Objective: To study the imaging features of extra-axial tumors and tumor-likelesions involving both middle and posterior cranial fossae and to make a classification. Methods:Sixty cases of pathologically confirmed ext...Objective: To study the imaging features of extra-axial tumors and tumor-likelesions involving both middle and posterior cranial fossae and to make a classification. Methods:Sixty cases of pathologically confirmed extra-axil tumors and tumor-like lesions involving bothmiddle and posterior cranial fossae were analyzed. They were divided into central and lateral types,the latter of which were subdivided into three types: middle cranial fossae type, posterior cranialfossae type and the over-riding type. The constitution and imaging features of each type wereanalyzed. Results: There were 12 cases of central type, including chordoma (n=5), pituitary adenoma(n=3), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (n=2), craniopharyn-gioma (n=1) and meningioma (n=l). 48 cases oflateral type including trigeminal nerve tumors (n=14), meningioma (n=12), epidermoid cyst (n=11),dural cavernous hemangioma (n=4), dermoid cyst (n=2), metastasis (n=2), hemangiopericytoma (n=1),paraganglioma of glonius jugular (n=1) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (n=1). Each type of the lesionshad its own shape features, some of which were characteristic for some specific tumors. Most of thetumors and tumor-like lesions could be qualitatively diagnosed according to their imagingcharacteristics and the extent of the lesions could be defined definitely. Conclusion: It is helpfulto categorize extra-axial tumors and tumor-like lesions involving both middle and posterior cranialfossae according to their location for qualitative diagnosis and description of the extent of theselesions. It is of great clinical value in providing more precise and thorough imaging informationfor planning therapeutic methods and route of operation.展开更多
INFLAMMATORY myofibroblastic tumor（IMT）,alsoknown as inflammatory pseudotumor or plasma cellgranulomas,is an uncommon fibro-inflammatorylesion which is composed of inflammatory cells andmyofibroblastic spindle cells...INFLAMMATORY myofibroblastic tumor（IMT）,alsoknown as inflammatory pseudotumor or plasma cellgranulomas,is an uncommon fibro-inflammatorylesion which is composed of inflammatory cells andmyofibroblastic spindle cells.1Its pathogenesis is still un-known.The tumor commonly occurs in the lung,upperrespiratory tract,live,orbit,abdominal membrane,retro-peritoneum,and genitourinary tract.2-4It rarely involvesthe central nerve system,5,展开更多
Objective To clarify the clinical features,therapeutic method and outcomes of the primary endodermal sinus tumors(ESTs)in the posterior cranial fossa.Methods The English literatures on EST in the posterior cranial fos...Objective To clarify the clinical features,therapeutic method and outcomes of the primary endodermal sinus tumors(ESTs)in the posterior cranial fossa.Methods The English literatures on EST in the posterior cranial fossa were retrieved from PubMed and reviewed.And a 4-year-old boy diagnosed with EST in our hospital was reported.The clinical manifestations,therapy,pathologic features,and prognosis of these cases were analyzed.Results Only seven cases of the ESTs in the posterior cranial fossa were enrolled in this review,including six cases searched from the PubMed and one case from our hospital.Six patients were boy and one patient’s gender was not available from the report.Ages ranged from 1 to 5 years(mean 3.14 years).The mean tumor size in our cohort was 4.4 cm.Six cases came from East Asia.Schiller-Duval bodies were found in all seven neoplasms.All tumors were positive for alpha-fetoprotein.The alpha-fetoprotein level in serum was increased to a very high level before therapy and depressed quickly after the effective chemotherapy.The mean follow-up time was 24.4 months(range 5-52 months).Six tumors were totally removed,and four of them recurred.Three cases died including one whose tumor was partially removed.Conclusions The serum alpha-fetoprotein level is well correlated with the severity of the tumor.A combination of operation and chemotherapy might be the effective management for EST in the posterior cranial fossa.The prognosis of extragonadal intracranial EST is poor.展开更多
In this study, we explored the operation options for middle cranial fossa arachnoid cysts （MCFAC）. One hundred and forty-nine patients who were operated for a symptomatic MCFAC between 1993 and 2006 in our hosptial ...In this study, we explored the operation options for middle cranial fossa arachnoid cysts （MCFAC）. One hundred and forty-nine patients who were operated for a symptomatic MCFAC between 1993 and 2006 in our hosptial were analyzed. Follow-up time ranged from 1 y to 14 y （mean=5.4 y）. All these patients were divided into three subgroups according to Galassi classification. Long-term outcome and complications were studied respectively. Fenestration （F） resulted in a more favorable long-term outcome and less complication for cysts of types I and Ⅱ, whereas a favorable outcome was noted in type Ⅲ patients who underwent cysto-peritoneal shunting （S）. We are led to conclude that Fenestration is suitable for cysts of types Ⅰ and Ⅱ （Galassi classification）, cysto-peritoneal shunting is better for cysts of type Ⅲ.展开更多
GANGLIONEUROMA is considered as the most mature and noninvasive form of neuroblastic tumors. It derives from neural crest cells, and can arise from wherever sympathetic tissue exists, including neck, posterior medias...GANGLIONEUROMA is considered as the most mature and noninvasive form of neuroblastic tumors. It derives from neural crest cells, and can arise from wherever sympathetic tissue exists, including neck, posterior mediastinum, adrenal gland, retroperitoneum and pelvis. The two most common locations for this tumor are retroperitoneum and posterior mediastinum; infrequently it occurs in the intracranial re-gion,2-8 with only three cases has been reported arising from trigeminal nerve.2-4 The current paper presents a 49-year-old male patient with a ganglioneuroma arising from right trigeminal ganglion and extending to the mid-dle-posterior cranial fossa. We summarized the clinical and diagnostic characteristics of this extremely rare tumor, in comparison with the three reported cases in literatures.展开更多
PURPOSE:To review the efficacy and patterns of failure in average-risk medulloblastoma patients treated withconcurrent chemotherapy and reduced-dose cranial spinal irradiation and a conformal tumor bed boost.METH-ODS ...PURPOSE:To review the efficacy and patterns of failure in average-risk medulloblastoma patients treated withconcurrent chemotherapy and reduced-dose cranial spinal irradiation and a conformal tumor bed boost.METH-ODS AND MATERIALS:Thirty-three patients with average risk(defined as<==1.5 cm(2)of residual tumorafter resection,age>3 years,and no involvement of the cerebrospinal fluid or spine)medulloblastoma werediagnosed at our institution between January 1994 and December 2001.They were enrolled in an institutional展开更多
BACKGROUND Pseudogout is a benign joint lesion caused by the deposition of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals,but it is invasive.Pseudogout of the temporomandibular joint(TMJ)is uncommon,and it rarely invades th...BACKGROUND Pseudogout is a benign joint lesion caused by the deposition of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals,but it is invasive.Pseudogout of the temporomandibular joint(TMJ)is uncommon,and it rarely invades the skull base or penetrates into the middle cranial fossa.The disease has no characteristic clinical manifestations and is easily misdiagnosed.CASE SUMMARY We present two cases of tophaceous pseudogout of the TMJ invading the middle cranial fossa.A 46-year-old woman with a history of diabetes for more than 10 years was admitted to the hospital due to swelling and pain in the right temporal region.Another patient,a 52-year-old man with a mass in the left TMJ for 6 years,was admitted to the hospital.Maxillofacial imaging showed a calcified mass and severe bone destruction of the skull base in the TMJ area.Both patients underwent excision of the lesion.The lesion was pathologically diagnosed as tophaceous pseudogout.The symptoms in these patients were relieved after surgery.CONCLUSION Tophaceous pseudogout should be considered when there is a calcified mass in the TMJ with or without bone destruction.A pathological examination is the gold standard for diagnosing this disease.Surgical treatment is currently the recommended treatment,and the prognosis is good after surgery.展开更多
Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) of an anterior cranial fossa are rare. Because of the high risk of intracranial hemorrhage and relatively easy access for direct surgery, aggressive treatment has been recommended....Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) of an anterior cranial fossa are rare. Because of the high risk of intracranial hemorrhage and relatively easy access for direct surgery, aggressive treatment has been recommended. The natural history of anterior cranial fossa dAVFs (ACF dAVFs) is unclear in spite of many reports for the natural history of general dAVFs. To treat ACF dAVFs, direct surgery has traditionally been performed and endovascular surgery has recently been introduced. A 74-year-old man was transferred with severe consciousness disturbance and presented with devastating intracerebral hemorrhage on the CT scan. Digital subtraction angiography revealed the ACF dAVFs with a large venous pouch. The patient received direct surgery, nevertheless he became vegetative state. Later on, a smaller venous pouch was recognized on the CT scan when he had suffered from the thalamic hemorrhage sixteen months before. There are twelve cases including our case which was treated for a certain period and documented in detail. Eleven of twelve cases were asymptomatic. Three of the six cases with a venous pouch had some events possibly related to the disease, though none of the six cases without a venous pouch had any events during observation. In conclusion, an ACF dAVF with a venous pouch should be treated by direct surgery or endovascular surgery even if it is incidentally found. By contrast, careful observation might be a possible therapeutic option for an ACF dAVF without a venous pouch if there is mild reflux flow.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To analyze and discuss about the clinicalcharacteristics, pathological types, surgical modalities andtechniques, and postoperative complications in children withtumor of posterior cranial fossa .METHODS Retr...OBJECTIVE To analyze and discuss about the clinicalcharacteristics, pathological types, surgical modalities andtechniques, and postoperative complications in children withtumor of posterior cranial fossa .METHODS Retrospective study was conducted on 102 cases ofpediatric tumor of posterior cranial fossa, admitted and treated inour hospital during the period of January 1996 to January 2007.All patients underwent microscopic surgical treatment. Fifty-eight were male and 44 cases were female. The age ranged from 9months to 14 years old, with an average of 6.1 ± 0.5 of age. CranialCT or MRI examination was conducted before and after thesurgery on all patients.RESULTS The primary manifestations for this group of patientswere increased intracranial pressure and/or ataxia. Postoperativepathological diagnoses showed: 46 cases of medulloblastoma, 43cases of astrocytoma, 11 cases of ependymoma (including 1 caseof degenerative ependymoma), 1 case of dermoid cyst, and 1 caseof teratoma. In this group of the patients, radical surgery wasused in 68 cases and subtotal surgical removal used in 31 cases,while surgical removal of large section was performed on 3 cases.There were no deaths from surgery reported. Ninety-one casesshowed significant symptomatic improvement when comparedwith preoperative conditions, while 11 cases showed either noimprovement or more severely affected afterward. For 6 cases,postoperative ventriculoperitoneal shunt was performed within7 days to 2 months after the surgery. Sixty-three patients gainedfollow-up for 3 to 60 months in duration. Thirty-nine patientsregained normal life and were able to learn well, while there were7 patients who could not live normally on their own. During thefollow-up period, there were 17 cases of recurrence and 7 casesof death. In 23 cases of medulloblastoma in children with age of3 years old or above, 2 cases who underwent surgical removal ofintracranial ependymoma received small dosage of postoperativeX-ray radiotherapy on the the brain and spinal cord. Nine casesof medulloblastoma in children under age of 3 and 17 cases ofastrocytoma diagnosed after the surgery received chemotherapyof Carmustine.CONCLUSION Medulloblastomas and astrocytomas werethe most common types of pediatric tumor of posterior cranialfossa, right followed by ependymoma, and dermoid cysts andteratomas were rare. Early correct diagnosis, proper selection ofappropriate surgical modality and the surgical margin, propertreatment of postoperative complications, and the selecting rightradiotherapy or chemotherapy were the key factors in influencingthe prognostic outcome of children with tumor of posterior cranialfossa.展开更多
文摘Objective: To study the imaging features of extra-axial tumors and tumor-likelesions involving both middle and posterior cranial fossae and to make a classification. Methods:Sixty cases of pathologically confirmed extra-axil tumors and tumor-like lesions involving bothmiddle and posterior cranial fossae were analyzed. They were divided into central and lateral types,the latter of which were subdivided into three types: middle cranial fossae type, posterior cranialfossae type and the over-riding type. The constitution and imaging features of each type wereanalyzed. Results: There were 12 cases of central type, including chordoma (n=5), pituitary adenoma(n=3), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (n=2), craniopharyn-gioma (n=1) and meningioma (n=l). 48 cases oflateral type including trigeminal nerve tumors (n=14), meningioma (n=12), epidermoid cyst (n=11),dural cavernous hemangioma (n=4), dermoid cyst (n=2), metastasis (n=2), hemangiopericytoma (n=1),paraganglioma of glonius jugular (n=1) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (n=1). Each type of the lesionshad its own shape features, some of which were characteristic for some specific tumors. Most of thetumors and tumor-like lesions could be qualitatively diagnosed according to their imagingcharacteristics and the extent of the lesions could be defined definitely. Conclusion: It is helpfulto categorize extra-axial tumors and tumor-like lesions involving both middle and posterior cranialfossae according to their location for qualitative diagnosis and description of the extent of theselesions. It is of great clinical value in providing more precise and thorough imaging informationfor planning therapeutic methods and route of operation.
文摘INFLAMMATORY myofibroblastic tumor（IMT）,alsoknown as inflammatory pseudotumor or plasma cellgranulomas,is an uncommon fibro-inflammatorylesion which is composed of inflammatory cells andmyofibroblastic spindle cells.1Its pathogenesis is still un-known.The tumor commonly occurs in the lung,upperrespiratory tract,live,orbit,abdominal membrane,retro-peritoneum,and genitourinary tract.2-4It rarely involvesthe central nerve system,5,
文摘Objective To clarify the clinical features,therapeutic method and outcomes of the primary endodermal sinus tumors(ESTs)in the posterior cranial fossa.Methods The English literatures on EST in the posterior cranial fossa were retrieved from PubMed and reviewed.And a 4-year-old boy diagnosed with EST in our hospital was reported.The clinical manifestations,therapy,pathologic features,and prognosis of these cases were analyzed.Results Only seven cases of the ESTs in the posterior cranial fossa were enrolled in this review,including six cases searched from the PubMed and one case from our hospital.Six patients were boy and one patient’s gender was not available from the report.Ages ranged from 1 to 5 years(mean 3.14 years).The mean tumor size in our cohort was 4.4 cm.Six cases came from East Asia.Schiller-Duval bodies were found in all seven neoplasms.All tumors were positive for alpha-fetoprotein.The alpha-fetoprotein level in serum was increased to a very high level before therapy and depressed quickly after the effective chemotherapy.The mean follow-up time was 24.4 months(range 5-52 months).Six tumors were totally removed,and four of them recurred.Three cases died including one whose tumor was partially removed.Conclusions The serum alpha-fetoprotein level is well correlated with the severity of the tumor.A combination of operation and chemotherapy might be the effective management for EST in the posterior cranial fossa.The prognosis of extragonadal intracranial EST is poor.
文摘In this study, we explored the operation options for middle cranial fossa arachnoid cysts （MCFAC）. One hundred and forty-nine patients who were operated for a symptomatic MCFAC between 1993 and 2006 in our hosptial were analyzed. Follow-up time ranged from 1 y to 14 y （mean=5.4 y）. All these patients were divided into three subgroups according to Galassi classification. Long-term outcome and complications were studied respectively. Fenestration （F） resulted in a more favorable long-term outcome and less complication for cysts of types I and Ⅱ, whereas a favorable outcome was noted in type Ⅲ patients who underwent cysto-peritoneal shunting （S）. We are led to conclude that Fenestration is suitable for cysts of types Ⅰ and Ⅱ （Galassi classification）, cysto-peritoneal shunting is better for cysts of type Ⅲ.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81101034)
文摘GANGLIONEUROMA is considered as the most mature and noninvasive form of neuroblastic tumors. It derives from neural crest cells, and can arise from wherever sympathetic tissue exists, including neck, posterior mediastinum, adrenal gland, retroperitoneum and pelvis. The two most common locations for this tumor are retroperitoneum and posterior mediastinum; infrequently it occurs in the intracranial re-gion,2-8 with only three cases has been reported arising from trigeminal nerve.2-4 The current paper presents a 49-year-old male patient with a ganglioneuroma arising from right trigeminal ganglion and extending to the mid-dle-posterior cranial fossa. We summarized the clinical and diagnostic characteristics of this extremely rare tumor, in comparison with the three reported cases in literatures.
文摘PURPOSE:To review the efficacy and patterns of failure in average-risk medulloblastoma patients treated withconcurrent chemotherapy and reduced-dose cranial spinal irradiation and a conformal tumor bed boost.METH-ODS AND MATERIALS:Thirty-three patients with average risk(defined as<==1.5 cm(2)of residual tumorafter resection,age>3 years,and no involvement of the cerebrospinal fluid or spine)medulloblastoma werediagnosed at our institution between January 1994 and December 2001.They were enrolled in an institutional
文摘BACKGROUND Pseudogout is a benign joint lesion caused by the deposition of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals,but it is invasive.Pseudogout of the temporomandibular joint(TMJ)is uncommon,and it rarely invades the skull base or penetrates into the middle cranial fossa.The disease has no characteristic clinical manifestations and is easily misdiagnosed.CASE SUMMARY We present two cases of tophaceous pseudogout of the TMJ invading the middle cranial fossa.A 46-year-old woman with a history of diabetes for more than 10 years was admitted to the hospital due to swelling and pain in the right temporal region.Another patient,a 52-year-old man with a mass in the left TMJ for 6 years,was admitted to the hospital.Maxillofacial imaging showed a calcified mass and severe bone destruction of the skull base in the TMJ area.Both patients underwent excision of the lesion.The lesion was pathologically diagnosed as tophaceous pseudogout.The symptoms in these patients were relieved after surgery.CONCLUSION Tophaceous pseudogout should be considered when there is a calcified mass in the TMJ with or without bone destruction.A pathological examination is the gold standard for diagnosing this disease.Surgical treatment is currently the recommended treatment,and the prognosis is good after surgery.
文摘Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) of an anterior cranial fossa are rare. Because of the high risk of intracranial hemorrhage and relatively easy access for direct surgery, aggressive treatment has been recommended. The natural history of anterior cranial fossa dAVFs (ACF dAVFs) is unclear in spite of many reports for the natural history of general dAVFs. To treat ACF dAVFs, direct surgery has traditionally been performed and endovascular surgery has recently been introduced. A 74-year-old man was transferred with severe consciousness disturbance and presented with devastating intracerebral hemorrhage on the CT scan. Digital subtraction angiography revealed the ACF dAVFs with a large venous pouch. The patient received direct surgery, nevertheless he became vegetative state. Later on, a smaller venous pouch was recognized on the CT scan when he had suffered from the thalamic hemorrhage sixteen months before. There are twelve cases including our case which was treated for a certain period and documented in detail. Eleven of twelve cases were asymptomatic. Three of the six cases with a venous pouch had some events possibly related to the disease, though none of the six cases without a venous pouch had any events during observation. In conclusion, an ACF dAVF with a venous pouch should be treated by direct surgery or endovascular surgery even if it is incidentally found. By contrast, careful observation might be a possible therapeutic option for an ACF dAVF without a venous pouch if there is mild reflux flow.
文摘OBJECTIVE To analyze and discuss about the clinicalcharacteristics, pathological types, surgical modalities andtechniques, and postoperative complications in children withtumor of posterior cranial fossa .METHODS Retrospective study was conducted on 102 cases ofpediatric tumor of posterior cranial fossa, admitted and treated inour hospital during the period of January 1996 to January 2007.All patients underwent microscopic surgical treatment. Fifty-eight were male and 44 cases were female. The age ranged from 9months to 14 years old, with an average of 6.1 ± 0.5 of age. CranialCT or MRI examination was conducted before and after thesurgery on all patients.RESULTS The primary manifestations for this group of patientswere increased intracranial pressure and/or ataxia. Postoperativepathological diagnoses showed: 46 cases of medulloblastoma, 43cases of astrocytoma, 11 cases of ependymoma (including 1 caseof degenerative ependymoma), 1 case of dermoid cyst, and 1 caseof teratoma. In this group of the patients, radical surgery wasused in 68 cases and subtotal surgical removal used in 31 cases,while surgical removal of large section was performed on 3 cases.There were no deaths from surgery reported. Ninety-one casesshowed significant symptomatic improvement when comparedwith preoperative conditions, while 11 cases showed either noimprovement or more severely affected afterward. For 6 cases,postoperative ventriculoperitoneal shunt was performed within7 days to 2 months after the surgery. Sixty-three patients gainedfollow-up for 3 to 60 months in duration. Thirty-nine patientsregained normal life and were able to learn well, while there were7 patients who could not live normally on their own. During thefollow-up period, there were 17 cases of recurrence and 7 casesof death. In 23 cases of medulloblastoma in children with age of3 years old or above, 2 cases who underwent surgical removal ofintracranial ependymoma received small dosage of postoperativeX-ray radiotherapy on the the brain and spinal cord. Nine casesof medulloblastoma in children under age of 3 and 17 cases ofastrocytoma diagnosed after the surgery received chemotherapyof Carmustine.CONCLUSION Medulloblastomas and astrocytomas werethe most common types of pediatric tumor of posterior cranialfossa, right followed by ependymoma, and dermoid cysts andteratomas were rare. Early correct diagnosis, proper selection ofappropriate surgical modality and the surgical margin, propertreatment of postoperative complications, and the selecting rightradiotherapy or chemotherapy were the key factors in influencingthe prognostic outcome of children with tumor of posterior cranialfossa.
