Passiflora incarnata L.,commonly known as passionflower,is traditionally cultivated as an ornamental plant but has demonstrated diverse therapeutic potential.Its pharmacological effects are attributed to bioactive com...Passiflora incarnata L.,commonly known as passionflower,is traditionally cultivated as an ornamental plant but has demonstrated diverse therapeutic potential.Its pharmacological effects are attributed to bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and alkaloids,which influence multiple biological pathways.This review aims to summarise and critically analyse recent findings on the pharmacological properties of Passiflora incarnata L.,focusing on its neuropsychiatric,antioxidant,antimicrobial,and anticancer activities.A targeted literature search was conducted in PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed publications between 2000 to 2025.Relevant articles were screened,and a more appropriate article related to the objective of the review was selected.Some classical papers are also cited as per the requirement of the topic.Passiflora incarnata L.showed multifunctional medicinal properties with various applications in neuropsychiatry,oxidative stress management,antimicrobial agent,and as an anticancer agent.The U.S.Food and Drug Administration categorizes passionflower extracts as“generally recognized as safe”.However,most evidence remains preclinical,with methodological variation limiting generalisation.Standardised formulation,robust clinical trials,and in-depth in vivo studies are essential to establish its therapeutic relevance and safety in modern medicine.展开更多
BACKGROUND Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy(OPAT)offers a crucial method for administering intravenous/intramuscular antimicrobials outside of hospital settings,allowing patients to complete treatment safel...BACKGROUND Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy(OPAT)offers a crucial method for administering intravenous/intramuscular antimicrobials outside of hospital settings,allowing patients to complete treatment safely while avoiding many hospital-acquired complications.This is a major boost or low-hanging fruit intervention in antimicrobial stewardship practices with multiple targets like decreasing hospital stays,its related complications,the economy,the burden on hospitals,etc.However,resource-constrained countries like India practices rarely OPAT in an evidence-based way.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness,safety,and feasibility along with barriers and facilitators of OPAT practices in resource-poor settings,with a focus on its role in antimicrobial stewardship.METHODS This pilot longitudinal observational study included patients who met OPAT checklist criteria and were committed to post-discharge follow-up.Pre-discharge education and counselling were provided,and demographic data were recorded.Various outcome measures,including barriers and facilitators,were identified through an extensive literature review,fishbone diagram preparation,data collection and analysis,and patient feedback.All healthcare workers who were taking care of the patients discharged with OPAT were contacted with openended questions to get data on feasibility.The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of All India Institute of Medical Sciences,Rishikesh.We used descriptive analysis and theχ2 test to analyze data.P value<0.05 was considered significant.RESULTS Out of 20 patients,the mean age was 37 years.The cohort comprised 13 males.OPAT was administered at home in 15 cases and at nursing homes in 5 cases,with nine patients receiving treatment from family members and 11 patients receiving care from a local nurse.The infections requiring OPAT included:Kidney-urinary tract(6 cases),gastrointestinal tract(4 cases),respiratory tract(4 cases),meningitis(3 cases),endocarditis(2 cases),and multiple visceral abscesses(1 case).Nineteen out of 20 patients achieved afebrile status.Half of the patients did not receive education,counselling,or demonstrations prior to discharge,but all patients rated the service as good/excellent.According to doctors’feedback,OPAT is highly beneficial and effective for patients when systematically implemented with daily telephonic monitoring,but faces challenges due to the lack of standardized protocols,dedicated teams,and adequate resources.The implementation of OPAT resulted in a reduction of hospitalization duration by an average of two weeks.CONCLUSION This pilot study proves that OPAT is safe,feasible,and efficacious by reducing two weeks of hospitalization in resource-poor settings.OPAT contributes directly to antimicrobial stewardship by reducing hospital stays and hospital-acquired complications,which is vital in combating antimicrobial resistance(AMR)and aligns with the global action plan for AMR in infection prevention and optimal antimicrobial utilization.展开更多
BACKGROUND In the absence of effective antimicrobials,transplant surgery is not viable,and antirejection immunosuppressants cannot be administered,as resistant infections compromise the life-saving goal of organ trans...BACKGROUND In the absence of effective antimicrobials,transplant surgery is not viable,and antirejection immunosuppressants cannot be administered,as resistant infections compromise the life-saving goal of organ transplantation.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobials in preventing resistance in solid organ transplant recipients.METHODS A systematic review was conducted using a search methodology consistent with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses.This review included randomized clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy of antimicrobial agents(prophylactic or therapeutic)aimed at preventing antimicrobial resistance.The search strategy involved analyzing multiple databases,including PubMed/MEDLINE,Web of Science,Embase,Scopus,and SciELO,as well as examining gray literature sources on Google Scholar.A comprehensive electronic database search was conducted from the databases’inception until May 2024,with no language restrictions.RESULTS After the final phase of the eligibility assessment,this systematic review ultimate-ly included 7 articles.A total of 2318 patients were studied.The most studied microorganisms were cytomegalovirus,although vancomycinresistant enterococci,Clostridioides difficile,and multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales were also analyzed.The antimicrobials used in the interventions were mainly maribavir,valganciclovir,gancic-lovir,and colistin-neomycin.Of concern,all clinical trials showed significant proportions of resistant microorga-nisms after the interventions,with no statistically significant differences between the groups(mean resistance 13.47%vs 14.39%),except for two studies that demonstrated greater efficacy of maribavir and valganciclovir(mean resistance 22.2%vs 41.1%in the control group;P<0.05).The total reported deaths in three clinical trials were 75,and there were 24 graft rejections in two studies.CONCLUSION All clinical trials reported significant proportions of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms following interventions.More high-quality randomized clinical trials are needed to corroborate these results.展开更多
Bacterial infections have always been a major threat to human health.Skin wounds are frequently exposed to the external environment,and they may become contaminated by bacteria derived from the surrounding skin,the lo...Bacterial infections have always been a major threat to human health.Skin wounds are frequently exposed to the external environment,and they may become contaminated by bacteria derived from the surrounding skin,the local environment,and the patient’s own endogenous sources.Contaminated wounds may enter a state of chronic inflammation that impedes healing.Urgent development of antibacterial wound dressings capable of effectively combating bacteria and overcoming resistance is necessary.Nanotechnology and nanomaterials present promising potential as innovative strategies for antimicrobial wound dressings,owing to their robust antibacterial characteristics and the inherent advantage of avoiding antibiotic resistance.Therefore,this review provides a concise overview of the antimicrobial mechanisms exhibited by low-dimensional nanomaterials.It further categorizes common low-dimensional antimicrobial nanomaterials into zero-dimensional(0D),one-dimensional(1D)and two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterials based on their structural characteristics,and gives a detailed compendium of the latest research advances and applications of different low-dimensional antimicrobial nanomaterials in wound healing,which could be helpful for the development of more effective wound dressings.展开更多
[Objective] The study was to explore whether antimicrobial activity of the antimicrobial peptides extracted from immunized Tenebrio molitor varied with different pathogens as inducers.[Method]By inducing T.molitor hun...[Objective] The study was to explore whether antimicrobial activity of the antimicrobial peptides extracted from immunized Tenebrio molitor varied with different pathogens as inducers.[Method]By inducing T.molitor hungry larvaes to generate immune response via feeding with bacteria and with fungi or actinomycete post to pricking,the antimicrobial peptides extracts were obtained by grinding and centrifuging the cultures.Its antimicrobial activity against 26 pathogens was measured by bacteriostatic ring,and evaluated by trisection to four types and inhibitory spectrum.[Result]Both the antimicrobial activity and antimicrobial spectrum of the antimicrobial peptides extracts varied remarkably among different pathogens as inducers.[Conclusion]Bio-control used strains have obvious advantage in inducing the insect to express body fluid immunity material-antimicrobial peptides.展开更多
Background Broiler chickens are most vulnerable immediately after hatching due to their immature immune systems,making them susceptible to infectious diseases.The yolk plays an important role in early immune defence b...Background Broiler chickens are most vulnerable immediately after hatching due to their immature immune systems,making them susceptible to infectious diseases.The yolk plays an important role in early immune defence by showing relevant antioxidant and passive immunity capabilities during broiler embryonic development.The immunomodulatory effects of phytogenic compound carvacrol have been widely reported.After in ovo delivery in the amniotic fluid during embryonic development carvacrol is known to migrate to the yolk sac.However,it is unknown whether carvacrol in the yolk could enhance defence responsiveness in the yolk sac.Therefore,the aim of this study was to improve early immune function in chicken embryos,and it was hypothesized that in ovo delivery of carvacrol would result in immunomodulatory effects in the yolk sac,potentially improving post-hatch resilience.Methods On embryonic day(E)17.5,either a saline(control)or carvacrol solution was injected into the amniotic fluid.Yolk sac tissue samples were collected at E19.5,and transcriptomic analyses using RNA sequencing were performed,following functional enrichment analyses comparing the control(saline)and carvacrol-injected groups.Results The results showed that 268 genes were upregulated and 174 downregulated in the carvacrol group compared to the control(P<0.05;logFC<-0.5 or log FC>0.5).Functional analyses of these differentially expressed genes,using KEGG,REACTOME,and Gene Ontology databases,showed enrichment of several immune-related pathways.This included the pathways‘Antimicrobial peptides’(P=0.001)and‘Chemoattractant activity’(P=0.004),amongst others.Moreover,the‘NOD-like receptor signaling’pathway was enriched(P=0.002).Antimicrobial peptides are part of the innate immune defence and are amongst the molecules produced after the nucleotide oligomeriza-tion domain(NOD)-like receptor pathway activation.While these responses may be associated with an inflammatory reaction to an exogenous threat,they could also indicate that in ovo delivery of carvacrol could prepare the newly hatched chick against bacterial pathogens by potentially promoting antimicrobial peptide production through acti-vation of NOD-like receptor signaling in the yolk sac.Conclusion In conclusion,these findings suggest that in ovo delivery of carvacrol has the potential to enhance anti-pathogenic and pro-inflammatory responses in the yolk sac via upregulation of antimicrobial peptides,and NOD-like receptor pathways.展开更多
Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health threat,and the World Health Organization(WHO)has announced a priority list of the most threatening pathogens against which novel antibiotics need to be developed.The ...Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health threat,and the World Health Organization(WHO)has announced a priority list of the most threatening pathogens against which novel antibiotics need to be developed.The discovery and introduction of novel antibiotics are time-consuming and expensive.According to WHO’s report of antibacterial agents in clinical development,only 18 novel antibiotics have been approved since 2014.Therefore,novel antibiotics are critically needed.Artificial intelligence(AI)has been rapidly applied to drug development since its recent technical breakthrough and has dramatically improved the efficiency of the discovery of novel antibiotics.Here,we first summarized recently marketed novel antibiotics,and antibiotic candidates in clinical development.In addition,we systematically reviewed the involvement of AI in antibacterial drug development and utilization,including small molecules,antimicrobial peptides,phage therapy,essential oils,as well as resistance mechanism prediction,and antibiotic stewardship.展开更多
Natural antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)are promising candidates for the development of a new generation of antimicrobials to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens.They have found extensive applications in the fields of m...Natural antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)are promising candidates for the development of a new generation of antimicrobials to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens.They have found extensive applications in the fields of medicine,food,and agriculture.However,efficiently screening AMPs from natural sources poses several challenges,including low efficiency and high antibiotic resistance.This review focuses on the action mechanisms of AMPs,both through membrane and non-membrane routes.We thoroughly examine various highly efficient AMP screening methods,including whole-bacterial adsorption binding,cell membrane chromatography(CMC),phospholipid membrane chromatography binding,membranemediated capillary electrophoresis(CE),colorimetric assays,thin layer chromatography(TLC),fluorescence-based screening,genetic sequencing-based analysis,computational mining of AMP databases,and virtual screening methods.Additionally,we discuss potential developmental applications for enhancing the efficiency of AMP discovery.This review provides a comprehensive framework for identifying AMPs within complex natural product systems.展开更多
As a rich source of bioactive compounds,plant-derived natural products hold immense promise for pharmaceutical research and development,offering a path to discovering new drug targets and innovative treatments.Sonchus...As a rich source of bioactive compounds,plant-derived natural products hold immense promise for pharmaceutical research and development,offering a path to discovering new drug targets and innovative treatments.Sonchus species,commonly known as sow thistles,are widely distributed across various geographical regions.Several common species within this plant group have a long history of use in traditional medicine,which can be attributed to their diverse therapeutic benefits.Recently,these plants have gained attention for their potential in antimicrobial therapy,owing to their rich phytochemical profile,including sesquiterpene,flavonoids,and phenolic acids with known antimicrobial activities.Currently,available pharmacological studies demonstrate that Sonchus species extracts possess antimicrobial properties,highlighting their potential as sources for new therapeutic agents.This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the antibacterial,antifungal,antiparasitic,and antiviral activities of the Sonchus species,along with its possible mechanisms of action.The review aims to provide directions for future research and promote the exploration of these plants as viable sources of natural antimicrobial agents,potentially contributing to the development of alternative therapeutic strategies in the face of rising antibiotic resistance.展开更多
The main objective of the study was to prepare a highly active antimicrobial remedy by combining active agents such as tannic acid and silver nanoparticles,which are usually used separately.This was achieved by applyi...The main objective of the study was to prepare a highly active antimicrobial remedy by combining active agents such as tannic acid and silver nanoparticles,which are usually used separately.This was achieved by applying a coating of 11 alternating layers of an insoluble complex of tannic acid with polyvinyl alcohol on paper by the layerby-layer approach,on the surface of which uniformly distributed spherical silver nanoparticles of uniform size,mainly 20–30 nm,were synthesized by in situ reduction using tannic acid,which also acts as a stabilizer,or an external reducing agent,which prevented polyphenol oxidation.This gave an insight into which form-oxidized or reduced-ismore active against microorganisms.It was shown that sterilization was not required after the coating of the paper with tannic acid and silver nanoparticles.When combined,their activity against the studied bacteria-gram-negative Escherichia coli and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus,as well as yeast Candida albicans was higher and lasting up to 7 days than when tannic acid and silver nanoparticles were used separately,indicating possible synergism in their action.展开更多
Pimpinella anisum,commonly known as anise,is generally used in both folk medicine and the culinary world.In traditional medicine,it is valued for its digestive,respiratory,and antispasmodic properties.This study aims ...Pimpinella anisum,commonly known as anise,is generally used in both folk medicine and the culinary world.In traditional medicine,it is valued for its digestive,respiratory,and antispasmodic properties.This study aims to examine the volatile compounds and antibacterial effect of P.anisum essential oil(PAEO)as well as for the first time its genotoxicity employing both in vitro and computational approaches.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)analysis identified anethole as the principal compound,which comprises 92.47%of PAEO.PAEO was tested for its potential antibacterial properties against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633,Listeria innocua ATCC 33090,Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213,Klebsiella aerogenes ATCC 13048,and a clinical strain of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi.PAEO displayed noteworthy antibacterial action toward all tested bacteria,especially Staphylococcus aureus,with an inhibition zone of 21.43±0.87 mm,as determined by the disc-diffusion test.Varied between 0.0625%and 2%v/v,while the MBC values ranged from 0.125%to 8%v/v,reflecting the strength of the tested EO.The MBC/MIC ratios indicated the bactericidal nature of PAEO.The results of molecular docking revealed strong binding interactions between key PAEO molecules and microbial target proteins.ADMET(Absorption,Distribution,Metabolism,Excretion,and Toxicity)analysis confirmed favorable pharmacokinetic properties,indicating its potential as a safe therapeutic agent.Additionally,genotoxicity was assessed using the comet assay,which demonstrated minimal genotoxic risk,affirming the oil’s safety.These results highlight the promising antimicrobial properties of PAEO and its possible use as an active agent in the pharmacy,food,and cosmetic sectors.展开更多
BACKGROUND The optimal duration of antimicrobial treatment for acute cholangitis complicated by gram-positive coccus(GPC)bacteremia remains unclear.The Tokyo Guidelines 2018 recommended 14 days of antimicrobial treatm...BACKGROUND The optimal duration of antimicrobial treatment for acute cholangitis complicated by gram-positive coccus(GPC)bacteremia remains unclear.The Tokyo Guidelines 2018 recommended 14 days of antimicrobial treatment following adequate source control measures;however,evidence supporting this recommendation is limited,and deviations from real-world practice are often observed.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of shorter antimicrobial treatments for acute cholangitis complicated by GPC bacteremia.METHODS Adult patients with acute cholangitis complicated by GPC bacteremia who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography between July 2003 and December 2023 were included.Patients were categorized into two groups based on the duration of effective antimicrobial treatment:(1)Short-course treatment(SCT)(<14 days);and(2)Long-course treatment(LCT)(≥14 days).The outcomes assessed included mortality,recurrence,reinfection with the same organism related to the cholangitis,and length of hospital stay.RESULTS A total of 44 patients were included in the study:(1)19 patients in the SCT group;and(2)25 patients in the LCT group.The median duration of antimicrobial treatment was 9 days[interquartile range(IQR):2.5-11.0 days]and 16 days(IQR:15.0-19.0 days)in the SCT and LCT groups,respectively,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).No significant differences were observed in 30-day mortality,cholangitis recurrence,or reinfection with the same organisms within 3 months.However,the length of hospital stay was shorter in the SCT group(median:12.0 days vs 14.0 days,P=0.092).CONCLUSION For acute cholangitis complicated by GPC bacteremia,shorter antimicrobial treatment may be a viable option following appropriate biliary drainage.Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted.展开更多
Thymus serpyllum L.,often known as wild thyme,has been used since ancient times due to its multifaceted culinary and medicinal attributes.It is usually utilized in folk medicine to manage different health issues.This ...Thymus serpyllum L.,often known as wild thyme,has been used since ancient times due to its multifaceted culinary and medicinal attributes.It is usually utilized in folk medicine to manage different health issues.This work aimed to investigate the chemical composition and biological characteristics of T.serpyllum essential oil(EO),including its antimicrobial,antioxidant,and anti-inflammatory capabilities.Moreover,we have prompted an in-silico simulation to reveal the underlying mode of action of these properties.The chemical characterization of T.serpyllum(EO)by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS)indicated sabinene(17.33%),terpinen-4-ol(11.73%),phellandral(13.18%),and thymol(10.54%)as main components.The antimicrobial screening utilized the disc-diffusion technique,MIC,and MBC assays.The disc-diffusion test’s results revealed significant anti-Candida activity and notable antibacterial efficacy.The MIC and MBC tests showed that T.serpyllum EO effectively stops bacterial growth,including Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains and Candida strains.The tolerance level ratio demonstrated that this EO exhibits bactericidal and fungicidal effects on all tested bacteria and Candida strains.Also,T.serpyllum EO presented effective inhibitory activity against the 5-lipoxygenase(5-LOX)enzyme(IC50=744.19±0.1µg/mL)(p<0.05).It also effectively affected FRAP,β-carotene,DPPH,and ABTS radicals.In light of these findings,T.serpyllum holds promise for diverse applications across pharmaceuticals,nutraceuticals,and the food industry.However,further research and collaboration between traditional knowledge and modern medicine are crucial to fully realizing its potential benefits in these fields.展开更多
Centaurium erythraea Rafn(“Gosset El Haya”)has long been prized in North African folk medicine,yet Moroccan chemobiological data remain scarce.Ethanol extracts of northern Moroccan aerial parts were profiled by high...Centaurium erythraea Rafn(“Gosset El Haya”)has long been prized in North African folk medicine,yet Moroccan chemobiological data remain scarce.Ethanol extracts of northern Moroccan aerial parts were profiled by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and found rich in phenolics,dominated by 4-hydroxybenzoic acid(57.8%)and naringin(10.3%).The extract exhibited strong antioxidant power in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)radical-scavenging assay,with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))of≈74μg mL^(−1),and a total antioxidant capacity(TAC)of≈201μg mL^(−1)and selective antimicrobial activity,sharply inhibiting Aspergillus niger,Penicillium digitatum,and Rhodotorula glutinis while sparing Staphylococcus aureus.In-silico absorption,distribution,metabolism,excretion,and toxicity(ADMET)profiling predicted good oral bioavailability for low-molecular-weight acids and aglycones,lowtoxicity across all metabolites,but absorption liabilities for bulky glycosides.Molecular docking against A.niger esterase(1UKC),C.glabrata lanosterol 14-α-demethylase CYP51(5JLC),and P.digitatum ethyleneforming oxidoreductase(9EIR)corroborated bioassays:rutin and naringin bound more tightly than fluconazole(ΔG≈−9.1 to−10.0 kcal mol^(−1)),whereas quercetin and catechin offered balanced affinity pharmacokinetic profiles.Robust radical scavenging,targeted antifungal potency,and favorable in-silico pharmacokinetics thus position Moroccan C.erythraea as a promising,though standardization-dependent,source of nutraceutical,medicinal,and food-preservation agents.These results support the valorisation of Centaurium erythraea as a promising source for health promotion and green technology applications through its antioxidant,antimicrobial,and drug-like properties.展开更多
In this study,hydrophobically modified phytoglycogen and hydrolyzed zein were utilized to develop biodegradable and redispersible nanocomplexes for encapsulation of various bioactive phytochemicals,including eugenol,t...In this study,hydrophobically modified phytoglycogen and hydrolyzed zein were utilized to develop biodegradable and redispersible nanocomplexes for encapsulation of various bioactive phytochemicals,including eugenol,thymol,carvacrol,trans-cinnamaldehyde,and their mixtures.Comprehensive physicochemical and colloidal characterizations of these nanocomplexes were performed using dynamic light scattering,and Fourier transform infrared and atomic force microscopy,which evaluated their colloidal stability and redispersibility after freeze-drying.In addition,the antioxidant capacities and antimicrobial activities of these various nanoparticles were investigated methodically.The results revealed that the phytochemical-encapsulated nanocomplexes exhibited a particle size ranging from 60 to 70 nm,display-ing a uniform distribution.Additionally,these nanocomplexes demonstrated sustained morphological and colloidal stability over 30-day storage,and after freeze-drying and subsequent redispersion processing.Furthermore,significant improvements in antioxidant and antimicrobial properties in the aqueous phase were observed.These redispersible nanocomplexes from phytoglycogen and zein hold the promising potential to address the limitations and offer practical solutions for expanding their applications in the pharmaceutical and food fields.展开更多
The One Health concept acknowledges the importance of multiple dimensions in controlling antimicrobial resistance(AMR).However,our understanding of how anthropological,socioeconomic,and environmental factors drive AMR...The One Health concept acknowledges the importance of multiple dimensions in controlling antimicrobial resistance(AMR).However,our understanding of how anthropological,socioeconomic,and environmental factors drive AMR at a national level remains limited.To explore associations between potential contributing factors and AMR,this study analyzed an extensive database comprising 13 major antibioticresistant bacteria and over 30 predictors(e.g.,air pollution,antibiotic usage,economy,husbandry,public services,health services,education,diet,climate,and population)from 2014 to 2020 across China.The multivariate analysis results indicate that fine particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less(PM_(2.5))is associated with AMR,accounting for 12%of the variation,followed by residents’income(10.3%)and antibiotic usage density(5.1%).A reduction in PM_(2.5)of 1 μg·m^(-3)is linked to a 0.17%decrease in aggregate antibiotic resistance(p<0.001,R^(2)=0.74).Under different scenarios of China’s PM_(2.5)airquality projections,we further estimated the premature death toll and economic burden derived from PM_(2.5)-related antibiotic resistance in China until 2060.PM_(2.5)-derived AMR is estimated to cause approximately 27000(95%confidence interval(CI):646848830)premature deaths and about 0.51(95%CI;0.12-0.92)million years of life lost annually in China,equivalent to an annual welfare loss of 8.4(95%CI;2.0-15.0)billion USD.Implementing the“Ambitious Pollution 1.5℃ Goals”scenario to reduce PM_(2.5)concentrations could prevent roughly 14000(95%CI;3324-26320)premature deaths—with a potential monetary value of 9.8(95%CI;2.2-17.6)billion USD—from AMR by 2060.These results suggest that reducing air pollution may offer co-benefits in the health and economic sectors by mitigating AMR.展开更多
Background: The irrational use of medicines remains a key health problem in many developing countries. The overuse of antibiotics is a key driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study surveyed antibiotic use a...Background: The irrational use of medicines remains a key health problem in many developing countries. The overuse of antibiotics is a key driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study surveyed antibiotic use and adherence to the World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators at the Request Muntanga Hospital in the Kalomo District of Southern Province, Zambia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2023 to September 2023 at Request Muntanga Hospital in Zambia and reviewed 600 medical record prescriptions which were issued from July 1, 2022 to June 30, 2023 using the WHO prescribing indicators. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.0. Results: From the 600 prescriptions sampled, 1246 medicines were prescribed, with antibiotics making up 86.7% of the encounters. Additionally, the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 2.1 and the prevalence of polypharmacy was 61.3%. Further, 17.8% of medicines were prescribed as injectables. Furthermore, 76.7% of the drugs were prescribed from the Zambia Essential Medicines List and 38.9% by generic names. Conclusions: This study found a high use of antibiotics and deviations from the WHO/International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) core prescribing indicators at the Request Muntanga Hospital indicating non-adherence to the prescribing indicators. There is a need to promote adherence to the WHO/INRUD core prescribing indicators to promote the rational use of antibiotics and prevent the emergence and spread of AMR.展开更多
The previous studies mainly focused on improving microwave absorbing(MA)performances of MA materials.Even so,these designed MA materials were very difficult to be employed in complex and changing environments owing to...The previous studies mainly focused on improving microwave absorbing(MA)performances of MA materials.Even so,these designed MA materials were very difficult to be employed in complex and changing environments owing to their single-functionalities.Herein,a combined Prussian blue analogues derived and catalytical chemical vapor deposition strategy was proposed to produce hierarchical cubic sea urchin-like yolk–shell CoNi@Ndoped carbon(NC)-CoNi@carbon nanotubes(CNTs)mixed-dimensional multicomponent nanocomposites(MCNCs),which were composed of zerodimensional CoNi nanoparticles,three-dimensional NC nanocubes and onedimensional CNTs.Because of good impedance matching and attenuation characteristics,the designed CoNi@NC-CoNi@CNTs mixed-dimensional MCNCs exhibited excellent MA performances,which achieved a minimum reflection loss(RL_(min))of−71.70 dB at 2.78 mm and Radar Cross section value of−53.23 dB m^(2).More importantly,the acquired results demonstrated that CoNi@NC-CoNi@CNTs MCNCs presented excellent photothermal,antimicrobial and anti-corrosion properties owing to their hierarchical cubic sea urchin-like yolk–shell structure,highlighting their potential multifunctional applications.It could be seen that this finding not only presented a generalizable route to produce hierarchical cubic sea urchin-like yolk–shell magnetic NC-CNTs-based mixed-dimensional MCNCs,but also provided an effective strategy to develop multifunctional MCNCs and improve their environmental adaptabilities.展开更多
TEM and SHV are among the most prevalentβ-lactamases contributing toβ-lactam antibiotic resistance in clinical settings,leading to treatment challenges and increased mortality rates.Except for penicillin and early c...TEM and SHV are among the most prevalentβ-lactamases contributing toβ-lactam antibiotic resistance in clinical settings,leading to treatment challenges and increased mortality rates.Except for penicillin and early cephalosporins,TEM and SHV variants have evolved with the ability to hydrolyze the second-and third-generation cephalosporins,monobactams,and evenβ-lactamase inhibitors.Accurate detection ofβ-lactamases is of paramount importance for optimizing antibiotic use and combating antimicrobial resistance(AMR).While genetic detection methods,such as polymerase chain reaction(PCR),are widely employed,their positive results may lack phenotypic correlation due to the low or absent expression of blaSHV and blaTEM in many strains[1].Therefore,a direct protein-level detection method such as targeted proteomics is more precise and clinically relevant.This study highlights the development of a rapid detection method using targeted proteomics with high-resolution accurate mass(HRAM)Orbitrap MS for the direct detection of TEM and SHV in Enterobacteriaceae strains,which offers greater clinical relevance compared to conventional genetic approaches.展开更多
The rapid emergence of drug-resistant microbial pathogens has posed challenges to global health in the twenty-first century.This development has significantly made most antibiotics ineffective in the treatment of infe...The rapid emergence of drug-resistant microbial pathogens has posed challenges to global health in the twenty-first century.This development has significantly made most antibiotics ineffective in the treatment of infections they cause,resulting in increasing treatment costs and annual death rates.To address the challenge posed by these pathogens,we explore the potential of secondary metabolites from Aspergillus species as a source of new and effective therapeutic agents to treat drug-resistant infections.Terpenoids,a distinct group of natural products,are extensively distributed in plants and fungi,and have been attributed with significant antibacterial,anticancer,and antiviral activities.In this review,we present an overview of Aspergillus species,and review the novel terpenoids isolated from them from 2019 to April 2024,highlighting anti-infective activity against members of the ESKAPE pathogens.We further focus on the strategies through which the structural framework of these new terpenoids could be modified and/or optimized to feed a pipeline of new lead compounds targeting microbial pathogens.Overall,this review provides insight into the therapeutic applications of terpenoids sourced from Aspergillus species and the potential for the discovery of new compounds from these fungi to combat antimicrobial resistance.展开更多
文摘Passiflora incarnata L.,commonly known as passionflower,is traditionally cultivated as an ornamental plant but has demonstrated diverse therapeutic potential.Its pharmacological effects are attributed to bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and alkaloids,which influence multiple biological pathways.This review aims to summarise and critically analyse recent findings on the pharmacological properties of Passiflora incarnata L.,focusing on its neuropsychiatric,antioxidant,antimicrobial,and anticancer activities.A targeted literature search was conducted in PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed publications between 2000 to 2025.Relevant articles were screened,and a more appropriate article related to the objective of the review was selected.Some classical papers are also cited as per the requirement of the topic.Passiflora incarnata L.showed multifunctional medicinal properties with various applications in neuropsychiatry,oxidative stress management,antimicrobial agent,and as an anticancer agent.The U.S.Food and Drug Administration categorizes passionflower extracts as“generally recognized as safe”.However,most evidence remains preclinical,with methodological variation limiting generalisation.Standardised formulation,robust clinical trials,and in-depth in vivo studies are essential to establish its therapeutic relevance and safety in modern medicine.
文摘BACKGROUND Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy(OPAT)offers a crucial method for administering intravenous/intramuscular antimicrobials outside of hospital settings,allowing patients to complete treatment safely while avoiding many hospital-acquired complications.This is a major boost or low-hanging fruit intervention in antimicrobial stewardship practices with multiple targets like decreasing hospital stays,its related complications,the economy,the burden on hospitals,etc.However,resource-constrained countries like India practices rarely OPAT in an evidence-based way.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness,safety,and feasibility along with barriers and facilitators of OPAT practices in resource-poor settings,with a focus on its role in antimicrobial stewardship.METHODS This pilot longitudinal observational study included patients who met OPAT checklist criteria and were committed to post-discharge follow-up.Pre-discharge education and counselling were provided,and demographic data were recorded.Various outcome measures,including barriers and facilitators,were identified through an extensive literature review,fishbone diagram preparation,data collection and analysis,and patient feedback.All healthcare workers who were taking care of the patients discharged with OPAT were contacted with openended questions to get data on feasibility.The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of All India Institute of Medical Sciences,Rishikesh.We used descriptive analysis and theχ2 test to analyze data.P value<0.05 was considered significant.RESULTS Out of 20 patients,the mean age was 37 years.The cohort comprised 13 males.OPAT was administered at home in 15 cases and at nursing homes in 5 cases,with nine patients receiving treatment from family members and 11 patients receiving care from a local nurse.The infections requiring OPAT included:Kidney-urinary tract(6 cases),gastrointestinal tract(4 cases),respiratory tract(4 cases),meningitis(3 cases),endocarditis(2 cases),and multiple visceral abscesses(1 case).Nineteen out of 20 patients achieved afebrile status.Half of the patients did not receive education,counselling,or demonstrations prior to discharge,but all patients rated the service as good/excellent.According to doctors’feedback,OPAT is highly beneficial and effective for patients when systematically implemented with daily telephonic monitoring,but faces challenges due to the lack of standardized protocols,dedicated teams,and adequate resources.The implementation of OPAT resulted in a reduction of hospitalization duration by an average of two weeks.CONCLUSION This pilot study proves that OPAT is safe,feasible,and efficacious by reducing two weeks of hospitalization in resource-poor settings.OPAT contributes directly to antimicrobial stewardship by reducing hospital stays and hospital-acquired complications,which is vital in combating antimicrobial resistance(AMR)and aligns with the global action plan for AMR in infection prevention and optimal antimicrobial utilization.
文摘BACKGROUND In the absence of effective antimicrobials,transplant surgery is not viable,and antirejection immunosuppressants cannot be administered,as resistant infections compromise the life-saving goal of organ transplantation.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobials in preventing resistance in solid organ transplant recipients.METHODS A systematic review was conducted using a search methodology consistent with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses.This review included randomized clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy of antimicrobial agents(prophylactic or therapeutic)aimed at preventing antimicrobial resistance.The search strategy involved analyzing multiple databases,including PubMed/MEDLINE,Web of Science,Embase,Scopus,and SciELO,as well as examining gray literature sources on Google Scholar.A comprehensive electronic database search was conducted from the databases’inception until May 2024,with no language restrictions.RESULTS After the final phase of the eligibility assessment,this systematic review ultimate-ly included 7 articles.A total of 2318 patients were studied.The most studied microorganisms were cytomegalovirus,although vancomycinresistant enterococci,Clostridioides difficile,and multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales were also analyzed.The antimicrobials used in the interventions were mainly maribavir,valganciclovir,gancic-lovir,and colistin-neomycin.Of concern,all clinical trials showed significant proportions of resistant microorga-nisms after the interventions,with no statistically significant differences between the groups(mean resistance 13.47%vs 14.39%),except for two studies that demonstrated greater efficacy of maribavir and valganciclovir(mean resistance 22.2%vs 41.1%in the control group;P<0.05).The total reported deaths in three clinical trials were 75,and there were 24 graft rejections in two studies.CONCLUSION All clinical trials reported significant proportions of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms following interventions.More high-quality randomized clinical trials are needed to corroborate these results.
基金financially supportsed by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52173150)Guangzhou Science and Technology Program City-University Joint Funding Project(No.2023A03J0001)Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M723670).
文摘Bacterial infections have always been a major threat to human health.Skin wounds are frequently exposed to the external environment,and they may become contaminated by bacteria derived from the surrounding skin,the local environment,and the patient’s own endogenous sources.Contaminated wounds may enter a state of chronic inflammation that impedes healing.Urgent development of antibacterial wound dressings capable of effectively combating bacteria and overcoming resistance is necessary.Nanotechnology and nanomaterials present promising potential as innovative strategies for antimicrobial wound dressings,owing to their robust antibacterial characteristics and the inherent advantage of avoiding antibiotic resistance.Therefore,this review provides a concise overview of the antimicrobial mechanisms exhibited by low-dimensional nanomaterials.It further categorizes common low-dimensional antimicrobial nanomaterials into zero-dimensional(0D),one-dimensional(1D)and two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterials based on their structural characteristics,and gives a detailed compendium of the latest research advances and applications of different low-dimensional antimicrobial nanomaterials in wound healing,which could be helpful for the development of more effective wound dressings.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(C200700450)~~
文摘[Objective] The study was to explore whether antimicrobial activity of the antimicrobial peptides extracted from immunized Tenebrio molitor varied with different pathogens as inducers.[Method]By inducing T.molitor hungry larvaes to generate immune response via feeding with bacteria and with fungi or actinomycete post to pricking,the antimicrobial peptides extracts were obtained by grinding and centrifuging the cultures.Its antimicrobial activity against 26 pathogens was measured by bacteriostatic ring,and evaluated by trisection to four types and inhibitory spectrum.[Result]Both the antimicrobial activity and antimicrobial spectrum of the antimicrobial peptides extracts varied remarkably among different pathogens as inducers.[Conclusion]Bio-control used strains have obvious advantage in inducing the insect to express body fluid immunity material-antimicrobial peptides.
基金support by AgriFutures Australia’s Chicken Meat Program[grant number PRJ-011584]is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Background Broiler chickens are most vulnerable immediately after hatching due to their immature immune systems,making them susceptible to infectious diseases.The yolk plays an important role in early immune defence by showing relevant antioxidant and passive immunity capabilities during broiler embryonic development.The immunomodulatory effects of phytogenic compound carvacrol have been widely reported.After in ovo delivery in the amniotic fluid during embryonic development carvacrol is known to migrate to the yolk sac.However,it is unknown whether carvacrol in the yolk could enhance defence responsiveness in the yolk sac.Therefore,the aim of this study was to improve early immune function in chicken embryos,and it was hypothesized that in ovo delivery of carvacrol would result in immunomodulatory effects in the yolk sac,potentially improving post-hatch resilience.Methods On embryonic day(E)17.5,either a saline(control)or carvacrol solution was injected into the amniotic fluid.Yolk sac tissue samples were collected at E19.5,and transcriptomic analyses using RNA sequencing were performed,following functional enrichment analyses comparing the control(saline)and carvacrol-injected groups.Results The results showed that 268 genes were upregulated and 174 downregulated in the carvacrol group compared to the control(P<0.05;logFC<-0.5 or log FC>0.5).Functional analyses of these differentially expressed genes,using KEGG,REACTOME,and Gene Ontology databases,showed enrichment of several immune-related pathways.This included the pathways‘Antimicrobial peptides’(P=0.001)and‘Chemoattractant activity’(P=0.004),amongst others.Moreover,the‘NOD-like receptor signaling’pathway was enriched(P=0.002).Antimicrobial peptides are part of the innate immune defence and are amongst the molecules produced after the nucleotide oligomeriza-tion domain(NOD)-like receptor pathway activation.While these responses may be associated with an inflammatory reaction to an exogenous threat,they could also indicate that in ovo delivery of carvacrol could prepare the newly hatched chick against bacterial pathogens by potentially promoting antimicrobial peptide production through acti-vation of NOD-like receptor signaling in the yolk sac.Conclusion In conclusion,these findings suggest that in ovo delivery of carvacrol has the potential to enhance anti-pathogenic and pro-inflammatory responses in the yolk sac via upregulation of antimicrobial peptides,and NOD-like receptor pathways.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32300157)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission(19411964900)+1 种基金the Major Research and Development Project of Innovative Drugs,Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2017ZX09304005)the Wellcome Trust.
文摘Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health threat,and the World Health Organization(WHO)has announced a priority list of the most threatening pathogens against which novel antibiotics need to be developed.The discovery and introduction of novel antibiotics are time-consuming and expensive.According to WHO’s report of antibacterial agents in clinical development,only 18 novel antibiotics have been approved since 2014.Therefore,novel antibiotics are critically needed.Artificial intelligence(AI)has been rapidly applied to drug development since its recent technical breakthrough and has dramatically improved the efficiency of the discovery of novel antibiotics.Here,we first summarized recently marketed novel antibiotics,and antibiotic candidates in clinical development.In addition,we systematically reviewed the involvement of AI in antibacterial drug development and utilization,including small molecules,antimicrobial peptides,phage therapy,essential oils,as well as resistance mechanism prediction,and antibiotic stewardship.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:82373835,82304437,and 82173781)Regional Joint Fund Project of Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund,China(Grant Nos.:2023A1515110417 and 2023A1515140131)+2 种基金Regional Joint Fund-Key Project of Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund,China(Grant No.:2020B1515120033)the Key Field Projects of General Universities in Guangdong Province,China(Grant Nos.:2020ZDZX2057 and 2022ZDZX2056)Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Province of China(Grant No.:A2022061).
文摘Natural antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)are promising candidates for the development of a new generation of antimicrobials to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens.They have found extensive applications in the fields of medicine,food,and agriculture.However,efficiently screening AMPs from natural sources poses several challenges,including low efficiency and high antibiotic resistance.This review focuses on the action mechanisms of AMPs,both through membrane and non-membrane routes.We thoroughly examine various highly efficient AMP screening methods,including whole-bacterial adsorption binding,cell membrane chromatography(CMC),phospholipid membrane chromatography binding,membranemediated capillary electrophoresis(CE),colorimetric assays,thin layer chromatography(TLC),fluorescence-based screening,genetic sequencing-based analysis,computational mining of AMP databases,and virtual screening methods.Additionally,we discuss potential developmental applications for enhancing the efficiency of AMP discovery.This review provides a comprehensive framework for identifying AMPs within complex natural product systems.
基金supported by One Joint Research Scheme Program 2023(Project ST039-2023).
文摘As a rich source of bioactive compounds,plant-derived natural products hold immense promise for pharmaceutical research and development,offering a path to discovering new drug targets and innovative treatments.Sonchus species,commonly known as sow thistles,are widely distributed across various geographical regions.Several common species within this plant group have a long history of use in traditional medicine,which can be attributed to their diverse therapeutic benefits.Recently,these plants have gained attention for their potential in antimicrobial therapy,owing to their rich phytochemical profile,including sesquiterpene,flavonoids,and phenolic acids with known antimicrobial activities.Currently,available pharmacological studies demonstrate that Sonchus species extracts possess antimicrobial properties,highlighting their potential as sources for new therapeutic agents.This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the antibacterial,antifungal,antiparasitic,and antiviral activities of the Sonchus species,along with its possible mechanisms of action.The review aims to provide directions for future research and promote the exploration of these plants as viable sources of natural antimicrobial agents,potentially contributing to the development of alternative therapeutic strategies in the face of rising antibiotic resistance.
基金funded by the Russian Science Foundation,grant 22-13-00337.
文摘The main objective of the study was to prepare a highly active antimicrobial remedy by combining active agents such as tannic acid and silver nanoparticles,which are usually used separately.This was achieved by applying a coating of 11 alternating layers of an insoluble complex of tannic acid with polyvinyl alcohol on paper by the layerby-layer approach,on the surface of which uniformly distributed spherical silver nanoparticles of uniform size,mainly 20–30 nm,were synthesized by in situ reduction using tannic acid,which also acts as a stabilizer,or an external reducing agent,which prevented polyphenol oxidation.This gave an insight into which form-oxidized or reduced-ismore active against microorganisms.It was shown that sterilization was not required after the coating of the paper with tannic acid and silver nanoparticles.When combined,their activity against the studied bacteria-gram-negative Escherichia coli and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus,as well as yeast Candida albicans was higher and lasting up to 7 days than when tannic acid and silver nanoparticles were used separately,indicating possible synergism in their action.
文摘Pimpinella anisum,commonly known as anise,is generally used in both folk medicine and the culinary world.In traditional medicine,it is valued for its digestive,respiratory,and antispasmodic properties.This study aims to examine the volatile compounds and antibacterial effect of P.anisum essential oil(PAEO)as well as for the first time its genotoxicity employing both in vitro and computational approaches.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)analysis identified anethole as the principal compound,which comprises 92.47%of PAEO.PAEO was tested for its potential antibacterial properties against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633,Listeria innocua ATCC 33090,Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213,Klebsiella aerogenes ATCC 13048,and a clinical strain of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi.PAEO displayed noteworthy antibacterial action toward all tested bacteria,especially Staphylococcus aureus,with an inhibition zone of 21.43±0.87 mm,as determined by the disc-diffusion test.Varied between 0.0625%and 2%v/v,while the MBC values ranged from 0.125%to 8%v/v,reflecting the strength of the tested EO.The MBC/MIC ratios indicated the bactericidal nature of PAEO.The results of molecular docking revealed strong binding interactions between key PAEO molecules and microbial target proteins.ADMET(Absorption,Distribution,Metabolism,Excretion,and Toxicity)analysis confirmed favorable pharmacokinetic properties,indicating its potential as a safe therapeutic agent.Additionally,genotoxicity was assessed using the comet assay,which demonstrated minimal genotoxic risk,affirming the oil’s safety.These results highlight the promising antimicrobial properties of PAEO and its possible use as an active agent in the pharmacy,food,and cosmetic sectors.
文摘BACKGROUND The optimal duration of antimicrobial treatment for acute cholangitis complicated by gram-positive coccus(GPC)bacteremia remains unclear.The Tokyo Guidelines 2018 recommended 14 days of antimicrobial treatment following adequate source control measures;however,evidence supporting this recommendation is limited,and deviations from real-world practice are often observed.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of shorter antimicrobial treatments for acute cholangitis complicated by GPC bacteremia.METHODS Adult patients with acute cholangitis complicated by GPC bacteremia who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography between July 2003 and December 2023 were included.Patients were categorized into two groups based on the duration of effective antimicrobial treatment:(1)Short-course treatment(SCT)(<14 days);and(2)Long-course treatment(LCT)(≥14 days).The outcomes assessed included mortality,recurrence,reinfection with the same organism related to the cholangitis,and length of hospital stay.RESULTS A total of 44 patients were included in the study:(1)19 patients in the SCT group;and(2)25 patients in the LCT group.The median duration of antimicrobial treatment was 9 days[interquartile range(IQR):2.5-11.0 days]and 16 days(IQR:15.0-19.0 days)in the SCT and LCT groups,respectively,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).No significant differences were observed in 30-day mortality,cholangitis recurrence,or reinfection with the same organisms within 3 months.However,the length of hospital stay was shorter in the SCT group(median:12.0 days vs 14.0 days,P=0.092).CONCLUSION For acute cholangitis complicated by GPC bacteremia,shorter antimicrobial treatment may be a viable option following appropriate biliary drainage.Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted.
文摘Thymus serpyllum L.,often known as wild thyme,has been used since ancient times due to its multifaceted culinary and medicinal attributes.It is usually utilized in folk medicine to manage different health issues.This work aimed to investigate the chemical composition and biological characteristics of T.serpyllum essential oil(EO),including its antimicrobial,antioxidant,and anti-inflammatory capabilities.Moreover,we have prompted an in-silico simulation to reveal the underlying mode of action of these properties.The chemical characterization of T.serpyllum(EO)by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS)indicated sabinene(17.33%),terpinen-4-ol(11.73%),phellandral(13.18%),and thymol(10.54%)as main components.The antimicrobial screening utilized the disc-diffusion technique,MIC,and MBC assays.The disc-diffusion test’s results revealed significant anti-Candida activity and notable antibacterial efficacy.The MIC and MBC tests showed that T.serpyllum EO effectively stops bacterial growth,including Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains and Candida strains.The tolerance level ratio demonstrated that this EO exhibits bactericidal and fungicidal effects on all tested bacteria and Candida strains.Also,T.serpyllum EO presented effective inhibitory activity against the 5-lipoxygenase(5-LOX)enzyme(IC50=744.19±0.1µg/mL)(p<0.05).It also effectively affected FRAP,β-carotene,DPPH,and ABTS radicals.In light of these findings,T.serpyllum holds promise for diverse applications across pharmaceuticals,nutraceuticals,and the food industry.However,further research and collaboration between traditional knowledge and modern medicine are crucial to fully realizing its potential benefits in these fields.
文摘Centaurium erythraea Rafn(“Gosset El Haya”)has long been prized in North African folk medicine,yet Moroccan chemobiological data remain scarce.Ethanol extracts of northern Moroccan aerial parts were profiled by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and found rich in phenolics,dominated by 4-hydroxybenzoic acid(57.8%)and naringin(10.3%).The extract exhibited strong antioxidant power in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)radical-scavenging assay,with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))of≈74μg mL^(−1),and a total antioxidant capacity(TAC)of≈201μg mL^(−1)and selective antimicrobial activity,sharply inhibiting Aspergillus niger,Penicillium digitatum,and Rhodotorula glutinis while sparing Staphylococcus aureus.In-silico absorption,distribution,metabolism,excretion,and toxicity(ADMET)profiling predicted good oral bioavailability for low-molecular-weight acids and aglycones,lowtoxicity across all metabolites,but absorption liabilities for bulky glycosides.Molecular docking against A.niger esterase(1UKC),C.glabrata lanosterol 14-α-demethylase CYP51(5JLC),and P.digitatum ethyleneforming oxidoreductase(9EIR)corroborated bioassays:rutin and naringin bound more tightly than fluconazole(ΔG≈−9.1 to−10.0 kcal mol^(−1)),whereas quercetin and catechin offered balanced affinity pharmacokinetic profiles.Robust radical scavenging,targeted antifungal potency,and favorable in-silico pharmacokinetics thus position Moroccan C.erythraea as a promising,though standardization-dependent,source of nutraceutical,medicinal,and food-preservation agents.These results support the valorisation of Centaurium erythraea as a promising source for health promotion and green technology applications through its antioxidant,antimicrobial,and drug-like properties.
基金supported by the U.S.Department of Agriculture(USDA),National Institute of Food and Agriculture,Award No.2022-67018-37143.
文摘In this study,hydrophobically modified phytoglycogen and hydrolyzed zein were utilized to develop biodegradable and redispersible nanocomplexes for encapsulation of various bioactive phytochemicals,including eugenol,thymol,carvacrol,trans-cinnamaldehyde,and their mixtures.Comprehensive physicochemical and colloidal characterizations of these nanocomplexes were performed using dynamic light scattering,and Fourier transform infrared and atomic force microscopy,which evaluated their colloidal stability and redispersibility after freeze-drying.In addition,the antioxidant capacities and antimicrobial activities of these various nanoparticles were investigated methodically.The results revealed that the phytochemical-encapsulated nanocomplexes exhibited a particle size ranging from 60 to 70 nm,display-ing a uniform distribution.Additionally,these nanocomplexes demonstrated sustained morphological and colloidal stability over 30-day storage,and after freeze-drying and subsequent redispersion processing.Furthermore,significant improvements in antioxidant and antimicrobial properties in the aqueous phase were observed.These redispersible nanocomplexes from phytoglycogen and zein hold the promising potential to address the limitations and offer practical solutions for expanding their applications in the pharmaceutical and food fields.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(22406168,W2411031,and 52270201)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M733061)the Zhejiang University Global Partnership Fund(100000-11320/198).
文摘The One Health concept acknowledges the importance of multiple dimensions in controlling antimicrobial resistance(AMR).However,our understanding of how anthropological,socioeconomic,and environmental factors drive AMR at a national level remains limited.To explore associations between potential contributing factors and AMR,this study analyzed an extensive database comprising 13 major antibioticresistant bacteria and over 30 predictors(e.g.,air pollution,antibiotic usage,economy,husbandry,public services,health services,education,diet,climate,and population)from 2014 to 2020 across China.The multivariate analysis results indicate that fine particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less(PM_(2.5))is associated with AMR,accounting for 12%of the variation,followed by residents’income(10.3%)and antibiotic usage density(5.1%).A reduction in PM_(2.5)of 1 μg·m^(-3)is linked to a 0.17%decrease in aggregate antibiotic resistance(p<0.001,R^(2)=0.74).Under different scenarios of China’s PM_(2.5)airquality projections,we further estimated the premature death toll and economic burden derived from PM_(2.5)-related antibiotic resistance in China until 2060.PM_(2.5)-derived AMR is estimated to cause approximately 27000(95%confidence interval(CI):646848830)premature deaths and about 0.51(95%CI;0.12-0.92)million years of life lost annually in China,equivalent to an annual welfare loss of 8.4(95%CI;2.0-15.0)billion USD.Implementing the“Ambitious Pollution 1.5℃ Goals”scenario to reduce PM_(2.5)concentrations could prevent roughly 14000(95%CI;3324-26320)premature deaths—with a potential monetary value of 9.8(95%CI;2.2-17.6)billion USD—from AMR by 2060.These results suggest that reducing air pollution may offer co-benefits in the health and economic sectors by mitigating AMR.
文摘Background: The irrational use of medicines remains a key health problem in many developing countries. The overuse of antibiotics is a key driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study surveyed antibiotic use and adherence to the World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators at the Request Muntanga Hospital in the Kalomo District of Southern Province, Zambia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2023 to September 2023 at Request Muntanga Hospital in Zambia and reviewed 600 medical record prescriptions which were issued from July 1, 2022 to June 30, 2023 using the WHO prescribing indicators. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.0. Results: From the 600 prescriptions sampled, 1246 medicines were prescribed, with antibiotics making up 86.7% of the encounters. Additionally, the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 2.1 and the prevalence of polypharmacy was 61.3%. Further, 17.8% of medicines were prescribed as injectables. Furthermore, 76.7% of the drugs were prescribed from the Zambia Essential Medicines List and 38.9% by generic names. Conclusions: This study found a high use of antibiotics and deviations from the WHO/International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) core prescribing indicators at the Request Muntanga Hospital indicating non-adherence to the prescribing indicators. There is a need to promote adherence to the WHO/INRUD core prescribing indicators to promote the rational use of antibiotics and prevent the emergence and spread of AMR.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A2093)Shaanxi Province Key Research and Development Plan Project(2023-YBGY-461)+4 种基金Platform of Science and Technology and Talent Team Plan of Guizhou province(GCC[2023]007)Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program(Natural Science)(No.ZK[2025]Key 086)Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation(171095)financial support,Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi(2024RS-CXTD-57)Innovation Foundation for Doctor Dissertation of Northwestern Polytechnical University(CX2024094)。
文摘The previous studies mainly focused on improving microwave absorbing(MA)performances of MA materials.Even so,these designed MA materials were very difficult to be employed in complex and changing environments owing to their single-functionalities.Herein,a combined Prussian blue analogues derived and catalytical chemical vapor deposition strategy was proposed to produce hierarchical cubic sea urchin-like yolk–shell CoNi@Ndoped carbon(NC)-CoNi@carbon nanotubes(CNTs)mixed-dimensional multicomponent nanocomposites(MCNCs),which were composed of zerodimensional CoNi nanoparticles,three-dimensional NC nanocubes and onedimensional CNTs.Because of good impedance matching and attenuation characteristics,the designed CoNi@NC-CoNi@CNTs mixed-dimensional MCNCs exhibited excellent MA performances,which achieved a minimum reflection loss(RL_(min))of−71.70 dB at 2.78 mm and Radar Cross section value of−53.23 dB m^(2).More importantly,the acquired results demonstrated that CoNi@NC-CoNi@CNTs MCNCs presented excellent photothermal,antimicrobial and anti-corrosion properties owing to their hierarchical cubic sea urchin-like yolk–shell structure,highlighting their potential multifunctional applications.It could be seen that this finding not only presented a generalizable route to produce hierarchical cubic sea urchin-like yolk–shell magnetic NC-CNTs-based mixed-dimensional MCNCs,but also provided an effective strategy to develop multifunctional MCNCs and improve their environmental adaptabilities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:32141003,82330110,and 81803593)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS),China(Grant Nos.:2021-I2M-1-030,and 2021-I2M-1-039)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant No.:3332018094)the National Science and Technology Infrastructure of China(Project No.:National Pathogen Resource Center-NPRC-32).
文摘TEM and SHV are among the most prevalentβ-lactamases contributing toβ-lactam antibiotic resistance in clinical settings,leading to treatment challenges and increased mortality rates.Except for penicillin and early cephalosporins,TEM and SHV variants have evolved with the ability to hydrolyze the second-and third-generation cephalosporins,monobactams,and evenβ-lactamase inhibitors.Accurate detection ofβ-lactamases is of paramount importance for optimizing antibiotic use and combating antimicrobial resistance(AMR).While genetic detection methods,such as polymerase chain reaction(PCR),are widely employed,their positive results may lack phenotypic correlation due to the low or absent expression of blaSHV and blaTEM in many strains[1].Therefore,a direct protein-level detection method such as targeted proteomics is more precise and clinically relevant.This study highlights the development of a rapid detection method using targeted proteomics with high-resolution accurate mass(HRAM)Orbitrap MS for the direct detection of TEM and SHV in Enterobacteriaceae strains,which offers greater clinical relevance compared to conventional genetic approaches.
基金supported by grants awarded to RAD by the South African Medical Research Council(SAMRC),with funds received from the South African National Department of Health,and the UK Medical Research Council,with funds received from the UK Government's Newton Fund(Grant No.:96185)by South African National Research Foundation(NRF)through the DSI/NRF South African Research Chair Initiative(NRF UID 87583)+2 种基金OO was supported by a Rhodes University Post-Doctoral FellowshipIN and TS received Post-Doctoral Fellowships from the SAMRCDA was supported by DAAD Scholarship(Reference number:91758998).
文摘The rapid emergence of drug-resistant microbial pathogens has posed challenges to global health in the twenty-first century.This development has significantly made most antibiotics ineffective in the treatment of infections they cause,resulting in increasing treatment costs and annual death rates.To address the challenge posed by these pathogens,we explore the potential of secondary metabolites from Aspergillus species as a source of new and effective therapeutic agents to treat drug-resistant infections.Terpenoids,a distinct group of natural products,are extensively distributed in plants and fungi,and have been attributed with significant antibacterial,anticancer,and antiviral activities.In this review,we present an overview of Aspergillus species,and review the novel terpenoids isolated from them from 2019 to April 2024,highlighting anti-infective activity against members of the ESKAPE pathogens.We further focus on the strategies through which the structural framework of these new terpenoids could be modified and/or optimized to feed a pipeline of new lead compounds targeting microbial pathogens.Overall,this review provides insight into the therapeutic applications of terpenoids sourced from Aspergillus species and the potential for the discovery of new compounds from these fungi to combat antimicrobial resistance.
