Biomass conversion offers an efficient approach to alleviate the energy and environmental issues.Electrochemical oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)has attracted tremendous attention in the latest few years for ...Biomass conversion offers an efficient approach to alleviate the energy and environmental issues.Electrochemical oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)has attracted tremendous attention in the latest few years for the mild synthesis conditions and high conversion efficiency to obtain 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid(FDCA),but there still remain problems such as limited yield,short cycle life,and ambiguous reaction mechanism.Despite many reviews highlighting a variety of electrocatalysts for electrochemical oxidation of HMF,a detailed discussion of the structural modulation of catalyst and the underlying catalytic mechanism is still lacking.We herein provide a comprehensive summary of the recent development of electrochemical oxidation of HMF to FDCA,particularly focusing on the mechanism studies as well as the advanced strategies developed to regulate the structure and optimize the performance of the electrocatalysts,including heterointerface construction,defect engineering,single-atom engineering,and in situ reconstruction.Experimental characterization techniques and theoretical calculation methods for mechanism and active site studies are elaborated,and challenges and future directions of electrochemical oxidation of HMF are also prospected.This review will provide guidance for designing advanced catalysts and deepening the understanding of the reaction mechanism beneath electrochemical oxidation of HMF to FDCA.展开更多
NiMo catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic performance in the electrooxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)to produce high-value 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA).Although metallic nickel is known to undergo reconst...NiMo catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic performance in the electrooxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)to produce high-value 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA).Although metallic nickel is known to undergo reconstruction into high-valent species during the reaction,the dynamic evolution of molybdenum components in NiMo catalyst and their mechanistic roles in catalytic reaction remain unclear.In this study,the structural evolution of NiMo alloy during HMF electrooxidation is systematically investigated.Operando analyses reveal that under anodic polarization,molybdenum undergoes oxidative dissolution in the form of MoO_(4)^(2-),concurrently driving the generation of high-valent Ni^(3+)species.Meanwhile,the dissolved MoO_(4)^(2-)re-adsorbs on the catalyst surface,forming a unique interfacial structure with Ni^(3+).Electrochemical results demonstrate that this surface structure facilitates a synergistic effect between the MoO_(4)^(2-)and high-valent Ni^(3+),enhancing the adsorption and activation of HMF molecules.Therefore,the NiMo alloy exhibits excellent catalytic performance,with a high FDCA selectivity of 99.0%.This study provides new insights into the relationship between the catalyst reconstruction process and enhancement of catalytic performance.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a type of cancer which causes high cancer-related mortality.Surgical operation and systematic chemical therapies are primary choices for the treatment of GC patients with advanced stage...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a type of cancer which causes high cancer-related mortality.Surgical operation and systematic chemical therapies are primary choices for the treatment of GC patients with advanced stages,however,the 5-year overall survival is only around 30%.AIM To investigate the role of mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)-derived long non-coding RNAs(lncRNA)NKILA in fatty acid oxidation and chemoresistance in GC cells,mediated through the miR-485-5p/STAT3 pathway.METHODS GC cell lines(AGS and MKN45)were co-cultured with human bone marrowderived MSCs were cultured.The MSC identity was confirmed by flow cytometry(CD73,CD90,CD105>95%positive,CD34,CD45 negative).Co-culture of GC cells and MSCs was performed in Transwell plates,where MSCs were placed in the upper chamber and GC cells in the lower chamber for 72 hours.For transfections,pcDNA-NKILA vectors,shSTAT3,and miR-485-5p mimics were utilized.Colony formation,apoptosis assays(Annexin V/PI staining),sphere formation,and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate cell proliferation,stemness,and chemoresistance.qPCR was used to analyze gene expression(Sox2,Oct4,CD133,LIN28,NKILA),and Western blotting assessed protein levels of stemness markers.Luciferase reporter assays were conducted to confirm miR-485-5p/STAT3 interactions,and biotin-labeled RNA pulldown was used to assess RNA-protein binding.Fatty acid oxidation was evaluated using a CPT1 activity assay andβ-oxidation rate detection.ATP levels were measured to assess the energetic status of GC cells.Clinical GC tissue samples were collected from patients at our hospital for validation.RESULTS MSCs were found to enhance the stemness and chemoresistance of GC cells.Co-culturing MKN45 and AGS cells with MSCs significantly increased sphere-forming ability and the expression of key cancer stem cell markers(SOX2,Oct4,LIN28,CD133),indicating that MSCs promote stem-like properties.Flow cytometry confirmed an enrichment of CD44+and CD133+subpopulations in MSC-treated GC cells.Additionally,MSC co-culture reduced chemotherapy-induced apoptosis and enhanced cell proliferation,suggesting a protective role in chemotherapy resistance.MSC-derived lncRNA NKILA further promoted stemness and chemoresistance,enhancing expression of stem cell markers and protecting cells from oxaliplatin and 5-FU-induced apoptosis.MSC co-culture also induced fatty acid oxidation in GC cells,as shown by increased CPT1 activity,β-oxidation rates,and ATP levels.NKILA mediated these effects by upregulating STAT3,which was confirmed to regulate fatty acid oxidation and chemoresistance.NKILA’s interaction with miR-485-5p further promoted STAT3 expression and fatty acid oxidation,reinforcing its role in maintaining stemness and enhancing chemoresistance.CONCLUSION MSCs enhance the stemness and chemoresistance of GC cells by secreting lncRNA NKILA,which promotes fatty acid oxidation through STAT3 activation.NKILA modulates the miR-485-5p/STAT3 axis,thereby increasing energy metabolism and supporting cancer stem cell properties.Targeting NKILA or the miR-485-5p/STAT3 pathway offers potential therapeutic strategies to overcome chemoresistance in GC.展开更多
In order to prepare ornamental and anti-corrosive coating on aluminum alloys, preparation technology of black micro-arc ceramic coatings on Al alloys in silicate based electrolyte was studied. The influence of content...In order to prepare ornamental and anti-corrosive coating on aluminum alloys, preparation technology of black micro-arc ceramic coatings on Al alloys in silicate based electrolyte was studied. The influence of content of Na2WO4 and combination additive in solution on the performance of black ceramic coatings was studied; the anticorrosion performances of black ceramic coatings were evaluated through whole-immersion test and electrochemical method in 3.5% NaCl solution at different pH value; SEM and XRD were used to analyze the surface morphology and phase constitutes of the black ceramic coatings. Experimental results indicated that, without combination additives, with the increasing of Na2WO4 content in the electrolyte, ceramic coating became darker and thicker, but the color was not black; after adding combination additive, the coating turned to be black; the black ceramic coating was multi-hole form in surface. There was a small quantity of tungsten existing in the black ceramic coating beside α-Al2O3 phase and β-Al2O3 phase. And aluminum alloy with black ceramic coating exhibited excellent anti-corrosion property in acid, basic and neutral 3.5% NaCl solution.展开更多
Soybean bioactive peptides（SBPs） were prepared from the isolated soybean protein by proteolysis with an alkaline protease, alcalase, at 50℃ and pH = 8.0. The dependence of hydrolysis time on hydrolysis degree and m...Soybean bioactive peptides（SBPs） were prepared from the isolated soybean protein by proteolysis with an alkaline protease, alcalase, at 50℃ and pH = 8.0. The dependence of hydrolysis time on hydrolysis degree and molecular weight distribution were examined. The hydrolysate was fractionated on a Sephadex G-25 column and the anti-oxidative activities of the fractions were detected by the method of pyrogallol auto-oxidation. The average chain length of soybean peptides that have anti-oxidative activity was estimated to be about 7. The anti-oxidative properties of the soy- bean peptide were also studied by using linoleic acid peroxidation systems. The optimal condition of the peroxidation system was set up, Vc/Cu^2 ＋ as the inducer at pH = 7.4 and 25 ℃. In addition, soybean peptides show higher antioxidative activity compared with GSH.展开更多
A new kind of anti-oxidation inorganic nano-coating for the common low carbon steel was prepared. It included magnesite mineral, metallurgic dust and silicate adhesive as the main raw materials. The nano-coating could...A new kind of anti-oxidation inorganic nano-coating for the common low carbon steel was prepared. It included magnesite mineral, metallurgic dust and silicate adhesive as the main raw materials. The nano-coating could be sprayed directly onto the low carbon steel slab even though with hot surface as far as under 1000 ℃ . And at the same time, a compact thin nano-film was formed, and the film would inhibit the oxygen into the interface of the steel body and decrease the loss of weight because of oxidation. The loss was decreased by about 60% or more. The properties and mechanism of oxidation resistance of the coating were discussed through XRD, TG-DTA and SEM. The experimental results show that many reactions would happen among the companents of the coating and then many microspheres with the size of 80- 100nm generated in the system. By using the heat of the steel body, the silicate adhesive would interact with the microspheres, and the other components of the coating would be soft and sintered so that when the coating was sprayed onto the suface of the steel slab , the intact and compact film could be formed and adhesive with the steel body. Besides the special properties of anti- oxidation, the coating could prevent the volatilization of microelement in the steel such as silicate and carbon at a high temperature. So it can improve the quality and output of steel with this new kind of nano-coating.展开更多
Rutin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-viral, anti-tumor and immune regulatory effects. However, the neuroprotective effects of rutin in spinal cord injury are unknown. The p38 mitogen activated protein kinase...Rutin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-viral, anti-tumor and immune regulatory effects. However, the neuroprotective effects of rutin in spinal cord injury are unknown. The p38 mitogen activated protein kinase （p38 MAPK） pathway is the most important member of the MAPK family that controls inflammation. We assumed that the mechanism of rutin in the repair of spinal cord injury is associated with the inhibition of p38 MAPK pathway. Allen’s method was used to establish a rat model of spinal cord injury. The rat model was intraperitoneally injected with rutin （30 mg/kg） for 3 days. After treatment with rutin, Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan locomotor function scores increased. Water content, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, and interleukin 6 levels, p38 MAPK protein expression and caspase-3 and -9 activities in T8–9 spinal cord decreased. Oxidative stress related markers superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels increased in peripheral blood. Rutin exerts neuroprotective effect through anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis and inhibition of p38 MAPK pathway.展开更多
A Mo-Si-C-N multi-layered anti-oxidation coating was in-situ fabricated by introducing nitrogen atmosphere during the fused sintering of Mo-Si slurry pre-layer on carbon/carbon composites. The phase composition and mi...A Mo-Si-C-N multi-layered anti-oxidation coating was in-situ fabricated by introducing nitrogen atmosphere during the fused sintering of Mo-Si slurry pre-layer on carbon/carbon composites. The phase composition and microstructure of the Mo-Si-C-N coating were characterized by X-ray diffractometry, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The Mo-Si-C-N coating exhibited a three-layered structure. Besides the MoSi2/Si main-layer and the SiC bonding-layer, a surface layer of about 10 μm in thickness was synthesized on the coating surface. The surface layer mainly consisted of SiC nanowires and contained some Si3N4 and Si phases. SiC nanowires of 10 to 200 nm in diameter presented a terrace and distortion structure. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that the SiC nanowires grew along the preferred 〈111〉 direction. During oxidation test, SiC nanowires transmuted into SiO2 glass, which can play an important role in improving the oxidation resistance of C/C composites.展开更多
In order to enhance the oxidation resistance of C/Si C composites, mullite/yttrium silicate coatings were fabricated on C/Si C composites through dip-coating route. Al_2O_3-SiO_2 sol with high solid content was select...In order to enhance the oxidation resistance of C/Si C composites, mullite/yttrium silicate coatings were fabricated on C/Si C composites through dip-coating route. Al_2O_3-SiO_2 sol with high solid content was selected as the raw material for mullite and ＂silicone resin ＋ Y_2O_3 powder＂ slurry was used to synthesize yttrium silicate. The microstructure and phase composition of coatings were characterized, and the investigation on oxidation resistance and anti-oxidation mechanism was emphasized. The as-fabricated coatings consisting of SiO_2-rich mullite phase and Y_2Si_2O_7 phase show high density and favorable bonding to C/Si C composites. After oxidized at 1 400 ℃ and 1 500 ℃ for 30 min in static air, the coating-containing C/Si C composites possess 91.9% and 102.4% of the original flexural strength, respectively. The desirable thermal stability of coatings and the further densification of coatings due to viscous flow of rich SiO_2 and Y-Si-Al-O glass are responsible for the excellent oxidation resistance. In addition, the coating-containing composites retain 99.0% of the original flexural strength and the coatings exhibit no cracking and desquamation after 12 times of thermal shock from 1 400 ℃ to room temperature, which are ascribed to the combination of anti-oxidation mechanism and preferable physical and chemical compatibility among C/Si C composites, mullite and Y_2Si_2O_7. The carbothermal reaction at 1 600 ℃ between free carbon in C/Si C substrate and rich SiO_2 in mullite results in severe frothing and desquamation of coatings and obvious degradation in oxidation resistance.展开更多
Multilayer graphene as a potential anti-oxidation barrier to protect nickel foils from oxidation was studied in simulated primary water of pressurized water reactors （PWRs）. The results show that after immersion for...Multilayer graphene as a potential anti-oxidation barrier to protect nickel foils from oxidation was studied in simulated primary water of pressurized water reactors （PWRs）. The results show that after immersion for 1000 h, the structure of the multilayer graphene remains unchanged and no obvious oxide film formed on the graphene coated nickel foils, indicating multilayer graphene can effectively act as the anti-oxidation barrier to protect the substrate from oxidation and hence can improve the heat transfer efficiency of the substrate in simulated primary water of PWRs.展开更多
[Objectives]To study content of total saponins from cultivated and wild Paris herbs in Southwest China,evaluate its in vitro antioxidation activity,and explore the correlation between quality of Paris herbs and produc...[Objectives]To study content of total saponins from cultivated and wild Paris herbs in Southwest China,evaluate its in vitro antioxidation activity,and explore the correlation between quality of Paris herbs and production place,variety,cultivated and wild varieties.[Methods]Colorimetric method of perchloric acid reaction was used,and content of total saponins from Paris herbs was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometer at 406 nm. [Results]The lowest content of total saponins from cultivated and wild Paris herbs in Southwest China was0. 55%,while the maximum was 12. 24%,with obvious difference. Total saponins from Paris herbs had stronger clearance ability on free radical DPPH and stronger reduction ability on Fe^(3+),and the results showed good dose-effect relationship with concentration. Among them,S6 had the highest clearance ability on DPPH,which reached 89. 66%. In the determination of reduction ability,the absorbance of S16 reached3. 643 and was the highest,with very good reducing property. Content and anti-oxidation capacity of total saponins from Paris herbs in Southwest China did not have obvious correlation with production place,altitude and cultivation but was related to variety. [Conclusions]The quality of Paris herbs in Southwest China was unstable,and their anti-oxidation abilities were also different,and cultivation could not guarantee high quality. It should normalize cultivation,and develop planting industry of Paris herbs,which could guarantee stable supply of Paris herbs and stability and controllability of quality.展开更多
[Objectives]To optimize the extraction technology of total flavonoids component,and investigate its in vitro anti-oxidation activity.[Methods]The single factor was inspected firstly. By orthogonal experiment,the best ...[Objectives]To optimize the extraction technology of total flavonoids component,and investigate its in vitro anti-oxidation activity.[Methods]The single factor was inspected firstly. By orthogonal experiment,the best extraction conditions of total flavonoids from fruits and leaves of P. mume Sieb. et Zucc. were determined,and reducing ability of the extracted total flavonoids and its DPPH and ABTS scavenging abilities were explored. [Results] The best extraction technology conditions: solid-liquid ratio of 1∶ 50,ethanol concentration of 50%,extraction time of 2. 5 h,extraction temperature of 85 ℃,two-time extraction. By detecting DPPH and ABTS scavenging abilities of total flavonoids,the anti-oxidation activity of the total flavonoids from fruits and leaves of P. mume Sieb. et Zucc. was analyzed and evaluated. [Conclusions]Fruits and leaves of P. mume Sieb. et Zucc. had a certain in vitro anti-oxidation activity,and heat reflux extraction method of its total flavonoids had high extraction rate and simple and convenient operation,which had some practical value.展开更多
Screening test on anti-oxidation activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) was performed for 99 ethanol extracts of 85 species of natural thalli of lichens in order to find novel anti-oxidation compounds.The ...Screening test on anti-oxidation activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) was performed for 99 ethanol extracts of 85 species of natural thalli of lichens in order to find novel anti-oxidation compounds.The 17 extracts of natural thalli showed high anti-oxidation activity.Among them,the activities of extracts from Hypogymnia vittata,Peltigera aphthosa,Nephromopsis ornata,Pseudevernia furfuracea,Cladonia vulcani and Peltigera elizabethae were higher.Extracts of Peltigera spp.showed higher activity than those of other genera.The ethanol extract of P.aphthosa had been separated into ethyl acetate-soluble and water-soluble fractions.Two anti-oxidative spots were found only in the water-soluble fractions by thin-layer chromatography.The compound in the lower spot had the same Rf value,UV spectrum,and color as authentic solorinine that was previously found as a unique quaternary ammonium compound from Peltigera spp.We now report that the hydrophilic lichen substance,solorinine showed a nearly same anti-oxidation activity(EC50=120?mol/Lol/L) as standard antioxidant Trolox(EC50=150?mol/L).展开更多
Mixture of green petroleum coke, B4C and SiC together with short carbon fiber were employed as starting materials, the mixture was press-formed without any binder after grinding, dense and homogeneous binderless SiC-B...Mixture of green petroleum coke, B4C and SiC together with short carbon fiber were employed as starting materials, the mixture was press-formed without any binder after grinding, dense and homogeneous binderless SiC-B4C-C（carbon/ceramic） composites were then obtained after sintering. Composites thus prepared possess excellent anti-oxidation property, that is, mass loss less than 1% within the temperature range from 900 to 1100℃ for 10h. Anti-oxidation mechanism was also discussed from the viewpoint of thermodynamics, excellent anti-oxidation property of materials thus prepared can be discribed to 1) solid SiO2 formed from SiC, which restrains the filtering of oxygen and simultaneously, its volume expansion brought about by the reaction takes roles both walling up the （original） pores and making the material more compact; 2) liquid B2O3 from the reaction of B4C not only makes the combination with C, B4C and SiC tighter through forming solid solution, but also effect of reaction SiC（s）+2CO（g）=SiO2（s）+3C（s） is an expansive process, which improves the microstructure of the material.展开更多
The effects of Ca, Al, and Ag on the anti-oxidation of Sn-9Zn-X solders and the interface reactions between the solders and Cu substrate were investigated by Auger electron spectroscopy （ AES ） and scanning electron...The effects of Ca, Al, and Ag on the anti-oxidation of Sn-9Zn-X solders and the interface reactions between the solders and Cu substrate were investigated by Auger electron spectroscopy （ AES ） and scanning electron microscope （SEM） analysis, respectively. The mechanism of improving the wettability of Sn-9Zn lead-free solder by adding Ca, Al, and Ag was also revealed. The AES analysis indicated that Al and Ga might enrich on the molten solder surface which resulted in improving the anti-oxidation of Sn-9Zn-O. O05Al and Sn-9Zn-O. 3Ga alloys. The addition of Ga reduced the apparent activation energy and promoted the interface reaction. With the addition of 0. 3 wt. % Ag, some scallop-like intermetallic compounds （IMCs） formed at the interface, according to the energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS） analysis, these scallop-like IMCs might be the mixture of Ag-Zn and Cu-Sn compounds.展开更多
Platinum/cerium-zirconium-sulfate（Pt/Ce-Zr-SO_4^（2-）） catalysts were prepared by wetness impregnation.Catalytic activities were evaluated from the combustion of propene and CO.Sulfate（SO_4^（2-））addition improv...Platinum/cerium-zirconium-sulfate（Pt/Ce-Zr-SO_4^（2-）） catalysts were prepared by wetness impregnation.Catalytic activities were evaluated from the combustion of propene and CO.Sulfate（SO_4^（2-））addition improved the catalytic activity significantly.When using Pt/Ce-Zr-SO_4^（2-） with 10 wt%SO_4^（2-）,the temperature for 90%conversion of propene and CO decreased by 75℃ compared with Pt/Ce-Zr.The conversion exceeded 95%at 240℃ even after 0.02%sulfur dioxide poisoning for 20 h.Temperature-programmed desorption of CO and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses revealed an improvement in Pt dispersion onto the Ce-Zr-SO_4^（2-） support,and the increased number of Pt particles built up more Pt^（-）-（SO_4^（2-））^（-） couples,which resulted in excellent activity.The increased total acidity and new Bronsted acid sites on the surface provided the Pt/Ce-Zr-SO_4^（2-） with good sulfur resistance.展开更多
Purpose: To compare the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant status in women with preeclampsia and normal pregnancy in our environment. Materials & Methods: This was a 3-year, cross-sectional, case co...Purpose: To compare the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant status in women with preeclampsia and normal pregnancy in our environment. Materials & Methods: This was a 3-year, cross-sectional, case control study of 100 preeclamptic and 200 normotensive pregnant women at Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by our Institutional Ethical Review Committee and all participants gave their consent. The fasting serum of recruited patients were analysed for Malondialdehyde (MDA) with rapid, sensitive and specific Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA) assay, while the Total Antioxidant status (TAS) was determined using the capacity of the biological fluids to inhibit the production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) from sodium benzoate under the influence of the free oxygen radicals derived from Fenton’s reaction. Results: The mean serum MDA was significantly higher in the preeclamptic group (2.96 nmol/ mL) than the value recorded (1.23 nmol/mL) in the control group (P = 0.0001). Conversely, significantly lower mean TAS (0.46 nmol/mL vs 0.62 nmol/mL) was noticed in the preeclamptic group (P = 0.0001). Conclusion: The study showed significant increase in lipid peroxidation and failure of compensatory antioxidant functions in preeclamptic pregnant Nigerian women.展开更多
Purpose: To compare the Lipid peroxidation and Total antioxidant status in women with gestational diabetes mellitus and normal pregnancy in our environment. Materials & Methods: This was a 2-year, cross sectional,...Purpose: To compare the Lipid peroxidation and Total antioxidant status in women with gestational diabetes mellitus and normal pregnancy in our environment. Materials & Methods: This was a 2-year, cross sectional, case control study of 25 gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and 75 matched normal pregnant women at Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by our Institutional Ethical Review Committee and all participants gave their consents. The fasting serum of recruited patients were analysed for lipid peroxidetion product malondialdehyde(MDA), based on MDA reaction with thiobarbituric acid (TBA), with rapid, sensitive and specific Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA) assay, while the Total Anti-oxidant status (TAS) was determined using the capacity of the biological fluids to inhibit the production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) from sodium benzoate under the influence of the free oxygen radicals derived from Fenton’s reaction. Results: The mean serum MDA was significantly higher in the GDM group (3.64 nmol/mL) than the value recorded (1.33 nmol/ mL) in the control group (P vs. 0.66 nmol/mL) was noticed in the GDM group (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The study showed significant increase in lipid peroxidation and failure of compensatory antioxidant functions in GDM Nigerian women.展开更多
Corn peptides(CP) were prepared from zein via proteolysis by means of a type of alkaline protease, Alcalase, at 50 ℃ and pH 8.0. The anti oxidative activity of the hydrolysate was examined. It was found that the...Corn peptides(CP) were prepared from zein via proteolysis by means of a type of alkaline protease, Alcalase, at 50 ℃ and pH 8.0. The anti oxidative activity of the hydrolysate was examined. It was found that the anti oxidative activity reached the maximum at the fourth hour of the hydrolysis and then decreased. The effect of the enzyme dosage on the solubility of corn protein, the dependence of hydrolysis time on the degree of the hydrolysis(DH) and molecular weight distribution were examined respectively. 30% DH was controlled on the basis of anti oxidative activity. The hydrolysate was fractionated on a Sephadex G 15 column. The anti oxidative activities were examined for all the fractions. The main fraction for anti oxidative activity was collected and characterized by the methods of amino acid analysis, the measurement of average chain length and etc .. The main M W distribution of the main fraction was 300-600 Daltons. The anti oxidative properties of the small peptides in vitro were studied. It was found that they could inhibit the auto oxidation of pyrogallol and the oxidation of hemoglobin. The hemolysis degree of erythrocyte caused by hydroxyl free radicals was decreased greatly, indicating a protective effect of the anti oxidative peptides on the cell membrane damage of erythrocyte.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(22272150,22302177)Major Program of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LD22B030002)+2 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Ten Thousand Talent Program(2021R51009)Public Technology Application Project of Jinhua City(2022-4-067)Self Designed Scientific Research of Zhejiang Normal University(2021ZS0604)。
文摘Biomass conversion offers an efficient approach to alleviate the energy and environmental issues.Electrochemical oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)has attracted tremendous attention in the latest few years for the mild synthesis conditions and high conversion efficiency to obtain 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid(FDCA),but there still remain problems such as limited yield,short cycle life,and ambiguous reaction mechanism.Despite many reviews highlighting a variety of electrocatalysts for electrochemical oxidation of HMF,a detailed discussion of the structural modulation of catalyst and the underlying catalytic mechanism is still lacking.We herein provide a comprehensive summary of the recent development of electrochemical oxidation of HMF to FDCA,particularly focusing on the mechanism studies as well as the advanced strategies developed to regulate the structure and optimize the performance of the electrocatalysts,including heterointerface construction,defect engineering,single-atom engineering,and in situ reconstruction.Experimental characterization techniques and theoretical calculation methods for mechanism and active site studies are elaborated,and challenges and future directions of electrochemical oxidation of HMF are also prospected.This review will provide guidance for designing advanced catalysts and deepening the understanding of the reaction mechanism beneath electrochemical oxidation of HMF to FDCA.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang(2022JJD120011)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22479031,22162004)the Project for Enhancing Young and Middle-aged Teacher's Research Basis Ability in Colleges of Guangxi(2025KY0040).
文摘NiMo catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic performance in the electrooxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)to produce high-value 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA).Although metallic nickel is known to undergo reconstruction into high-valent species during the reaction,the dynamic evolution of molybdenum components in NiMo catalyst and their mechanistic roles in catalytic reaction remain unclear.In this study,the structural evolution of NiMo alloy during HMF electrooxidation is systematically investigated.Operando analyses reveal that under anodic polarization,molybdenum undergoes oxidative dissolution in the form of MoO_(4)^(2-),concurrently driving the generation of high-valent Ni^(3+)species.Meanwhile,the dissolved MoO_(4)^(2-)re-adsorbs on the catalyst surface,forming a unique interfacial structure with Ni^(3+).Electrochemical results demonstrate that this surface structure facilitates a synergistic effect between the MoO_(4)^(2-)and high-valent Ni^(3+),enhancing the adsorption and activation of HMF molecules.Therefore,the NiMo alloy exhibits excellent catalytic performance,with a high FDCA selectivity of 99.0%.This study provides new insights into the relationship between the catalyst reconstruction process and enhancement of catalytic performance.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a type of cancer which causes high cancer-related mortality.Surgical operation and systematic chemical therapies are primary choices for the treatment of GC patients with advanced stages,however,the 5-year overall survival is only around 30%.AIM To investigate the role of mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)-derived long non-coding RNAs(lncRNA)NKILA in fatty acid oxidation and chemoresistance in GC cells,mediated through the miR-485-5p/STAT3 pathway.METHODS GC cell lines(AGS and MKN45)were co-cultured with human bone marrowderived MSCs were cultured.The MSC identity was confirmed by flow cytometry(CD73,CD90,CD105>95%positive,CD34,CD45 negative).Co-culture of GC cells and MSCs was performed in Transwell plates,where MSCs were placed in the upper chamber and GC cells in the lower chamber for 72 hours.For transfections,pcDNA-NKILA vectors,shSTAT3,and miR-485-5p mimics were utilized.Colony formation,apoptosis assays(Annexin V/PI staining),sphere formation,and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate cell proliferation,stemness,and chemoresistance.qPCR was used to analyze gene expression(Sox2,Oct4,CD133,LIN28,NKILA),and Western blotting assessed protein levels of stemness markers.Luciferase reporter assays were conducted to confirm miR-485-5p/STAT3 interactions,and biotin-labeled RNA pulldown was used to assess RNA-protein binding.Fatty acid oxidation was evaluated using a CPT1 activity assay andβ-oxidation rate detection.ATP levels were measured to assess the energetic status of GC cells.Clinical GC tissue samples were collected from patients at our hospital for validation.RESULTS MSCs were found to enhance the stemness and chemoresistance of GC cells.Co-culturing MKN45 and AGS cells with MSCs significantly increased sphere-forming ability and the expression of key cancer stem cell markers(SOX2,Oct4,LIN28,CD133),indicating that MSCs promote stem-like properties.Flow cytometry confirmed an enrichment of CD44+and CD133+subpopulations in MSC-treated GC cells.Additionally,MSC co-culture reduced chemotherapy-induced apoptosis and enhanced cell proliferation,suggesting a protective role in chemotherapy resistance.MSC-derived lncRNA NKILA further promoted stemness and chemoresistance,enhancing expression of stem cell markers and protecting cells from oxaliplatin and 5-FU-induced apoptosis.MSC co-culture also induced fatty acid oxidation in GC cells,as shown by increased CPT1 activity,β-oxidation rates,and ATP levels.NKILA mediated these effects by upregulating STAT3,which was confirmed to regulate fatty acid oxidation and chemoresistance.NKILA’s interaction with miR-485-5p further promoted STAT3 expression and fatty acid oxidation,reinforcing its role in maintaining stemness and enhancing chemoresistance.CONCLUSION MSCs enhance the stemness and chemoresistance of GC cells by secreting lncRNA NKILA,which promotes fatty acid oxidation through STAT3 activation.NKILA modulates the miR-485-5p/STAT3 axis,thereby increasing energy metabolism and supporting cancer stem cell properties.Targeting NKILA or the miR-485-5p/STAT3 pathway offers potential therapeutic strategies to overcome chemoresistance in GC.
基金This work was financially supported bythe Doctoral Foundation ofYanshan University(B41)theScience and Technology Foundation ofYanshan University(YDJJ0169).
文摘In order to prepare ornamental and anti-corrosive coating on aluminum alloys, preparation technology of black micro-arc ceramic coatings on Al alloys in silicate based electrolyte was studied. The influence of content of Na2WO4 and combination additive in solution on the performance of black ceramic coatings was studied; the anticorrosion performances of black ceramic coatings were evaluated through whole-immersion test and electrochemical method in 3.5% NaCl solution at different pH value; SEM and XRD were used to analyze the surface morphology and phase constitutes of the black ceramic coatings. Experimental results indicated that, without combination additives, with the increasing of Na2WO4 content in the electrolyte, ceramic coating became darker and thicker, but the color was not black; after adding combination additive, the coating turned to be black; the black ceramic coating was multi-hole form in surface. There was a small quantity of tungsten existing in the black ceramic coating beside α-Al2O3 phase and β-Al2O3 phase. And aluminum alloy with black ceramic coating exhibited excellent anti-corrosion property in acid, basic and neutral 3.5% NaCl solution.
文摘Soybean bioactive peptides（SBPs） were prepared from the isolated soybean protein by proteolysis with an alkaline protease, alcalase, at 50℃ and pH = 8.0. The dependence of hydrolysis time on hydrolysis degree and molecular weight distribution were examined. The hydrolysate was fractionated on a Sephadex G-25 column and the anti-oxidative activities of the fractions were detected by the method of pyrogallol auto-oxidation. The average chain length of soybean peptides that have anti-oxidative activity was estimated to be about 7. The anti-oxidative properties of the soy- bean peptide were also studied by using linoleic acid peroxidation systems. The optimal condition of the peroxidation system was set up, Vc/Cu^2 ＋ as the inducer at pH = 7.4 and 25 ℃. In addition, soybean peptides show higher antioxidative activity compared with GSH.
文摘A new kind of anti-oxidation inorganic nano-coating for the common low carbon steel was prepared. It included magnesite mineral, metallurgic dust and silicate adhesive as the main raw materials. The nano-coating could be sprayed directly onto the low carbon steel slab even though with hot surface as far as under 1000 ℃ . And at the same time, a compact thin nano-film was formed, and the film would inhibit the oxygen into the interface of the steel body and decrease the loss of weight because of oxidation. The loss was decreased by about 60% or more. The properties and mechanism of oxidation resistance of the coating were discussed through XRD, TG-DTA and SEM. The experimental results show that many reactions would happen among the companents of the coating and then many microspheres with the size of 80- 100nm generated in the system. By using the heat of the steel body, the silicate adhesive would interact with the microspheres, and the other components of the coating would be soft and sintered so that when the coating was sprayed onto the suface of the steel slab , the intact and compact film could be formed and adhesive with the steel body. Besides the special properties of anti- oxidation, the coating could prevent the volatilization of microelement in the steel such as silicate and carbon at a high temperature. So it can improve the quality and output of steel with this new kind of nano-coating.
基金supported in part by grants from the Young Scientists Awards Foundation of Shandong Province of China,No.BS2013YY049the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2012M511036
文摘Rutin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-viral, anti-tumor and immune regulatory effects. However, the neuroprotective effects of rutin in spinal cord injury are unknown. The p38 mitogen activated protein kinase （p38 MAPK） pathway is the most important member of the MAPK family that controls inflammation. We assumed that the mechanism of rutin in the repair of spinal cord injury is associated with the inhibition of p38 MAPK pathway. Allen’s method was used to establish a rat model of spinal cord injury. The rat model was intraperitoneally injected with rutin （30 mg/kg） for 3 days. After treatment with rutin, Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan locomotor function scores increased. Water content, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, and interleukin 6 levels, p38 MAPK protein expression and caspase-3 and -9 activities in T8–9 spinal cord decreased. Oxidative stress related markers superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels increased in peripheral blood. Rutin exerts neuroprotective effect through anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis and inhibition of p38 MAPK pathway.
基金supported by the Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (No. LC04C16)the Foundation of Aerospace Technology (No. HTJSZC-0506) the Post-Doctor Foundation of Heilongjiang Province, China
文摘A Mo-Si-C-N multi-layered anti-oxidation coating was in-situ fabricated by introducing nitrogen atmosphere during the fused sintering of Mo-Si slurry pre-layer on carbon/carbon composites. The phase composition and microstructure of the Mo-Si-C-N coating were characterized by X-ray diffractometry, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The Mo-Si-C-N coating exhibited a three-layered structure. Besides the MoSi2/Si main-layer and the SiC bonding-layer, a surface layer of about 10 μm in thickness was synthesized on the coating surface. The surface layer mainly consisted of SiC nanowires and contained some Si3N4 and Si phases. SiC nanowires of 10 to 200 nm in diameter presented a terrace and distortion structure. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that the SiC nanowires grew along the preferred 〈111〉 direction. During oxidation test, SiC nanowires transmuted into SiO2 glass, which can play an important role in improving the oxidation resistance of C/C composites.
基金Funded by the Aid Program for Science and Technology Innovative Research Team in Higher Educational Institutions of Hunan Provincethe Aid Program for Innovative Group of National University of Defense Technologythe Science Innovation Foundation of Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology(No.SAST2015043)
文摘In order to enhance the oxidation resistance of C/Si C composites, mullite/yttrium silicate coatings were fabricated on C/Si C composites through dip-coating route. Al_2O_3-SiO_2 sol with high solid content was selected as the raw material for mullite and ＂silicone resin ＋ Y_2O_3 powder＂ slurry was used to synthesize yttrium silicate. The microstructure and phase composition of coatings were characterized, and the investigation on oxidation resistance and anti-oxidation mechanism was emphasized. The as-fabricated coatings consisting of SiO_2-rich mullite phase and Y_2Si_2O_7 phase show high density and favorable bonding to C/Si C composites. After oxidized at 1 400 ℃ and 1 500 ℃ for 30 min in static air, the coating-containing C/Si C composites possess 91.9% and 102.4% of the original flexural strength, respectively. The desirable thermal stability of coatings and the further densification of coatings due to viscous flow of rich SiO_2 and Y-Si-Al-O glass are responsible for the excellent oxidation resistance. In addition, the coating-containing composites retain 99.0% of the original flexural strength and the coatings exhibit no cracking and desquamation after 12 times of thermal shock from 1 400 ℃ to room temperature, which are ascribed to the combination of anti-oxidation mechanism and preferable physical and chemical compatibility among C/Si C composites, mullite and Y_2Si_2O_7. The carbothermal reaction at 1 600 ℃ between free carbon in C/Si C substrate and rich SiO_2 in mullite results in severe frothing and desquamation of coatings and obvious degradation in oxidation resistance.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No.2011CB610502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars (No.51025104).
文摘Multilayer graphene as a potential anti-oxidation barrier to protect nickel foils from oxidation was studied in simulated primary water of pressurized water reactors （PWRs）. The results show that after immersion for 1000 h, the structure of the multilayer graphene remains unchanged and no obvious oxide film formed on the graphene coated nickel foils, indicating multilayer graphene can effectively act as the anti-oxidation barrier to protect the substrate from oxidation and hence can improve the heat transfer efficiency of the substrate in simulated primary water of PWRs.
基金Supported by Sichuan Science and Technology Support Plan(2016FZ0045)Sichuan Key Technology Innovation Project Plan(2014XM041)Research and Development Fund of Application Technology in Aba Prefecture(2015)
文摘[Objectives]To study content of total saponins from cultivated and wild Paris herbs in Southwest China,evaluate its in vitro antioxidation activity,and explore the correlation between quality of Paris herbs and production place,variety,cultivated and wild varieties.[Methods]Colorimetric method of perchloric acid reaction was used,and content of total saponins from Paris herbs was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometer at 406 nm. [Results]The lowest content of total saponins from cultivated and wild Paris herbs in Southwest China was0. 55%,while the maximum was 12. 24%,with obvious difference. Total saponins from Paris herbs had stronger clearance ability on free radical DPPH and stronger reduction ability on Fe^(3+),and the results showed good dose-effect relationship with concentration. Among them,S6 had the highest clearance ability on DPPH,which reached 89. 66%. In the determination of reduction ability,the absorbance of S16 reached3. 643 and was the highest,with very good reducing property. Content and anti-oxidation capacity of total saponins from Paris herbs in Southwest China did not have obvious correlation with production place,altitude and cultivation but was related to variety. [Conclusions]The quality of Paris herbs in Southwest China was unstable,and their anti-oxidation abilities were also different,and cultivation could not guarantee high quality. It should normalize cultivation,and develop planting industry of Paris herbs,which could guarantee stable supply of Paris herbs and stability and controllability of quality.
基金Supported by 2014 Sichuan Science and Technology Support Plan Program(2014SZ0131)Education Innovation Project of Southwest Minzu University(2015)
文摘[Objectives]To optimize the extraction technology of total flavonoids component,and investigate its in vitro anti-oxidation activity.[Methods]The single factor was inspected firstly. By orthogonal experiment,the best extraction conditions of total flavonoids from fruits and leaves of P. mume Sieb. et Zucc. were determined,and reducing ability of the extracted total flavonoids and its DPPH and ABTS scavenging abilities were explored. [Results] The best extraction technology conditions: solid-liquid ratio of 1∶ 50,ethanol concentration of 50%,extraction time of 2. 5 h,extraction temperature of 85 ℃,two-time extraction. By detecting DPPH and ABTS scavenging abilities of total flavonoids,the anti-oxidation activity of the total flavonoids from fruits and leaves of P. mume Sieb. et Zucc. was analyzed and evaluated. [Conclusions]Fruits and leaves of P. mume Sieb. et Zucc. had a certain in vitro anti-oxidation activity,and heat reflux extraction method of its total flavonoids had high extraction rate and simple and convenient operation,which had some practical value.
文摘Screening test on anti-oxidation activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) was performed for 99 ethanol extracts of 85 species of natural thalli of lichens in order to find novel anti-oxidation compounds.The 17 extracts of natural thalli showed high anti-oxidation activity.Among them,the activities of extracts from Hypogymnia vittata,Peltigera aphthosa,Nephromopsis ornata,Pseudevernia furfuracea,Cladonia vulcani and Peltigera elizabethae were higher.Extracts of Peltigera spp.showed higher activity than those of other genera.The ethanol extract of P.aphthosa had been separated into ethyl acetate-soluble and water-soluble fractions.Two anti-oxidative spots were found only in the water-soluble fractions by thin-layer chromatography.The compound in the lower spot had the same Rf value,UV spectrum,and color as authentic solorinine that was previously found as a unique quaternary ammonium compound from Peltigera spp.We now report that the hydrophilic lichen substance,solorinine showed a nearly same anti-oxidation activity(EC50=120?mol/Lol/L) as standard antioxidant Trolox(EC50=150?mol/L).
文摘Mixture of green petroleum coke, B4C and SiC together with short carbon fiber were employed as starting materials, the mixture was press-formed without any binder after grinding, dense and homogeneous binderless SiC-B4C-C（carbon/ceramic） composites were then obtained after sintering. Composites thus prepared possess excellent anti-oxidation property, that is, mass loss less than 1% within the temperature range from 900 to 1100℃ for 10h. Anti-oxidation mechanism was also discussed from the viewpoint of thermodynamics, excellent anti-oxidation property of materials thus prepared can be discribed to 1) solid SiO2 formed from SiC, which restrains the filtering of oxygen and simultaneously, its volume expansion brought about by the reaction takes roles both walling up the （original） pores and making the material more compact; 2) liquid B2O3 from the reaction of B4C not only makes the combination with C, B4C and SiC tighter through forming solid solution, but also effect of reaction SiC（s）+2CO（g）=SiO2（s）+3C（s） is an expansive process, which improves the microstructure of the material.
文摘The effects of Ca, Al, and Ag on the anti-oxidation of Sn-9Zn-X solders and the interface reactions between the solders and Cu substrate were investigated by Auger electron spectroscopy （ AES ） and scanning electron microscope （SEM） analysis, respectively. The mechanism of improving the wettability of Sn-9Zn lead-free solder by adding Ca, Al, and Ag was also revealed. The AES analysis indicated that Al and Ga might enrich on the molten solder surface which resulted in improving the anti-oxidation of Sn-9Zn-O. O05Al and Sn-9Zn-O. 3Ga alloys. The addition of Ga reduced the apparent activation energy and promoted the interface reaction. With the addition of 0. 3 wt. % Ag, some scallop-like intermetallic compounds （IMCs） formed at the interface, according to the energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS） analysis, these scallop-like IMCs might be the mixture of Ag-Zn and Cu-Sn compounds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21506194,21676255)the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY16B070011)the Commission of Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province(2017C33106,2017C03007)~~
文摘Platinum/cerium-zirconium-sulfate（Pt/Ce-Zr-SO_4^（2-）） catalysts were prepared by wetness impregnation.Catalytic activities were evaluated from the combustion of propene and CO.Sulfate（SO_4^（2-））addition improved the catalytic activity significantly.When using Pt/Ce-Zr-SO_4^（2-） with 10 wt%SO_4^（2-）,the temperature for 90%conversion of propene and CO decreased by 75℃ compared with Pt/Ce-Zr.The conversion exceeded 95%at 240℃ even after 0.02%sulfur dioxide poisoning for 20 h.Temperature-programmed desorption of CO and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses revealed an improvement in Pt dispersion onto the Ce-Zr-SO_4^（2-） support,and the increased number of Pt particles built up more Pt^（-）-（SO_4^（2-））^（-） couples,which resulted in excellent activity.The increased total acidity and new Bronsted acid sites on the surface provided the Pt/Ce-Zr-SO_4^（2-） with good sulfur resistance.
文摘Purpose: To compare the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant status in women with preeclampsia and normal pregnancy in our environment. Materials & Methods: This was a 3-year, cross-sectional, case control study of 100 preeclamptic and 200 normotensive pregnant women at Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by our Institutional Ethical Review Committee and all participants gave their consent. The fasting serum of recruited patients were analysed for Malondialdehyde (MDA) with rapid, sensitive and specific Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA) assay, while the Total Antioxidant status (TAS) was determined using the capacity of the biological fluids to inhibit the production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) from sodium benzoate under the influence of the free oxygen radicals derived from Fenton’s reaction. Results: The mean serum MDA was significantly higher in the preeclamptic group (2.96 nmol/ mL) than the value recorded (1.23 nmol/mL) in the control group (P = 0.0001). Conversely, significantly lower mean TAS (0.46 nmol/mL vs 0.62 nmol/mL) was noticed in the preeclamptic group (P = 0.0001). Conclusion: The study showed significant increase in lipid peroxidation and failure of compensatory antioxidant functions in preeclamptic pregnant Nigerian women.
文摘Purpose: To compare the Lipid peroxidation and Total antioxidant status in women with gestational diabetes mellitus and normal pregnancy in our environment. Materials & Methods: This was a 2-year, cross sectional, case control study of 25 gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and 75 matched normal pregnant women at Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by our Institutional Ethical Review Committee and all participants gave their consents. The fasting serum of recruited patients were analysed for lipid peroxidetion product malondialdehyde(MDA), based on MDA reaction with thiobarbituric acid (TBA), with rapid, sensitive and specific Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA) assay, while the Total Anti-oxidant status (TAS) was determined using the capacity of the biological fluids to inhibit the production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) from sodium benzoate under the influence of the free oxygen radicals derived from Fenton’s reaction. Results: The mean serum MDA was significantly higher in the GDM group (3.64 nmol/mL) than the value recorded (1.33 nmol/ mL) in the control group (P vs. 0.66 nmol/mL) was noticed in the GDM group (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The study showed significant increase in lipid peroxidation and failure of compensatory antioxidant functions in GDM Nigerian women.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Comm ission of Jinlin Province(No. 94 35 4 6 - 3)
文摘Corn peptides(CP) were prepared from zein via proteolysis by means of a type of alkaline protease, Alcalase, at 50 ℃ and pH 8.0. The anti oxidative activity of the hydrolysate was examined. It was found that the anti oxidative activity reached the maximum at the fourth hour of the hydrolysis and then decreased. The effect of the enzyme dosage on the solubility of corn protein, the dependence of hydrolysis time on the degree of the hydrolysis(DH) and molecular weight distribution were examined respectively. 30% DH was controlled on the basis of anti oxidative activity. The hydrolysate was fractionated on a Sephadex G 15 column. The anti oxidative activities were examined for all the fractions. The main fraction for anti oxidative activity was collected and characterized by the methods of amino acid analysis, the measurement of average chain length and etc .. The main M W distribution of the main fraction was 300-600 Daltons. The anti oxidative properties of the small peptides in vitro were studied. It was found that they could inhibit the auto oxidation of pyrogallol and the oxidation of hemoglobin. The hemolysis degree of erythrocyte caused by hydroxyl free radicals was decreased greatly, indicating a protective effect of the anti oxidative peptides on the cell membrane damage of erythrocyte.
