Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and non-recombining Y chromosome (NRY) are inherited uni-parentally from mother to daughter or from father to son respectively. Their polymorphism has initially been studied throughout popula...Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and non-recombining Y chromosome (NRY) are inherited uni-parentally from mother to daughter or from father to son respectively. Their polymorphism has initially been studied throughout populations of the world to demonstrate the "Out of Africa" hypothesis. Here, to correlate the distribution of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in different populations of insular Asia, we analyze the mtDNA information (lineages) obtained from genotyping of the hyper variable region (HVS I & II) among 1400 individuals from island Southeast Asia (ISEA), Taiwan and Fujian and supplemented with the analysis of relevant coding region polymorphisms. Lineages that best represented a clade (a branch of the genetic tree) in the phylogeny were further analyzed using complete genomic mtDNA sequencing. Finally, these complete mtDNA sequences were used to construct a most parsimonious tree which now constitutes the most up-to-date mtDNA dataset available on ISEA and Taiwan. This analysis has exposed new insights of the evolutionary history of insular Asia and has strong implications in assessing possible correlations with linguistic, archaeology, demography and the NPC distribution in populations within these regions. To obtain a more objective and balanced genetic point of view, slowly evolving biallelic Y single nucleotide polymorphism (Y-SNP) was also analyzed. As in the first step above, the technique was first applied to determine affinities (macro analysis) between populations of insular Asia. Secondly, sixteen Y short tandem repeats (Y-STR) were used as they allow deeper insight (micro analysis) into the relationship between individuals of a same region. Together, mtDNA and NRY allowed a better definition of the relational, demographic, cultural and genetic components that constitute the make up of the present day peoples of ISEA. Outstanding findings were obtained on the routes of migration that occurred along with the spread of NPC during the settlement of insular Asia. The results of this analysis will be discussed using a conceptual approach.展开更多
Austronesian is the only large language family in the Pacific Rim Islands in the world.Its cultural continuity,which spans thousands of years,has attracted multi-disciplinary attention,thus becoming a major issue in e...Austronesian is the only large language family in the Pacific Rim Islands in the world.Its cultural continuity,which spans thousands of years,has attracted multi-disciplinary attention,thus becoming a major issue in exploration of the origin and development of human civilization.This paper shows that the Austronesians have utilized the human media identity of"nature users"to deal with maritime history and culture.In an""oral memory,"Austronesian people have turned the laws of nature into a visual memory language similar to that in comic books,thus giving myths,legends,and rituals"humanized and expanded media contents."Their marine civilization developed in the course of socialization and features belief in and respect for nature.This process is a model of the continuity of a human civilization characterized by"human-nature interaction."The marine civilization originating in the southeast coast of China is the foundation of the long history of Chinese civilization.This fine traditional Chinese culture that"complies with nature"presents the wisdom of China's healthy development and integration with the world.展开更多
南岛语族因其是现存唯一的大语系族群,囊括1000—1200种语言,其环太平洋岛屿的文化跨越万年延续,引发多学科关注,成为探究人类文明起源与发展的重大议题,也是中华文明对世界文明贡献的见证。本研究选择涉及南岛语族类选题的SSCI和A&...南岛语族因其是现存唯一的大语系族群,囊括1000—1200种语言,其环太平洋岛屿的文化跨越万年延续,引发多学科关注,成为探究人类文明起源与发展的重大议题,也是中华文明对世界文明贡献的见证。本研究选择涉及南岛语族类选题的SSCI和A&HCI期刊论文,对Web of Science数据库中1322篇文献进行分析,对其涉及计算相关语料库中每个项TF-IDF值进行数据主题挖掘和主题聚类划分,识别文本中关键术语并探索其关联,结合CSSCI中文文献发现,目前国际学界对于南岛语族民俗仪式等文化传播方面的研究尚需拓展,其民族文化传承与文明扩散路径的溯源涉及环太平洋文化传播维度的建构。为此,本文将人文社科“四重证据法”应用到南岛语族环太平洋文化传播研究中,从南岛语族的地理起源、语言体系的流动扩散、民俗变迁以及文明扩散的四重维度,对其相关文化传播进行全面梳理与分析,构建“环太平洋南岛语族共同体”文化传播研究维度,以期发现中华文明对世界文明的贡献、中华文化在两岸的渊源。南岛语族通过文化传承与传播凝聚共识、共享信仰,亦是共建“一带一路”环太平洋人类命运共同体的重要前提。展开更多
Widely recognized as the ultimate homeland of the Austronesians,Southeast China’s archaeological records bear direct implications for understanding the chronology,seafaring and the impetus of the proto-Austronesian e...Widely recognized as the ultimate homeland of the Austronesians,Southeast China’s archaeological records bear direct implications for understanding the chronology,seafaring and the impetus of the proto-Austronesian expansions.The available evidence demonstrates that as early as 8300 BP,the ancestors of the Austronesians started to explore the offshore islands in Southeast China.By 5000 BP,with the breakthrough of long-distance seafaring skills,a substantial population started to colonize the island of Taiwan.Maritime subsistence pattern and the seafaring served as the primary impetus for the earliest Austronesian dispersals.展开更多
文摘Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and non-recombining Y chromosome (NRY) are inherited uni-parentally from mother to daughter or from father to son respectively. Their polymorphism has initially been studied throughout populations of the world to demonstrate the "Out of Africa" hypothesis. Here, to correlate the distribution of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in different populations of insular Asia, we analyze the mtDNA information (lineages) obtained from genotyping of the hyper variable region (HVS I & II) among 1400 individuals from island Southeast Asia (ISEA), Taiwan and Fujian and supplemented with the analysis of relevant coding region polymorphisms. Lineages that best represented a clade (a branch of the genetic tree) in the phylogeny were further analyzed using complete genomic mtDNA sequencing. Finally, these complete mtDNA sequences were used to construct a most parsimonious tree which now constitutes the most up-to-date mtDNA dataset available on ISEA and Taiwan. This analysis has exposed new insights of the evolutionary history of insular Asia and has strong implications in assessing possible correlations with linguistic, archaeology, demography and the NPC distribution in populations within these regions. To obtain a more objective and balanced genetic point of view, slowly evolving biallelic Y single nucleotide polymorphism (Y-SNP) was also analyzed. As in the first step above, the technique was first applied to determine affinities (macro analysis) between populations of insular Asia. Secondly, sixteen Y short tandem repeats (Y-STR) were used as they allow deeper insight (micro analysis) into the relationship between individuals of a same region. Together, mtDNA and NRY allowed a better definition of the relational, demographic, cultural and genetic components that constitute the make up of the present day peoples of ISEA. Outstanding findings were obtained on the routes of migration that occurred along with the spread of NPC during the settlement of insular Asia. The results of this analysis will be discussed using a conceptual approach.
文摘Austronesian is the only large language family in the Pacific Rim Islands in the world.Its cultural continuity,which spans thousands of years,has attracted multi-disciplinary attention,thus becoming a major issue in exploration of the origin and development of human civilization.This paper shows that the Austronesians have utilized the human media identity of"nature users"to deal with maritime history and culture.In an""oral memory,"Austronesian people have turned the laws of nature into a visual memory language similar to that in comic books,thus giving myths,legends,and rituals"humanized and expanded media contents."Their marine civilization developed in the course of socialization and features belief in and respect for nature.This process is a model of the continuity of a human civilization characterized by"human-nature interaction."The marine civilization originating in the southeast coast of China is the foundation of the long history of Chinese civilization.This fine traditional Chinese culture that"complies with nature"presents the wisdom of China's healthy development and integration with the world.
文摘南岛语族因其是现存唯一的大语系族群,囊括1000—1200种语言,其环太平洋岛屿的文化跨越万年延续,引发多学科关注,成为探究人类文明起源与发展的重大议题,也是中华文明对世界文明贡献的见证。本研究选择涉及南岛语族类选题的SSCI和A&HCI期刊论文,对Web of Science数据库中1322篇文献进行分析,对其涉及计算相关语料库中每个项TF-IDF值进行数据主题挖掘和主题聚类划分,识别文本中关键术语并探索其关联,结合CSSCI中文文献发现,目前国际学界对于南岛语族民俗仪式等文化传播方面的研究尚需拓展,其民族文化传承与文明扩散路径的溯源涉及环太平洋文化传播维度的建构。为此,本文将人文社科“四重证据法”应用到南岛语族环太平洋文化传播研究中,从南岛语族的地理起源、语言体系的流动扩散、民俗变迁以及文明扩散的四重维度,对其相关文化传播进行全面梳理与分析,构建“环太平洋南岛语族共同体”文化传播研究维度,以期发现中华文明对世界文明的贡献、中华文化在两岸的渊源。南岛语族通过文化传承与传播凝聚共识、共享信仰,亦是共建“一带一路”环太平洋人类命运共同体的重要前提。
文摘Widely recognized as the ultimate homeland of the Austronesians,Southeast China’s archaeological records bear direct implications for understanding the chronology,seafaring and the impetus of the proto-Austronesian expansions.The available evidence demonstrates that as early as 8300 BP,the ancestors of the Austronesians started to explore the offshore islands in Southeast China.By 5000 BP,with the breakthrough of long-distance seafaring skills,a substantial population started to colonize the island of Taiwan.Maritime subsistence pattern and the seafaring served as the primary impetus for the earliest Austronesian dispersals.
