Although activated carbon filters are thought to be the best way to remove per-and polyfluorinated alkyl substances(PFAS),it is yet unknown how biofilms affect PFAS removal.This study first examined how the removal of...Although activated carbon filters are thought to be the best way to remove per-and polyfluorinated alkyl substances(PFAS),it is yet unknown how biofilms affect PFAS removal.This study first examined how the removal of PFAS in full-scale drinking water treatment plants(DWTPs)was impacted by biofilm from biological activated carbon(BAC)of varying depths and carbon ages.PFAS desorption from BAC was visible,but at this point,BAC could still remove dissolved organic matter(DOM)efficiently.Studies have demonstrated that the use of activated carbon filters can dramatically lower the content of PFAS in water,with the amount of PFAS reducing as the filter’s depth grows and its use duration increases.Additionally,pore-clogging becomes more noticeable as the biofilm ages,which reduces BAC’s capacity to eliminate PFAS and hinders PFAS desorption.Furthermore,the adsorption process of PFAS may be impeded by the secretion of biofilms,which are composed of proteins and polysaccharides.Based on the analysis above,it can be the adsorption of PFAS by BAC is significantly inhibited by biofilms,according to another research.This provides theoretical direction for improving the removal effectiveness of PFAS in DWTPs.展开更多
Nano ceria(nano-CeO_(2))has been widely applied in various fields of industry and daily life,however,knowledge regarding the biological effects of nano-CeO_(2)with different intrinsic physicochemical properties remain...Nano ceria(nano-CeO_(2))has been widely applied in various fields of industry and daily life,however,knowledge regarding the biological effects of nano-CeO_(2)with different intrinsic physicochemical properties remains limited.In this study,we investigated the impact of nano-CeO_(2)with different properties on the growth of a typical environmental species(romaine lettuce,Lactuca sativa L.)by exposing the plant to four types of CeO_(2)(rod-like nano-CeO_(2)(RNC),cubic nano-CeO_(2)(CNC),spherical nano-CeO_(2)(SNC)and commercial irregular CeO_(2)(CIC))during the germination stage.The results indicated that different types of CeO_(2)exhibited varying inhibitory effects on plant growth.RNC and SNC significantly inhibited the elongation of roots and shoots,while CNC and CIC did not have a significant impact.We further examined the distribution and biotransformation of the four CeO_(2)in plant tissues using transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and synchrotron X-ray absorption near edge structure(XANES).Specifically,the positively charged RNC and SNC were more readily adsorbed onto the root surface,and needle-like nanoclusters were deposited in the intercellular space inside the roots.The absolute content of Ce(III)in the roots romaine lettuce was in the order of RNC>SNC>>CNC>>CIC.The size and shape(i.e.,exposed crystal surface)of the materials affected their reactivity and dissolution ratios,and zeta potentials affected their bioavailability,both of which influenced the overall contents of Ce^(3+)ions in plant tissues.Thus,these characteristics together led to different biological effects.These findings highlight the importance of considering the intrinsic properties of nano-CeO_(2)when assessing their environmental and biological effects.展开更多
Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)is a ubiquitous respiratory virus that affects individuals of all ages;however,there is a notable lack of targeted treatments.RSV infection is associated with a range of respiratory sym...Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)is a ubiquitous respiratory virus that affects individuals of all ages;however,there is a notable lack of targeted treatments.RSV infection is associated with a range of respiratory symptoms,including bronchiolitis and pneumonia.Baicalin(BA)exhibits significant therapeutic effects against RSV infection through mechanisms of viral inhibition and anti-inflammatory action.Nonetheless,the clinical application of BA is constrained by its low solubility and bioavailability.In this study,we prepared BA nanodrugs(BA NDs)with enhanced water solubility utilizing the supramolecular self-assembled strategy,and we further conducted a comparative analysis of this pharmacological activity between free drugs and NDs of BA.Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that BA NDs significantly enhanced the dual effects of viral inhibition and inflammation relief compared to free BA,attributed to prolonged lung retention,improved cellular uptake,and increased targeting affinity.Our study confirms that the nanosizing strategy,a straightforward approach to enhance drug solubility,can also increase biological activity compared to free drugs with the same content,thereby providing a potential ND for RSV treatment.This correlation analysis between the existing forms of drugs and their biological activity offers a novel perspective for research on the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine.展开更多
Biological nitrogen fixation(BNF)and photosynthetic carbon fixation underpin food production and climate mitigation,yet natural systems are constrained by oxygen sensitivity,high energy demand,and inefficient catalyst...Biological nitrogen fixation(BNF)and photosynthetic carbon fixation underpin food production and climate mitigation,yet natural systems are constrained by oxygen sensitivity,high energy demand,and inefficient catalysts.This review synthesizes advances that recast these processes as engineering targets and proposes a conceptual roadmap that bridges synthetic symbioses with the synthetic biology of enzymes and pathways.For BNF,progress spans cross-kingdom strategies—from refactoring nif gene sets and targeting nitrogenase assembly to eukaryotic organelles,to engineering plant-associated diazotrophs,rhizosphere control circuits,and emerging nodule-like microenvironments.For carbon assimilation,new-to-nature CO_(2)-fixation modules and photorespiratory bypasses illustrate how pathway redesign and alternative carboxylases can circumvent key Calvin–Benson–Bassham limitations,and expanding photosynthetic light capture offers additional leverage.Across these domains,we extract common design principles:(i)nitrogenase output is increasingly governed by carbon/energy supply and electron delivery as much as by oxygen protection;(ii)robust function requires compartment-aware enzyme–chassis coordination,substrate channeling,and dynamic regulation using sensors and control circuits;and(iii)scalable implementation may benefit from distributing metabolic labor across engineered consortia rather than forcing all functions into a single host.We discuss enabling technologies—including AI-guided protein design and directed evolution,cell-free prototyping,chassis toolkits,and materials/bioelectrochemical interfaces—that can accelerate design–build–test–learn cycles and reduce barriers to deployment.Together,these insights define a path toward integrated nitrogen and carbon fixation systems for low-emission agriculture and biomanufacturing.展开更多
The inhibitory effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO NPs)and impacts of N-acylhomoserine lactone(AHL)-based quorum sensing(QS)on biological nitrogen removal(BNR)performance have beenwell-investigated.However,the eff...The inhibitory effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO NPs)and impacts of N-acylhomoserine lactone(AHL)-based quorum sensing(QS)on biological nitrogen removal(BNR)performance have beenwell-investigated.However,the effects of ammonia nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N)concentrations on NP toxicity and AHL regulation have seldom been addressed yet.This study consulted on the impacts of ZnO NPs on BNR systems when high NH_(4)^(+)-N concentrationwas available.The synergistic toxic effects of high-strength NH_(4)^(+)-N(200 mg/L)and ZnO NPs resulted in decreased ammonia oxidation rates and dropped the nitrogen removal efficiencies by 17.5%±0.2%.The increased extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)production was observed in response to the high NH_(4)^(+)-N and ZnO NP stress,which indicated the defensemechanism against the toxic effects in the BNR systemswas stimulated.Furthermore,the regulatory effects of exogenous N-decanoyl-homoserine lactone(C_(10)-HSL)-mediated QS system on NP-stressed BNR systems were revealed to improve the BNR performance under different NH_(4)^(+)-N concentrations.The C_(10)-HSL regulated the intracellular reactive oxygen species levels,denitrification functional enzyme activities,and antioxidant enzyme activities,respectively.This probably synergistically enhanced the defense mechanism against NP toxicity.However,compared to the low NH_(4)^(+)-N concentration of 60 mg/L,the efficacy of C_(10)-HSL was inhibited at high NH_(4)^(+)-N levels of 200 mg/L.The findings provided the significant application potential of QS system for BNR when facing toxic compound shock threats.展开更多
Biological soil crusts(BSCs)play crucial roles in improving soil fertility and promoting plants settlement and reproduction in arid areas.However,the specific effects of BSCs on growth status and nutrient accumulation...Biological soil crusts(BSCs)play crucial roles in improving soil fertility and promoting plants settlement and reproduction in arid areas.However,the specific effects of BSCs on growth status and nutrient accumulation of plants are still unclear in different arid areas.This study analyzed the effects of three different BSCs treatments(without crust(WC),intact crust(IC),and broken crust(BC))on the growth,inorganic nutrient absorption,and organic solute synthesis of three typical desert plants(Grubovia dasyphylla(Fisch.&C.A.Mey.)Freitag&G.Kadereit,Nitraria tangutorum Bobrov,and Caragana koraiensis Kom.)in the Minqin desert-oasis ecotone of Northwest China.Results showed that the effects of three BSCs treatments on seed emergence and survival of three plants varied with seed types.The IC treatment significantly hindered the emergence and survival of seeds,while the BC treatment was more conducive to seed emergence and survival of plants.BSCs significantly promoted the growth of three plants,but their effects on plant growth varied at different stages of the growth.Briefly,the growth of G.dasyphylla was affected by BSCs in early stage,but the effects on the growth of G.dasyphylla significantly weakened in the middle and late stages.However,the growth of N.tangutorum and C.koraiensis only showed differences at the middle and late stages,with a significant enhancement in growth.Analysis of variance showed that BSCs,plant species,growth period,and their interactions had significant effects on the biomass and root:shoot ratio of three plants.BSC significantly affected the nutrients absorption and organic solute synthesis in plants.Specifically,BSCs significantly promoted nitrogen(N)absorption in plants and increased plant adaptability in N poor desert ecosystems,but had no significant effects on phosphorus(P)absorption.The effects of BSCs on inorganic nutrient absorption and organic solute synthesis in plants varied significantly among different plant species.The results suggest that BSCs have significant effects on the growth and nutrient accumulation of desert plants,which will provide theoretical basis for exploring the effects of BSCs on desert plant diversity,biodiversity conservation,and ecosystem management measures in arid and semi-arid areas.展开更多
Rice cropping method is primarily decided by soil moisture regime.System of rice intensification(SRI)and direct-seeded aerobic rice are two primary modifications of traditional wetland rice.Understanding rice rhizosph...Rice cropping method is primarily decided by soil moisture regime.System of rice intensification(SRI)and direct-seeded aerobic rice are two primary modifications of traditional wetland rice.Understanding rice rhizosphere microbiome and functioning as influenced by these cropping methods is essential for sustaining rice productivity.The objective of this study was to assess the impact of three different rice cropping methods(wetland rice,SRI,and aerobic rice)on the biochemical properties and bacterial communities within the rice rhizosphere across three key rice growth stages:tillering,flowering,and maturity.Soil organic carbon(SOC),microbial biomass carbon(MBC),dehydrogenase activity,substrate-induced respiration(SIR),and metabolic quotient(MQ)were assessed along with high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing of rice rhizosphere soils.The rice rhizosphere soil registered the highest SOC,MBC,and dehydrogenase activity in SRI followed by wetland rice and then aerobic rice.Cropping method had a minimal impact on SIR and MQ.Along with cropping method,growth stage also significantly altered these biological attributes of rice rhizosphere.The trends of the highest SOC content and dehydrogenase activity at the flowering stage and the highest MBC content and SIR at the tillering stage of rice were observed in all three rice cropping methods.The analysis of bacterial communities,based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing,revealed that both cropping method and growth stage significantly impacted the composition of rhizosphere microbiomes.However,the influence of cropping method was less pronounced compared to growth stage.Cropping method caused notable shifts in the abundances of Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,and Chloroflexi,while growth stage affected the abundances of Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Cyanobacteria,Firmicutes,Chloroflexi,and Bacteroidetes.Based on these results,the SRI method led to higher diversification to the rhizosphere bacteriobiota,as well as greater incorporation of carbon into the soil and increased dehydrogenase activity compared to wetland rice and aerobic rice.This study deepens our understanding of how different cropping methods influence plant-microbe interaction and the implications for overall rice productivity and soil health.展开更多
Biological aging is a complex physiological process characterized by a decline in tissue function and the loss of cellular capabilities,which increase an individual's risk of various diseases[1].While genetic fact...Biological aging is a complex physiological process characterized by a decline in tissue function and the loss of cellular capabilities,which increase an individual's risk of various diseases[1].While genetic factors and lifestyle are key influences on biological aging,environmental factors also play a significant role.Given the rapid aging of the global population,elucidating the factors that influence biological aging is crucial for promoting healthy aging.展开更多
Gold nanoclusters(AuNCs)are ultrasmall(<2 nm)aggregates of gold atoms that exhibit discrete electronic states,size-dependent photoluminescence,and exceptional biocompatibility,making them ideal candidates for thera...Gold nanoclusters(AuNCs)are ultrasmall(<2 nm)aggregates of gold atoms that exhibit discrete electronic states,size-dependent photoluminescence,and exceptional biocompatibility,making them ideal candidates for theranostic applications.Their tunable surface chemistry enables targeted delivery,while strong near-infrared emission and environmental responsiveness allow for sensitive detection and deep-tissue imaging.Recent advances have revealed that controlled assembly of AuNCs into higher-order architectures-guided by biological scaffolds such as nucleic acids,peptides,and proteins-can markedly enhance their optical and electronic properties through aggregation-induced emission(AiE)and stabilization of surface ligands.This review summarizes recent progress in the design and biomedical applications of AuNC assemblies generated using biomolecules as structure-directing scaffolds.Covalent and noncovalent interactions with biomolecules enable the formation of well-defined one-,two-,and three-dimensional structures with tunable morphologies and sizes.These assemblies display distinctive photophysical behaviors that have been exploited for biosensing,bioimaging,and therapeutic applications in both cellular and in vivo models.Compared with individual AuNCs,assembled systems offer improved uptake,prolonged circulation,and efficient clearance,while protecting labile cargos such as nucleic acids and proteins.Moreover,their ordered and defined architectures can be engineered for controlled drug release and synergistic photo-or radiotherapeutic effects.Despite these advances,fundamental understanding of how structural organization governs photophysical responses remains limited.Elucidating parameters such as intercluster spacing and loading density will be essential for optimizing performance.Overall,biologically guided AuNC assemblies represent a powerful platform for multifunctional biosensing and therapy,bridging nanoscale design with biological function.展开更多
Panax notoginseng(P.notoginseng),a valuable traditional Chinese medicine,is the dried root of plants in Acanthopanax gracilistylus family,with the effect of dispersing blood stasis,eliminating swelling and relieving p...Panax notoginseng(P.notoginseng),a valuable traditional Chinese medicine,is the dried root of plants in Acanthopanax gracilistylus family,with the effect of dispersing blood stasis,eliminating swelling and relieving pain.With the development of modern medicine,the active ingredients and mechanisms of P.notoginseng have been gradually revealed.The present paper systematically reviews the chemical composition and biological activities of P.nologinseng,to provide a scientific basis and reference for detailed research on P.nologinseng.展开更多
Agglomeration supports the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry,and its associated resource and environmental effects play a crucial role in driving green economic development.Based on data from pref...Agglomeration supports the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry,and its associated resource and environmental effects play a crucial role in driving green economic development.Based on data from prefecture-level cities in China from 2005 to 2019,this study employs the inverse distance weighting method,the bivariate local indicator of spatial association model,the spatial Durbin model,and other techniques to explore the relationship between manufacturing agglomeration and PM_(2.5)concentrations,and to assess the impact of its manufacturing agglomeration.Four correlation patterns are observed:high-high,low-low,high-low,and low-high.Among these,high-high and low-low patterns dominate in terms of number of cities.These correlation patterns demonstrate strong temporal stability,with a clear“Matthew effect”.The effect of manufacturing agglomeration on PM_(2.5)levels is significantly negative and helps reduce concentrations regionally,indicating the need to further enhance agglomeration levels regionally.However,it can increase PM_(2.5)levels in neighboring areas due to a siphon effect,and the impact of varies across regions.Compared with levels in 2005-2013,the significance of the relationship between manufacturing agglomeration and PM_(2.5)weakened in the 2013-2019 period.Accordingly,this study proposes countermeasures and policy recommendations aimed at strengthening regional collaborative governance and inspiring differentiated agglomeration strategies to support sustainable economic development in China.展开更多
Biological invasion is a pressing environmental and ecological challenge worldwide.Cabomba caroliniana(C.caroliniana),a submerged macrophyte native to South America,is listed as a high-priority invasive species in sev...Biological invasion is a pressing environmental and ecological challenge worldwide.Cabomba caroliniana(C.caroliniana),a submerged macrophyte native to South America,is listed as a high-priority invasive species in several countries.It is critical to understand how water temperature influences its invasiveness for effective management.However,research on the effects of water temperature on C.caroliniana the growth is limited.This study used controlled experiments to examine how water temperature(5-30℃)affects the morphological,physiological,photosynthetic,and stoichiometric traits of C.caroliniana.The results showed that broad water temperature tolerance of C.caroliniana significantly impacts its reproductive capacity and invasive potential.At 5-10℃,cold stress induced carotenoid synthesis and total organic carbon accumulation,enabling adaptation to low temperatures.However,C.caroliniana grew slowly,as its root development was limited,and its invasiveness remained low.At 20-30℃,increased chlorophyll synthesis and enhanced resource-use efficiency supported rapid growth,including more branches,leading to high invasion and dispersal potential.Thus,C.caroliniana exhibited strong colonization and spread quickly in tropical and subtropical waters(>20℃).In temperate zones,populations can be established during summer(20-25℃)and survive winter hrough cold adaptation.We recommended prioritizing control measures during warm seasons(20-30℃)to disrupt propagule dispersal,alongside early monitoring in temperate waters to inhibit ecological invasion.展开更多
The cold chain environment is an important route for the long⁃distance transmission of pathogenic micro⁃organisms.In this study,we explored the mechanisms of secondary propagation through surface contact on cold surfa...The cold chain environment is an important route for the long⁃distance transmission of pathogenic micro⁃organisms.In this study,we explored the mechanisms of secondary propagation through surface contact on cold surfaces.A quantitative statistical experimental method was adopted to study the surface⁃contact transmission of micro⁃organisms,wherein the transfer rate of surface contact was the dependent variable and Escherichia coli was used as the indicator bacterium.The effects of contact pressure(0.44,0.86,1.55,2.25,and 2.94 N/cm^(2)),contact time(0,15,30,45,and 60 s),contact angle(15°and 25°),and surface materials(rubber and cotton gloves)were measured at two storage temperatures:cold storage(5℃)and freezing(-18℃).The results showed that as temperature decreases,the transfer of micro⁃organisms through surface contact becomes less probable.The contact time did not significantly influence the transfer rate of micro⁃organisms when items were handled at cold⁃storage temperatures.Based on these results,we recommend placing items as flat as possible to minimize the tilt angle when handling them at cold⁃storage temperatures.Additionally,if the tilt angle cannot be avoided,rubber gloves should be used when handling items stored at large tilt angles,whereas cotton gloves may be used for items placed at smaller angles.展开更多
Legume-based intercropping enhances asymbiotic biological nitrogen fixation(BNF);however,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear,including the roles of soil keystone diazotroph taxa with varying niche breadths.A fiel...Legume-based intercropping enhances asymbiotic biological nitrogen fixation(BNF);however,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear,including the roles of soil keystone diazotroph taxa with varying niche breadths.A field experiment was conducted to evaluate soil BNF variations between rhizosphere and bulk soils in peanut/cotton intercropping systems and monocultures.BNF activities were measured by nitrogen fixation rates,nitrogenase activity,and nifH gene abundance.Phylogenetic null models,co-occurrence networks,and niche breadth analysis were applied to investigate the roles of diazotrophic keystone taxa and their ecological niches.Rhizosphere soils exhibited 7.8–125.5%higher BNF potentials than bulk soils,whereas intercropping systems showed 11.6–323.0%increases over monocultures for nitrogen fixation rate,nitrogenase activity,and nifH gene abundance(all P<0.05).Diazotrophic community composition and diversity differed significantly,with Proteobacteria(excluding Alphaproteobacteria)enriched in intercropping and rhizosphere soils,while Cyanobacteria and Firmicutes were less abundant.Deterministic processes,particularly heterogeneous selection,dominated community assembly in the rhizosphere(91.9%)and intercropping soils(86.3%).The co-occurrence networks consistently revealed more complex and interconnected communities in intercropping and rhizosphere soils that were dominated by opportunistic diazotrophs(78.8–85.9%),followed by specialists(10.2–18.5%)and generalists(1.38–3.80%).Keystone taxa,including opportunists such as Azoarcus,Azohydromonas,and Steroidobacter,and generalists like Pseudomonas and Azotobacter,correlated positively with microbial biomass carbon and nitrate nitrogen,contributing to enhanced BNF.Peanut/cotton intercropping enhances BNF by selectively enriching the keystone diazotrophic taxa with varying ecological roles,particularly opportunists and generalists.Such targeted intercropping strategies can optimize BNF,improve soil fertility,and promote sustainable agricultural production.展开更多
Live imaging enables direct observation of dynamic biological processes,capturing their progression from molecular to organismal scales in space and time.Through high-resolution observation,it provides a powerful mean...Live imaging enables direct observation of dynamic biological processes,capturing their progression from molecular to organismal scales in space and time.Through high-resolution observation,it provides a powerful means to decode biological complexity by revealing dynamic behaviors,spatial patterns,and regulatory changes.This review illustrates the application of live imaging in investigating complex biological processes with spatiotemporal resolution and mechanistic insight.We first highlight the analytical power and integrative strategies of live imaging,and then summarize recent advances that further extend its capacities.We then focus on four complex processes―cell proliferation,lineage regulation,morphogenesis,and atlas construction―to elucidate how live imaging contributes to their decoding through representative studies.We also discuss the conceptual and practical limitations that currently constrain the full interpretive potential of live imaging,underscoring the need for deeper integration between observation,perturbation,and modeling.Looking ahead,live imaging will benefit from both technical refinement and advances in data standardization and visualization,functional quantification,multiscale integration,and the discovery of generalizable principles.Together,these directions advance a more integrative and mechanistic understanding of complex biological processes.展开更多
The dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa(Oleaceae),also known as Forsythia,is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb known for its heat-clearing and detoxifying properties.It is used to disperse nodules,reduce swelling,rem...The dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa(Oleaceae),also known as Forsythia,is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb known for its heat-clearing and detoxifying properties.It is used to disperse nodules,reduce swelling,remove toxins,clear heat,and alleviate wind-heat syndromes.It also has hepatoprotective,anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antibacterial,anticancer,antioxidant,antiaging,and anti-obesity effects,as well as potential therapeutic effects on Alzheimer’s disease and diabetic nephropathy.It is used to treat scrofula,mastitis,wind-heat common cold,and other ailments.The review summarizes the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of F.suspensa,aiming to provide a scientific foundation for its future development,research,and clinical utilization.展开更多
Beam-tracking simulations have been extensively utilized in the study of collective beam instabilities in circular accelerators.Traditionally,many simulation codes have relied on central processing unit(CPU)-based met...Beam-tracking simulations have been extensively utilized in the study of collective beam instabilities in circular accelerators.Traditionally,many simulation codes have relied on central processing unit(CPU)-based methods,tracking on a single CPU core,or parallelizing the computation across multiple cores via the message passing interface(MPI).Although these approaches work well for single-bunch tracking,scaling them to multiple bunches significantly increases the computational load,which often necessitates the use of a dedicated multi-CPU cluster.To address this challenge,alternative methods leveraging General-Purpose computing on Graphics Processing Units(GPGPU)have been proposed,enabling tracking studies on a standalone desktop personal computer(PC).However,frequent CPU-GPU interactions,including data transfers and synchronization operations during tracking,can introduce communication overheads,potentially reducing the overall effectiveness of GPU-based computations.In this study,we propose a novel approach that eliminates this overhead by performing the entire tracking simulation process exclusively on the GPU,thereby enabling the simultaneous processing of all bunches and their macro-particles.Specifically,we introduce MBTRACK2-CUDA,a Compute Unified Device Architecture(CUDA)ported version of MBTRACK2,which facilitates efficient tracking of single-and multi-bunch collective effects by leveraging the full GPU-resident computation.展开更多
Preferential magnesium(Mg)electrodeposition on separators is a ubiquitous yet poorly understood phenomenon in rechargeable Mg-metal batteries,posing a fundamental challenge to their development.In this work,the synerg...Preferential magnesium(Mg)electrodeposition on separators is a ubiquitous yet poorly understood phenomenon in rechargeable Mg-metal batteries,posing a fundamental challenge to their development.In this work,the synergy effects of interface-accelerating desolvation and spatial confinement have been demonstrated as the essential causation of this counterintuitive experimental phenomenon.At the molecular level,the imide ring(-CO-NR-CO-,in which R represents the phenyl)groups in an artificially introduced polyimide(PI)interlayer facilitate the strong electrostatic affinity towards Mg^(2+),which accelerates the desolvation process for Mg^(2+)solvation structures at the inner Helmholtz plane.At the nucleation scale,the wedge-like concave geometry formed at the PI/current collector interface provides energetically favorable sites for Mg nucleation.This unique architecture reduces the critical nucleus size,thereby significantly lowering nucleation energy barriers.As a result,the satisfactory Coulombic efficiency for Mg plating/stripping(98.22%)and cycle lifespan(1200 cycles,above 100 days)have been achieved,outperforming most of the previous results.This work pioneers a molecular-level understanding of separator-directed Mg deposition and resolves a long-standing confusion in Mg-metal batteries.展开更多
Understanding Cd contamination in the soil-rice ecosystem and the underlying its threshold and interaction effects is crucial for controlling Cd pollution and ensuring food safety.Although the quantitative relationshi...Understanding Cd contamination in the soil-rice ecosystem and the underlying its threshold and interaction effects is crucial for controlling Cd pollution and ensuring food safety.Although the quantitative relationships between Cd and environmental variables have been extensively studied,the threshold and interaction effects of multi-source environmental variables remain largely unexplored.This study employs a combination of random forest analysis and a human health risk model to investigate the effects of variables on Cd levels in rice grains,with the goal of quantifying their contributions and elucidating their relationships.The results indicated that the 15 selected variables collectively explained 47.36%of the variation in Cd content,with the top three variables being soil pH,distance from industrial park,and soil Zn.The majority of variables exhibited threshold effects on Cd levels in rice grains.By visualizing the interaction between Soil pH,distance from industrial park,and soil Zn with Cd levels in rice,we demonstrate the threshold effects of them on Cd level in rice grains,thereby providing further insight into the variation observed.Furthermore,oral intake of rice has been identified as the primary route of human exposure,significantly contributing to overall exposure pathways.Understanding these interactions is crucial for gaining insights into the underlying processes driving Cd pollution and fostering sustainable development within the industry.Our findings underscore the crucial need to consider multiple environmental variables and their interactions when managing heavy metals(HMs)contamination and mitigating health risks.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To explore the objective biological evidence for the classification and diagnosis of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)syndromes in ankylosing spondylitis(AS)using multiomics analysis.METHODS:Patients with AS...OBJECTIVE:To explore the objective biological evidence for the classification and diagnosis of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)syndromes in ankylosing spondylitis(AS)using multiomics analysis.METHODS:Patients with AS were categorized into kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome(SX group)and damp-heat stasis syndrome(SR group).Transcriptomic sequencing and quantitative plasma proteomics were performed on patients with AS and healthy volunteers.Multiomics integration was used to characterize the biological basis of AS with renal deficiency and blood stasis syndrome.Specific proteins were validated by quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction(RT-q PCR)and enzymelinked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).RESULTS:Transcriptomic sequencing identified 31 significantly upregulated genes in patients with AS compared to healthy controls.These genes were primarily involved in tumor necrosis factor,interleukin-17,and nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathways,as well as osteoblast differentiation and various viral infection pathways.Differentially expressed genes,including intercellular adhesion molecule 1(ICAM1),6-phosphofructo-2-kinase,cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A,interleukin 1 receptor antagonist,integrin alpha IIb,and myosin light chain 9 were more upregulated in the SX group than in the SR group.Quantitative proteomics identified 723 differential proteins associated with the disease and 788 differential proteins between the SX and SR groups.Notable proteins such as myeloperoxidase,cluster of differentiation 14,macrophage simulating 1(MST1),and Ras homolog enriched in brain may serve as characteristic proteins of the SX group.By integrating transcriptomic and proteomic data,45 associated differential molecules involved in platelet activation,pathogenic intestinal flora infection,glycolysis/gluconeogenesis,and T-cell receptor signaling pathways were identified in patients with AS compared to healthy controls.Additionally,ICAM1,MST1,C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8(CXCL8),suppressor of cytokine signaling 3(SOCS3),and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1(IGFBP1)were detected in TCM syndromes by RT-q PCR and ELISA,showing upregulation in AS renal deficiency and blood stasis syndromes,which is consistent with the proteomic and transcriptomic results.CONCLUSIONS:ICAM1,MST1,CXCL8,SOCS3,and IGFBP1 were identified as biomarkers of renal deficiency and blood stasis syndrome in AS.This study provides a biological basis for the differential diagnosis of TCM syndromes in AS,offering new insights into Chinese medicine evidence and more precise Chinese medicine treatments for AS.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3203703)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52270013).
文摘Although activated carbon filters are thought to be the best way to remove per-and polyfluorinated alkyl substances(PFAS),it is yet unknown how biofilms affect PFAS removal.This study first examined how the removal of PFAS in full-scale drinking water treatment plants(DWTPs)was impacted by biofilm from biological activated carbon(BAC)of varying depths and carbon ages.PFAS desorption from BAC was visible,but at this point,BAC could still remove dissolved organic matter(DOM)efficiently.Studies have demonstrated that the use of activated carbon filters can dramatically lower the content of PFAS in water,with the amount of PFAS reducing as the filter’s depth grows and its use duration increases.Additionally,pore-clogging becomes more noticeable as the biofilm ages,which reduces BAC’s capacity to eliminate PFAS and hinders PFAS desorption.Furthermore,the adsorption process of PFAS may be impeded by the secretion of biofilms,which are composed of proteins and polysaccharides.Based on the analysis above,it can be the adsorption of PFAS by BAC is significantly inhibited by biofilms,according to another research.This provides theoretical direction for improving the removal effectiveness of PFAS in DWTPs.
基金funded by National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1207600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12175263,11875267,and 12075262).
文摘Nano ceria(nano-CeO_(2))has been widely applied in various fields of industry and daily life,however,knowledge regarding the biological effects of nano-CeO_(2)with different intrinsic physicochemical properties remains limited.In this study,we investigated the impact of nano-CeO_(2)with different properties on the growth of a typical environmental species(romaine lettuce,Lactuca sativa L.)by exposing the plant to four types of CeO_(2)(rod-like nano-CeO_(2)(RNC),cubic nano-CeO_(2)(CNC),spherical nano-CeO_(2)(SNC)and commercial irregular CeO_(2)(CIC))during the germination stage.The results indicated that different types of CeO_(2)exhibited varying inhibitory effects on plant growth.RNC and SNC significantly inhibited the elongation of roots and shoots,while CNC and CIC did not have a significant impact.We further examined the distribution and biotransformation of the four CeO_(2)in plant tissues using transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and synchrotron X-ray absorption near edge structure(XANES).Specifically,the positively charged RNC and SNC were more readily adsorbed onto the root surface,and needle-like nanoclusters were deposited in the intercellular space inside the roots.The absolute content of Ce(III)in the roots romaine lettuce was in the order of RNC>SNC>>CNC>>CIC.The size and shape(i.e.,exposed crystal surface)of the materials affected their reactivity and dissolution ratios,and zeta potentials affected their bioavailability,both of which influenced the overall contents of Ce^(3+)ions in plant tissues.Thus,these characteristics together led to different biological effects.These findings highlight the importance of considering the intrinsic properties of nano-CeO_(2)when assessing their environmental and biological effects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:82474195)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.:021093002882)+2 种基金the Youth Medical Innovation Research Project of China(Grant No.:P24021887623)Taizhou Science and Technology Support Project,China(Grant No.:TS202420)grants from Nanjing Medical University,China(Grant Nos.:TZKY20230104 and 2024KF0292).
文摘Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)is a ubiquitous respiratory virus that affects individuals of all ages;however,there is a notable lack of targeted treatments.RSV infection is associated with a range of respiratory symptoms,including bronchiolitis and pneumonia.Baicalin(BA)exhibits significant therapeutic effects against RSV infection through mechanisms of viral inhibition and anti-inflammatory action.Nonetheless,the clinical application of BA is constrained by its low solubility and bioavailability.In this study,we prepared BA nanodrugs(BA NDs)with enhanced water solubility utilizing the supramolecular self-assembled strategy,and we further conducted a comparative analysis of this pharmacological activity between free drugs and NDs of BA.Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that BA NDs significantly enhanced the dual effects of viral inhibition and inflammation relief compared to free BA,attributed to prolonged lung retention,improved cellular uptake,and increased targeting affinity.Our study confirms that the nanosizing strategy,a straightforward approach to enhance drug solubility,can also increase biological activity compared to free drugs with the same content,thereby providing a potential ND for RSV treatment.This correlation analysis between the existing forms of drugs and their biological activity offers a novel perspective for research on the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine.
基金supported by the funds of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2019YFA0904700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32471477)to Cheng Qi.
文摘Biological nitrogen fixation(BNF)and photosynthetic carbon fixation underpin food production and climate mitigation,yet natural systems are constrained by oxygen sensitivity,high energy demand,and inefficient catalysts.This review synthesizes advances that recast these processes as engineering targets and proposes a conceptual roadmap that bridges synthetic symbioses with the synthetic biology of enzymes and pathways.For BNF,progress spans cross-kingdom strategies—from refactoring nif gene sets and targeting nitrogenase assembly to eukaryotic organelles,to engineering plant-associated diazotrophs,rhizosphere control circuits,and emerging nodule-like microenvironments.For carbon assimilation,new-to-nature CO_(2)-fixation modules and photorespiratory bypasses illustrate how pathway redesign and alternative carboxylases can circumvent key Calvin–Benson–Bassham limitations,and expanding photosynthetic light capture offers additional leverage.Across these domains,we extract common design principles:(i)nitrogenase output is increasingly governed by carbon/energy supply and electron delivery as much as by oxygen protection;(ii)robust function requires compartment-aware enzyme–chassis coordination,substrate channeling,and dynamic regulation using sensors and control circuits;and(iii)scalable implementation may benefit from distributing metabolic labor across engineered consortia rather than forcing all functions into a single host.We discuss enabling technologies—including AI-guided protein design and directed evolution,cell-free prototyping,chassis toolkits,and materials/bioelectrochemical interfaces—that can accelerate design–build–test–learn cycles and reduce barriers to deployment.Together,these insights define a path toward integrated nitrogen and carbon fixation systems for low-emission agriculture and biomanufacturing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52270119).
文摘The inhibitory effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO NPs)and impacts of N-acylhomoserine lactone(AHL)-based quorum sensing(QS)on biological nitrogen removal(BNR)performance have beenwell-investigated.However,the effects of ammonia nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N)concentrations on NP toxicity and AHL regulation have seldom been addressed yet.This study consulted on the impacts of ZnO NPs on BNR systems when high NH_(4)^(+)-N concentrationwas available.The synergistic toxic effects of high-strength NH_(4)^(+)-N(200 mg/L)and ZnO NPs resulted in decreased ammonia oxidation rates and dropped the nitrogen removal efficiencies by 17.5%±0.2%.The increased extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)production was observed in response to the high NH_(4)^(+)-N and ZnO NP stress,which indicated the defensemechanism against the toxic effects in the BNR systemswas stimulated.Furthermore,the regulatory effects of exogenous N-decanoyl-homoserine lactone(C_(10)-HSL)-mediated QS system on NP-stressed BNR systems were revealed to improve the BNR performance under different NH_(4)^(+)-N concentrations.The C_(10)-HSL regulated the intracellular reactive oxygen species levels,denitrification functional enzyme activities,and antioxidant enzyme activities,respectively.This probably synergistically enhanced the defense mechanism against NP toxicity.However,compared to the low NH_(4)^(+)-N concentration of 60 mg/L,the efficacy of C_(10)-HSL was inhibited at high NH_(4)^(+)-N levels of 200 mg/L.The findings provided the significant application potential of QS system for BNR when facing toxic compound shock threats.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,China(24JRRA733,23JRRA589)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42377470,42207539)the Light of Western Light Program of Talent Cultivation of Chinese Academy of Sciences(22JR9KA028).
文摘Biological soil crusts(BSCs)play crucial roles in improving soil fertility and promoting plants settlement and reproduction in arid areas.However,the specific effects of BSCs on growth status and nutrient accumulation of plants are still unclear in different arid areas.This study analyzed the effects of three different BSCs treatments(without crust(WC),intact crust(IC),and broken crust(BC))on the growth,inorganic nutrient absorption,and organic solute synthesis of three typical desert plants(Grubovia dasyphylla(Fisch.&C.A.Mey.)Freitag&G.Kadereit,Nitraria tangutorum Bobrov,and Caragana koraiensis Kom.)in the Minqin desert-oasis ecotone of Northwest China.Results showed that the effects of three BSCs treatments on seed emergence and survival of three plants varied with seed types.The IC treatment significantly hindered the emergence and survival of seeds,while the BC treatment was more conducive to seed emergence and survival of plants.BSCs significantly promoted the growth of three plants,but their effects on plant growth varied at different stages of the growth.Briefly,the growth of G.dasyphylla was affected by BSCs in early stage,but the effects on the growth of G.dasyphylla significantly weakened in the middle and late stages.However,the growth of N.tangutorum and C.koraiensis only showed differences at the middle and late stages,with a significant enhancement in growth.Analysis of variance showed that BSCs,plant species,growth period,and their interactions had significant effects on the biomass and root:shoot ratio of three plants.BSC significantly affected the nutrients absorption and organic solute synthesis in plants.Specifically,BSCs significantly promoted nitrogen(N)absorption in plants and increased plant adaptability in N poor desert ecosystems,but had no significant effects on phosphorus(P)absorption.The effects of BSCs on inorganic nutrient absorption and organic solute synthesis in plants varied significantly among different plant species.The results suggest that BSCs have significant effects on the growth and nutrient accumulation of desert plants,which will provide theoretical basis for exploring the effects of BSCs on desert plant diversity,biodiversity conservation,and ecosystem management measures in arid and semi-arid areas.
基金support from the Indian Council of Agricultural Research through the All India Network Project(AINP)on Soil Biodiversity and Biofertilizers to conduct this study is acknowledged。
文摘Rice cropping method is primarily decided by soil moisture regime.System of rice intensification(SRI)and direct-seeded aerobic rice are two primary modifications of traditional wetland rice.Understanding rice rhizosphere microbiome and functioning as influenced by these cropping methods is essential for sustaining rice productivity.The objective of this study was to assess the impact of three different rice cropping methods(wetland rice,SRI,and aerobic rice)on the biochemical properties and bacterial communities within the rice rhizosphere across three key rice growth stages:tillering,flowering,and maturity.Soil organic carbon(SOC),microbial biomass carbon(MBC),dehydrogenase activity,substrate-induced respiration(SIR),and metabolic quotient(MQ)were assessed along with high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing of rice rhizosphere soils.The rice rhizosphere soil registered the highest SOC,MBC,and dehydrogenase activity in SRI followed by wetland rice and then aerobic rice.Cropping method had a minimal impact on SIR and MQ.Along with cropping method,growth stage also significantly altered these biological attributes of rice rhizosphere.The trends of the highest SOC content and dehydrogenase activity at the flowering stage and the highest MBC content and SIR at the tillering stage of rice were observed in all three rice cropping methods.The analysis of bacterial communities,based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing,revealed that both cropping method and growth stage significantly impacted the composition of rhizosphere microbiomes.However,the influence of cropping method was less pronounced compared to growth stage.Cropping method caused notable shifts in the abundances of Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,and Chloroflexi,while growth stage affected the abundances of Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Cyanobacteria,Firmicutes,Chloroflexi,and Bacteroidetes.Based on these results,the SRI method led to higher diversification to the rhizosphere bacteriobiota,as well as greater incorporation of carbon into the soil and increased dehydrogenase activity compared to wetland rice and aerobic rice.This study deepens our understanding of how different cropping methods influence plant-microbe interaction and the implications for overall rice productivity and soil health.
基金support from the Shenzhen Science and Technology program(grant number 202208183000115)。
文摘Biological aging is a complex physiological process characterized by a decline in tissue function and the loss of cellular capabilities,which increase an individual's risk of various diseases[1].While genetic factors and lifestyle are key influences on biological aging,environmental factors also play a significant role.Given the rapid aging of the global population,elucidating the factors that influence biological aging is crucial for promoting healthy aging.
基金NR SEQUOIA(ANR-22-CE18-0006)Nan0Gold(ANR-22-CE29-0022)+3 种基金SAMURAI(ANR-24-CE19-2073-01)Wilive(ANR-24-CE09-2351-03)EUR CBH-EUR-GS(ANR-17-EURE 0003)for their financial supportthe French National Research Agency(Labex ARCANE,ANR-11-LABX-003 and CBH-EUR-GS,ANR-17-EURE-0003)that supported part of this study.
文摘Gold nanoclusters(AuNCs)are ultrasmall(<2 nm)aggregates of gold atoms that exhibit discrete electronic states,size-dependent photoluminescence,and exceptional biocompatibility,making them ideal candidates for theranostic applications.Their tunable surface chemistry enables targeted delivery,while strong near-infrared emission and environmental responsiveness allow for sensitive detection and deep-tissue imaging.Recent advances have revealed that controlled assembly of AuNCs into higher-order architectures-guided by biological scaffolds such as nucleic acids,peptides,and proteins-can markedly enhance their optical and electronic properties through aggregation-induced emission(AiE)and stabilization of surface ligands.This review summarizes recent progress in the design and biomedical applications of AuNC assemblies generated using biomolecules as structure-directing scaffolds.Covalent and noncovalent interactions with biomolecules enable the formation of well-defined one-,two-,and three-dimensional structures with tunable morphologies and sizes.These assemblies display distinctive photophysical behaviors that have been exploited for biosensing,bioimaging,and therapeutic applications in both cellular and in vivo models.Compared with individual AuNCs,assembled systems offer improved uptake,prolonged circulation,and efficient clearance,while protecting labile cargos such as nucleic acids and proteins.Moreover,their ordered and defined architectures can be engineered for controlled drug release and synergistic photo-or radiotherapeutic effects.Despite these advances,fundamental understanding of how structural organization governs photophysical responses remains limited.Elucidating parameters such as intercluster spacing and loading density will be essential for optimizing performance.Overall,biologically guided AuNC assemblies represent a powerful platform for multifunctional biosensing and therapy,bridging nanoscale design with biological function.
文摘Panax notoginseng(P.notoginseng),a valuable traditional Chinese medicine,is the dried root of plants in Acanthopanax gracilistylus family,with the effect of dispersing blood stasis,eliminating swelling and relieving pain.With the development of modern medicine,the active ingredients and mechanisms of P.notoginseng have been gradually revealed.The present paper systematically reviews the chemical composition and biological activities of P.nologinseng,to provide a scientific basis and reference for detailed research on P.nologinseng.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China“Research on the Multi-scale Regional Industrial Spatial Evolution Mechanism,Resource and Environmental Effects,and Green Transformation in the Yellow River Basin”[Grant No.42371194]Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province[Grant Nos.tsqn202408148 and tstp20240821].
文摘Agglomeration supports the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry,and its associated resource and environmental effects play a crucial role in driving green economic development.Based on data from prefecture-level cities in China from 2005 to 2019,this study employs the inverse distance weighting method,the bivariate local indicator of spatial association model,the spatial Durbin model,and other techniques to explore the relationship between manufacturing agglomeration and PM_(2.5)concentrations,and to assess the impact of its manufacturing agglomeration.Four correlation patterns are observed:high-high,low-low,high-low,and low-high.Among these,high-high and low-low patterns dominate in terms of number of cities.These correlation patterns demonstrate strong temporal stability,with a clear“Matthew effect”.The effect of manufacturing agglomeration on PM_(2.5)levels is significantly negative and helps reduce concentrations regionally,indicating the need to further enhance agglomeration levels regionally.However,it can increase PM_(2.5)levels in neighboring areas due to a siphon effect,and the impact of varies across regions.Compared with levels in 2005-2013,the significance of the relationship between manufacturing agglomeration and PM_(2.5)weakened in the 2013-2019 period.Accordingly,this study proposes countermeasures and policy recommendations aimed at strengthening regional collaborative governance and inspiring differentiated agglomeration strategies to support sustainable economic development in China.
基金funded by the Open Project Funding of Key Laboratory of Intelligent Health Perception and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes,Ministry of Education,Hubei University of Technology(HGKFYBP03)the Open Foundation of Resource-exhausted City Transformation and Development Research Center(Hubei Normal University)(KF2024Y07)the College Students'Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Plan Program(S202410513099,202410513009).
文摘Biological invasion is a pressing environmental and ecological challenge worldwide.Cabomba caroliniana(C.caroliniana),a submerged macrophyte native to South America,is listed as a high-priority invasive species in several countries.It is critical to understand how water temperature influences its invasiveness for effective management.However,research on the effects of water temperature on C.caroliniana the growth is limited.This study used controlled experiments to examine how water temperature(5-30℃)affects the morphological,physiological,photosynthetic,and stoichiometric traits of C.caroliniana.The results showed that broad water temperature tolerance of C.caroliniana significantly impacts its reproductive capacity and invasive potential.At 5-10℃,cold stress induced carotenoid synthesis and total organic carbon accumulation,enabling adaptation to low temperatures.However,C.caroliniana grew slowly,as its root development was limited,and its invasiveness remained low.At 20-30℃,increased chlorophyll synthesis and enhanced resource-use efficiency supported rapid growth,including more branches,leading to high invasion and dispersal potential.Thus,C.caroliniana exhibited strong colonization and spread quickly in tropical and subtropical waters(>20℃).In temperate zones,populations can be established during summer(20-25℃)and survive winter hrough cold adaptation.We recommended prioritizing control measures during warm seasons(20-30℃)to disrupt propagule dispersal,alongside early monitoring in temperate waters to inhibit ecological invasion.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52278121).
文摘The cold chain environment is an important route for the long⁃distance transmission of pathogenic micro⁃organisms.In this study,we explored the mechanisms of secondary propagation through surface contact on cold surfaces.A quantitative statistical experimental method was adopted to study the surface⁃contact transmission of micro⁃organisms,wherein the transfer rate of surface contact was the dependent variable and Escherichia coli was used as the indicator bacterium.The effects of contact pressure(0.44,0.86,1.55,2.25,and 2.94 N/cm^(2)),contact time(0,15,30,45,and 60 s),contact angle(15°and 25°),and surface materials(rubber and cotton gloves)were measured at two storage temperatures:cold storage(5℃)and freezing(-18℃).The results showed that as temperature decreases,the transfer of micro⁃organisms through surface contact becomes less probable.The contact time did not significantly influence the transfer rate of micro⁃organisms when items were handled at cold⁃storage temperatures.Based on these results,we recommend placing items as flat as possible to minimize the tilt angle when handling them at cold⁃storage temperatures.Additionally,if the tilt angle cannot be avoided,rubber gloves should be used when handling items stored at large tilt angles,whereas cotton gloves may be used for items placed at smaller angles.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301962 and 31901127)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M752947)+2 种基金the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(GZC20232437)the State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization Open Fund,China(CB2023C02)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province,China(252300420222)。
文摘Legume-based intercropping enhances asymbiotic biological nitrogen fixation(BNF);however,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear,including the roles of soil keystone diazotroph taxa with varying niche breadths.A field experiment was conducted to evaluate soil BNF variations between rhizosphere and bulk soils in peanut/cotton intercropping systems and monocultures.BNF activities were measured by nitrogen fixation rates,nitrogenase activity,and nifH gene abundance.Phylogenetic null models,co-occurrence networks,and niche breadth analysis were applied to investigate the roles of diazotrophic keystone taxa and their ecological niches.Rhizosphere soils exhibited 7.8–125.5%higher BNF potentials than bulk soils,whereas intercropping systems showed 11.6–323.0%increases over monocultures for nitrogen fixation rate,nitrogenase activity,and nifH gene abundance(all P<0.05).Diazotrophic community composition and diversity differed significantly,with Proteobacteria(excluding Alphaproteobacteria)enriched in intercropping and rhizosphere soils,while Cyanobacteria and Firmicutes were less abundant.Deterministic processes,particularly heterogeneous selection,dominated community assembly in the rhizosphere(91.9%)and intercropping soils(86.3%).The co-occurrence networks consistently revealed more complex and interconnected communities in intercropping and rhizosphere soils that were dominated by opportunistic diazotrophs(78.8–85.9%),followed by specialists(10.2–18.5%)and generalists(1.38–3.80%).Keystone taxa,including opportunists such as Azoarcus,Azohydromonas,and Steroidobacter,and generalists like Pseudomonas and Azotobacter,correlated positively with microbial biomass carbon and nitrate nitrogen,contributing to enhanced BNF.Peanut/cotton intercropping enhances BNF by selectively enriching the keystone diazotrophic taxa with varying ecological roles,particularly opportunists and generalists.Such targeted intercropping strategies can optimize BNF,improve soil fertility,and promote sustainable agricultural production.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1303000 and 2021YFA0805800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32325032)the Chinese Academy of Sciences Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-073).
文摘Live imaging enables direct observation of dynamic biological processes,capturing their progression from molecular to organismal scales in space and time.Through high-resolution observation,it provides a powerful means to decode biological complexity by revealing dynamic behaviors,spatial patterns,and regulatory changes.This review illustrates the application of live imaging in investigating complex biological processes with spatiotemporal resolution and mechanistic insight.We first highlight the analytical power and integrative strategies of live imaging,and then summarize recent advances that further extend its capacities.We then focus on four complex processes―cell proliferation,lineage regulation,morphogenesis,and atlas construction―to elucidate how live imaging contributes to their decoding through representative studies.We also discuss the conceptual and practical limitations that currently constrain the full interpretive potential of live imaging,underscoring the need for deeper integration between observation,perturbation,and modeling.Looking ahead,live imaging will benefit from both technical refinement and advances in data standardization and visualization,functional quantification,multiscale integration,and the discovery of generalizable principles.Together,these directions advance a more integrative and mechanistic understanding of complex biological processes.
文摘The dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa(Oleaceae),also known as Forsythia,is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb known for its heat-clearing and detoxifying properties.It is used to disperse nodules,reduce swelling,remove toxins,clear heat,and alleviate wind-heat syndromes.It also has hepatoprotective,anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antibacterial,anticancer,antioxidant,antiaging,and anti-obesity effects,as well as potential therapeutic effects on Alzheimer’s disease and diabetic nephropathy.It is used to treat scrofula,mastitis,wind-heat common cold,and other ailments.The review summarizes the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of F.suspensa,aiming to provide a scientific foundation for its future development,research,and clinical utilization.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)(No.RS-2022-00143178)the Ministry of Education(MOE)(Nos.2022R1A6A3A13053896 and 2022R1F1A1074616),Republic of Korea.
文摘Beam-tracking simulations have been extensively utilized in the study of collective beam instabilities in circular accelerators.Traditionally,many simulation codes have relied on central processing unit(CPU)-based methods,tracking on a single CPU core,or parallelizing the computation across multiple cores via the message passing interface(MPI).Although these approaches work well for single-bunch tracking,scaling them to multiple bunches significantly increases the computational load,which often necessitates the use of a dedicated multi-CPU cluster.To address this challenge,alternative methods leveraging General-Purpose computing on Graphics Processing Units(GPGPU)have been proposed,enabling tracking studies on a standalone desktop personal computer(PC).However,frequent CPU-GPU interactions,including data transfers and synchronization operations during tracking,can introduce communication overheads,potentially reducing the overall effectiveness of GPU-based computations.In this study,we propose a novel approach that eliminates this overhead by performing the entire tracking simulation process exclusively on the GPU,thereby enabling the simultaneous processing of all bunches and their macro-particles.Specifically,we introduce MBTRACK2-CUDA,a Compute Unified Device Architecture(CUDA)ported version of MBTRACK2,which facilitates efficient tracking of single-and multi-bunch collective effects by leveraging the full GPU-resident computation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279068,52374306)the Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province(tsqn202408202)the Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory Open Project(QNESL OP202312)。
文摘Preferential magnesium(Mg)electrodeposition on separators is a ubiquitous yet poorly understood phenomenon in rechargeable Mg-metal batteries,posing a fundamental challenge to their development.In this work,the synergy effects of interface-accelerating desolvation and spatial confinement have been demonstrated as the essential causation of this counterintuitive experimental phenomenon.At the molecular level,the imide ring(-CO-NR-CO-,in which R represents the phenyl)groups in an artificially introduced polyimide(PI)interlayer facilitate the strong electrostatic affinity towards Mg^(2+),which accelerates the desolvation process for Mg^(2+)solvation structures at the inner Helmholtz plane.At the nucleation scale,the wedge-like concave geometry formed at the PI/current collector interface provides energetically favorable sites for Mg nucleation.This unique architecture reduces the critical nucleus size,thereby significantly lowering nucleation energy barriers.As a result,the satisfactory Coulombic efficiency for Mg plating/stripping(98.22%)and cycle lifespan(1200 cycles,above 100 days)have been achieved,outperforming most of the previous results.This work pioneers a molecular-level understanding of separator-directed Mg deposition and resolves a long-standing confusion in Mg-metal batteries.
基金supported by the GDAS’Project of Science and Technology Development(No.2022GDASZH-2022010104-2)Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(No.2023B0303000006).
文摘Understanding Cd contamination in the soil-rice ecosystem and the underlying its threshold and interaction effects is crucial for controlling Cd pollution and ensuring food safety.Although the quantitative relationships between Cd and environmental variables have been extensively studied,the threshold and interaction effects of multi-source environmental variables remain largely unexplored.This study employs a combination of random forest analysis and a human health risk model to investigate the effects of variables on Cd levels in rice grains,with the goal of quantifying their contributions and elucidating their relationships.The results indicated that the 15 selected variables collectively explained 47.36%of the variation in Cd content,with the top three variables being soil pH,distance from industrial park,and soil Zn.The majority of variables exhibited threshold effects on Cd levels in rice grains.By visualizing the interaction between Soil pH,distance from industrial park,and soil Zn with Cd levels in rice,we demonstrate the threshold effects of them on Cd level in rice grains,thereby providing further insight into the variation observed.Furthermore,oral intake of rice has been identified as the primary route of human exposure,significantly contributing to overall exposure pathways.Understanding these interactions is crucial for gaining insights into the underlying processes driving Cd pollution and fostering sustainable development within the industry.Our findings underscore the crucial need to consider multiple environmental variables and their interactions when managing heavy metals(HMs)contamination and mitigating health risks.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China:to Explore the Molecular Mechanism of Treating Ankylosing Spondylitis by Invigorating Kidney and Activating Blood from the Regulation of T helper 17 Cells Differentiation and Migration by Histone Histone H3 Lysine 27 Trimethylation(No.81873292)Science and Technology Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences:Evaluation of Curative Effect and Molecular Mechanism of Shenqiangji Decoction in the Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Standard Control and Intervention in the Imaging Progress of Spinal Spondylitis(No.CI2021A01506)High Level Chinese Medical Hospital Promotion Project:Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation for Treating Ankylosing Spondylitis with Danxian Bushen Qiangji Granules(No.HLCMHPP2023049)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To explore the objective biological evidence for the classification and diagnosis of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)syndromes in ankylosing spondylitis(AS)using multiomics analysis.METHODS:Patients with AS were categorized into kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome(SX group)and damp-heat stasis syndrome(SR group).Transcriptomic sequencing and quantitative plasma proteomics were performed on patients with AS and healthy volunteers.Multiomics integration was used to characterize the biological basis of AS with renal deficiency and blood stasis syndrome.Specific proteins were validated by quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction(RT-q PCR)and enzymelinked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).RESULTS:Transcriptomic sequencing identified 31 significantly upregulated genes in patients with AS compared to healthy controls.These genes were primarily involved in tumor necrosis factor,interleukin-17,and nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathways,as well as osteoblast differentiation and various viral infection pathways.Differentially expressed genes,including intercellular adhesion molecule 1(ICAM1),6-phosphofructo-2-kinase,cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A,interleukin 1 receptor antagonist,integrin alpha IIb,and myosin light chain 9 were more upregulated in the SX group than in the SR group.Quantitative proteomics identified 723 differential proteins associated with the disease and 788 differential proteins between the SX and SR groups.Notable proteins such as myeloperoxidase,cluster of differentiation 14,macrophage simulating 1(MST1),and Ras homolog enriched in brain may serve as characteristic proteins of the SX group.By integrating transcriptomic and proteomic data,45 associated differential molecules involved in platelet activation,pathogenic intestinal flora infection,glycolysis/gluconeogenesis,and T-cell receptor signaling pathways were identified in patients with AS compared to healthy controls.Additionally,ICAM1,MST1,C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8(CXCL8),suppressor of cytokine signaling 3(SOCS3),and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1(IGFBP1)were detected in TCM syndromes by RT-q PCR and ELISA,showing upregulation in AS renal deficiency and blood stasis syndromes,which is consistent with the proteomic and transcriptomic results.CONCLUSIONS:ICAM1,MST1,CXCL8,SOCS3,and IGFBP1 were identified as biomarkers of renal deficiency and blood stasis syndrome in AS.This study provides a biological basis for the differential diagnosis of TCM syndromes in AS,offering new insights into Chinese medicine evidence and more precise Chinese medicine treatments for AS.
