Recent advancements in electrocatalysis have highlighted the exceptional application value of amorphous electrocatalysts. Withtheir unique atomic configurations, these electrocatalysts exhibit superior catalytic perfo...Recent advancements in electrocatalysis have highlighted the exceptional application value of amorphous electrocatalysts. Withtheir unique atomic configurations, these electrocatalysts exhibit superior catalytic performance compared to that of their crystalline coun-terparts. Transition metal(TM) amorphous ribbon-shaped electrocatalysts have recently emerged as a new frontier in the catalysis field.Dealloying is widely considered a fascinating method for enhancing the electrocatalyst performance. In this review, we comprehensivelyexamine the principles of water electrolysis, discuss the prevalent methods for fabricating ribbon-configured electrocatalysts, and providean overview of amorphous alloys. Furthermore, we discuss binary, ternary, and high-entropy amorphous TM-based electrocatalysts,which satisfy the requirements necessary for effective water electrolysis. We also propose strategies to enhance the activity of amorphousTM-based ribbons, including morphology control, defect engineering, composition optimization, and heterostructure creation in differentelectrolytes. Our focus extends to the latest developments in the design of heterogeneous micro/nanostructures, management of prepara-tion techniques, and synthesis of different compositions. Finally, we address the ongoing challenges and provide a perspective on the fu-ture development of broadly applicable, self-supporting TM ribbon-shaped electrocatalysts.展开更多
To study the influence of Fe addition on the Al-based amorphous alloys,the structure and properties of Al84Ni10La6 and Al84Ni9Fe1La6 alloys were investigated through various techniques.The results show that 1% Fe（mol...To study the influence of Fe addition on the Al-based amorphous alloys,the structure and properties of Al84Ni10La6 and Al84Ni9Fe1La6 alloys were investigated through various techniques.The results show that 1% Fe（molar fraction） addition increases the area of the pre-peak in the structure factor and decreases the thermal expansion coefficient difference between the crystalline and amorphous states.1% Fe addition also improves the glass forming ability（GFA）,micro-hardness,fracture toughness,electric resistivity,absolute diamagnetism and corrosion resistance of Al-Ni-La alloys,which is related to the changes of medium-range order and quench-in free volume caused by 1% Fe addition.展开更多
Al_(86)Ni_(8)Co_(1)La_(1)Y_(2)Gd_(2) amorphous coatings were prepared using cold gas kinetic spray technology.The results show that Al_(86)Ni_(8)Co_(1)La_(1)Y_(2)Gd_(2) amorphous coatings are achieved with the porosit...Al_(86)Ni_(8)Co_(1)La_(1)Y_(2)Gd_(2) amorphous coatings were prepared using cold gas kinetic spray technology.The results show that Al_(86)Ni_(8)Co_(1)La_(1)Y_(2)Gd_(2) amorphous coatings are achieved with the porosity about 3.2%,thickness about 893 μm,the amount of amorphous phase about 82.5%,the hardness about 300 HV0.2.The corrosion potential and anti-corrosion life of 7075 T6 alloy aluminum are about-0.78 V and 72 h,respectively.The electrochemical analysis and neutral salt spray are about-0.69 V corrosion potential and 274 h anti-corrosion life for amorphous Al-based coatings,respectively.Therefore,the life of the Albased amorphous coatings is about 3.8 times that of 7075 T6 aluminum alloy.Besides,the failure mechanism was analyzed using TEM in this investigation.In a word,Al_(86)Ni_(8)Co_(1)La_(1)Y_(2)Gd_(2) coatings keep dense structure,high amorphous content,favorable amorphous phase stabilizing ability and longer anticorrosion life.That is,Al_(86)Ni_(8)Co_(1)La_(1)Y_(2)Gd_(2) coatings have better comprehensive properties.Therefore,these findings indicate that the present Al_(86)Ni_(8)Co_(1)La_(1)Y_(2)Gd_(2) amorphous coatings prepared using cold gas kinetic spray technique can protect aluminum alloy very well and they can be considered to be used in aviation field.展开更多
Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） is usually used to identify the amorphicity. However, some artifacts may be introduced due to improper TEM foil preparation. In this paper, three Al-rich metallic glasses with ...Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） is usually used to identify the amorphicity. However, some artifacts may be introduced due to improper TEM foil preparation. In this paper, three Al-rich metallic glasses with and without a glass transition were selected for characterizing the effect of the electropolishing condition on the as-quenched structure during TEM specimen preparation. It is shown that the occurrence of the modulated bright-dark structure under TEM observation is closely sensitive to the electropolishing condition, which suggests us being careful about the possible artifacts induced by specimen preparation when examining amorphous alloys under TEM.展开更多
The Al-based amorphous and nanocrystalline composite coatings with the composition of Al-Ni-Y-Co and Al-Ni-Mm-Fe were prepared on AZ91 Mg-based alloys by high velocity arc spraying technique(HVAS).The structure charac...The Al-based amorphous and nanocrystalline composite coatings with the composition of Al-Ni-Y-Co and Al-Ni-Mm-Fe were prepared on AZ91 Mg-based alloys by high velocity arc spraying technique(HVAS).The structure character of the coatings indicates that coatings contain the mixture of amorphous phases and crystalline and there are both less than 2%porosity.The electrochemical tests of the coatings and the substrate were studied.The coatings show the passivation ability during polarization,but AZ91 Mg-based alloys show little passivation.The corrosion current density of the coatings is lower than that of AZ91 Mg-based alloys.The results show that the coatings have an excellent corrosion resistance for AZ91 Mg-based alloys in 5 wt%NaCl solution.展开更多
The corrosion-induced crystallization of Al94 exNixGd6（x=6 and 10, in at.%） metallic glasses as well as phase separation, oxidation and cracking in good conductivity solution has been investigated by various techniq...The corrosion-induced crystallization of Al94 exNixGd6（x=6 and 10, in at.%） metallic glasses as well as phase separation, oxidation and cracking in good conductivity solution has been investigated by various techniques.The transmission electronic microscopy（TEM） result reveals that crystalline intermetallics and oxides present on the electrochemically thinned hole edge, and the phase separation occurs in the matrix of the as-spun ribbons with the circumferential speed Rcof 29.3 m/s. In addition, the bending and cracking of the samples occur after corrosion. The influence of Ni content on the phase separation, bending and cracking can be explained by the fact that the percolation of the backbone clusters in the amorphous alloy melts and glasses is enhanced by increasing the composition of Ni.展开更多
The morbidity rate of primary cardiac tumors(PCTs)is only 0.0138%.[1]Calcified amorphous tumors(CATs)are a particularly rare entity with only a few cases reported in the literature,and account for only 2.47%of PCTs.[2...The morbidity rate of primary cardiac tumors(PCTs)is only 0.0138%.[1]Calcified amorphous tumors(CATs)are a particularly rare entity with only a few cases reported in the literature,and account for only 2.47%of PCTs.[2]CATs can occur at any age and have been identified at various intracardiac locations.The clinical manifestations of patients are related to the location and size of the lesion.展开更多
Recent advances in geoscience have underscored the critical role of abiogenic processes in petroleum formation,especially the formation and polymerization of methane.However,whether a direct carbon-H_(2) reaction can ...Recent advances in geoscience have underscored the critical role of abiogenic processes in petroleum formation,especially the formation and polymerization of methane.However,whether a direct carbon-H_(2) reaction can produce C_(2+)hydrocarbons(e.g.,ethane and propane)beyond methane remains an open question.Here,we demonstrate the direct synthesis of ethane and propane via reactions between amorphous carbon and H_(2) under upper mantle conditions(2-10 GPa and 800-1200℃).A systematic investigation reveals that increasing structural disorder in carbon precursors,from graphite to glassy carbon-Ⅱ and carbon black,enhances the production of C_(2)-C_(3) hydrocarbons.Through integrated X-ray diffraction and reverse Monte Carlo simulations,we establish that the continuous random atomic network structures in amorphous carbon enable one-step synthesis of heavy hydrocarbons with H_(2).These models establish a direct link between atomic-scale carbon structures and the one-step synthesis of C_(2+) hydrocarbons under H_(2)-rich,high-pressure,and high-temperature conditions—potentially revealing an efficient mechanism for the abiotic production of C_(2+) hydrocarbons in the upper mantle.展开更多
Photoelectrochemical seawater splitting is promising for renewable hydrogen,yet severe chloride corrosion remains a roadblock.Although amorphous catalysts improve hematite(α-Fe_(2)O_(3))photoanode activity,their defe...Photoelectrochemical seawater splitting is promising for renewable hydrogen,yet severe chloride corrosion remains a roadblock.Although amorphous catalysts improve hematite(α-Fe_(2)O_(3))photoanode activity,their defect-enabled functionality inherently accelerates structural degradation,exacerbating chloride-induced corrosion.Here,a synergistic dual-functional nano-armor is designed by anchoring phosphate(PO_(4)^(3-))to active sites on amorphous NiMoO_(4)(a-NiMoO_(4)@PO_(4)^(3-)),achieving dual activitystability enhancement.Detailed physicochemical characterization and density functional theory(DFT)calculations show that the successful and stable anchoring of phosphate is highly dependent on the amorphous structural properties of a-NiMoO_(4).Its rich disordered coordination environment provides sufficient highly reactive sites,allowing PO_(4)^(3-)to be firmly bound through strong coordination bonds,which is the key for the dual role of PO_(4)^(3-)coordination.As a dynamic Cl-shield,PO_(4)^(3-)coordinates unsaturated Ni sites,forming an anionic layer that resists Cl-via steric-electrostatic blocking.As an electronic modulator,PO_(4)^(3-)triggers metal-to-ligand charge transfer at Ni sites,depleting electron density to optimize the intermediate adsorption of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and reduce kinetic barriers.Simultaneously,this charge redistribution induces a built-in electric field that accelerates holeselective transport.Benefiting from these dual effects,the Fe_(2)O_(3)/a-NiMoO_(4)@PO_(4)^(3-)achieves 4 mA cm^(-2)at 1.23 V_(RHE) with exceptional stability in seawater.This work leverages the unique coordination flexibility of amorphous structures to construct a phosphate-coordinated bifunctional nano-armor on hematite photoanodes,which simultaneously enables efficient chloride exclusion and electronic structure optimization.The synergistic mechanism,rooted in strong phosphate anchoring on amorphous carriers,establishes a new design paradigm for photoelectrochemical systems that integrate high activity with extreme environmental stability,providing an efficient pathway toward corrosion-resistant seawater splitting.展开更多
High‐entropy amorphous catalysts(HEACs)integrate multielement synergy with structural disorder,making them promising candidates for water splitting.Their distinctive features—including flexible coordination environm...High‐entropy amorphous catalysts(HEACs)integrate multielement synergy with structural disorder,making them promising candidates for water splitting.Their distinctive features—including flexible coordination environments,tunable electronic structures,abundant unsaturated active sites,and dynamic structural reassembly—collectively enhance electrochemical activity and durability under operating conditions.This review summarizes recent advances in HEACs for hydrogen evolution,oxygen evolution,and overall water splitting,highlighting their disorder-driven advantages over crystalline counterparts.Catalytic performance benchmarks are presented,and mechanistic insights are discussed,focusing on how multimetallic synergy,amorphization effect,and in‐situ reconstruction cooperatively regulate reaction pathways.These insights provide guidance for the rational design of next‐generation amorphous high‐entropy electrocatalysts with improved efficiency and durability.展开更多
Amorphous metal-based catalysts are highly promising for water splitting due to their abundance of unsaturated active sites.Herein,we report a one-step,surfactant-free synthesis of amorphous nickel nanoparticles(NPs)e...Amorphous metal-based catalysts are highly promising for water splitting due to their abundance of unsaturated active sites.Herein,we report a one-step,surfactant-free synthesis of amorphous nickel nanoparticles(NPs)encapsulated in nitrogen-doped carbon shells(A-Ni@NC)via pulsed laser ablation in liquid(PLAL).The synergistic integration of the amorphous Ni core and a defect-rich N-doped carbon shell markedly enhanced the catalytic activities for both the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER),with low overpotentials of 182 mV for HER and 288 mV for OER at 10 mA cm^(-2)in 1.0 m KOH.Furthermore,the bifunctional catalyst achieved a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)at 1.63 V and retained 98.9%of its initial performance after 100 h of operation.The nitrogen-rich carbon shell not only offered abundant active sites and structural protection but also promoted charge transport.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations revealed that N-doping optimized intermediate adsorption energies,while the amorphous Ni core facilitated efficient electron transfer.This green and scalable synthesis strategy provides a promising platform for developing a wide range of transition metal@N-doped carbon hybrid catalysts for sustainable energy conversion applications.展开更多
Amorphous materials represent a promising platform for advancing CO_(2)electrochemical reduction due to their inherently diverse coordination environments.In this study,we demonstrate computationally the superior perf...Amorphous materials represent a promising platform for advancing CO_(2)electrochemical reduction due to their inherently diverse coordination environments.In this study,we demonstrate computationally the superior performance of amorphous CuNi alloys for CO_(2)electrochemical reduction.By integrating machine learning forcefields for efficient structure generation and density functional theory for subsequent structural refinement and property calculations,we reveal the potential of these disordered systems to outperform their crystalline counterparts.Machine learning forcefields can generate a bulk structure containing a mixture of Cu and Ni atoms,resulting in enhanced catalytic performance.Effective screening of the amorphous surfaces is used to identify undercoordinated Cu and Ni sites in the amorphous structure to synergistically promote selective CO production and favor ethanol formation over ethylene via the stabilization of the*COCHO intermediate,resulting in significantly lower Gibbs free energy changes compared to the crystalline counterpart.The varying atomic coordination environments on amorphous surfaces promote both C–C bond formation and subsequent proton-electron transfer,leading to ethanol formation.These findings demonstrate the superior catalytic performance of amorphous CuNi,highlighting its potential for efficient and selective electroreduction of CO_(2).展开更多
Transition metal selenides as sodium-ion hybrid capacitor(SIHC)anodes still suffer from amorphization difficulties and capacity degradation triggered by polyselenide dissolution.Herein,an atomistic amorphous strategy ...Transition metal selenides as sodium-ion hybrid capacitor(SIHC)anodes still suffer from amorphization difficulties and capacity degradation triggered by polyselenide dissolution.Herein,an atomistic amorphous strategy is proposed to construct adjacent Nb-Nb diatomic pairs with Se/O-coordination(Se4-Nb2-O2)in N-doped carbon-confined amorphous selenide clusters(a-Nb-Se/O@NC).Synergistic carbon confinement and hydrothermal oxygenation induce amorphization of Nb–Se bonds,eliminating crystalline rigidity while creating isotropic dual-ion transport channels and high-density active sites enriched with dangling bonds,thereby enhancing structural integrity and Na+storage capacity.The unique Se/O-coordinated Nb-Nb diatomic configuration establishes an electron-delocalized system,where the low electronegativity of Se counterbalances electron withdrawal from coordinated O at Nb centers.These strengthen d-p orbital hybridization,reduce Na+adsorption energy,and optimize charge transfer pathways and reaction kinetics in the amorphous clusters.Electrochemical tests reveal that the a-Nb-Se/O@NC anode delivers a high reversible capacity of 312.57 mAh g^(−1)and exceptional cyclic stability(103%capacity retention)after 5000 cycles at 10.0 A g^(−1).Assembled SIHCs achieve outstanding energy/power densities(207.1 Wh kg^(−1)/18966 W kg^(−1)),surpassing most amorphous and crystalline counterparts.This work provides methodological insights for the design of electrodes in high-power storage devices through atomic modulation and electronic optimization of amorphous selenides.展开更多
The introduction of two-dimensional(2D)perovskite layers on top of three-dimensional(3D)perovskite films enhances the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,the electronic effect of the spac...The introduction of two-dimensional(2D)perovskite layers on top of three-dimensional(3D)perovskite films enhances the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,the electronic effect of the spacer cation and the quality of the 2D capping layer are critical factors in achieving the required results.In this study,we compared two fluorinated salts:4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamidine hydrochloride(4TF-BA·HCl)and 4-fluorobenzamidine hydrochloride(4F-BA·HCl)to engineer the 3D/2D perovskite films.Surprisingly,4F-BA formed a high-performance 3D/2D heterojunction,while4TF-BA produced an amorphous layer on the perovskite films.Our findings indicate that the balanced intramolecular charge polarization,which leads to effective hydrogen bonding,is more favorable in 4F-BA than in 4TF-BA,promoting the formation of a crystalline 2D perovskite.Nevertheless,4TF-BA managed to improve efficiency to 24%,surpassing the control device,primarily due to the natural passivation capabilities of benzamidine.Interestingly,the devices based on 4F-BA demonstrated an efficiency exceeding 25%with greater longevity under various storage conditions compared to 4TF-BA-based and the control devices.展开更多
In sodium-ion hybrid capacitors(SIHCs),the high-capacity metal selenide anodes are severely limited by structural instability and polyselenide dissolution/shuttle during cycling.This study proposes an innovative strat...In sodium-ion hybrid capacitors(SIHCs),the high-capacity metal selenide anodes are severely limited by structural instability and polyselenide dissolution/shuttle during cycling.This study proposes an innovative strategy utilizing high-electronegativity N(χ=3.04)to modulate local electronic domains and stabilize amorphous Mo–Se coordination(N/Mo-Se).Through self-polymerization and tunable selenization,N-doped carbon(NC)nanospheres encapsulating N-stabilized amorphous Mo-Se clusters(N/Mo-Se@NC)are successfully constructed.Theoretical and experimental analyses reveal that N-optimization effectively reconstructs the electronic distribution of Mo–Se coordination via strong covalent Mo–N bonds.This significantly enhances the covalency of Mo-Se clusters and induces localized electronic domains,thereby substantially suppressing polyselenide dissolution/shuttle during cycling.Concurrently,the amorphous N/Mo-Se clusters provide isotropic ion diffusion pathways,and together with the threedimensional(3D)conductive networks of the NC,they jointly optimize charge transfer kinetics.The N/Mo-Se@NC anode exhibits a high reversible capacity of 328.7 mAh g^(-1)after 5000 cycles,even at 10.0 A g^(-1),with a remarkable capacity retention of 110%.The assembled N/Mo-Se@NC//AC SIHCs achieve high energy/power densities(236.1 Wh kg^(-1)/9990 W kg^(-1)),demonstrating superior comprehensive performance compared to most previously reported anodes.This study,through high-electronegativity atom modulation and amorphization engineering,opens new avenues for designing highly stable and high-rate Na^(+) storage materials.展开更多
Metal hydrides with high hydrogen density provide promising hydrogen storage paths for hydrogen transportation.However,the requirement of highly pure H_(2)for re-hydrogenation limits its wide application.Here,amorphou...Metal hydrides with high hydrogen density provide promising hydrogen storage paths for hydrogen transportation.However,the requirement of highly pure H_(2)for re-hydrogenation limits its wide application.Here,amorphous Al_(2)O_(3)shells(10 nm)were deposited on the surface of highly active hydrogen storage material particles(MgH_(2)-ZrTi)by atomic layer deposition to obtain MgH_(2)-ZrTi@Al_(2)O_(3),which have been demonstrated to be air stable with selective adsorption of H_(2)under a hydrogen atmosphere with different impurities(CH_(4),O_(2),N_(2),and CO_(2)).About 4.79 wt% H_(2)was adsorbed by MgH_(2)-ZrTi@10nmAl_(2)O_(3)at 75℃under 10%CH_(4)+90%H_(2)atmosphere within 3 h with no kinetic or density decay after 5 cycles(~100%capacity retention).Furthermore,about 4 wt%of H_(2)was absorbed by MgH_(2)-ZrTi@10nmAl_(2)O_(3)under 0.1%O_(2)+0.4%N_(2)+99.5%H_(2)and 0.1%CO_(2)+0.4%N_(2)+99.5%H_(2)atmospheres at 100℃within 0.5 h,respectively,demonstrating the selective hydrogen absorption of MgH_(2)-ZrTi@10nmAl_(2)O_(3)in both oxygen-containing and carbon dioxide-containing atmospheres hydrogen atmosphere.The absorption and desorption curves of MgH_(2)-ZrTi@10nmAl_(2)O_(3)with and without absorption in pure hydrogen and then in 21%O_(2)+79%N_(2)for 1 h were found to overlap,further confirming the successful shielding effect of Al_(2)O_(3)shells against O_(2)and N_(2).The MgH_(2)-ZrTi@10nmAl_(2)O_(3)has been demonstrated to be air stable and have excellent selective hydrogen absorption performance under the atmosphere with CH_(4),O_(2),N_(2),and CO_(2).展开更多
Self-supported nanoarrays have emerged as a promising alternative electrocatalyst for alkaline H_(2)O splitting,owing to their accessible active sites and strongly coupled interfaces with current collectors for improv...Self-supported nanoarrays have emerged as a promising alternative electrocatalyst for alkaline H_(2)O splitting,owing to their accessible active sites and strongly coupled interfaces with current collectors for improved mass transfer and stability.Herein,self-supported crystalline/amorphous NiO/Ni(OH)_(2)nanosheet arrays on nickel foam(NF)are fabricated via an in-situ dissolution-deposition hydrothermal growing of Ni(OH)_(2)nanosheets without additional metal sources assisted by a common Lewis base,EDTA,followed by a rapid calcination at 300℃in air.The as-prepared EDTA-NF-12 h exhibits high OER and HER performance under alkaline conditions,requiring 235 mV and 158 mV,respectively,to reach 10 mA cm^(-2),and the decent performance can be maintained for 24 h without obvious degradation.The dual interfaces,i.e.,the dense crystalline/amorphous interfaces within the NiO/Ni(OH)_(2)nanosheet arrays,as well as the intimate interfaces between nanoarrays and NF,both serve as reaction active sites,facilitate electron transfer,and endow the catalyst with high activity and stability.Furthermore,by applying EDTA-Ni^(2+)and other Lewis bases with varying basicities instead of EDTA,the interfaces with the NF substrate are found to promote the formation of crystalline/amorphous interfaces within the nanosheets.This study offers appealing opportunities for tailoring the electrocatalytic performance of self-supported electrodes via dual interface engineering.展开更多
Exploring high-performance and cost-effective electrocatalysts that are applicable in oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is crucial for water splitting and energy storage.In this work,a facile and scalable chemical reducti...Exploring high-performance and cost-effective electrocatalysts that are applicable in oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is crucial for water splitting and energy storage.In this work,a facile and scalable chemical reduction strategy is developed to synthesize FeCoNiPB non-noble metal-based amorphous high-entropy oxides for the OER in alkaline media.The FeCoNiPB oxides exhibit overpotentials of 235 and 306 mV at current densities of 10 and 100 mA/cm^(2),respectively,as well as a small Tafel slope of 53 mV/dec in 1.0 M KOH solution,outperforming the performance of FeCoPB,FeNiPB,and CoNiPB oxides and the commercial RuO_(2),while maintaining excellent stability with negligible overpotential amplification over 40 h.The superior OER electrocatalytic efficiency and stability of the FeCoNiPB catalyst is primarily attributed to its unique amorphous high-entropy nanostructure,synergistic effect of the multiple components,and in situ-formed amorphous sheets with a thin(FeCoNi)OOH crystalline layer on the edge during long-term OER.This work provides new insights to design and prepare low-cost,highly efficient,and durable OER electrocatalysts.展开更多
Amorphous metal-based catalysts(AMCs)have sparked intense research interests in the field of electrocatalysis elicited by their hallmark features such as unlimited volume and morphology,manipulated electronic structur...Amorphous metal-based catalysts(AMCs)have sparked intense research interests in the field of electrocatalysis elicited by their hallmark features such as unlimited volume and morphology,manipulated electronic structures,enriched defects,and unsaturated surface atom coordination.Nevertheless,the manipulation of the amorphous phase in metal-based catalysts is so far impractical,and thus their electrocatalytic mechanism yet remains ambiguous.In this review,the latest advances in AMCs are systematically reviewed,covering amorphous-phase engineering strategy,structure manipulation,and amorphization of various material categories for electrocatalysis.Specifically,a series of applications of AMCs in electrocatalysis for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)are summarized based on the classification criteria of substances.Finally,we put forward current challenges that have not yet been clarified in the field of AMCs,and propose possible solutions,particularly from the perspective of the evolution of electron microscopy.It is expected to promote the understanding of the amorphization-catalysis relationship and provide a guideline for designing high-performance electrocatalysts.展开更多
The Al-Ni-La-Ce-Pr-Nd amorphous ribbon with a super-thickness of 140 mm has been produced by the melt spinning technique. The thickness is as twice as that achieved by the melt spinning technique in the corresponding ...The Al-Ni-La-Ce-Pr-Nd amorphous ribbon with a super-thickness of 140 mm has been produced by the melt spinning technique. The thickness is as twice as that achieved by the melt spinning technique in the corresponding period (the largest thickness of 65 mm). The crystallization was characterized by using a differential scanning calorimetry. The activation energies are calculated based on the Kissinger equation and the effects of the La, Ce, Pr and Nd on the glass forming ability of Al-based alloy are discussed in the paper.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Yancheng Polytechnic College School-Level Scientific Research, China (No. ygy1903)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52001163, 52075237, and 52371157)+2 种基金the Open Project of Taihu Laboratory of Deep-Sea Technology Science, Key Research and Development Plan of Jiangsu Province, China (No. BE2019119)supported by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution (PAPD), Chinathe research funding for the Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professor Program, China。
文摘Recent advancements in electrocatalysis have highlighted the exceptional application value of amorphous electrocatalysts. Withtheir unique atomic configurations, these electrocatalysts exhibit superior catalytic performance compared to that of their crystalline coun-terparts. Transition metal(TM) amorphous ribbon-shaped electrocatalysts have recently emerged as a new frontier in the catalysis field.Dealloying is widely considered a fascinating method for enhancing the electrocatalyst performance. In this review, we comprehensivelyexamine the principles of water electrolysis, discuss the prevalent methods for fabricating ribbon-configured electrocatalysts, and providean overview of amorphous alloys. Furthermore, we discuss binary, ternary, and high-entropy amorphous TM-based electrocatalysts,which satisfy the requirements necessary for effective water electrolysis. We also propose strategies to enhance the activity of amorphousTM-based ribbons, including morphology control, defect engineering, composition optimization, and heterostructure creation in differentelectrolytes. Our focus extends to the latest developments in the design of heterogeneous micro/nanostructures, management of prepara-tion techniques, and synthesis of different compositions. Finally, we address the ongoing challenges and provide a perspective on the fu-ture development of broadly applicable, self-supporting TM ribbon-shaped electrocatalysts.
基金Projects(50871061,50871062,50831003 and 50631010)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2008BS04020)supported by the Excellent Youth Science and Technology Award of Shandong Province,China+2 种基金Project(NCET-06-584)supported by the New Century Talents Program of the Ministry of Education,ChinaProject(2007CB613901)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(LZUMMM2010008)supported by Open Project of Key Laboratory for Magnetism Materials of the Ministry of Education,China
文摘To study the influence of Fe addition on the Al-based amorphous alloys,the structure and properties of Al84Ni10La6 and Al84Ni9Fe1La6 alloys were investigated through various techniques.The results show that 1% Fe（molar fraction） addition increases the area of the pre-peak in the structure factor and decreases the thermal expansion coefficient difference between the crystalline and amorphous states.1% Fe addition also improves the glass forming ability（GFA）,micro-hardness,fracture toughness,electric resistivity,absolute diamagnetism and corrosion resistance of Al-Ni-La alloys,which is related to the changes of medium-range order and quench-in free volume caused by 1% Fe addition.
基金Project supported by the AVIC Unite Fund(KZ041605114)Civil Aircraft(MJ-2016-F-16)。
文摘Al_(86)Ni_(8)Co_(1)La_(1)Y_(2)Gd_(2) amorphous coatings were prepared using cold gas kinetic spray technology.The results show that Al_(86)Ni_(8)Co_(1)La_(1)Y_(2)Gd_(2) amorphous coatings are achieved with the porosity about 3.2%,thickness about 893 μm,the amount of amorphous phase about 82.5%,the hardness about 300 HV0.2.The corrosion potential and anti-corrosion life of 7075 T6 alloy aluminum are about-0.78 V and 72 h,respectively.The electrochemical analysis and neutral salt spray are about-0.69 V corrosion potential and 274 h anti-corrosion life for amorphous Al-based coatings,respectively.Therefore,the life of the Albased amorphous coatings is about 3.8 times that of 7075 T6 aluminum alloy.Besides,the failure mechanism was analyzed using TEM in this investigation.In a word,Al_(86)Ni_(8)Co_(1)La_(1)Y_(2)Gd_(2) coatings keep dense structure,high amorphous content,favorable amorphous phase stabilizing ability and longer anticorrosion life.That is,Al_(86)Ni_(8)Co_(1)La_(1)Y_(2)Gd_(2) coatings have better comprehensive properties.Therefore,these findings indicate that the present Al_(86)Ni_(8)Co_(1)La_(1)Y_(2)Gd_(2) amorphous coatings prepared using cold gas kinetic spray technique can protect aluminum alloy very well and they can be considered to be used in aviation field.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 50271070, 50323009, 50471076）.
文摘Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） is usually used to identify the amorphicity. However, some artifacts may be introduced due to improper TEM foil preparation. In this paper, three Al-rich metallic glasses with and without a glass transition were selected for characterizing the effect of the electropolishing condition on the as-quenched structure during TEM specimen preparation. It is shown that the occurrence of the modulated bright-dark structure under TEM observation is closely sensitive to the electropolishing condition, which suggests us being careful about the possible artifacts induced by specimen preparation when examining amorphous alloys under TEM.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(50905185)National"863"project of China(2009AA03Z342)
文摘The Al-based amorphous and nanocrystalline composite coatings with the composition of Al-Ni-Y-Co and Al-Ni-Mm-Fe were prepared on AZ91 Mg-based alloys by high velocity arc spraying technique(HVAS).The structure character of the coatings indicates that coatings contain the mixture of amorphous phases and crystalline and there are both less than 2%porosity.The electrochemical tests of the coatings and the substrate were studied.The coatings show the passivation ability during polarization,but AZ91 Mg-based alloys show little passivation.The corrosion current density of the coatings is lower than that of AZ91 Mg-based alloys.The results show that the coatings have an excellent corrosion resistance for AZ91 Mg-based alloys in 5 wt%NaCl solution.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51171091, 51471099)the Excellent Youth Project of Shandong Natural Science Foundation (No. JQ201012)the National Basic Research Program of China ("973 Program", No. 2012CB825702)
文摘The corrosion-induced crystallization of Al94 exNixGd6（x=6 and 10, in at.%） metallic glasses as well as phase separation, oxidation and cracking in good conductivity solution has been investigated by various techniques.The transmission electronic microscopy（TEM） result reveals that crystalline intermetallics and oxides present on the electrochemically thinned hole edge, and the phase separation occurs in the matrix of the as-spun ribbons with the circumferential speed Rcof 29.3 m/s. In addition, the bending and cracking of the samples occur after corrosion. The influence of Ni content on the phase separation, bending and cracking can be explained by the fact that the percolation of the backbone clusters in the amorphous alloy melts and glasses is enhanced by increasing the composition of Ni.
文摘The morbidity rate of primary cardiac tumors(PCTs)is only 0.0138%.[1]Calcified amorphous tumors(CATs)are a particularly rare entity with only a few cases reported in the literature,and account for only 2.47%of PCTs.[2]CATs can occur at any age and have been identified at various intracardiac locations.The clinical manifestations of patients are related to the location and size of the lesion.
基金mainly supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52288102, 52090020, and 52372261)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (Grant No. E202403045)+1 种基金the S&T Program of Hebei (Grant No. 225A1102D)the Ministry of Education Chang Jiang Scholar Professor Program (Grant No. T2022241)
文摘Recent advances in geoscience have underscored the critical role of abiogenic processes in petroleum formation,especially the formation and polymerization of methane.However,whether a direct carbon-H_(2) reaction can produce C_(2+)hydrocarbons(e.g.,ethane and propane)beyond methane remains an open question.Here,we demonstrate the direct synthesis of ethane and propane via reactions between amorphous carbon and H_(2) under upper mantle conditions(2-10 GPa and 800-1200℃).A systematic investigation reveals that increasing structural disorder in carbon precursors,from graphite to glassy carbon-Ⅱ and carbon black,enhances the production of C_(2)-C_(3) hydrocarbons.Through integrated X-ray diffraction and reverse Monte Carlo simulations,we establish that the continuous random atomic network structures in amorphous carbon enable one-step synthesis of heavy hydrocarbons with H_(2).These models establish a direct link between atomic-scale carbon structures and the one-step synthesis of C_(2+) hydrocarbons under H_(2)-rich,high-pressure,and high-temperature conditions—potentially revealing an efficient mechanism for the abiotic production of C_(2+) hydrocarbons in the upper mantle.
基金supported by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2022ME052)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22404153)+4 种基金the TaiShan Scholars of Shandong China(No.tsqn202306113 and tsqn202408081)the Excellent Youth Science Fund Project of Shandong China(No.2025HWYQ-032)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M753044)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZB20240693)the Natural Science Foundation of Qingdao(No.24-4-4-zrjj-9-jch)。
文摘Photoelectrochemical seawater splitting is promising for renewable hydrogen,yet severe chloride corrosion remains a roadblock.Although amorphous catalysts improve hematite(α-Fe_(2)O_(3))photoanode activity,their defect-enabled functionality inherently accelerates structural degradation,exacerbating chloride-induced corrosion.Here,a synergistic dual-functional nano-armor is designed by anchoring phosphate(PO_(4)^(3-))to active sites on amorphous NiMoO_(4)(a-NiMoO_(4)@PO_(4)^(3-)),achieving dual activitystability enhancement.Detailed physicochemical characterization and density functional theory(DFT)calculations show that the successful and stable anchoring of phosphate is highly dependent on the amorphous structural properties of a-NiMoO_(4).Its rich disordered coordination environment provides sufficient highly reactive sites,allowing PO_(4)^(3-)to be firmly bound through strong coordination bonds,which is the key for the dual role of PO_(4)^(3-)coordination.As a dynamic Cl-shield,PO_(4)^(3-)coordinates unsaturated Ni sites,forming an anionic layer that resists Cl-via steric-electrostatic blocking.As an electronic modulator,PO_(4)^(3-)triggers metal-to-ligand charge transfer at Ni sites,depleting electron density to optimize the intermediate adsorption of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and reduce kinetic barriers.Simultaneously,this charge redistribution induces a built-in electric field that accelerates holeselective transport.Benefiting from these dual effects,the Fe_(2)O_(3)/a-NiMoO_(4)@PO_(4)^(3-)achieves 4 mA cm^(-2)at 1.23 V_(RHE) with exceptional stability in seawater.This work leverages the unique coordination flexibility of amorphous structures to construct a phosphate-coordinated bifunctional nano-armor on hematite photoanodes,which simultaneously enables efficient chloride exclusion and electronic structure optimization.The synergistic mechanism,rooted in strong phosphate anchoring on amorphous carriers,establishes a new design paradigm for photoelectrochemical systems that integrate high activity with extreme environmental stability,providing an efficient pathway toward corrosion-resistant seawater splitting.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council(ARC)Projects(DP220101139,DP220101142,and LP240100542).
文摘High‐entropy amorphous catalysts(HEACs)integrate multielement synergy with structural disorder,making them promising candidates for water splitting.Their distinctive features—including flexible coordination environments,tunable electronic structures,abundant unsaturated active sites,and dynamic structural reassembly—collectively enhance electrochemical activity and durability under operating conditions.This review summarizes recent advances in HEACs for hydrogen evolution,oxygen evolution,and overall water splitting,highlighting their disorder-driven advantages over crystalline counterparts.Catalytic performance benchmarks are presented,and mechanistic insights are discussed,focusing on how multimetallic synergy,amorphization effect,and in‐situ reconstruction cooperatively regulate reaction pathways.These insights provide guidance for the rational design of next‐generation amorphous high‐entropy electrocatalysts with improved efficiency and durability.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(NRF-2023R1A2C1005419).
文摘Amorphous metal-based catalysts are highly promising for water splitting due to their abundance of unsaturated active sites.Herein,we report a one-step,surfactant-free synthesis of amorphous nickel nanoparticles(NPs)encapsulated in nitrogen-doped carbon shells(A-Ni@NC)via pulsed laser ablation in liquid(PLAL).The synergistic integration of the amorphous Ni core and a defect-rich N-doped carbon shell markedly enhanced the catalytic activities for both the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER),with low overpotentials of 182 mV for HER and 288 mV for OER at 10 mA cm^(-2)in 1.0 m KOH.Furthermore,the bifunctional catalyst achieved a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)at 1.63 V and retained 98.9%of its initial performance after 100 h of operation.The nitrogen-rich carbon shell not only offered abundant active sites and structural protection but also promoted charge transport.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations revealed that N-doping optimized intermediate adsorption energies,while the amorphous Ni core facilitated efficient electron transfer.This green and scalable synthesis strategy provides a promising platform for developing a wide range of transition metal@N-doped carbon hybrid catalysts for sustainable energy conversion applications.
基金partially funded by EPSRC (EP/T022213/1, EP/W032260/1 and EP/P020194/1) via our membership of the UK’s HEC Materials Chemistry Consortium, which is funded by EPSRC (EP/L000202)part of the “Advancing Solid Interface and Lubricants by First Principles Material Design (SLIDE)” project that has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant agreement No. 865633)
文摘Amorphous materials represent a promising platform for advancing CO_(2)electrochemical reduction due to their inherently diverse coordination environments.In this study,we demonstrate computationally the superior performance of amorphous CuNi alloys for CO_(2)electrochemical reduction.By integrating machine learning forcefields for efficient structure generation and density functional theory for subsequent structural refinement and property calculations,we reveal the potential of these disordered systems to outperform their crystalline counterparts.Machine learning forcefields can generate a bulk structure containing a mixture of Cu and Ni atoms,resulting in enhanced catalytic performance.Effective screening of the amorphous surfaces is used to identify undercoordinated Cu and Ni sites in the amorphous structure to synergistically promote selective CO production and favor ethanol formation over ethylene via the stabilization of the*COCHO intermediate,resulting in significantly lower Gibbs free energy changes compared to the crystalline counterpart.The varying atomic coordination environments on amorphous surfaces promote both C–C bond formation and subsequent proton-electron transfer,leading to ethanol formation.These findings demonstrate the superior catalytic performance of amorphous CuNi,highlighting its potential for efficient and selective electroreduction of CO_(2).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52573299)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi province(No.20242BAB25223,20232BCJ23025,20232BCJ25040,20232BAB214024)the Special Funding Program for Graduate Student Innovation of Jiangxi Province(No.YC2024-S594).
文摘Transition metal selenides as sodium-ion hybrid capacitor(SIHC)anodes still suffer from amorphization difficulties and capacity degradation triggered by polyselenide dissolution.Herein,an atomistic amorphous strategy is proposed to construct adjacent Nb-Nb diatomic pairs with Se/O-coordination(Se4-Nb2-O2)in N-doped carbon-confined amorphous selenide clusters(a-Nb-Se/O@NC).Synergistic carbon confinement and hydrothermal oxygenation induce amorphization of Nb–Se bonds,eliminating crystalline rigidity while creating isotropic dual-ion transport channels and high-density active sites enriched with dangling bonds,thereby enhancing structural integrity and Na+storage capacity.The unique Se/O-coordinated Nb-Nb diatomic configuration establishes an electron-delocalized system,where the low electronegativity of Se counterbalances electron withdrawal from coordinated O at Nb centers.These strengthen d-p orbital hybridization,reduce Na+adsorption energy,and optimize charge transfer pathways and reaction kinetics in the amorphous clusters.Electrochemical tests reveal that the a-Nb-Se/O@NC anode delivers a high reversible capacity of 312.57 mAh g^(−1)and exceptional cyclic stability(103%capacity retention)after 5000 cycles at 10.0 A g^(−1).Assembled SIHCs achieve outstanding energy/power densities(207.1 Wh kg^(−1)/18966 W kg^(−1)),surpassing most amorphous and crystalline counterparts.This work provides methodological insights for the design of electrodes in high-power storage devices through atomic modulation and electronic optimization of amorphous selenides.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Programs-Intergovernmental International Cooperation in Science and Technology Innovation Project(Grant No.2022YFE0118400)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2023JJ50132)+1 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(Grants Nos.JCYJ20220818100211025,and KCXST20221021111616039)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.20231128110928003)。
文摘The introduction of two-dimensional(2D)perovskite layers on top of three-dimensional(3D)perovskite films enhances the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,the electronic effect of the spacer cation and the quality of the 2D capping layer are critical factors in achieving the required results.In this study,we compared two fluorinated salts:4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamidine hydrochloride(4TF-BA·HCl)and 4-fluorobenzamidine hydrochloride(4F-BA·HCl)to engineer the 3D/2D perovskite films.Surprisingly,4F-BA formed a high-performance 3D/2D heterojunction,while4TF-BA produced an amorphous layer on the perovskite films.Our findings indicate that the balanced intramolecular charge polarization,which leads to effective hydrogen bonding,is more favorable in 4F-BA than in 4TF-BA,promoting the formation of a crystalline 2D perovskite.Nevertheless,4TF-BA managed to improve efficiency to 24%,surpassing the control device,primarily due to the natural passivation capabilities of benzamidine.Interestingly,the devices based on 4F-BA demonstrated an efficiency exceeding 25%with greater longevity under various storage conditions compared to 4TF-BA-based and the control devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52573299)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi province(Grant Nos.20242BAB25223,20232BCJ23025,20232BCJ25040,and 20232BAB214024)the Special Funding Program for Graduate Student Innovation of Jiangxi Province(No.YC2024-S594)。
文摘In sodium-ion hybrid capacitors(SIHCs),the high-capacity metal selenide anodes are severely limited by structural instability and polyselenide dissolution/shuttle during cycling.This study proposes an innovative strategy utilizing high-electronegativity N(χ=3.04)to modulate local electronic domains and stabilize amorphous Mo–Se coordination(N/Mo-Se).Through self-polymerization and tunable selenization,N-doped carbon(NC)nanospheres encapsulating N-stabilized amorphous Mo-Se clusters(N/Mo-Se@NC)are successfully constructed.Theoretical and experimental analyses reveal that N-optimization effectively reconstructs the electronic distribution of Mo–Se coordination via strong covalent Mo–N bonds.This significantly enhances the covalency of Mo-Se clusters and induces localized electronic domains,thereby substantially suppressing polyselenide dissolution/shuttle during cycling.Concurrently,the amorphous N/Mo-Se clusters provide isotropic ion diffusion pathways,and together with the threedimensional(3D)conductive networks of the NC,they jointly optimize charge transfer kinetics.The N/Mo-Se@NC anode exhibits a high reversible capacity of 328.7 mAh g^(-1)after 5000 cycles,even at 10.0 A g^(-1),with a remarkable capacity retention of 110%.The assembled N/Mo-Se@NC//AC SIHCs achieve high energy/power densities(236.1 Wh kg^(-1)/9990 W kg^(-1)),demonstrating superior comprehensive performance compared to most previously reported anodes.This study,through high-electronegativity atom modulation and amorphization engineering,opens new avenues for designing highly stable and high-rate Na^(+) storage materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22175136)the State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment(EIPE23127)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(xtr052024009).
文摘Metal hydrides with high hydrogen density provide promising hydrogen storage paths for hydrogen transportation.However,the requirement of highly pure H_(2)for re-hydrogenation limits its wide application.Here,amorphous Al_(2)O_(3)shells(10 nm)were deposited on the surface of highly active hydrogen storage material particles(MgH_(2)-ZrTi)by atomic layer deposition to obtain MgH_(2)-ZrTi@Al_(2)O_(3),which have been demonstrated to be air stable with selective adsorption of H_(2)under a hydrogen atmosphere with different impurities(CH_(4),O_(2),N_(2),and CO_(2)).About 4.79 wt% H_(2)was adsorbed by MgH_(2)-ZrTi@10nmAl_(2)O_(3)at 75℃under 10%CH_(4)+90%H_(2)atmosphere within 3 h with no kinetic or density decay after 5 cycles(~100%capacity retention).Furthermore,about 4 wt%of H_(2)was absorbed by MgH_(2)-ZrTi@10nmAl_(2)O_(3)under 0.1%O_(2)+0.4%N_(2)+99.5%H_(2)and 0.1%CO_(2)+0.4%N_(2)+99.5%H_(2)atmospheres at 100℃within 0.5 h,respectively,demonstrating the selective hydrogen absorption of MgH_(2)-ZrTi@10nmAl_(2)O_(3)in both oxygen-containing and carbon dioxide-containing atmospheres hydrogen atmosphere.The absorption and desorption curves of MgH_(2)-ZrTi@10nmAl_(2)O_(3)with and without absorption in pure hydrogen and then in 21%O_(2)+79%N_(2)for 1 h were found to overlap,further confirming the successful shielding effect of Al_(2)O_(3)shells against O_(2)and N_(2).The MgH_(2)-ZrTi@10nmAl_(2)O_(3)has been demonstrated to be air stable and have excellent selective hydrogen absorption performance under the atmosphere with CH_(4),O_(2),N_(2),and CO_(2).
基金the foundation of Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cells,the Guangdong Provincial Department of Education Innovation Project(No.2022KQNCX056)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2022A1515110354 and 2021A1515110582)。
文摘Self-supported nanoarrays have emerged as a promising alternative electrocatalyst for alkaline H_(2)O splitting,owing to their accessible active sites and strongly coupled interfaces with current collectors for improved mass transfer and stability.Herein,self-supported crystalline/amorphous NiO/Ni(OH)_(2)nanosheet arrays on nickel foam(NF)are fabricated via an in-situ dissolution-deposition hydrothermal growing of Ni(OH)_(2)nanosheets without additional metal sources assisted by a common Lewis base,EDTA,followed by a rapid calcination at 300℃in air.The as-prepared EDTA-NF-12 h exhibits high OER and HER performance under alkaline conditions,requiring 235 mV and 158 mV,respectively,to reach 10 mA cm^(-2),and the decent performance can be maintained for 24 h without obvious degradation.The dual interfaces,i.e.,the dense crystalline/amorphous interfaces within the NiO/Ni(OH)_(2)nanosheet arrays,as well as the intimate interfaces between nanoarrays and NF,both serve as reaction active sites,facilitate electron transfer,and endow the catalyst with high activity and stability.Furthermore,by applying EDTA-Ni^(2+)and other Lewis bases with varying basicities instead of EDTA,the interfaces with the NF substrate are found to promote the formation of crystalline/amorphous interfaces within the nanosheets.This study offers appealing opportunities for tailoring the electrocatalytic performance of self-supported electrodes via dual interface engineering.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51631003)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20191269).
文摘Exploring high-performance and cost-effective electrocatalysts that are applicable in oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is crucial for water splitting and energy storage.In this work,a facile and scalable chemical reduction strategy is developed to synthesize FeCoNiPB non-noble metal-based amorphous high-entropy oxides for the OER in alkaline media.The FeCoNiPB oxides exhibit overpotentials of 235 and 306 mV at current densities of 10 and 100 mA/cm^(2),respectively,as well as a small Tafel slope of 53 mV/dec in 1.0 M KOH solution,outperforming the performance of FeCoPB,FeNiPB,and CoNiPB oxides and the commercial RuO_(2),while maintaining excellent stability with negligible overpotential amplification over 40 h.The superior OER electrocatalytic efficiency and stability of the FeCoNiPB catalyst is primarily attributed to its unique amorphous high-entropy nanostructure,synergistic effect of the multiple components,and in situ-formed amorphous sheets with a thin(FeCoNi)OOH crystalline layer on the edge during long-term OER.This work provides new insights to design and prepare low-cost,highly efficient,and durable OER electrocatalysts.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52001222,52075361,and U21A20174)the Key National Scientific and Technological Cooperation Projects of Shanxi Province(No.202104041101008)+5 种基金the Major Science and Technology Project of Shanxi Province(No.20201102003)the Key Research and Development Projects in Shanxi Province(No.201903D421030)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(Nos.201701D221073 and 201901D111107)the Program for the Innovative Talents of Higher Education Institutions of Shanxi(PTIT)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi(STIP,No.2019L025)the Special Foundation for Youth San Jin scholars。
文摘Amorphous metal-based catalysts(AMCs)have sparked intense research interests in the field of electrocatalysis elicited by their hallmark features such as unlimited volume and morphology,manipulated electronic structures,enriched defects,and unsaturated surface atom coordination.Nevertheless,the manipulation of the amorphous phase in metal-based catalysts is so far impractical,and thus their electrocatalytic mechanism yet remains ambiguous.In this review,the latest advances in AMCs are systematically reviewed,covering amorphous-phase engineering strategy,structure manipulation,and amorphization of various material categories for electrocatalysis.Specifically,a series of applications of AMCs in electrocatalysis for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)are summarized based on the classification criteria of substances.Finally,we put forward current challenges that have not yet been clarified in the field of AMCs,and propose possible solutions,particularly from the perspective of the evolution of electron microscopy.It is expected to promote the understanding of the amorphization-catalysis relationship and provide a guideline for designing high-performance electrocatalysts.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50231040).
文摘The Al-Ni-La-Ce-Pr-Nd amorphous ribbon with a super-thickness of 140 mm has been produced by the melt spinning technique. The thickness is as twice as that achieved by the melt spinning technique in the corresponding period (the largest thickness of 65 mm). The crystallization was characterized by using a differential scanning calorimetry. The activation energies are calculated based on the Kissinger equation and the effects of the La, Ce, Pr and Nd on the glass forming ability of Al-based alloy are discussed in the paper.
