Nitrogen(N)fertilizer application is essential for crop-plant growth and development.Identifying genetic loci associated with N-use efficiency(NUE)could increase wheat yields and reduce environmental pollution caused ...Nitrogen(N)fertilizer application is essential for crop-plant growth and development.Identifying genetic loci associated with N-use efficiency(NUE)could increase wheat yields and reduce environmental pollution caused by overfertilization.We subjected a panel of 389 wheat accessions to N and chlorate(a nitrate analog)treatments to identify quantitative trait loci(QTL)controlling NUE-associated traits at the wheat seedling stage.Genotyping the panel with a 660K single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)array,we identified 397 SNPs associated with N-sensitivity index and chlorate inhibition rate.These SNPs were merged into 49 QTL,of which eight were multi-environment stable QTL and 27 were located near previously reported QTL.A set of 135 candidate genes near the 49 QTL included TaBOX(F-box family protein)and TaERF(ethylene-responsive transcription factor).A Tabox mutant was more sensitive to low-N stress than the wild-type plant.We developed two functional markers for Hap 1,the favorable allele of TaBOX.展开更多
Rice grain yield is primarily determined by three key agronomic traits:panicle number,grain number per panicle,and grain weight(GW).However,the inherent tradeoffs among these yield components remain a persistent chall...Rice grain yield is primarily determined by three key agronomic traits:panicle number,grain number per panicle,and grain weight(GW).However,the inherent tradeoffs among these yield components remain a persistent challenge in rice breeding programs.Notably,compared with GW,brown rice weight(BRW)provides a more direct metric associated with actual grain yield potential.In this study,we conducted a two-year replicated genome-wide association study to elucidate the genetic architecture of BRW and identify new loci regulating GW.Among seven consistently detected loci across experimental replicates,four were not co-localized with previously reported genes associated with BRW or GW traits.BRW1.1,one of the four newly identified loci,was found to encode a novel RNA-binding protein.Functional characterization revealed that BRW1.1 acts as a negative regulator of BRW,potentially through modulating mRNA translation processes.Intriguingly,through integrated analysis of mutant phenotypes and haplotype variations,we demonstrated that BRW1.1 mediates the physiological tradeoff between GW and panicle number.This study not only delineates the genetic determinants of BRW but also identifies BRW1.1 as a promising molecular target for breaking the yield component tradeoff in precision rice breeding.展开更多
The genetic mechanism determining amylose content(AC)and its impact on eating and cooking quality(ECQ)of rice is highly complex.To elucidate the genetic basis of AC in rice,the Ting’s core collection was used to iden...The genetic mechanism determining amylose content(AC)and its impact on eating and cooking quality(ECQ)of rice is highly complex.To elucidate the genetic basis of AC in rice,the Ting’s core collection was used to identify novel AC genes/loci through genome-wide association analysis(GWAS)using more than 5.0 million single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).In this study,12 genes related to AC,including the major gene Wx and 11 minor genes,were detected using the EMMAX method.A novel gene,LR,encoding a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich-repeat(LRR)receptor(NLR)family protein,was selected for functional study.When LR was knocked out using CRISPR/Cas9,the AC decreased significantly.Furthermore,the AC in varieties was significantly higher with Haplotype A compared to Haplotypes B and C of LR.Notably,two natural variations,SNP-385(Thr-Hap.A vs Ala-Haps.B and C)and SNP-758(Ser-Hap.A vs Asn-Haps.B and C),in the coding region of LR might play critical roles in regulating AC and serve as potential targets for cultivating rice with diverse amylose contents.展开更多
Seedlessness has always been a valuable quality characteristic of edible grape varieties.Although the production of seedless grapes has been ongoing for decades,the genetic complexity of seedless grapes is not yet ful...Seedlessness has always been a valuable quality characteristic of edible grape varieties.Although the production of seedless grapes has been ongoing for decades,the genetic complexity of seedless grapes is not yet fully understood.Therefore,determining the genetic mechanisms and key regulatory genes of seedless grapes is of great significance for seedless grape breeding and meeting market demands.The emergence of high-throughput analysis software offers greater possibilities for mining genes related to plant organ development.Specifically,to mine a greater number of candidate genes related to grape seed traits,this study used the seed trait parameters analyzed by Tomato Analyzer as the target trait and then used a genome-wide association study(GWAS)to mine candidate genes.In the two-year analysis using principal component analysis(PCA),we extracted five principal components with a cumulative contribution rate of 96.586%.The cumulative contribution rate for component 1 reached 87.352%.Correlation analysis revealed correlation coefficients ranging from 0.54 to 0.98 among the seven basic traits.The GWAS results indicated that 370 SNP loci were significantly correlated with seed traits.These SNP loci were distributed on 18 chromosomes,except for chromosome 4,with most SNP loci distributed on chromosome 18.Based on the physical location of single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers significantly associated with seed-related traits in the grape reference genome,candidate genes are screened within the range of linkage disequilibrium(LD)attenuation distance,both upstream and downstream of the significant SNP loci.These candidate genes were mainly transcription factor-related genes(VvMADS4 and VvMADS5),ubiquitin ligase-related genes(E3 ubiquitin ligase BIG BROTHER),serine/threonine protein kinase-related genes,and carbohydrate metabolism-related genes(Sucrose Synthase 2)and simultaneously controlled multiple(at least two or more)seed traits.These results indicate that seed traits are jointly regulated by some genes involved in seed morphology regulation.In this work,we identified new gene loci related to grape seed traits.Identifying molecular markers closely related to these seed traits is of great significance for breeding seedless grape varieties.展开更多
Alkaline soil is characterized by high soluble salt content,elevated pH levels,and ionic imbalance,all of which collectively intensify the harmful effects of alkaline stress on plants.To gain molecular insights into a...Alkaline soil is characterized by high soluble salt content,elevated pH levels,and ionic imbalance,all of which collectively intensify the harmful effects of alkaline stress on plants.To gain molecular insights into alkaline tolerance(AT),we evaluated 13 AT-related traits in 508 diverse rice accessions from the 3K Rice Germplasm Project at the seedling stage.A total of 2929764,2059114,and 1365868 single nucleotide polymorphisms were used to identify alkaline-tolerance QTLs via genome-wide association studies(GWAS)in the entire population as well as in the xian and geng subpopulations,respectively.Candidate genes and their superior haplotypes were further identified through gene-based association,haplotype analysis,and gene function annotation.In total,99 QTLs were identified for AT by GWAS,and three genes(LOC_Os03g49050 for qSSD3.1,LOC_Os05g48760 for qSKC5,and LOC_Os12g01922 for qSNC12)were selected as the most promising candidate genes.Furthermore,we successfully mined superior alleles of key candidate genes from natural variants associated with AT-related traits.This study identified crucial candidate genes and their favorable alleles for AT traits,laying a foundation for further gene cloning and the development of AT rice varieties via marker-assisted selection.展开更多
Background:This study aimed to explore the causal link between cervical spondylosis(CS)and major depression(MD)using a bidirectional Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis.Methods:Bidirectional MR was employed to validat...Background:This study aimed to explore the causal link between cervical spondylosis(CS)and major depression(MD)using a bidirectional Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis.Methods:Bidirectional MR was employed to validate the bidirectional causal relationship between CS and MD using pooled data obtained from the Integrated Epidemiology Unit Open Genome Wide Association Study(GWAS)database.MR Egger,weighted median,inverse-variance weighted(IVW),and simple mode methods were used,with priority given to IVW results.Sensitivity analyses,including heterogeneity tests,horizontal pleiotropy tests,and leave-one-out methods,were performed to confirm the stability of the MR results.Results:In a forward MR analysis,a causal effect was found between MD and CS(IVW:OR>1,p<0.05).However,a reverse MR analysis indicated no causal relationship between CS and MD(p>0.05).Sensitivity analyses revealed no sample heterogeneity,no horizontal pleiotropy effect,and no significant bias,thus supporting the reliability of the MR analysis results.Conclusion:This study provides evidence demonstrating that MD is causally associated with CS,whereas CS is not causally linked to MD.Thesefindings offer novel insights into the pathogenesis of these two prevalent diseases.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the causal relationship between dietary intake and myopia using Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis.METHODS:Genome-wide association study(GWAS)data from the IEU Open GWAS database were utilized to e...AIM:To investigate the causal relationship between dietary intake and myopia using Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis.METHODS:Genome-wide association study(GWAS)data from the IEU Open GWAS database were utilized to examine associations between myopia and various dietary factors.MR analysis,incorporating both univariable and multivariable approaches,assessed the impact of food intake on myopia risk through five analytical methods,with inverse variance weighted(IVW)serving as the primary reference.Sensitivity analyses,including heterogeneity assessment,horizontal pleiotropy evaluation,and leave-oneout analysis,were conducted to validate the MR findings.RESULTS:Univariable MR analysis identified a causal link between food intake and myopia.Consumption of breaded fish,canned soup,sweet biscuits,and certain fruits correlated with a lower risk of myopia,whereas intake of low-calorie hot chocolate and cereal was associated with an increased risk.Multivariable MR analysis further confirmed that breaded fish consumption exerted a direct protective effect against myopia,particularly when consumed alongside other dietary components.These findings highlight the intricate interplay between specific dietary factors and myopia development,offering valuable insights for further research.CONCLUSION:MR analysis provides evidence supporting a potential causal relationship between breaded fish intake and myopia,underscoring its relevance in targeted myopia prevention strategies.展开更多
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is the leading cause of blindness among working-age adults,with an increasing prevalence due to the global burden of diabetes.AIM To develop a polygenic risk score(PRS)to identify hi...BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is the leading cause of blindness among working-age adults,with an increasing prevalence due to the global burden of diabetes.AIM To develop a polygenic risk score(PRS)to identify high-risk groups for DR and evaluate its severity in patients with type 2 diabetes(T2D).METHODS This population-based study included 13335 patients with T2D,comprising 7295 patients with DR and 6040 without DR.Genetic data,duration of DR diagnosis,body mass index,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,and glycated hemoglobin A1c levels were obtained from the study population.The PRS was constructed from a genome-wide association study conducted in a Taiwan region of China Han population.Electronic medical records were used to track patients with T2D and analyze the associations between PRS,timing of DR diagnosis,and therapeutic interventions.The hazard ratio(HR)of PRS for DR development and severity was estimated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression.RESULTS The results demonstrated that patients with T2D in the top PRS decile had a 1.21-fold greater risk of developing DR[HR=1.21;95%confidence interval(CI):1.01-1.45;P=0.041]over a 20-year follow-up period.Among patients with DR,those in the highest PRS decile exhibited a 4.81-fold increased risk of requiring more than four laser treatments(HR=4.81;95%CI:1.40-16.5;P=0.012)and a 1.38-fold increased risk of undergoing vitreoretinal surgery(HR=1.38;95%CI:1.01-1.90;P=0.044).CONCLUSION Patients with T2D with a higher PRS are at increased risk of developing DR and may experience more severe forms of the disease.展开更多
Southern corn rust(SCR)is an airborne fungal disease caused by Puccinia polysora Underw.(P.polysora)that adversely impacts maize quality and yields worldwide.Screening for new elite SCR-resistant maize loci or genes h...Southern corn rust(SCR)is an airborne fungal disease caused by Puccinia polysora Underw.(P.polysora)that adversely impacts maize quality and yields worldwide.Screening for new elite SCR-resistant maize loci or genes has the potential to enhance overall resistance to this pathogen.Using phenotypic SCR resistance-related data collected over two years and three geographical environments,a genome-wide association study was carried out in this work,which eventually identified 91 loci that were substantially correlated with SCR susceptibility.These included 13 loci that were significant in at least three environments and overlapped with 74 candidate genes(B73_RefGen_v4).Comparative transcriptomic analyses were then performed to identify the genes related to SCR infection,with 2,586 and 797 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)ultimately being identified in the resistant Qi319and susceptible 8112 inbred lines following P.polysora infection,respectively,including 306 genes common to both lines.Subsequent integrative multi-omics investigations identified four potential candidate SCR response-related genes.One of these genes is ZmHCT9,which encodes the protein hydroxycinnamoyl transferase 9.This gene was up-regulated in susceptible inbred lines and linked to greater P.polysora resistance as confirmed through cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)-based virus induced-gene silencing(VIGS)system-mediated gene silencing.These data provide important insights into the genetic basis of the maize SCR response.They will be useful for for future research on potential genes related to SCR resistance in maize.展开更多
Background:Previous studies have suggested that allergic diseases and cancer development are inversely correlated.However,the association between allergic disease biomarkers and the risk of hepatocellular carci-noma(H...Background:Previous studies have suggested that allergic diseases and cancer development are inversely correlated.However,the association between allergic disease biomarkers and the risk of hepatocellular carci-noma(HCC)has not been thoroughly investigated.Objective:This study aimed to investigate the association between biomarkers of allergic diseases and HCC by performing a Mendelian randomization study.Methods:An analysis was performed on the following data from a genome-wide association study(GWAS):eosinophil count(n=172,275 samples),basophil count(n=11,502),IL-4(n=8124),IL-5(n=3364),IL-10(n=7681),IL-13(n=3557),tIgE(n=1000),TGF-β(n=982),and HCC cases(n=197,611).The inverse-variance weighted(IVW)approach was used for the principal analysis,complemented by MR-Egger,weighted median,simple mode,and weighted mode analyses.Results:The results of the IVW method indicated that genetically predicted eosinophils were significantly asso-ciated with a decreased risk of HCC(odds ratio[OR]=0.80;95%CI:0.65-0.97;p=0.03).The results of the IVW analysis revealed a significant association between elevated levels of IL-4 and decreased risk of HCC(OR=0.64;95%CI:0.43-0.95;p=0.03).Furthermore,all p-values calculated in the MR-Egger intercept test were greater than 0.05,indicating the absence of instrumental variables in horizontal pleiotropy.Conclusion:Eosinophil and IL-4 levels were associated with a decreased risk of HCC,suggesting a possible pro-tective effect of allergic diseases against the risk of HCC.These findings provide new insights into the etiology,diagnosis,and treatment of HCC.展开更多
Rice cooking and eating qualities(CEQ)are mainly determined by cooked rice textural parameters and starch physicochemical properties.However,the genetic bases of grain texture and starch properties in rice have not be...Rice cooking and eating qualities(CEQ)are mainly determined by cooked rice textural parameters and starch physicochemical properties.However,the genetic bases of grain texture and starch properties in rice have not been fully understood.We conducted a genome-wide association study for apparent amylose content(AAC),starch pasting viscosities,and cooked rice textural parameters using 279 indica rice accessions from the 3000 Rice Genome Project.We identified 26 QTLs in the whole population and detected single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)with the lowest P-value at the Waxy(Wx)locus for all traits except pasting temperature and cohesiveness.Additionally,we detected significant SNPs at the SUBSTANDARD STARCH GRAIN6(SSG6)locus for AAC,setback(SB),hardness,adhesiveness,chewiness(CHEW),gumminess(GUM),and resilience.We subsequently divided the population using a SNP adjacent to the Waxy locus,and identified 23 QTLs and 12 QTLs in two sub-panels,WxT and WxA,respectively.In these sub-panels,SSG6 was also identified to be associated with pasting parameters,including peak viscosity,hot paste viscosity,cold paste viscosity,and consistency viscosity.Furthermore,a candidate gene encoding monosaccharide transporter 5(OsMST5)was identified to be associated with AAC,breakdown,SB,CHEW,and GUM.In total,39 QTLs were co-localized with known genes or previously reported QTLs.These identified genes and QTLs provide valuable information for genetic manipulation to improve rice CEQ.展开更多
Background:Both eczema and tumor are associated with immune disorders.Although several investigations have observed the rela-tionship between eczema and certain cancers,evidence for causality is lacking.Methods:We con...Background:Both eczema and tumor are associated with immune disorders.Although several investigations have observed the rela-tionship between eczema and certain cancers,evidence for causality is lacking.Methods:We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)study to examine and explore the genetic association between eczema and pan-cancers.Upon satisfying the three core assumptions of MR,we analyzed the causality between eczema and 15 site-specific cancers utilizing an inverse variance weighted method.We verified the results through a series of sensitivity and reverse direction analyses.The exposure and outcome datasets were substituted from the FinnGen and genome-wide association studies catalog data-bases.A meta-analysis on primary and validation analyses was performed to combine the estimates of MR study.Results:Based on the MR analysis results,eczema was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer(odds ratio[OR]=1.0427,95%confidence interval[CI]=1.0082–1.0783,P=0.0148)and brain cancer(OR=1.0285,95%CI=1.0120–1.0452,P=0.0007)and de-creased risk of colorectal cancer(OR=0.9324,95%CI=0.8774–0.9909,P=0.0242)and malignant neoplasm of the kidney(OR=0.9323,95%CI=0.8834–0.9839,P=0.0108).The sensitivity analysis indicated that the results were stable and reliable,and the reverse MR analyses demonstrated no causation between the cancers of interest and eczema.Conclusions:Our results identified eczema as a genetic risk factor for lung and brain cancer and a protective factor for colorectal cancer and malignant neoplasm of the kidney.No connection was observed between eczema and other cancers.Further evidence from epide-miological and mechanistic studies is needed to elucidate these findings in detail.展开更多
To explore the possible explanation of the marked difference in the incidence of breast cancer between Chinese and Australian women, the authors have compared and analysed the results of two case-control studies compl...To explore the possible explanation of the marked difference in the incidence of breast cancer between Chinese and Australian women, the authors have compared and analysed the results of two case-control studies completed recently in Tianjin, China and Adelaide, Australia. Of 10 known risk factors for breast cancer 9 were significantly higher in level in Adelaide women than in Tianjin women, i.e., women in Adelaide were much taller, heavier, more obese, earlier at menarche, later at first full-term pregnancy, more nulliparous, less parity, more in history of breast cancer in first degree relatives, more educated. From the 7 risk factors analysed by use of logistic regression model 5 factors, i.e., earlier age at menarche, later age at first full-term pregnancy, less parity, history of benign disease, and history of breast cancer in first degree relatives, were associated significantly with the increased risk for breast cancer in the Tianjin study, but not in Adelaide study. These factors being not associated with breast cancer in Adelaide women were unexpected. The explanation of the indefinite findings in Adelaide study was due to the fact that the level of the risk factor is universally high, relatively uniform and lack of categories. The difference in the risk factor distribution between cases and controle would not be seen in case-control studies, and significance of the risk factor therefore may not be found. According to data on diet survey in these two cities, the calories from fat was significantly higher in Adelaide women than in Tianjin women. The marked difference in incidence in women in the two cities resulted from the summing-up effect of a number of factors. The important role of fat intake in geographical incidence difference and in the development of breast cancer was also discussed.展开更多
For lifetime non-smokers, lung cancer risk is mainly associated with inhalation exposure to air pollution. For the Chinese population, indoor air pollution due to solid fuel combustion has been the primary source of i...For lifetime non-smokers, lung cancer risk is mainly associated with inhalation exposure to air pollution. For the Chinese population, indoor air pollution due to solid fuel combustion has been the primary source of inhalation exposure for decades. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） are the by-products of incomplete combustion.展开更多
AIM:To assess the causal link between 211 gut microbiota(GM)taxa and dry age-related macular degeneration(dAMD)risk.METHODS:Mendelian randomization using instrumental factors taken from a genome-wide association study...AIM:To assess the causal link between 211 gut microbiota(GM)taxa and dry age-related macular degeneration(dAMD)risk.METHODS:Mendelian randomization using instrumental factors taken from a genome-wide association study(GWAS)were used.Inverse variance weighted(IVW)analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed on the FinnGen project,which included 5095 cases and 222590 controls.RESULTS:The IVW analysis showed substantial genusand family-level relationships between GM taxa and dAMD risk.Specifically,the family Peptococcaceae(P=0.03),genus Bilophila(P=3.91×10^(-3)),genus Faecalibacterium(P=6.55×10^(-3)),and genus Roseburia(P=0.04)were linked to a higher risk of developing dAMD,while the genus Candidatus Soleaferrea(P=7.75×10^(-4)),genus Desulfovibrio(P=0.04)and genus Eubacterium ventriosum group(P=0.04)exhibited a protective effect against dAMD.No significant causal relationships were observed at higher taxonomic levels.Additionally,in the reverse IVW analysis,no meaningful causal effects of the 7 GM taxa.CONCLUSION:These findings give support for the gutretina axis participation in dAMD and shed light on putative underlying processes.Investigations on the connection between GM and dAMD have not yet revealed the underlying mechanism.展开更多
Background:Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule(PECAM-1)is present in the vascular endothelium and plays important roles in various biological processes.Several recent studies have reported associations between...Background:Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule(PECAM-1)is present in the vascular endothelium and plays important roles in various biological processes.Several recent studies have reported associations between PECAM-1 and certain subtypes of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs).However,further research is necessary to clarify the causal effects of PECAM-1 on CVDs.To determine whether PECAM-1 and CVDs are causally associated,we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization(TSMR)study.Methods:Single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)associated with PECAM-1 were used as instrumental variants(IVs)to estimate the causal effects of PECAM-1 on CVDs.Six SNPs were included in our TSMR study.The inverse-variance weighted(IVW)method was applied in the primary analysis.To confirm the initial results,we conducted several complementary analyses and pleiotropy analyses.Results:In the IVW analysis,higher genetically predicted PECAM-1 levels were associated with lower risk of coronary artery disease(CAD)(OR,0.835;CI,0.757–0.92;P=3×10-4)and myocardial infarction(MI)(OR,0.79;CI,0.709–0.881;P=2.03×10-5).Conclusions:The findings confirmed that elevated PECAM-1 levels may decrease the risk of CAD and MI.These results confirm the causal effect of PECAM-1 on CVDs and may facilitate further investigation of the mechanism of PECAM-1 in CVD pathogenesis.展开更多
Background:The relationship between tea intake(TI)and sleep disorders(SDs)has been a topic of interest for some time,but there remains a lack of data showing a causal relationship.We aimed to use a two-sample Mendelia...Background:The relationship between tea intake(TI)and sleep disorders(SDs)has been a topic of interest for some time,but there remains a lack of data showing a causal relationship.We aimed to use a two-sample Mendelian randomization study to determine whether there is a causal link between TI and SDs.Methods:We collected data regarding TI,with a focus on green tea intake(GTI),herbal tea intake(HTI),and rooibos tea intake(RTI);and data regarding SDs and insomnia from genome-wide association studies.We analyzed these data using an inverse variance-weighted two-sample Mendelian randomization study,by means of the TwoSampleMR package in R4.2.3 software.Results:We found no genetic causal relationships of TI,GTI,HTI,or RTI with insomnia.The odds ratios(ORs)for these relationships were as follows:TI:OR=0.61,95%confidence interval(CI):0.29–1.28;GTI:OR=1.04,95%CI:0.95–1.14;HTI:OR=0.98,95%CI:0.82–1.17;and RTI:OR=1.04,95%CI:0.99–1.09.In addition,there were no genetic causal relationships of TI,GTI,HTI,or RTI with SDs.The OR values for these relationships were as follows:TI:OR=0.6,95%CI:0.34–1.06;GTI:OR=1,95%CI:0.93–1.07;HTI:OR=0.89,95%CI:0.66–1.2;and RTI:OR=1.02,95%CI:0.98–1.06.Conclusion:We found no causal relationships of TI with SDs or insomnia,irrespective of the type of tea consumed.However,additional Mendelian randomization studies are required to further explore the relationships of the timing and quantity of tea consumption with SDs and insomnia.展开更多
To explore the treatment methods for scapular fractures associated with clavicle fractures.Methods Of 23 cases with scapular fractures associated with clavicle fractures,13 treated conservatively took the function exe...To explore the treatment methods for scapular fractures associated with clavicle fractures.Methods Of 23 cases with scapular fractures associated with clavicle fractures,13 treated conservatively took the function exercise of shoulder joint after two months and 10 treated with open reduction and plate fixation reconstruction began the function exercise of shoulder joint four weeks after operation.The follow up averaged 12 months.Results All patients were healed up.18 cases were followed up,of them 8 cases were treated surgically,10 cases,conservatively.Of eight cases treated surgically,seven got excellent functional recovery of the shoulder joint and one satisfactory.In the meantime,of 10 cases treated conservatively,the recovery of shoulder joint was excellent in six,good in three and poor in one.Conclusion As for scapular fractures with associated clavicle fractures,open reduction and plate fixation reconstruction is a good treatment method for it can keep the stability and the balance of shoulder joint and is helpful for early functional exercise and recovery of the shoulder joint.7 refs,5 figs.展开更多
Identifying the factors that contribute to individual susceptibility to cancer is essential for both prevention and treatment.The advancement of biotechnologies,particularly next-generation sequencing,has accelerated ...Identifying the factors that contribute to individual susceptibility to cancer is essential for both prevention and treatment.The advancement of biotechnologies,particularly next-generation sequencing,has accelerated the discovery of genetic variants linked to cancer susceptibility.While hundreds of cancer-susceptibility genes have been identified,they only explain a small fraction of the overall cancer risk,a phenomenon known as"missing heritability".Despite progress,even considering factors such as epistasis,epigenetics,and gene-environment interactions,the missing heritability remains unresolved.Recent research has revealed that an individual's microbiome composition plays a significant role in cancer susceptibility through several mechanisms,such as modulating immune cell activity and influencing the presence or removal of environmental carcinogens.In this review,we examine the multifaceted roles of the microbiome in cancer risk and explore gene-microbiome and environment-microbiome interactions that may contribute to cancer susceptibility.Additionally,we highlight the importance of experimental models,such as collaborative cross mice,and advanced analytical tools,like artificial intelligence,in identifying microbial factors associated with cancer risk.Understanding these microbial determinants can open new avenues for interventions aimed at reducing cancer risk and guide the development of more effective cancer treatments.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1200201)Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research and Development Plan Joint Fund(222301420025)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(ASTIP)of CAAS.
文摘Nitrogen(N)fertilizer application is essential for crop-plant growth and development.Identifying genetic loci associated with N-use efficiency(NUE)could increase wheat yields and reduce environmental pollution caused by overfertilization.We subjected a panel of 389 wheat accessions to N and chlorate(a nitrate analog)treatments to identify quantitative trait loci(QTL)controlling NUE-associated traits at the wheat seedling stage.Genotyping the panel with a 660K single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)array,we identified 397 SNPs associated with N-sensitivity index and chlorate inhibition rate.These SNPs were merged into 49 QTL,of which eight were multi-environment stable QTL and 27 were located near previously reported QTL.A set of 135 candidate genes near the 49 QTL included TaBOX(F-box family protein)and TaERF(ethylene-responsive transcription factor).A Tabox mutant was more sensitive to low-N stress than the wild-type plant.We developed two functional markers for Hap 1,the favorable allele of TaBOX.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32000377,32172037,and 32472211)the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project,China(Grant No.2023ZD04068)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant No.KJQN202103)the open funds of the State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics&Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization,China(Grant No.ZW202401)the Cyrus Tang Innovation Center for Crop Seed Industry,China.
文摘Rice grain yield is primarily determined by three key agronomic traits:panicle number,grain number per panicle,and grain weight(GW).However,the inherent tradeoffs among these yield components remain a persistent challenge in rice breeding programs.Notably,compared with GW,brown rice weight(BRW)provides a more direct metric associated with actual grain yield potential.In this study,we conducted a two-year replicated genome-wide association study to elucidate the genetic architecture of BRW and identify new loci regulating GW.Among seven consistently detected loci across experimental replicates,four were not co-localized with previously reported genes associated with BRW or GW traits.BRW1.1,one of the four newly identified loci,was found to encode a novel RNA-binding protein.Functional characterization revealed that BRW1.1 acts as a negative regulator of BRW,potentially through modulating mRNA translation processes.Intriguingly,through integrated analysis of mutant phenotypes and haplotype variations,we demonstrated that BRW1.1 mediates the physiological tradeoff between GW and panicle number.This study not only delineates the genetic determinants of BRW but also identifies BRW1.1 as a promising molecular target for breaking the yield component tradeoff in precision rice breeding.
基金supported by the Hainan Provincial Joint Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City,China(Grant No.2021JJLH0041)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.LY23C130006)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32472207)Nanfan Special Project,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant Nos.YBXM2436 and YBXM2326)the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund,China(Grant No.ZDYF2022XDNY256)the Innovational Fund for Scientific and Technological Personnel of Hainan Province,China(Grant No.KJRC2023B24).
文摘The genetic mechanism determining amylose content(AC)and its impact on eating and cooking quality(ECQ)of rice is highly complex.To elucidate the genetic basis of AC in rice,the Ting’s core collection was used to identify novel AC genes/loci through genome-wide association analysis(GWAS)using more than 5.0 million single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).In this study,12 genes related to AC,including the major gene Wx and 11 minor genes,were detected using the EMMAX method.A novel gene,LR,encoding a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich-repeat(LRR)receptor(NLR)family protein,was selected for functional study.When LR was knocked out using CRISPR/Cas9,the AC decreased significantly.Furthermore,the AC in varieties was significantly higher with Haplotype A compared to Haplotypes B and C of LR.Notably,two natural variations,SNP-385(Thr-Hap.A vs Ala-Haps.B and C)and SNP-758(Ser-Hap.A vs Asn-Haps.B and C),in the coding region of LR might play critical roles in regulating AC and serve as potential targets for cultivating rice with diverse amylose contents.
基金supported by grants from the Basic Research Business Fees for Public Welfare in Xinjiang Autonomous Region(Mining candidate genes related to grape seed traits based on GWAS,KY2023028)the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Tianchi Talent-Young Doctor for Chuan Zhang(Revealing the domestication history of Xinjiang native grape varieties and genetic analysis of important agronomic traits)the Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Youth Science and Technology Backbone Innovation Ability Training Project(xjnkq-2023006).
文摘Seedlessness has always been a valuable quality characteristic of edible grape varieties.Although the production of seedless grapes has been ongoing for decades,the genetic complexity of seedless grapes is not yet fully understood.Therefore,determining the genetic mechanisms and key regulatory genes of seedless grapes is of great significance for seedless grape breeding and meeting market demands.The emergence of high-throughput analysis software offers greater possibilities for mining genes related to plant organ development.Specifically,to mine a greater number of candidate genes related to grape seed traits,this study used the seed trait parameters analyzed by Tomato Analyzer as the target trait and then used a genome-wide association study(GWAS)to mine candidate genes.In the two-year analysis using principal component analysis(PCA),we extracted five principal components with a cumulative contribution rate of 96.586%.The cumulative contribution rate for component 1 reached 87.352%.Correlation analysis revealed correlation coefficients ranging from 0.54 to 0.98 among the seven basic traits.The GWAS results indicated that 370 SNP loci were significantly correlated with seed traits.These SNP loci were distributed on 18 chromosomes,except for chromosome 4,with most SNP loci distributed on chromosome 18.Based on the physical location of single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers significantly associated with seed-related traits in the grape reference genome,candidate genes are screened within the range of linkage disequilibrium(LD)attenuation distance,both upstream and downstream of the significant SNP loci.These candidate genes were mainly transcription factor-related genes(VvMADS4 and VvMADS5),ubiquitin ligase-related genes(E3 ubiquitin ligase BIG BROTHER),serine/threonine protein kinase-related genes,and carbohydrate metabolism-related genes(Sucrose Synthase 2)and simultaneously controlled multiple(at least two or more)seed traits.These results indicate that seed traits are jointly regulated by some genes involved in seed morphology regulation.In this work,we identified new gene loci related to grape seed traits.Identifying molecular markers closely related to these seed traits is of great significance for breeding seedless grape varieties.
基金supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,China(Grant No.KCXFZ20211020163808012)the Nanfan Special Project,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(Grant No.YBXM2426).
文摘Alkaline soil is characterized by high soluble salt content,elevated pH levels,and ionic imbalance,all of which collectively intensify the harmful effects of alkaline stress on plants.To gain molecular insights into alkaline tolerance(AT),we evaluated 13 AT-related traits in 508 diverse rice accessions from the 3K Rice Germplasm Project at the seedling stage.A total of 2929764,2059114,and 1365868 single nucleotide polymorphisms were used to identify alkaline-tolerance QTLs via genome-wide association studies(GWAS)in the entire population as well as in the xian and geng subpopulations,respectively.Candidate genes and their superior haplotypes were further identified through gene-based association,haplotype analysis,and gene function annotation.In total,99 QTLs were identified for AT by GWAS,and three genes(LOC_Os03g49050 for qSSD3.1,LOC_Os05g48760 for qSKC5,and LOC_Os12g01922 for qSNC12)were selected as the most promising candidate genes.Furthermore,we successfully mined superior alleles of key candidate genes from natural variants associated with AT-related traits.This study identified crucial candidate genes and their favorable alleles for AT traits,laying a foundation for further gene cloning and the development of AT rice varieties via marker-assisted selection.
文摘Background:This study aimed to explore the causal link between cervical spondylosis(CS)and major depression(MD)using a bidirectional Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis.Methods:Bidirectional MR was employed to validate the bidirectional causal relationship between CS and MD using pooled data obtained from the Integrated Epidemiology Unit Open Genome Wide Association Study(GWAS)database.MR Egger,weighted median,inverse-variance weighted(IVW),and simple mode methods were used,with priority given to IVW results.Sensitivity analyses,including heterogeneity tests,horizontal pleiotropy tests,and leave-one-out methods,were performed to confirm the stability of the MR results.Results:In a forward MR analysis,a causal effect was found between MD and CS(IVW:OR>1,p<0.05).However,a reverse MR analysis indicated no causal relationship between CS and MD(p>0.05).Sensitivity analyses revealed no sample heterogeneity,no horizontal pleiotropy effect,and no significant bias,thus supporting the reliability of the MR analysis results.Conclusion:This study provides evidence demonstrating that MD is causally associated with CS,whereas CS is not causally linked to MD.Thesefindings offer novel insights into the pathogenesis of these two prevalent diseases.
基金Supported by Xi’an Science and Technology Program Project(No.24YXYJ0108)Support Projects of Xi’an Children’s Hospital(No.2024I07).
文摘AIM:To investigate the causal relationship between dietary intake and myopia using Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis.METHODS:Genome-wide association study(GWAS)data from the IEU Open GWAS database were utilized to examine associations between myopia and various dietary factors.MR analysis,incorporating both univariable and multivariable approaches,assessed the impact of food intake on myopia risk through five analytical methods,with inverse variance weighted(IVW)serving as the primary reference.Sensitivity analyses,including heterogeneity assessment,horizontal pleiotropy evaluation,and leave-oneout analysis,were conducted to validate the MR findings.RESULTS:Univariable MR analysis identified a causal link between food intake and myopia.Consumption of breaded fish,canned soup,sweet biscuits,and certain fruits correlated with a lower risk of myopia,whereas intake of low-calorie hot chocolate and cereal was associated with an increased risk.Multivariable MR analysis further confirmed that breaded fish consumption exerted a direct protective effect against myopia,particularly when consumed alongside other dietary components.These findings highlight the intricate interplay between specific dietary factors and myopia development,offering valuable insights for further research.CONCLUSION:MR analysis provides evidence supporting a potential causal relationship between breaded fish intake and myopia,underscoring its relevance in targeted myopia prevention strategies.
基金Supported by China Medical University Hospital,No.DMR-113-105.
文摘BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is the leading cause of blindness among working-age adults,with an increasing prevalence due to the global burden of diabetes.AIM To develop a polygenic risk score(PRS)to identify high-risk groups for DR and evaluate its severity in patients with type 2 diabetes(T2D).METHODS This population-based study included 13335 patients with T2D,comprising 7295 patients with DR and 6040 without DR.Genetic data,duration of DR diagnosis,body mass index,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,and glycated hemoglobin A1c levels were obtained from the study population.The PRS was constructed from a genome-wide association study conducted in a Taiwan region of China Han population.Electronic medical records were used to track patients with T2D and analyze the associations between PRS,timing of DR diagnosis,and therapeutic interventions.The hazard ratio(HR)of PRS for DR development and severity was estimated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression.RESULTS The results demonstrated that patients with T2D in the top PRS decile had a 1.21-fold greater risk of developing DR[HR=1.21;95%confidence interval(CI):1.01-1.45;P=0.041]over a 20-year follow-up period.Among patients with DR,those in the highest PRS decile exhibited a 4.81-fold increased risk of requiring more than four laser treatments(HR=4.81;95%CI:1.40-16.5;P=0.012)and a 1.38-fold increased risk of undergoing vitreoretinal surgery(HR=1.38;95%CI:1.01-1.90;P=0.044).CONCLUSION Patients with T2D with a higher PRS are at increased risk of developing DR and may experience more severe forms of the disease.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1201802)the Shandong Key R&D Program,China(2022CXGC010607)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ZDRW202109)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP2017-ICS)the Subproject of the Major Project of Science and Technology in Shanxi Province,China(202201140601025-1-02)。
文摘Southern corn rust(SCR)is an airborne fungal disease caused by Puccinia polysora Underw.(P.polysora)that adversely impacts maize quality and yields worldwide.Screening for new elite SCR-resistant maize loci or genes has the potential to enhance overall resistance to this pathogen.Using phenotypic SCR resistance-related data collected over two years and three geographical environments,a genome-wide association study was carried out in this work,which eventually identified 91 loci that were substantially correlated with SCR susceptibility.These included 13 loci that were significant in at least three environments and overlapped with 74 candidate genes(B73_RefGen_v4).Comparative transcriptomic analyses were then performed to identify the genes related to SCR infection,with 2,586 and 797 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)ultimately being identified in the resistant Qi319and susceptible 8112 inbred lines following P.polysora infection,respectively,including 306 genes common to both lines.Subsequent integrative multi-omics investigations identified four potential candidate SCR response-related genes.One of these genes is ZmHCT9,which encodes the protein hydroxycinnamoyl transferase 9.This gene was up-regulated in susceptible inbred lines and linked to greater P.polysora resistance as confirmed through cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)-based virus induced-gene silencing(VIGS)system-mediated gene silencing.These data provide important insights into the genetic basis of the maize SCR response.They will be useful for for future research on potential genes related to SCR resistance in maize.
文摘Background:Previous studies have suggested that allergic diseases and cancer development are inversely correlated.However,the association between allergic disease biomarkers and the risk of hepatocellular carci-noma(HCC)has not been thoroughly investigated.Objective:This study aimed to investigate the association between biomarkers of allergic diseases and HCC by performing a Mendelian randomization study.Methods:An analysis was performed on the following data from a genome-wide association study(GWAS):eosinophil count(n=172,275 samples),basophil count(n=11,502),IL-4(n=8124),IL-5(n=3364),IL-10(n=7681),IL-13(n=3557),tIgE(n=1000),TGF-β(n=982),and HCC cases(n=197,611).The inverse-variance weighted(IVW)approach was used for the principal analysis,complemented by MR-Egger,weighted median,simple mode,and weighted mode analyses.Results:The results of the IVW method indicated that genetically predicted eosinophils were significantly asso-ciated with a decreased risk of HCC(odds ratio[OR]=0.80;95%CI:0.65-0.97;p=0.03).The results of the IVW analysis revealed a significant association between elevated levels of IL-4 and decreased risk of HCC(OR=0.64;95%CI:0.43-0.95;p=0.03).Furthermore,all p-values calculated in the MR-Egger intercept test were greater than 0.05,indicating the absence of instrumental variables in horizontal pleiotropy.Conclusion:Eosinophil and IL-4 levels were associated with a decreased risk of HCC,suggesting a possible pro-tective effect of allergic diseases against the risk of HCC.These findings provide new insights into the etiology,diagnosis,and treatment of HCC.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U20A2032)the Agro ST Project(Grant No.NK2022050102)the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.323MS066)。
文摘Rice cooking and eating qualities(CEQ)are mainly determined by cooked rice textural parameters and starch physicochemical properties.However,the genetic bases of grain texture and starch properties in rice have not been fully understood.We conducted a genome-wide association study for apparent amylose content(AAC),starch pasting viscosities,and cooked rice textural parameters using 279 indica rice accessions from the 3000 Rice Genome Project.We identified 26 QTLs in the whole population and detected single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)with the lowest P-value at the Waxy(Wx)locus for all traits except pasting temperature and cohesiveness.Additionally,we detected significant SNPs at the SUBSTANDARD STARCH GRAIN6(SSG6)locus for AAC,setback(SB),hardness,adhesiveness,chewiness(CHEW),gumminess(GUM),and resilience.We subsequently divided the population using a SNP adjacent to the Waxy locus,and identified 23 QTLs and 12 QTLs in two sub-panels,WxT and WxA,respectively.In these sub-panels,SSG6 was also identified to be associated with pasting parameters,including peak viscosity,hot paste viscosity,cold paste viscosity,and consistency viscosity.Furthermore,a candidate gene encoding monosaccharide transporter 5(OsMST5)was identified to be associated with AAC,breakdown,SB,CHEW,and GUM.In total,39 QTLs were co-localized with known genes or previously reported QTLs.These identified genes and QTLs provide valuable information for genetic manipulation to improve rice CEQ.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.82374229 and 82172839).
文摘Background:Both eczema and tumor are associated with immune disorders.Although several investigations have observed the rela-tionship between eczema and certain cancers,evidence for causality is lacking.Methods:We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)study to examine and explore the genetic association between eczema and pan-cancers.Upon satisfying the three core assumptions of MR,we analyzed the causality between eczema and 15 site-specific cancers utilizing an inverse variance weighted method.We verified the results through a series of sensitivity and reverse direction analyses.The exposure and outcome datasets were substituted from the FinnGen and genome-wide association studies catalog data-bases.A meta-analysis on primary and validation analyses was performed to combine the estimates of MR study.Results:Based on the MR analysis results,eczema was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer(odds ratio[OR]=1.0427,95%confidence interval[CI]=1.0082–1.0783,P=0.0148)and brain cancer(OR=1.0285,95%CI=1.0120–1.0452,P=0.0007)and de-creased risk of colorectal cancer(OR=0.9324,95%CI=0.8774–0.9909,P=0.0242)and malignant neoplasm of the kidney(OR=0.9323,95%CI=0.8834–0.9839,P=0.0108).The sensitivity analysis indicated that the results were stable and reliable,and the reverse MR analyses demonstrated no causation between the cancers of interest and eczema.Conclusions:Our results identified eczema as a genetic risk factor for lung and brain cancer and a protective factor for colorectal cancer and malignant neoplasm of the kidney.No connection was observed between eczema and other cancers.Further evidence from epide-miological and mechanistic studies is needed to elucidate these findings in detail.
文摘To explore the possible explanation of the marked difference in the incidence of breast cancer between Chinese and Australian women, the authors have compared and analysed the results of two case-control studies completed recently in Tianjin, China and Adelaide, Australia. Of 10 known risk factors for breast cancer 9 were significantly higher in level in Adelaide women than in Tianjin women, i.e., women in Adelaide were much taller, heavier, more obese, earlier at menarche, later at first full-term pregnancy, more nulliparous, less parity, more in history of breast cancer in first degree relatives, more educated. From the 7 risk factors analysed by use of logistic regression model 5 factors, i.e., earlier age at menarche, later age at first full-term pregnancy, less parity, history of benign disease, and history of breast cancer in first degree relatives, were associated significantly with the increased risk for breast cancer in the Tianjin study, but not in Adelaide study. These factors being not associated with breast cancer in Adelaide women were unexpected. The explanation of the indefinite findings in Adelaide study was due to the fact that the level of the risk factor is universally high, relatively uniform and lack of categories. The difference in the risk factor distribution between cases and controle would not be seen in case-control studies, and significance of the risk factor therefore may not be found. According to data on diet survey in these two cities, the calories from fat was significantly higher in Adelaide women than in Tianjin women. The marked difference in incidence in women in the two cities resulted from the summing-up effect of a number of factors. The important role of fat intake in geographical incidence difference and in the development of breast cancer was also discussed.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41390240 and 41571130010)the 111 Project(B14001)
文摘For lifetime non-smokers, lung cancer risk is mainly associated with inhalation exposure to air pollution. For the Chinese population, indoor air pollution due to solid fuel combustion has been the primary source of inhalation exposure for decades. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） are the by-products of incomplete combustion.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2024JJ6609)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZC20233180).
文摘AIM:To assess the causal link between 211 gut microbiota(GM)taxa and dry age-related macular degeneration(dAMD)risk.METHODS:Mendelian randomization using instrumental factors taken from a genome-wide association study(GWAS)were used.Inverse variance weighted(IVW)analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed on the FinnGen project,which included 5095 cases and 222590 controls.RESULTS:The IVW analysis showed substantial genusand family-level relationships between GM taxa and dAMD risk.Specifically,the family Peptococcaceae(P=0.03),genus Bilophila(P=3.91×10^(-3)),genus Faecalibacterium(P=6.55×10^(-3)),and genus Roseburia(P=0.04)were linked to a higher risk of developing dAMD,while the genus Candidatus Soleaferrea(P=7.75×10^(-4)),genus Desulfovibrio(P=0.04)and genus Eubacterium ventriosum group(P=0.04)exhibited a protective effect against dAMD.No significant causal relationships were observed at higher taxonomic levels.Additionally,in the reverse IVW analysis,no meaningful causal effects of the 7 GM taxa.CONCLUSION:These findings give support for the gutretina axis participation in dAMD and shed light on putative underlying processes.Investigations on the connection between GM and dAMD have not yet revealed the underlying mechanism.
基金supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2021YFA0804803 and 2022YFA1104204)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82421001,82230014,81930007,81470389,81500221,81930012,and 82241027)+5 种基金the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(81625002)Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(2022JC013,2023ZZ02021,and GWVI-11.1-26)Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(SHSMU-ZDCX20210700)Shanghai Hospital Development Center(SHDC12022102)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(22JC1402100 and 22DZ2292400)the Major Project of Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Open Competition 2021JC0002).
文摘Background:Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule(PECAM-1)is present in the vascular endothelium and plays important roles in various biological processes.Several recent studies have reported associations between PECAM-1 and certain subtypes of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs).However,further research is necessary to clarify the causal effects of PECAM-1 on CVDs.To determine whether PECAM-1 and CVDs are causally associated,we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization(TSMR)study.Methods:Single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)associated with PECAM-1 were used as instrumental variants(IVs)to estimate the causal effects of PECAM-1 on CVDs.Six SNPs were included in our TSMR study.The inverse-variance weighted(IVW)method was applied in the primary analysis.To confirm the initial results,we conducted several complementary analyses and pleiotropy analyses.Results:In the IVW analysis,higher genetically predicted PECAM-1 levels were associated with lower risk of coronary artery disease(CAD)(OR,0.835;CI,0.757–0.92;P=3×10-4)and myocardial infarction(MI)(OR,0.79;CI,0.709–0.881;P=2.03×10-5).Conclusions:The findings confirmed that elevated PECAM-1 levels may decrease the risk of CAD and MI.These results confirm the causal effect of PECAM-1 on CVDs and may facilitate further investigation of the mechanism of PECAM-1 in CVD pathogenesis.
基金supported by 2021 Construction project of key disciplines of Traditional Chinese Medicine(clinical)in Guangdong Province([2021]No.129)2020 Foshan City’s‘14th Five-Year’key specialized projects of traditional Chinese medicine(No.15).Foshan self-financing science and technology plan project(2320001009048).
文摘Background:The relationship between tea intake(TI)and sleep disorders(SDs)has been a topic of interest for some time,but there remains a lack of data showing a causal relationship.We aimed to use a two-sample Mendelian randomization study to determine whether there is a causal link between TI and SDs.Methods:We collected data regarding TI,with a focus on green tea intake(GTI),herbal tea intake(HTI),and rooibos tea intake(RTI);and data regarding SDs and insomnia from genome-wide association studies.We analyzed these data using an inverse variance-weighted two-sample Mendelian randomization study,by means of the TwoSampleMR package in R4.2.3 software.Results:We found no genetic causal relationships of TI,GTI,HTI,or RTI with insomnia.The odds ratios(ORs)for these relationships were as follows:TI:OR=0.61,95%confidence interval(CI):0.29–1.28;GTI:OR=1.04,95%CI:0.95–1.14;HTI:OR=0.98,95%CI:0.82–1.17;and RTI:OR=1.04,95%CI:0.99–1.09.In addition,there were no genetic causal relationships of TI,GTI,HTI,or RTI with SDs.The OR values for these relationships were as follows:TI:OR=0.6,95%CI:0.34–1.06;GTI:OR=1,95%CI:0.93–1.07;HTI:OR=0.89,95%CI:0.66–1.2;and RTI:OR=1.02,95%CI:0.98–1.06.Conclusion:We found no causal relationships of TI with SDs or insomnia,irrespective of the type of tea consumed.However,additional Mendelian randomization studies are required to further explore the relationships of the timing and quantity of tea consumption with SDs and insomnia.
文摘To explore the treatment methods for scapular fractures associated with clavicle fractures.Methods Of 23 cases with scapular fractures associated with clavicle fractures,13 treated conservatively took the function exercise of shoulder joint after two months and 10 treated with open reduction and plate fixation reconstruction began the function exercise of shoulder joint four weeks after operation.The follow up averaged 12 months.Results All patients were healed up.18 cases were followed up,of them 8 cases were treated surgically,10 cases,conservatively.Of eight cases treated surgically,seven got excellent functional recovery of the shoulder joint and one satisfactory.In the meantime,of 10 cases treated conservatively,the recovery of shoulder joint was excellent in six,good in three and poor in one.Conclusion As for scapular fractures with associated clavicle fractures,open reduction and plate fixation reconstruction is a good treatment method for it can keep the stability and the balance of shoulder joint and is helpful for early functional exercise and recovery of the shoulder joint.7 refs,5 figs.
基金Supported by The United States Department of Defense Breast Cancer Research Program,No.BC190820the National Institutes of Health,No.R01ES031322.
文摘Identifying the factors that contribute to individual susceptibility to cancer is essential for both prevention and treatment.The advancement of biotechnologies,particularly next-generation sequencing,has accelerated the discovery of genetic variants linked to cancer susceptibility.While hundreds of cancer-susceptibility genes have been identified,they only explain a small fraction of the overall cancer risk,a phenomenon known as"missing heritability".Despite progress,even considering factors such as epistasis,epigenetics,and gene-environment interactions,the missing heritability remains unresolved.Recent research has revealed that an individual's microbiome composition plays a significant role in cancer susceptibility through several mechanisms,such as modulating immune cell activity and influencing the presence or removal of environmental carcinogens.In this review,we examine the multifaceted roles of the microbiome in cancer risk and explore gene-microbiome and environment-microbiome interactions that may contribute to cancer susceptibility.Additionally,we highlight the importance of experimental models,such as collaborative cross mice,and advanced analytical tools,like artificial intelligence,in identifying microbial factors associated with cancer risk.Understanding these microbial determinants can open new avenues for interventions aimed at reducing cancer risk and guide the development of more effective cancer treatments.
