To expand the evidence base to inform future public policy aimed at accident prevention, we investigated the impact of different categories of injury on average life expectancy in China. We used data from the National...To expand the evidence base to inform future public policy aimed at accident prevention, we investigated the impact of different categories of injury on average life expectancy in China. We used data from the National Death Cause Registration Information System and National Maternity and Children Health Surveillance databases, as well as 2010 population data from the National Bureau of Statistics. We then calculated the average life expectancy of the Chinese population, in addition to life expectancy after eliminating injury-related mortality. The average life expectancy of the Chinese population in 2010 was 74.93 years. After eliminating deaths due to injuries, the fourth leading cause of mortality in China, average life expectancy increased by 1.36 years. When this was broken down by population sub-groups, these gains were 1.76 and 0.79 years in men and women, 0.94 and 1.56 years in urban and rural residents, and 1.11, 1.30, and 1.67 years for residents in the Eastern, Central and Western regions respectively. After eliminating all categories of injury, the average life expectancy of the Chinese population was found to increase by 1.36 years. This figure was higher for males and residents of rural areas and Western China.展开更多
At present, there are significant regional differences in average life expectancy among countries in the world. Not only is there a great disparity in average life expectancy, but also the gender difference is positiv...At present, there are significant regional differences in average life expectancy among countries in the world. Not only is there a great disparity in average life expectancy, but also the gender difference is positive and negative, and is distributed in a bipolar distribution of “long life in rich countries and short life in poor countries”. This paper analyzes the factors affecting the life grade by using the ordered multivariate discrete selection model and combined with the average life expectancy data of countries all over the world in 2017. The test results show that: 1) The growth of per capita GDP, elderly dependency ratio and the proportion of people using at least basic drinking water services can effectively improve the level of life expectancy;2) The birth rate has an inhibitory effect on the average life expectancy;3) Through model comparison, probit model is more suitable for the analysis of this kind of problems than logit model, and the properties of the obtained model are better.展开更多
This paper provided an overview of literature on life expectancy of Chinese popu-lation,elaborated the characteristics of the significant increase in the average life expectancy(ALE)of Chinese population over the past...This paper provided an overview of literature on life expectancy of Chinese popu-lation,elaborated the characteristics of the significant increase in the average life expectancy(ALE)of Chinese population over the past 70 years since the founding of PRC,analyzed the major factors contributing to the improvement in the ALE,and highlight the needs to put greater emphasize to increase average healthy life expectancy(AHLE),to narrow the regional differences in AHLE,to advocate and promote healthy lifestyles,and to prevent and control pollution persistently and effectively.展开更多
Constant-step stress accelerated life test of Vacuum Fluorescent Display (VFD) was conducted with increased cathode temperature. Statistical analysis was done by applying Weibull distribution for describing the life, ...Constant-step stress accelerated life test of Vacuum Fluorescent Display (VFD) was conducted with increased cathode temperature. Statistical analysis was done by applying Weibull distribution for describing the life, and Least Square Method (LSM)for estimating Weibull parameters. Self-designed special software was used to predict the VFD life. Numerical results showed that the average life of VFD is over 30000 h, that the VFD life follows Weibull distribution, and that the life-stress relationship satisfies linear Arrhenius equation completely. Accurate calculation of the key parameter enabled rapid estimation of VFD life.展开更多
Social stock for metal determines secondary or recoverable resources to a certain extent.Top-down analysis method for the studying of metal in social stock was given.Influences of metal consumption under three circums...Social stock for metal determines secondary or recoverable resources to a certain extent.Top-down analysis method for the studying of metal in social stock was given.Influences of metal consumption under three circumstances,that is keeping constant,varying in a linear trend and in an exponential trend,on one kind of metal’s social stock,recyclable ratio and average age were analyzed.Al-contents and Cu-contents in social stock for China during the period 2006-2009 were calculated.The results reveal that Al-contents and Cu-contents in social stock kept increasing and reached 88.9 million tons and 51.4 millions tons in 2009,respectively,their average recyclable ratios are 1.45% and 0.30%,and the average ages are 4.65 years and 6.89 years,respectively.The recyclable ratios and average ages of Al-contents and Cu-contents in social stock will rise in future along with the decline of the increasing rate of aluminum consumption and copper consumption.展开更多
Anthropogenic aluminum cycle in China was analyzed by the aluminum flow diagram based on the life cycle of aluminum products. The whole anthropogenic aluminum cycle consists of four stages： alumina and aluminum produ...Anthropogenic aluminum cycle in China was analyzed by the aluminum flow diagram based on the life cycle of aluminum products. The whole anthropogenic aluminum cycle consists of four stages： alumina and aluminum production, fabrication and manufacture, use and reclamation. Based on the investigation on the 2003-2007 aluminum cycles in China, a number of changes can be found. For instance, resources self-support ratio （RSR） in alumina production dropped from 95.42%to 55.50%, while RSR in the aluminum production increased from 52.45%to 79.25%. However, RSR in the Chinese aluminum industry leveled off at 50%in the period of 2003-2007. The respective use ratios of domestic and imported aluminum scrap in the aluminum industry of 2007 were 5.38% and 9.40%. In contrast, both the net imported Al-containing resources and the lost quantity of Al-containing materials in aluminum cycle increased during the same period, as well as the net increased quantity of Al-containing materials in social stock and recycled Al-scrap. Proposals for promoting aluminum cycle were put forward. The import/export policy and reducing the loss of Al-containing materials for the aluminum industry in China in the future were discussed.展开更多
AIM: To determine the extent of colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality and the association between demographic characteristics and CRC mortality in Inner Mongolia.
The vehicle survival pattern describes the process that the survival ratio of vehicles decreases with the growth of vehicle age. Vehicle average life span and vehicle scrappage intensity are the key features of vehicl...The vehicle survival pattern describes the process that the survival ratio of vehicles decreases with the growth of vehicle age. Vehicle average life span and vehicle scrappage intensity are the key features of vehicle survival patterns and are important for the projection of China's vehicle scrappage and ownership. In this study, we modeled the vehicle survival patterns of nine classifications of vehicles in China by employing the Weibull distribution, and obtained the vehicle survival ratio functions. It is estimated that the average life spans of private passenger vehicles, government and business vehicles, non-operating buses, heavy duty, medium duty and light duty trucks are 14.5, 13.1, 11.5, 12.8, 10.1, and 8 years, respectively. The scrappage intensities of these vehicles are similar. Average life spans of taxis, transit buses and non-transit operating buses are 5, 9, and 5.5 years with the pattern of mandatory scrappage. Vehicle scrappages in China are mainly regulated by the upper limits of vehicle distances traveled specified by the compulsory scrappage standards.展开更多
基金supported by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia,USAThinkTank Research Center for Health Development, Beijing, China
文摘To expand the evidence base to inform future public policy aimed at accident prevention, we investigated the impact of different categories of injury on average life expectancy in China. We used data from the National Death Cause Registration Information System and National Maternity and Children Health Surveillance databases, as well as 2010 population data from the National Bureau of Statistics. We then calculated the average life expectancy of the Chinese population, in addition to life expectancy after eliminating injury-related mortality. The average life expectancy of the Chinese population in 2010 was 74.93 years. After eliminating deaths due to injuries, the fourth leading cause of mortality in China, average life expectancy increased by 1.36 years. When this was broken down by population sub-groups, these gains were 1.76 and 0.79 years in men and women, 0.94 and 1.56 years in urban and rural residents, and 1.11, 1.30, and 1.67 years for residents in the Eastern, Central and Western regions respectively. After eliminating all categories of injury, the average life expectancy of the Chinese population was found to increase by 1.36 years. This figure was higher for males and residents of rural areas and Western China.
文摘At present, there are significant regional differences in average life expectancy among countries in the world. Not only is there a great disparity in average life expectancy, but also the gender difference is positive and negative, and is distributed in a bipolar distribution of “long life in rich countries and short life in poor countries”. This paper analyzes the factors affecting the life grade by using the ordered multivariate discrete selection model and combined with the average life expectancy data of countries all over the world in 2017. The test results show that: 1) The growth of per capita GDP, elderly dependency ratio and the proportion of people using at least basic drinking water services can effectively improve the level of life expectancy;2) The birth rate has an inhibitory effect on the average life expectancy;3) Through model comparison, probit model is more suitable for the analysis of this kind of problems than logit model, and the properties of the obtained model are better.
文摘This paper provided an overview of literature on life expectancy of Chinese popu-lation,elaborated the characteristics of the significant increase in the average life expectancy(ALE)of Chinese population over the past 70 years since the founding of PRC,analyzed the major factors contributing to the improvement in the ALE,and highlight the needs to put greater emphasize to increase average healthy life expectancy(AHLE),to narrow the regional differences in AHLE,to advocate and promote healthy lifestyles,and to prevent and control pollution persistently and effectively.
基金Project supported by the Postdoctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China, and the Special Fund of Cooperation between Shaoxing City and Zhejiang University of China
文摘Constant-step stress accelerated life test of Vacuum Fluorescent Display (VFD) was conducted with increased cathode temperature. Statistical analysis was done by applying Weibull distribution for describing the life, and Least Square Method (LSM)for estimating Weibull parameters. Self-designed special software was used to predict the VFD life. Numerical results showed that the average life of VFD is over 30000 h, that the VFD life follows Weibull distribution, and that the life-stress relationship satisfies linear Arrhenius equation completely. Accurate calculation of the key parameter enabled rapid estimation of VFD life.
基金Project (71003018) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (N110402003) supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘Social stock for metal determines secondary or recoverable resources to a certain extent.Top-down analysis method for the studying of metal in social stock was given.Influences of metal consumption under three circumstances,that is keeping constant,varying in a linear trend and in an exponential trend,on one kind of metal’s social stock,recyclable ratio and average age were analyzed.Al-contents and Cu-contents in social stock for China during the period 2006-2009 were calculated.The results reveal that Al-contents and Cu-contents in social stock kept increasing and reached 88.9 million tons and 51.4 millions tons in 2009,respectively,their average recyclable ratios are 1.45% and 0.30%,and the average ages are 4.65 years and 6.89 years,respectively.The recyclable ratios and average ages of Al-contents and Cu-contents in social stock will rise in future along with the decline of the increasing rate of aluminum consumption and copper consumption.
基金Projects (71003018,71373003) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects (N110402003,N120302004) supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,ChinaProject (13YJCZH172) supported by the Ministry of Education of China of Humanities and Social Sciences
文摘Anthropogenic aluminum cycle in China was analyzed by the aluminum flow diagram based on the life cycle of aluminum products. The whole anthropogenic aluminum cycle consists of four stages： alumina and aluminum production, fabrication and manufacture, use and reclamation. Based on the investigation on the 2003-2007 aluminum cycles in China, a number of changes can be found. For instance, resources self-support ratio （RSR） in alumina production dropped from 95.42%to 55.50%, while RSR in the aluminum production increased from 52.45%to 79.25%. However, RSR in the Chinese aluminum industry leveled off at 50%in the period of 2003-2007. The respective use ratios of domestic and imported aluminum scrap in the aluminum industry of 2007 were 5.38% and 9.40%. In contrast, both the net imported Al-containing resources and the lost quantity of Al-containing materials in aluminum cycle increased during the same period, as well as the net increased quantity of Al-containing materials in social stock and recycled Al-scrap. Proposals for promoting aluminum cycle were put forward. The import/export policy and reducing the loss of Al-containing materials for the aluminum industry in China in the future were discussed.
基金Supported by Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Colleges and Universities of Science and Technology Research Projects,No.NJZY13415Inner Mongolia Medical University Technology Million Project,No.NY2011BW006Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia in China,No.2013MS1124
文摘AIM: To determine the extent of colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality and the association between demographic characteristics and CRC mortality in Inner Mongolia.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China ("863" Project) (Grant No. 2008AA11A157)
文摘The vehicle survival pattern describes the process that the survival ratio of vehicles decreases with the growth of vehicle age. Vehicle average life span and vehicle scrappage intensity are the key features of vehicle survival patterns and are important for the projection of China's vehicle scrappage and ownership. In this study, we modeled the vehicle survival patterns of nine classifications of vehicles in China by employing the Weibull distribution, and obtained the vehicle survival ratio functions. It is estimated that the average life spans of private passenger vehicles, government and business vehicles, non-operating buses, heavy duty, medium duty and light duty trucks are 14.5, 13.1, 11.5, 12.8, 10.1, and 8 years, respectively. The scrappage intensities of these vehicles are similar. Average life spans of taxis, transit buses and non-transit operating buses are 5, 9, and 5.5 years with the pattern of mandatory scrappage. Vehicle scrappages in China are mainly regulated by the upper limits of vehicle distances traveled specified by the compulsory scrappage standards.
