.Moreover,this mouse model exhibited a high susceptibility to carcinogens.Upon administration of MNU the earliest mortality onset was earlier than that of wild-type littermates(day 65 vs.day 78 for male and day 56 vs.day 84 for female).Notably,100%of the NF-h HRAS transgenic mice developed tumors,with approximately 84%of male NF-h HRAS mice exhibiting specific tumor types,such as squamous cell carcinoma or squamous cell papilloma,which was consistent with the previously reported carcinogenic rasH2 mouse model.The types of tumors and the target organs exhibited diversity in NFh HRAS mice,while the spontaneous tumor incidence remained low(1/50).Conclusions:The NF-h HRAS mice demonstrated excellent genetic stability,a reproducible phenotype,and high susceptibility to carcinogens,indicating their potential utility in non-clinical safety evaluations of drugs as per the S1B guidelines issued by the ICH(The International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use).
基金supported by the International Science & Technology Cooperation Program of China (2010DFA92720-10)the "Hundred Talents Program" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Y174131001)supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2009CB825105)
文摘Arid and semiarid ecosystems, or dryland, are important to global biogeochemical cycles. Dryland＇s community structure and vegetation dynamics as well as biogeochemical cycles are sensitive to changes in climate and atmospheric composition. Vegetation dynamic models has been applied in global change studies, but the com- plex interactions among the carbon （C）, water, and nitrogen （N） cycles have not been adequately addressed in the current models. In this study, a process-based vegetation dynamic model was developed to study the responses of dryland ecosystems to environmental changes, emphasizing on the interactions among the C, water, and N proc- esses. To address the interactions between the C and water processes, it not only considers the effects of annual precipitation on vegetation distribution and soil moisture on organic matter （SOM） decomposition, but also explicitly models root competition for water and the water compensation processes. To address the interactions between C and N processes, it models the soil inorganic mater processes, such as N mineralization/immobilization, denitrifica- tion/nitrification, and N leaching, as well as the root competition for soil N. The model was parameterized for major plant functional types and evaluated against field observations.
文摘In view of the learners Chinglish,this paper puts forward a new teaching model-the Self-correction Model and makes an analysis of it from the view of cognitive psychology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41371512 and 41171232)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(No.2017J01462)
文摘Current methods that utilize simple data or models to evaluate soil restoration under ecological restoration are not sufficiently rigorous.Soil restoration under ecological restoration measures was evaluated in the red soil hilly region of China by applying the catastrophe model.Among 89 soil sites selected,26(29.21%) were in the middle lobe,10(11.24%) in the upper lobe,and 53(70.79%)in the lower lobe of the process surface in the Cusp catastrophe model.The catastrophic direction of the 26 unstable soil sites was to the upper lobe of the process surface according to vegetation cover change and fieldwork.There was a significant negative correlation of the variation in bifurcation set(? value) with vegetation cover increase,and a higher vegetation cover increase was related to higher unstable probability.The four ecological restoration measures were listed in the order:low-quality forest improvement(LQFI)>arbor-bush-herb mixed plantation(ABHMP)>orchard improvement(OI)>closing measures(CM) according to the proportions of unstable soil sites,which were all higher than no restoration measure,while they were in the order:LQFI<ABHMP<OI<CM according to their ? values,which were all lower than those of no restoration measure.Farmers' assessment of soil restoration under the four ecological restoration measures was in accordance with the proportions of unstable soil sites and inversely proportional to the? value.Therefore,farmers' assessment can prove the evaluation of soil restoration under ecological restoration measures based on catastrophe model.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50802067)
文摘By means of hydration heat, XRD and SEM, effect of phosphorus and fluorine （P205 and F-） in phosphorous slag on hydration process of tricalcium silicate （C3S） and tricalcium aluminate （C3A） was explored. The results indicated that the early hydration exothermic rate of C3S and C3A was obviously lowered by P205 and F- in phosphorous slag, the second peak occurring time of C3A was delayed by 0.9 h, the exothermal output of C3S was reduced by 25.04% and the time of accelerating stage was postponed by 0.86 h. The early hydration degree of C3S and C3A was also decreased. Due to the influence of P205 and F, more pores and thinner crystals can be observed in the microstructure of hardened paste and the chance of cracks was reduced.
文摘The Varzaghan district at the northwestern margin of the Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic arc, is considered a promising area for the exploration of porphyry Cu deposits in Iran. In this study we identified mono-and multi-element geochemical anomalies associated with Cu–Au–Mo–Bi mineralization in the central parts of the Varzaghan district by applying the concentration–area fractal method. After mono-element geochemical investigations, principal component analysis was applied to ten selected elements in order to acquire a multi-element geochemical signature based on the mineralization-related component. Quantitative comparisons of the obtained fractal-based populations were carried out in accordance with known Cu occurrences using Student's t-values. Then,significant mono-and multi-element geochemical layers were separately combined with related geologic and structural layers to generate prospectivity models, using the fuzzy GAMMA approach. For quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of different geochemical signatures in final prospectivity models, a prediction-area plot was adapted. The results show that the multi-element geochemical signature of principal component one(PC1) is more effective than mono-element layers in delimiting exploration targets related to porphyry Cu deposits.
基金supported by the Pre-research Foundation of CPLA General Equipment Department
文摘Testing-effort（TE） and imperfect debugging（ID） in the reliability modeling process may further improve the fitting and prediction results of software reliability growth models（SRGMs）. For describing the S-shaped varying trend of TE increasing rate more accurately, first, two S-shaped testing-effort functions（TEFs）, i.e.,delayed S-shaped TEF（DS-TEF） and inflected S-shaped TEF（IS-TEF）, are proposed. Then these two TEFs are incorporated into various types（exponential-type, delayed S-shaped and inflected S-shaped） of non-homogeneous Poisson process（NHPP）SRGMs with two forms of ID respectively for obtaining a series of new NHPP SRGMs which consider S-shaped TEFs as well as ID. Finally these new SRGMs and several comparison NHPP SRGMs are applied into four real failure data-sets respectively for investigating the fitting and prediction power of these new SRGMs.The experimental results show that：（i） the proposed IS-TEF is more suitable and flexible for describing the consumption of TE than the previous TEFs;（ii） incorporating TEFs into the inflected S-shaped NHPP SRGM may be more effective and appropriate compared with the exponential-type and the delayed S-shaped NHPP SRGMs;（iii） the inflected S-shaped NHPP SRGM considering both IS-TEF and ID yields the most accurate fitting and prediction results than the other comparison NHPP SRGMs.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U22A20596).
文摘With global warming and the intensification of human activities, frozen soils continue to melt, leading to the formation of thermokarst collapses and thermokarst lakes. The thawing of permafrost results in the microbial decomposition of large amounts of frozen organic carbon (C), releasing greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO_(2)) and methane (CH4). However, little research has been done on the thermo-water-vapor-carbon coupling process in permafrost, and the interactions among hydrothermal transport, organic matter decomposition, and CO_(2) transport processes in permafrost remain unclear. We considered the decomposition and release of organic C and established a coupled thermo-water-vapor-carbon model for permafrost based on the study area located in the Beiluhe region of the Qingzang Plateau, China. The model established accurately reflected changes in permafrost temperature, moisture, and C fluxes. Dramatic changes in temperature and precipitation in the warm season led to significant soil water and heat transport, CO_(2) transport, and organic matter decomposition. During the cold season, however, the soil froze, which weakened organic matter decomposition and CO_(2) transport. The sensitivity of soil layers to changes in the external environment varied with depth. Fluctuations in energy, water, and CO_(2) fluxes were greater in shallow soil layers than in deeper ones. The latent heat of water-vapor and water-ice phase changes played a crucial role in regulating the temperature of frozen soil. The low content of soil organic matter in the study area resulted in a smaller influence of the decomposition heat of soil organic matter on soil temperature, compared to the high organic matter content in other soil types (such as peatlands).
文摘Seismological Bureau of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China2) Center for Analysis and Prediction, State Seismological Bureau, Beijing 100036, China3) Observation Center for Prediction of Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions, Faculty of Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 98077, Japan
基金supported by National Science and Technology Project in Rural Areas(China,2018YFC1604205)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Beijing,China31872886)。
文摘α_(s1)-Casein is a potential allergen to induce hypersensitivity in cow milk.We had identifiedα_(s1)-casein and its epitopes in previous studies.The present study aimed to evaluate the allergic mechanism ofα_(s1)-casein in a BALB/c mouse model.The levels of specific IgE,mast cell proteinase,histamine and cytokines in sensitized mice were determined,and the clinical and pathological observation were evaluated.Results showed that the levels of specific IgE,mast cell proteinase,histamine,IL-4,IL-5,IL-10 increased significantly with a dose-dependent trend.The local alveolar septum collapsed or thickened,and lymphatic foci were produced in the spleen and thymus,and the inflammatory cells infiltrated in small intestinal mucosa mesenchyme.In conclusion,the levels of specific IgE,mast cell proteinase,histamine,IL-4,IL-5,IL-10 and some inflammatory factors could possibly serve as allergic biomarkers ofα_(s1)-casein,however,additional studies on signal transduction and gene expression are necessary in future.
文摘Present paper deals a M/M/1:(∞;GD) queueing model with interdependent controllable arrival and service rates where- in customers arrive in the system according to poisson distribution with two different arrivals rates-slower and faster as per controllable arrival policy. Keeping in view the general trend of interdependent arrival and service processes, it is presumed that random variables of arrival and service processes follow a bivariate poisson distribution and the server provides his services under general discipline of service rule in an infinitely large waiting space. In this paper, our central attention is to explore the probability generating functions using Rouche’s theorem in both cases of slower and faster arrival rates of the queueing model taken into consideration;which may be helpful for mathematicians and researchers for establishing significant performance measures of the model. Moreover, for the purpose of high-lighting the application aspect of our investigated result, very recently Maurya [1] has derived successfully the expected busy periods of the server in both cases of slower and faster arrival rates, which have also been presented by the end of this paper.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11105176 and 11105224)
文摘An experimental advanced superconducting tokamak （EAST） operation window with the lower hybrid current drive （LHCD） in H-mode is estimated by using a eore-SOL-divertor （C-S-D） model validated by the present EAST divertor experiments. The operation window consists of four limits including two usual limits, one of which is the maximum allowable heat load onto the divertor plate, and two additional limits associated with the LHCD. The predictive EAST operation window is not qualified to fulfill its mission for high input power. To extend the operation window, gas puffing and impurity seeding are presented as two effective methods. In addition, the effect of the LHCD current on the operation window is also discussed. Our numerical analysis results provide a reference for the safe operation of EAST experiments with LHCD in future.
文摘在对软件构架和B/S应用程序体系结构的研究过程中,提出了如何运用构架和构件组装技术,通过对可复用构件的组装进行B/S应用程序的设计和快速开发。文章拟以C2构架风格作为在整合应用系统的业务逻辑的基础设施,以B/S Model 2作为表示层的框架原型,提出一种基于构架和构件的B/S结构模型,称为CB Model。并且介绍在研究过程中开发的组装支持工具BSAppBuilder。
