BACKGROUND The neural mechanisms underlying aggressive behavior in schizophrenia(SCZ)remain poorly understood.To date,no studies have reported on the event-related potential(ERP)characteristics of aggression in SCZ us...BACKGROUND The neural mechanisms underlying aggressive behavior in schizophrenia(SCZ)remain poorly understood.To date,no studies have reported on the event-related potential(ERP)characteristics of aggression in SCZ using the competitive reaction time task(CRTT).Further investigation into the ERP correlates of aggression in SCZ would provide valuable insights into the neural processes involved.AIM To explore the neural mechanism of aggressive behavior in SCZ.METHODS Participants of this study included 40 SCZ patients and 42 healthy controls(HCs).The Reactive Proactive Aggression Questionnaire was used to assess trait of aggression.The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11 was used to measure impulsiveness.The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale(PANSS)was used to evaluate psychopathological features and disease severity.All participants were measured with ERP while performing the CRTT.Data of behavior,ERP components(P2,N2,and P3),and feedback-related negativity(FRN)were analyzed.RESULTS Analysis of the behavioral data revealed that compared with HCs,SCZ patients exhibited higher punishment choices.Analysis of ERP components showed that compared with HCs,SCZ patients exhibited higher N2 amplitudes and P2 amplitudes during the decision phase of the CRTT;however,SCZ patients exhibited lower FRN amplitudes and lower P3 amplitudes during the outcome phase of the CRTT.The N2 amplitudes evoked by highintensity provocation were positively related to PANSS-P scores.And the P3 amplitudes evoked in the winning trials were negatively correlated with the PANSS-G scores.CONCLUSION SCZ patients exhibit abnormal ERP characteristics evoked by the CRTT,which suggests the neural correlates of aggressive behavior in SCZ.展开更多
Intraspecific conflict induced by the innate aggressiveness is one of the main reasons for the extremely low survival rate in mud crab Scylla paramamosain aquaculture,which have impeded the sustainable culture of the ...Intraspecific conflict induced by the innate aggressiveness is one of the main reasons for the extremely low survival rate in mud crab Scylla paramamosain aquaculture,which have impeded the sustainable culture of the species.In this study,we first classified and quantified the aggressive behavior,and established a crab aggressive behavior model,laying the foundation for subsequent research on evaluating combat intensity.The contents of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),dopamine(DA),and cAMP in the hemolymph of the mud crabs before and after fighting were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS),and the mud crabs exhibited a significant increase of 5-HT(P<0.05),while the DA and cAMP decreased significantly(P<0.05).In addition,we applied EthoVision to examine the changes of the crab behavior after DA administration.After 0.5 h of injection,the movement speed,distance,duration of aggressive behavior,and intensity of aggression in the high concentration DA group were significantly higher than those in the saline injection group and the untreated control group(P<0.05).The results of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT PCR)analysis showed that the expression of DA 1 in the thoracic ganglia of the mud crabs was significantly down-regulated in the DA injection group,and the aggressive behavior was weakened.Conversely,DA1 expression was up-regulated when aggressive behavior was strengthened.Besides,there were significant differences in the expression levels of receptor expression genes including 5-HT1,5-HT2,and crustacean hyperglycemic hormone(CHH)in different tissues,indicating that the alteration of aggressive behavior of the mud crab after injection with different concentrations of DA could be regulated by changes in the expression levels of corresponding receptor genes.Our results contribute to a deeper analysis of the aggressive behavior mechanism of the mud crabs and provide a theoretical basis for reducing fighting-related mortalities in aquaculture.展开更多
BACKGROUND Depression is a prevalent mental health disorder with significant impacts on individuals and families.We hypothesize that combining family cognitive therapy(FCT)with pharmacotherapy will be more effective i...BACKGROUND Depression is a prevalent mental health disorder with significant impacts on individuals and families.We hypothesize that combining family cognitive therapy(FCT)with pharmacotherapy will be more effective in managing depression and improving family dynamics than pharmacotherapy alone.AIM To investigate the effects of FCT combined with sertraline on depression,aggressive behavior,and family functioning in patients with major depressive disorder(MDD).METHODS This study involved 178 patients diagnosed with MDD at the Shaoxing 7th People's Hospital from January 2022 to April 2024.Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they received FCT.FCT included both patientfocused cognitive therapy and family-focused psychological guidance over a 12-week period.RESULTS The observation group receiving combined treatment showed significantly greater reductions in depressive symptoms(Beck Depression Inventory scores:27.4±4.7 to 18.6±5.2)compared to the control group(28.1±5.5 to 20.9±4.9),with P=0.031 for the difference between groups.Improvements in family functioning and marital quality were also observed,with P<0.001 for key dimensions on the Family Assessment Device and Enrich Marital Scale.CONCLUSION The combination of FCT with sertraline effectively reduces depressive symptoms and improves family dynamics in patients with MDD.展开更多
Approximately 5%of patients with renal cancer present with synchronous bilateral renal masses(SBRM).1,2 Bilateral renal tumors associated with hereditary syndromes often exhibit more aggressive biological behaviors co...Approximately 5%of patients with renal cancer present with synchronous bilateral renal masses(SBRM).1,2 Bilateral renal tumors associated with hereditary syndromes often exhibit more aggressive biological behaviors compared to sporadic SBRM cases.3,4 Notably,the prognosis for sporadic cases,in terms of cancerspecific and distant metastasis-free survival,is comparable to that of unilateral renal masses.展开更多
Stress studies frequently utilize physical stressors to establish animal models of stress. In the majority of cases, these models are not consistent with human circumstances. The present study simulated a social isola...Stress studies frequently utilize physical stressors to establish animal models of stress. In the majority of cases, these models are not consistent with human circumstances. The present study simulated a social isolation plus resident intruder stress model in the rat. The rats were subjected to daily social isolation and resident intruder stress for 2 weeks. Behaviors were then tested. Rats subjected to social stress exhibited different aggressive behavior styles; some rats had greater scores on composite aggression behaviors, as well as locomotor and exploratory activity, but lower scores on latency than others. The high-aggressive group exhibited predominantly anger-out, while the low-aggressive group exhibited anger-in. Results suggest that social isolation plus resident intruder may serve as an appropriate model for anger-in and anger-out emotion modeling in the rat.展开更多
Objective To explore the endocfinal factors which influence the aggressive behavior of adolescents. Methods The levels of cortisol （CORT）, testosterone （T）, prolactin （PRL）, and growth hormone （GH） in saliva f...Objective To explore the endocfinal factors which influence the aggressive behavior of adolescents. Methods The levels of cortisol （CORT）, testosterone （T）, prolactin （PRL）, and growth hormone （GH） in saliva from 20 aggressive students and 20 non-aggressive control students were measured by radioimmunoassay （RIA）. The students were matched for their gender, age, grade, stage of pubertal development, and economic status of their families. Results The salivary T levels were 22.20±14.50 pg/mL and 19.54±12.52 pg/mL in aggressive male and female students, 13.20±6.85 pg/mL and 5.24±3.03 pg/mL in non-aggressive male and female students （P〈0.05）. The male aggressive students had a lower level of CORT in saliva than non-aggressive male students （P〈0.05）. There were no significant differences in the salivary levels of PRL or GH between the aggressive and non-aggressive groups. Correlation analysis revealed a negative relationship in male students between the salivary CORT levels and the aggression factor scores of the child behavior checklist （CBCL）. In addition, the data also showed a positive relationship between the salivary T levels and the aggression factor scores of CBCL in female students. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the salivary CORT level was an independent predictive factor for aggressive behaviors in adolescent boys. The higher the CORT level, the less aggressive the boys were. Conclusion CORT and T levels may play a certain role in adolescent aggressive behaviors.展开更多
Background Accumulating evidence from human trials and rodent studies has indicated that modulation of gut microbiota affects host physiological homeostasis and behavioral characteristics.Similarly,alterations in gut ...Background Accumulating evidence from human trials and rodent studies has indicated that modulation of gut microbiota affects host physiological homeostasis and behavioral characteristics.Similarly,alterations in gut micro-biota could be a feasible strategy for reducing aggressive behavior and improving health in chickens.The study was conducted to determine the effects of early-life cecal microbiota transplantation(CMT)on cecal microbial composi-tion,brain serotonergic activity,and aggressive behavior of recipient chickens.Methods Chicken lines 63 and 72 with nonaggressive and aggressive behavior,respectively,were used as donors and a commercial strain Dekalb XL was used as recipients for CMT.Eighty-four 1-d-old male chicks were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments with 7 cages per treatment and 4 chickens per cage(n=7):saline(control,CTRL),cecal solution of line 6_(3)(6_(3)-CMT),and cecal solution of line 7_(2)(7_(2)-CMT).Transplantation was conducted via oral gavage once daily from d 1 to 10,and then boosted once weekly from week 3 to 5.At weeks 5 and 16,home-cage behavior was recorded,and chickens with similar body weights were assigned to paired aggression tests between the treat-ments.Samples of blood,brain,and cecal content were collected from the post-tested chickens to detect CMT-induced biological and microbiota changes.Results 63-CMT chickens displayed less aggressive behavior with a higher hypothalamic serotonergic activity at week 5.Correspondingly,two amplicon sequence variants(ASVs)belonging to Lachnospiraceae and one Ruminococ-caceae UCG-005 ASV were positively correlated with the levels of brain tryptophan and serotonin,respectively.7_(2)-CMT chickens had lower levels of brain norepinephrine and dopamine at week 5 with higher levels of plasma serotonin and tryptophan at week 16.ASVs belonging to Mollicutes RF39 and GCA-900066225 in 7_(2)-CMT chickens were nega-tively correlated with the brain 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5-HIAA)at week 5,and one Bacteroides ASV was negatively correlated with plasma serotonin at week 16.Conclusion Results indicate that CMT at an early age could regulate aggressive behavior via modulating the cecal microbial composition,together with central serotonergic and catecholaminergic systems in recipient chickens.The selected CMT could be a novel strategy for reducing aggressive behavior through regulating signaling along the microbiota-gut-brain axis.展开更多
In order to identify family factors obviously relevant to aggression, and offer a theoretical foundation for the prevention of aggression, 4010 students from primary and secondary schools in 5 different areas in Hubei...In order to identify family factors obviously relevant to aggression, and offer a theoretical foundation for the prevention of aggression, 4010 students from primary and secondary schools in 5 different areas in Hubei province were surveyed. The Child Behavior Checklist ＂ parents＂ form＂ （Chinese version） and the four scales of Family Environment Scale were used. A multiple logistic regression was used to identify risk factors of children＇s and adolescents＂ aggressive behavior. The results showed that maternal education, paternal occupation, family type, parental child-rearing attitude and patterns, students＂ interpersonal relationship were significantly associated with the childreffs and adolescents＂ aggression. The risk factors of aggression were parental child-rearing patterns, peer relationship, teacher-student relationship, and family conflicts.展开更多
Explicit traffic control measures are absent in uncontrolled intersections which make them susceptible to frequent conflicts and resulting collisions between vehicles. In developing countries like India, drivers at su...Explicit traffic control measures are absent in uncontrolled intersections which make them susceptible to frequent conflicts and resulting collisions between vehicles. In developing countries like India, drivers at such intersections do not yield to higher priority movements which cause more crashes between vehicles. The objective of this study is to analyze and model the gap acceptance behavior of minor street drivers at uncontrolled T-intersections considering their aggressive nature. Three intersections in the northeast region of India have been selected as the case study area. Preliminary analysis of the data revealed that drivers behave aggressively, not because they have to wait for a long time at the stop line, but because of their lack of respect for traffic rules. Binary logit models are developed for minor road right turning vehicles which show that gap acceptance behavior is influenced by gap duration, clearing time and aggressive nature of drivers. The equations obtained were used to estimate the critical gaps for aggressive and non-aggressive drivers. Critical gaps are also calculated using an existing method called clearing behavior approach. It is also shown that the estimation of critical gap is more realistic if clearing time and aggressive behavior of drivers are considered.展开更多
Serotonin 5-HT2A receptors are playing an important role in the pathophysiology of aggressive behaviors and in the control of immune function. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of activation and blockade o...Serotonin 5-HT2A receptors are playing an important role in the pathophysiology of aggressive behaviors and in the control of immune function. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of activation and blockade of 5-HT2A receptors with selective ligands on the immune response formation in animals with aggressive behaviors induced by genetic factors (rats selected for the increased aggressiveness toward human) or by chronic social stress (mice of the CBA/Lac strain engaged in 10 days of social confrontations). Activation of 5-HT2A receptors with DOI at 1.0 mg/kg reduced the immune response level both in aggressive rats and mice compared to the corresponding vehicle-treated groups, while DOI administration did not alter the immune reaction in nonaggressive animals. The blockade of 5-HT2A receptors with ketanserin at 1.0 mg/kg resulted in immunostimulation both in mice of the CBA strain not subjected to social stress (the controls) and in nonaggressive rats selected for elimination of aggressiveness. On the other hand, its administration to CBA mice demonstrating offensive aggression enhanced the immune reaction, while the same dose of ketanserin did not modify the immune response level in rats with genetic predisposition to the increased defensive aggression. Thus, our data suggest that the role of 5-HT2A receptors in immunomodulation depends on the specific type of aggression that may be taking into account in the treatment of some neuropsychiatric disorders with the antipsychotic drugs and antidepressants targeting 5-HT2A receptors.展开更多
Objective: to analyze the application value of targeted nursing. Methods: 90 patients with mania in our hospital were selected as the research object, from September 2020 to September 2021. All patients were divided i...Objective: to analyze the application value of targeted nursing. Methods: 90 patients with mania in our hospital were selected as the research object, from September 2020 to September 2021. All patients were divided into the reference group (receiving routine care) and the research group (receiving targeted care) with 45 patients in each group by randomly selecting color balls. Compliance, risk factors, bad mood, aggressive behavior and family satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results: the patients' compliance and family satisfaction in the research group were significantly higher than those in the reference group (P < 0.05), the SAS and SDS scores were significantly lower than those in the reference group (P < 0.05), and the BRMS scores were significantly lower than those in the reference group (P < 0.05). The main risk factors of aggressive behavior in manic patients included social interest, social ability and psychiatric performance. The patients in the research group had a lower risk after nursing. Conclusion: targeted nursing has a high application value. By analyzing the causes of the disease and giving nursing intervention, it can effectively improve the negative emotions of manic patients, improve patients' compliance with nursing work, and obtain a satisfactory nursing effect. It has promotion value.展开更多
BACKGROUND Schizophrenic patients are prone to violence,frequent recurrence,and difficult to predict.Emotional and behavioral abnormalities during the onset of the disease,resulting in active myocardial enzyme spectru...BACKGROUND Schizophrenic patients are prone to violence,frequent recurrence,and difficult to predict.Emotional and behavioral abnormalities during the onset of the disease,resulting in active myocardial enzyme spectrum.AIM To explored the expression level of myocardial enzymes in patients with schizo-phrenia and its predictive value in the occurrence of violence.METHODS A total of 288 patients with schizophrenia in our hospital from February 2023 to January 2024 were selected as the research object,and 100 healthy people were selected as the control group.Participants’information,clinical data,and labo-ratory examination data were collected.According to Modified Overt Aggression Scale score,patients were further divided into the violent(123 cases)and non-violent group(165 cases).RESULTS The comparative analysis revealed significant differences in serum myocardial enzyme levels between patients with schizophrenia and healthy individuals.In the schizophrenia group,the violent and non-violent groups also exhibited different levels of serum myocardial enzymes.The levels of myocardial enzymes in the non-violent group were lower than those in the violent group,and the patients in the latter also displayed aggressive behavior in the past.CONCLUSION Previous aggressive behavior and the level of myocardial enzymes are of great significance for the diagnosis and prognosis analysis of violent behavior in patients with schizophrenia.By detecting changes in these indicators,we can gain a more comprehensive understanding of a patient’s condition and treatment.展开更多
Aggressive behavior among piglets is considered a harmful social contact.Monitoring weaned piglets with intense aggressive behaviors is paramount for pig breeding management.This study introduced a novel hybrid model,...Aggressive behavior among piglets is considered a harmful social contact.Monitoring weaned piglets with intense aggressive behaviors is paramount for pig breeding management.This study introduced a novel hybrid model,PAB-Mamba-YOLO,integrating the principles of Mamba and YOLO for efficient visual detection of weaned piglets'aggressive behaviors,including climbing body,nose hitting,biting tail and biting ear.Within the proposed model,a novel CSPVSS module,which integrated the Cross Stage Partial(CSP)structure with the Visual State Space Model(VSSM),has been developed.This module was adeptly integrated into the Neck part of the network,where it harnessed convolutional capabilities for local feature extraction and leveraged the visual state space to reveal long-distance dependencies.The model exhibited sound performance in detecting aggressive behaviors,with an average precision(AP)of 0.976 for climbing body,0.994 for nose hitting,0.977 for biting tail and 0.994 for biting ear.The mean average precision(mAP)of 0.985 reflected the model's overall effectiveness in detecting all classes of aggressive behaviors.The model achieved a detection speed FPS of 69 f/s,with model complexity measured by 7.2 G floating-point operations(GFLOPs)and parameters(Params)of 2.63 million.Comparative experiments with existing prevailing models confirmed the superiority of the proposed model.This work is expected to contribute a glimmer of fresh ideas and inspiration to the research field of precision breeding and behavioral analysis of animals.展开更多
AIM： To retrospectively analyze the imaging features of solid-pseudopapillary tumors （SPTs） of the pancreas on multi-detector row computed tomography （MDCT） and define the imaging findings suggestive of malignant...AIM： To retrospectively analyze the imaging features of solid-pseudopapillary tumors （SPTs） of the pancreas on multi-detector row computed tomography （MDCT） and define the imaging findings suggestive of malignant potential. METHODS： A total of 24 consecutive cases with surgically and pathologically confirmed SPTs of the pancreas underwent preoperative abdominal MDCT studies in our hospital. All axial CT images, CT angiographic images, and coronally and sagittally reformed images were obtained. The images were retrospectively reviewed at interactive picture archiving and communication system workstations. RESULTS： Of the 24 cases of SPTs, 11 cases （45.8%） occurred in the pancreatic head and seven （29.1%） in the tail. Eighteen were pathologically diagnosed as benign and six as malignant. MDCT diagnosis of SPTs was well correlated with the surgical and pathological results （Kappa = 0.6, P 〈 0.05）. The size of SPTs ranged from 3 to 15 cm （mean, 5.8 cm）. When the size of the tumor was greater than 6 cm （including 6 cm）, the possibilities of vascular （8 vs 1） and capsular invasion （9 vs 0） increased significantly （P 〈 0.05）.Two pathologically benign cases with vascular invasion and disrupted capsule on MDCT presented with local recurrence and hepatic metastases during follow-up about 1 year after the resection of the primary tumors. CONCLUSION： Vascular and capsular invasion with superimposed spread into the adjacent pancreatic parenchyrna and nearby structures in SPTs of the pancreas can be accurately revealed by MDCT preoperatively. These imaging findings are predictive of the malignant potential associated with the aggressive behavior of the tumor, even in the pathologically benign cases.展开更多
BACKGROUND Regenerating gene 4(REG4)has been proved to be carcinogenic in some cancers,but its manifestation and possible carcinogenic mechanisms in colorectal cancer(CRC)have not yet been elucidated.Our previous stud...BACKGROUND Regenerating gene 4(REG4)has been proved to be carcinogenic in some cancers,but its manifestation and possible carcinogenic mechanisms in colorectal cancer(CRC)have not yet been elucidated.Our previous study found that the drug resistance of CRC cells may be closely linked to their fat metabolism.AIM To explore the role of REG4 in CRC and its association with lipid droplet formation and chemoresistance.METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis and bioinformatics and pathological analyses of REG4 expression in CRC.The effects of REG4 on the phenotypes and related protein expression were also investigated in CRC cells.We detected the impacts of REG4 on the chemoresistance and lipid droplet formation in CRC cells.Finally,we analyzed how REG4 regulated the transcription and proteasomal degradation of lipogenic enzymes in CRC cells.RESULTS Compared to normal mucosa,REG4 mRNA expression was high in CRC(P<0.05)but protein expression was low.An inverse correlation existed between lymph node and distant metastases,tumor-node-metastasis staging or short overall survival and REG4 mRNA overexpression(P<0.05),but vice versa for REG4 protein expression.REG4-related genes included:Chemokine activity;taste receptors;protein-DNA and DNA packing complexes;nucleosomes and chromatin;generation of second messenger molecules;programmed cell death signals;epigenetic regulation and DNA methylation;transcription repression and activation by DNA binding;insulin signaling pathway;sugar metabolism and transfer;and neurotransmitter receptors(P<0.05).REG4 exposure or overexpression promoted proliferation,antiapoptosis,migration,and invasion of DLD-1 cells in an autocrine or paracrine manner by activating the epidermal growth factor receptor-phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt-nuclear factor-κB pathway.REG4 was involved in chemoresistance not through de novo lipogenesis,but lipid droplet assembly.REG4 inhibited the transcription of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1(ACC1)and ATP-citrate lyase(ACLY)by disassociating the complex formation of anti-acetyl(AC)-acetyl-histone 3-AC-histone 4-inhibitor of growth protein-5-si histone deacetylase;-sterol-regulatory element binding protein 1 in their promoters and induced proteasomal degradation of ACC1 or ACLY.CONCLUSION REG4 may be involved in chemoresistance through lipid droplet assembly.REG4 reduces expression of de novo lipid synthesis key enzymes by inhibiting transcription and promoting ubiquitination-mediated proteasomal degradation.展开更多
Ant colonies self-organize to solve complex problems despite the simplicity of an individual ant＇s brain. Pavement ant Tetramorium caespitum colonies must solve the problem of defending the ter- ritory that they patr...Ant colonies self-organize to solve complex problems despite the simplicity of an individual ant＇s brain. Pavement ant Tetramorium caespitum colonies must solve the problem of defending the ter- ritory that they patrol in search of energetically rich forage. When members of 2 colonies randomly interact at the territory boundary a decision to fight occurs when： 1） there is a mismatch in nest- mate recognition cues and 2） each ant has a recent history of high interaction rates with nestmate ants. Instead of fighting, some ants will decide to recruit more workers from the nest to the fighting location, and in this way a positive feedback mediates the development of colony wide wars. In ants, the monoamines serotonin （5-HT） and octopamine （OA） modulate many behaviors associated with colony organization and in particular behaviors associated with nestmate recognition and ag- gression. In this article, we develop and explore an agent-based model that conceptualizes how in- dividual changes in brain concentrations of 5-HT and OA, paired with a simple threshold-based de- cision rule, can lead to the development of colony wide warfare. Model simulations do lead to the development of warfare with 91% of ants fighting at the end of 1 h. When conducting a sensitivity analysis, we determined that uncertainty in monoamine concentration signal decay influences the behavior of the model more than uncertainty in the decision-making rule or density. We conclude that pavement ant behavior is consistent with the detection of interaction rate through a single timed interval rather than integration of multiple interactions.展开更多
We studied early development of peer dominance relationships in a captive group of Japanese macaques Macaca fuscata fuscata at the Primate Research Institute of Kyoto University. This study aims to give detailed descr...We studied early development of peer dominance relationships in a captive group of Japanese macaques Macaca fuscata fuscata at the Primate Research Institute of Kyoto University. This study aims to give detailed descriptions on characteristic patterns of maternal rank acquisition from infant to juvenile. Focal subjects were 22 young monkeys belonging to three cohorts born in 2002, 2003 and 2005. Data were collected with a total 2130 sessions of 30-minute continuous recording of focal subjects combined with all occurrence-sampling methods. The onset of aggressive behavior varied per cohort and was delayed in cohorts with fewer close-aged associates. More than 60% of dyadic combinations in agonistic interactions between peers were unidirectional throughout the study period. Although some bidirectional interactions could have involved unstable relationships between particular individuals, most of the bidirectional interactions included a few continuous series of alternating one-sided interactions. A linear order could be found among peers from the first appearance of aggressive behavior, and nearly 90% of those dyads were concordant with that of their mother＇s rank order. Young males were responsible for most of the dominance relations that would not be predicted based on their mother＇s rank. These results suggest that infant monkeys may recognize their own social status relative to their opponent＇s before onset of aggressive behavior and adjust themselves into the matrilineal rank system accordingly.展开更多
Introduction:Once the enormity of online games took over the attention of many teens and children so that it brought a big change.Aggressive behavior among adolescents especially high school students from year to year...Introduction:Once the enormity of online games took over the attention of many teens and children so that it brought a big change.Aggressive behavior among adolescents especially high school students from year to year is increasing both in number and forms of aggressive behavior that is raised.Objectives:This study aims to determine the relationship between playing online games and aggressive behavior of high school students in Jayapura.Methods:The research method used was analytical research using cross sectional design.Study the relationship between two variables in a situation or group of objects using a simple linear regression statistical test.Result:The correlation effect of Length Playing Game Online with aggressively behavior of students in High School logistic test results obtained meaningful results where the value of p=0,00<0.05.This means that there is an influence or relationship between the lengths of playing online games with the aggressive behavior of high school students.These results indicate that there is a positive relationship between the lengths of playing online games with the aggressive behavior of adolescents.This means that the old variable playing online games can be used as a trigger to predict the emergence of aggressive teenage behavior.The higher the length of playing online games,the higher the aggressive behavior of teenagers,conversely the lower the longer playing online games,the lower the aggressive behavior of teenagers.展开更多
No study has been conducted to determine the relationship between RTC （road traffic crashes） and depression, anxiety and stress scale （DASS-21）, tiredness, fatigues and sleeping. The aim of the present study was t...No study has been conducted to determine the relationship between RTC （road traffic crashes） and depression, anxiety and stress scale （DASS-21）, tiredness, fatigues and sleeping. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of aggressive driver behaviour, fatigue and sleeping on RTC comparison between commercial taxi and minibus/van/pick-up cars drivers. A cross-sectional study included a representative sample of 2,300 drivers of which 1,786 drivers （77.6%） agreed to participate. The Manchester DBQ （Driver Behaviour Questionnaire） was used to measure the aberrant driving behaviours leading to accidents. The study is based on the measurement using the depression anxiety stress scales （DASS-21）. Participants completed a DASS-21 questionnaire with items related to socio-demographic information, BMI （body mass index）, driving experience, fatigue, sleeping, adherence to traffic laws （including speed limits and wearing seat belt）, and drivers＇ driving records. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed. In a representative sampling, the age distribution of the participants ranged from 25 to 65 years with the mean age 38.3±10.2 and the mean annual mileage （km） per month was 14,587±1,741 （p 〈 0.001）. There was a significant difference found between both group minibus/van/pick-up and commercial taxi drivers regarding of their age group （p 〈 0.001）, education （p = 0.003）, history of accident （p = 0.003）, seat belt use （p = 0.022） time of accident （p = 0.005）; crossing red light （p 〈 0.001）, excessive speed limits （p = 0.002）, BMI group （p = 0.022）, physical activity （p = 0.003）, annual mileage in km （p 〈 0.001）, number of working days （p = 0.010） and hours （p = 0.030）; number of sleeping hours （p = 0.025）, CD music listening （p = 0.010）, mobile phone use （p = 0.001）, soft drinking （p = 0.002） and cigarette smoking habit （p 〈 0.001）. When the history of RTC was assessed, minibus/van/pick-ups were more likely to be involved in accidents compared to commercial taxi drivers and there was a highly statistically significant difference between both groups. Furthermore, minibus/van/pick-up drivers have more sleeping disorders and fatigue severity compared to commercial taxi drivers. This study revealed that minibus/van/pick-up drivers exhibited more depression, anxiety and stress symptoms compared to commercial taxi drivers. DASS-21 variables were found to contribute significantly to the explanation of the RTC involvement rate. Chronic fatigue and acute sleepiness, and overtime or heavy work-load on car drivers significantly increases the risk of a car crash which a car occupant can be injured or killed. Reductions in RTC may be achieved if fewer people drive when they have fatigue or are sleepy or have been deprived of sleep or drive during rush hours.展开更多
In recent years,the development of machine learning has introduced new analytical methods to theoretical research,one of which is Bayesian network—a probabilistic graphical model well-suited for modelling complex non...In recent years,the development of machine learning has introduced new analytical methods to theoretical research,one of which is Bayesian network—a probabilistic graphical model well-suited for modelling complex non-deterministic systems.A recent study has revealed that the order in which variables are read from data can impact the structure of a Bayesian network(Kitson and Constantinou in The impact of variable ordering on Bayesian Network Structure Learning,2022.arXiv preprint arXiv:2206.08952).However,in empirical studies,the variable order in a dataset is often arbitrary,leading to unreliable results.To address this issue,this study proposed a hybrid method that combined theory-driven and data-driven approaches to mitigate the impact of variable ordering on the learning of Bayesian network structures.The proposed method was illustrated using an empirical study predicting depression and aggressive behavior in high school students.The results demonstrated that the obtained Bayesian network structure is robust to variable orders and theoretically interpretable.The commonalities and specificities in the network structure of depression and aggressive behavior are both in line with theorical expectations,providing empirical evidence for the validity of the hybrid method.展开更多
基金Supported by Wuxi Municipal Health Commission Major Project,No.Z202107Wuxi Taihu Talent Project,No.WXTTP 2021.
文摘BACKGROUND The neural mechanisms underlying aggressive behavior in schizophrenia(SCZ)remain poorly understood.To date,no studies have reported on the event-related potential(ERP)characteristics of aggression in SCZ using the competitive reaction time task(CRTT).Further investigation into the ERP correlates of aggression in SCZ would provide valuable insights into the neural processes involved.AIM To explore the neural mechanism of aggressive behavior in SCZ.METHODS Participants of this study included 40 SCZ patients and 42 healthy controls(HCs).The Reactive Proactive Aggression Questionnaire was used to assess trait of aggression.The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11 was used to measure impulsiveness.The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale(PANSS)was used to evaluate psychopathological features and disease severity.All participants were measured with ERP while performing the CRTT.Data of behavior,ERP components(P2,N2,and P3),and feedback-related negativity(FRN)were analyzed.RESULTS Analysis of the behavioral data revealed that compared with HCs,SCZ patients exhibited higher punishment choices.Analysis of ERP components showed that compared with HCs,SCZ patients exhibited higher N2 amplitudes and P2 amplitudes during the decision phase of the CRTT;however,SCZ patients exhibited lower FRN amplitudes and lower P3 amplitudes during the outcome phase of the CRTT.The N2 amplitudes evoked by highintensity provocation were positively related to PANSS-P scores.And the P3 amplitudes evoked in the winning trials were negatively correlated with the PANSS-G scores.CONCLUSION SCZ patients exhibit abnormal ERP characteristics evoked by the CRTT,which suggests the neural correlates of aggressive behavior in SCZ.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFD2401005)the Key R&D Program of Ningbo(No.2022Z059)the K.C.Wong Magna Fund of Ningbo University。
文摘Intraspecific conflict induced by the innate aggressiveness is one of the main reasons for the extremely low survival rate in mud crab Scylla paramamosain aquaculture,which have impeded the sustainable culture of the species.In this study,we first classified and quantified the aggressive behavior,and established a crab aggressive behavior model,laying the foundation for subsequent research on evaluating combat intensity.The contents of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),dopamine(DA),and cAMP in the hemolymph of the mud crabs before and after fighting were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS),and the mud crabs exhibited a significant increase of 5-HT(P<0.05),while the DA and cAMP decreased significantly(P<0.05).In addition,we applied EthoVision to examine the changes of the crab behavior after DA administration.After 0.5 h of injection,the movement speed,distance,duration of aggressive behavior,and intensity of aggression in the high concentration DA group were significantly higher than those in the saline injection group and the untreated control group(P<0.05).The results of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT PCR)analysis showed that the expression of DA 1 in the thoracic ganglia of the mud crabs was significantly down-regulated in the DA injection group,and the aggressive behavior was weakened.Conversely,DA1 expression was up-regulated when aggressive behavior was strengthened.Besides,there were significant differences in the expression levels of receptor expression genes including 5-HT1,5-HT2,and crustacean hyperglycemic hormone(CHH)in different tissues,indicating that the alteration of aggressive behavior of the mud crab after injection with different concentrations of DA could be regulated by changes in the expression levels of corresponding receptor genes.Our results contribute to a deeper analysis of the aggressive behavior mechanism of the mud crabs and provide a theoretical basis for reducing fighting-related mortalities in aquaculture.
基金Supported by Zhejiang Province Medical and Health Science and Technology Program,No.2024KY1735.
文摘BACKGROUND Depression is a prevalent mental health disorder with significant impacts on individuals and families.We hypothesize that combining family cognitive therapy(FCT)with pharmacotherapy will be more effective in managing depression and improving family dynamics than pharmacotherapy alone.AIM To investigate the effects of FCT combined with sertraline on depression,aggressive behavior,and family functioning in patients with major depressive disorder(MDD).METHODS This study involved 178 patients diagnosed with MDD at the Shaoxing 7th People's Hospital from January 2022 to April 2024.Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they received FCT.FCT included both patientfocused cognitive therapy and family-focused psychological guidance over a 12-week period.RESULTS The observation group receiving combined treatment showed significantly greater reductions in depressive symptoms(Beck Depression Inventory scores:27.4±4.7 to 18.6±5.2)compared to the control group(28.1±5.5 to 20.9±4.9),with P=0.031 for the difference between groups.Improvements in family functioning and marital quality were also observed,with P<0.001 for key dimensions on the Family Assessment Device and Enrich Marital Scale.CONCLUSION The combination of FCT with sertraline effectively reduces depressive symptoms and improves family dynamics in patients with MDD.
文摘Approximately 5%of patients with renal cancer present with synchronous bilateral renal masses(SBRM).1,2 Bilateral renal tumors associated with hereditary syndromes often exhibit more aggressive biological behaviors compared to sporadic SBRM cases.3,4 Notably,the prognosis for sporadic cases,in terms of cancerspecific and distant metastasis-free survival,is comparable to that of unilateral renal masses.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30973688the National Program of Key Basic Research Project(973Program),No.2006CB504804
文摘Stress studies frequently utilize physical stressors to establish animal models of stress. In the majority of cases, these models are not consistent with human circumstances. The present study simulated a social isolation plus resident intruder stress model in the rat. The rats were subjected to daily social isolation and resident intruder stress for 2 weeks. Behaviors were then tested. Rats subjected to social stress exhibited different aggressive behavior styles; some rats had greater scores on composite aggression behaviors, as well as locomotor and exploratory activity, but lower scores on latency than others. The high-aggressive group exhibited predominantly anger-out, while the low-aggressive group exhibited anger-in. Results suggest that social isolation plus resident intruder may serve as an appropriate model for anger-in and anger-out emotion modeling in the rat.
基金supported by Health Department of Hubei Province(No.JX1B161).
文摘Objective To explore the endocfinal factors which influence the aggressive behavior of adolescents. Methods The levels of cortisol （CORT）, testosterone （T）, prolactin （PRL）, and growth hormone （GH） in saliva from 20 aggressive students and 20 non-aggressive control students were measured by radioimmunoassay （RIA）. The students were matched for their gender, age, grade, stage of pubertal development, and economic status of their families. Results The salivary T levels were 22.20±14.50 pg/mL and 19.54±12.52 pg/mL in aggressive male and female students, 13.20±6.85 pg/mL and 5.24±3.03 pg/mL in non-aggressive male and female students （P〈0.05）. The male aggressive students had a lower level of CORT in saliva than non-aggressive male students （P〈0.05）. There were no significant differences in the salivary levels of PRL or GH between the aggressive and non-aggressive groups. Correlation analysis revealed a negative relationship in male students between the salivary CORT levels and the aggression factor scores of the child behavior checklist （CBCL）. In addition, the data also showed a positive relationship between the salivary T levels and the aggression factor scores of CBCL in female students. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the salivary CORT level was an independent predictive factor for aggressive behaviors in adolescent boys. The higher the CORT level, the less aggressive the boys were. Conclusion CORT and T levels may play a certain role in adolescent aggressive behaviors.
基金supported by the grant award(No:2017–67015-26567)of the NIFA-AFRI,USDA.
文摘Background Accumulating evidence from human trials and rodent studies has indicated that modulation of gut microbiota affects host physiological homeostasis and behavioral characteristics.Similarly,alterations in gut micro-biota could be a feasible strategy for reducing aggressive behavior and improving health in chickens.The study was conducted to determine the effects of early-life cecal microbiota transplantation(CMT)on cecal microbial composi-tion,brain serotonergic activity,and aggressive behavior of recipient chickens.Methods Chicken lines 63 and 72 with nonaggressive and aggressive behavior,respectively,were used as donors and a commercial strain Dekalb XL was used as recipients for CMT.Eighty-four 1-d-old male chicks were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments with 7 cages per treatment and 4 chickens per cage(n=7):saline(control,CTRL),cecal solution of line 6_(3)(6_(3)-CMT),and cecal solution of line 7_(2)(7_(2)-CMT).Transplantation was conducted via oral gavage once daily from d 1 to 10,and then boosted once weekly from week 3 to 5.At weeks 5 and 16,home-cage behavior was recorded,and chickens with similar body weights were assigned to paired aggression tests between the treat-ments.Samples of blood,brain,and cecal content were collected from the post-tested chickens to detect CMT-induced biological and microbiota changes.Results 63-CMT chickens displayed less aggressive behavior with a higher hypothalamic serotonergic activity at week 5.Correspondingly,two amplicon sequence variants(ASVs)belonging to Lachnospiraceae and one Ruminococ-caceae UCG-005 ASV were positively correlated with the levels of brain tryptophan and serotonin,respectively.7_(2)-CMT chickens had lower levels of brain norepinephrine and dopamine at week 5 with higher levels of plasma serotonin and tryptophan at week 16.ASVs belonging to Mollicutes RF39 and GCA-900066225 in 7_(2)-CMT chickens were nega-tively correlated with the brain 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5-HIAA)at week 5,and one Bacteroides ASV was negatively correlated with plasma serotonin at week 16.Conclusion Results indicate that CMT at an early age could regulate aggressive behavior via modulating the cecal microbial composition,together with central serotonergic and catecholaminergic systems in recipient chickens.The selected CMT could be a novel strategy for reducing aggressive behavior through regulating signaling along the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
文摘In order to identify family factors obviously relevant to aggression, and offer a theoretical foundation for the prevention of aggression, 4010 students from primary and secondary schools in 5 different areas in Hubei province were surveyed. The Child Behavior Checklist ＂ parents＂ form＂ （Chinese version） and the four scales of Family Environment Scale were used. A multiple logistic regression was used to identify risk factors of children＇s and adolescents＂ aggressive behavior. The results showed that maternal education, paternal occupation, family type, parental child-rearing attitude and patterns, students＂ interpersonal relationship were significantly associated with the childreffs and adolescents＂ aggression. The risk factors of aggression were parental child-rearing patterns, peer relationship, teacher-student relationship, and family conflicts.
文摘Explicit traffic control measures are absent in uncontrolled intersections which make them susceptible to frequent conflicts and resulting collisions between vehicles. In developing countries like India, drivers at such intersections do not yield to higher priority movements which cause more crashes between vehicles. The objective of this study is to analyze and model the gap acceptance behavior of minor street drivers at uncontrolled T-intersections considering their aggressive nature. Three intersections in the northeast region of India have been selected as the case study area. Preliminary analysis of the data revealed that drivers behave aggressively, not because they have to wait for a long time at the stop line, but because of their lack of respect for traffic rules. Binary logit models are developed for minor road right turning vehicles which show that gap acceptance behavior is influenced by gap duration, clearing time and aggressive nature of drivers. The equations obtained were used to estimate the critical gaps for aggressive and non-aggressive drivers. Critical gaps are also calculated using an existing method called clearing behavior approach. It is also shown that the estimation of critical gap is more realistic if clearing time and aggressive behavior of drivers are considered.
文摘Serotonin 5-HT2A receptors are playing an important role in the pathophysiology of aggressive behaviors and in the control of immune function. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of activation and blockade of 5-HT2A receptors with selective ligands on the immune response formation in animals with aggressive behaviors induced by genetic factors (rats selected for the increased aggressiveness toward human) or by chronic social stress (mice of the CBA/Lac strain engaged in 10 days of social confrontations). Activation of 5-HT2A receptors with DOI at 1.0 mg/kg reduced the immune response level both in aggressive rats and mice compared to the corresponding vehicle-treated groups, while DOI administration did not alter the immune reaction in nonaggressive animals. The blockade of 5-HT2A receptors with ketanserin at 1.0 mg/kg resulted in immunostimulation both in mice of the CBA strain not subjected to social stress (the controls) and in nonaggressive rats selected for elimination of aggressiveness. On the other hand, its administration to CBA mice demonstrating offensive aggression enhanced the immune reaction, while the same dose of ketanserin did not modify the immune response level in rats with genetic predisposition to the increased defensive aggression. Thus, our data suggest that the role of 5-HT2A receptors in immunomodulation depends on the specific type of aggression that may be taking into account in the treatment of some neuropsychiatric disorders with the antipsychotic drugs and antidepressants targeting 5-HT2A receptors.
文摘Objective: to analyze the application value of targeted nursing. Methods: 90 patients with mania in our hospital were selected as the research object, from September 2020 to September 2021. All patients were divided into the reference group (receiving routine care) and the research group (receiving targeted care) with 45 patients in each group by randomly selecting color balls. Compliance, risk factors, bad mood, aggressive behavior and family satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results: the patients' compliance and family satisfaction in the research group were significantly higher than those in the reference group (P < 0.05), the SAS and SDS scores were significantly lower than those in the reference group (P < 0.05), and the BRMS scores were significantly lower than those in the reference group (P < 0.05). The main risk factors of aggressive behavior in manic patients included social interest, social ability and psychiatric performance. The patients in the research group had a lower risk after nursing. Conclusion: targeted nursing has a high application value. By analyzing the causes of the disease and giving nursing intervention, it can effectively improve the negative emotions of manic patients, improve patients' compliance with nursing work, and obtain a satisfactory nursing effect. It has promotion value.
基金The Shaoxing Science and Technology Plan Project Plan,No.2022A14002.
文摘BACKGROUND Schizophrenic patients are prone to violence,frequent recurrence,and difficult to predict.Emotional and behavioral abnormalities during the onset of the disease,resulting in active myocardial enzyme spectrum.AIM To explored the expression level of myocardial enzymes in patients with schizo-phrenia and its predictive value in the occurrence of violence.METHODS A total of 288 patients with schizophrenia in our hospital from February 2023 to January 2024 were selected as the research object,and 100 healthy people were selected as the control group.Participants’information,clinical data,and labo-ratory examination data were collected.According to Modified Overt Aggression Scale score,patients were further divided into the violent(123 cases)and non-violent group(165 cases).RESULTS The comparative analysis revealed significant differences in serum myocardial enzyme levels between patients with schizophrenia and healthy individuals.In the schizophrenia group,the violent and non-violent groups also exhibited different levels of serum myocardial enzymes.The levels of myocardial enzymes in the non-violent group were lower than those in the violent group,and the patients in the latter also displayed aggressive behavior in the past.CONCLUSION Previous aggressive behavior and the level of myocardial enzymes are of great significance for the diagnosis and prognosis analysis of violent behavior in patients with schizophrenia.By detecting changes in these indicators,we can gain a more comprehensive understanding of a patient’s condition and treatment.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2022ZD0115702)the Beijing Smart Agriculture Innovation Consortium Project(No.BAIC10-2024)+1 种基金the Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(No.CAASASTIP-2024-AII)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(No.JBYW-AII-2023-04).
文摘Aggressive behavior among piglets is considered a harmful social contact.Monitoring weaned piglets with intense aggressive behaviors is paramount for pig breeding management.This study introduced a novel hybrid model,PAB-Mamba-YOLO,integrating the principles of Mamba and YOLO for efficient visual detection of weaned piglets'aggressive behaviors,including climbing body,nose hitting,biting tail and biting ear.Within the proposed model,a novel CSPVSS module,which integrated the Cross Stage Partial(CSP)structure with the Visual State Space Model(VSSM),has been developed.This module was adeptly integrated into the Neck part of the network,where it harnessed convolutional capabilities for local feature extraction and leveraged the visual state space to reveal long-distance dependencies.The model exhibited sound performance in detecting aggressive behaviors,with an average precision(AP)of 0.976 for climbing body,0.994 for nose hitting,0.977 for biting tail and 0.994 for biting ear.The mean average precision(mAP)of 0.985 reflected the model's overall effectiveness in detecting all classes of aggressive behaviors.The model achieved a detection speed FPS of 69 f/s,with model complexity measured by 7.2 G floating-point operations(GFLOPs)and parameters(Params)of 2.63 million.Comparative experiments with existing prevailing models confirmed the superiority of the proposed model.This work is expected to contribute a glimmer of fresh ideas and inspiration to the research field of precision breeding and behavioral analysis of animals.
基金Supported by Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (S30203)
文摘AIM： To retrospectively analyze the imaging features of solid-pseudopapillary tumors （SPTs） of the pancreas on multi-detector row computed tomography （MDCT） and define the imaging findings suggestive of malignant potential. METHODS： A total of 24 consecutive cases with surgically and pathologically confirmed SPTs of the pancreas underwent preoperative abdominal MDCT studies in our hospital. All axial CT images, CT angiographic images, and coronally and sagittally reformed images were obtained. The images were retrospectively reviewed at interactive picture archiving and communication system workstations. RESULTS： Of the 24 cases of SPTs, 11 cases （45.8%） occurred in the pancreatic head and seven （29.1%） in the tail. Eighteen were pathologically diagnosed as benign and six as malignant. MDCT diagnosis of SPTs was well correlated with the surgical and pathological results （Kappa = 0.6, P 〈 0.05）. The size of SPTs ranged from 3 to 15 cm （mean, 5.8 cm）. When the size of the tumor was greater than 6 cm （including 6 cm）, the possibilities of vascular （8 vs 1） and capsular invasion （9 vs 0） increased significantly （P 〈 0.05）.Two pathologically benign cases with vascular invasion and disrupted capsule on MDCT presented with local recurrence and hepatic metastases during follow-up about 1 year after the resection of the primary tumors. CONCLUSION： Vascular and capsular invasion with superimposed spread into the adjacent pancreatic parenchyrna and nearby structures in SPTs of the pancreas can be accurately revealed by MDCT preoperatively. These imaging findings are predictive of the malignant potential associated with the aggressive behavior of the tumor, even in the pathologically benign cases.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,No.21377772DNo.H2022406034National Natural Scientific Foundation of China,No.81672700.
文摘BACKGROUND Regenerating gene 4(REG4)has been proved to be carcinogenic in some cancers,but its manifestation and possible carcinogenic mechanisms in colorectal cancer(CRC)have not yet been elucidated.Our previous study found that the drug resistance of CRC cells may be closely linked to their fat metabolism.AIM To explore the role of REG4 in CRC and its association with lipid droplet formation and chemoresistance.METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis and bioinformatics and pathological analyses of REG4 expression in CRC.The effects of REG4 on the phenotypes and related protein expression were also investigated in CRC cells.We detected the impacts of REG4 on the chemoresistance and lipid droplet formation in CRC cells.Finally,we analyzed how REG4 regulated the transcription and proteasomal degradation of lipogenic enzymes in CRC cells.RESULTS Compared to normal mucosa,REG4 mRNA expression was high in CRC(P<0.05)but protein expression was low.An inverse correlation existed between lymph node and distant metastases,tumor-node-metastasis staging or short overall survival and REG4 mRNA overexpression(P<0.05),but vice versa for REG4 protein expression.REG4-related genes included:Chemokine activity;taste receptors;protein-DNA and DNA packing complexes;nucleosomes and chromatin;generation of second messenger molecules;programmed cell death signals;epigenetic regulation and DNA methylation;transcription repression and activation by DNA binding;insulin signaling pathway;sugar metabolism and transfer;and neurotransmitter receptors(P<0.05).REG4 exposure or overexpression promoted proliferation,antiapoptosis,migration,and invasion of DLD-1 cells in an autocrine or paracrine manner by activating the epidermal growth factor receptor-phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt-nuclear factor-κB pathway.REG4 was involved in chemoresistance not through de novo lipogenesis,but lipid droplet assembly.REG4 inhibited the transcription of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1(ACC1)and ATP-citrate lyase(ACLY)by disassociating the complex formation of anti-acetyl(AC)-acetyl-histone 3-AC-histone 4-inhibitor of growth protein-5-si histone deacetylase;-sterol-regulatory element binding protein 1 in their promoters and induced proteasomal degradation of ACC1 or ACLY.CONCLUSION REG4 may be involved in chemoresistance through lipid droplet assembly.REG4 reduces expression of de novo lipid synthesis key enzymes by inhibiting transcription and promoting ubiquitination-mediated proteasomal degradation.
文摘Ant colonies self-organize to solve complex problems despite the simplicity of an individual ant＇s brain. Pavement ant Tetramorium caespitum colonies must solve the problem of defending the ter- ritory that they patrol in search of energetically rich forage. When members of 2 colonies randomly interact at the territory boundary a decision to fight occurs when： 1） there is a mismatch in nest- mate recognition cues and 2） each ant has a recent history of high interaction rates with nestmate ants. Instead of fighting, some ants will decide to recruit more workers from the nest to the fighting location, and in this way a positive feedback mediates the development of colony wide wars. In ants, the monoamines serotonin （5-HT） and octopamine （OA） modulate many behaviors associated with colony organization and in particular behaviors associated with nestmate recognition and ag- gression. In this article, we develop and explore an agent-based model that conceptualizes how in- dividual changes in brain concentrations of 5-HT and OA, paired with a simple threshold-based de- cision rule, can lead to the development of colony wide warfare. Model simulations do lead to the development of warfare with 91% of ants fighting at the end of 1 h. When conducting a sensitivity analysis, we determined that uncertainty in monoamine concentration signal decay influences the behavior of the model more than uncertainty in the decision-making rule or density. We conclude that pavement ant behavior is consistent with the detection of interaction rate through a single timed interval rather than integration of multiple interactions.
文摘We studied early development of peer dominance relationships in a captive group of Japanese macaques Macaca fuscata fuscata at the Primate Research Institute of Kyoto University. This study aims to give detailed descriptions on characteristic patterns of maternal rank acquisition from infant to juvenile. Focal subjects were 22 young monkeys belonging to three cohorts born in 2002, 2003 and 2005. Data were collected with a total 2130 sessions of 30-minute continuous recording of focal subjects combined with all occurrence-sampling methods. The onset of aggressive behavior varied per cohort and was delayed in cohorts with fewer close-aged associates. More than 60% of dyadic combinations in agonistic interactions between peers were unidirectional throughout the study period. Although some bidirectional interactions could have involved unstable relationships between particular individuals, most of the bidirectional interactions included a few continuous series of alternating one-sided interactions. A linear order could be found among peers from the first appearance of aggressive behavior, and nearly 90% of those dyads were concordant with that of their mother＇s rank order. Young males were responsible for most of the dominance relations that would not be predicted based on their mother＇s rank. These results suggest that infant monkeys may recognize their own social status relative to their opponent＇s before onset of aggressive behavior and adjust themselves into the matrilineal rank system accordingly.
文摘Introduction:Once the enormity of online games took over the attention of many teens and children so that it brought a big change.Aggressive behavior among adolescents especially high school students from year to year is increasing both in number and forms of aggressive behavior that is raised.Objectives:This study aims to determine the relationship between playing online games and aggressive behavior of high school students in Jayapura.Methods:The research method used was analytical research using cross sectional design.Study the relationship between two variables in a situation or group of objects using a simple linear regression statistical test.Result:The correlation effect of Length Playing Game Online with aggressively behavior of students in High School logistic test results obtained meaningful results where the value of p=0,00<0.05.This means that there is an influence or relationship between the lengths of playing online games with the aggressive behavior of high school students.These results indicate that there is a positive relationship between the lengths of playing online games with the aggressive behavior of adolescents.This means that the old variable playing online games can be used as a trigger to predict the emergence of aggressive teenage behavior.The higher the length of playing online games,the higher the aggressive behavior of teenagers,conversely the lower the longer playing online games,the lower the aggressive behavior of teenagers.
文摘No study has been conducted to determine the relationship between RTC （road traffic crashes） and depression, anxiety and stress scale （DASS-21）, tiredness, fatigues and sleeping. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of aggressive driver behaviour, fatigue and sleeping on RTC comparison between commercial taxi and minibus/van/pick-up cars drivers. A cross-sectional study included a representative sample of 2,300 drivers of which 1,786 drivers （77.6%） agreed to participate. The Manchester DBQ （Driver Behaviour Questionnaire） was used to measure the aberrant driving behaviours leading to accidents. The study is based on the measurement using the depression anxiety stress scales （DASS-21）. Participants completed a DASS-21 questionnaire with items related to socio-demographic information, BMI （body mass index）, driving experience, fatigue, sleeping, adherence to traffic laws （including speed limits and wearing seat belt）, and drivers＇ driving records. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed. In a representative sampling, the age distribution of the participants ranged from 25 to 65 years with the mean age 38.3±10.2 and the mean annual mileage （km） per month was 14,587±1,741 （p 〈 0.001）. There was a significant difference found between both group minibus/van/pick-up and commercial taxi drivers regarding of their age group （p 〈 0.001）, education （p = 0.003）, history of accident （p = 0.003）, seat belt use （p = 0.022） time of accident （p = 0.005）; crossing red light （p 〈 0.001）, excessive speed limits （p = 0.002）, BMI group （p = 0.022）, physical activity （p = 0.003）, annual mileage in km （p 〈 0.001）, number of working days （p = 0.010） and hours （p = 0.030）; number of sleeping hours （p = 0.025）, CD music listening （p = 0.010）, mobile phone use （p = 0.001）, soft drinking （p = 0.002） and cigarette smoking habit （p 〈 0.001）. When the history of RTC was assessed, minibus/van/pick-ups were more likely to be involved in accidents compared to commercial taxi drivers and there was a highly statistically significant difference between both groups. Furthermore, minibus/van/pick-up drivers have more sleeping disorders and fatigue severity compared to commercial taxi drivers. This study revealed that minibus/van/pick-up drivers exhibited more depression, anxiety and stress symptoms compared to commercial taxi drivers. DASS-21 variables were found to contribute significantly to the explanation of the RTC involvement rate. Chronic fatigue and acute sleepiness, and overtime or heavy work-load on car drivers significantly increases the risk of a car crash which a car occupant can be injured or killed. Reductions in RTC may be achieved if fewer people drive when they have fatigue or are sleepy or have been deprived of sleep or drive during rush hours.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32171089)Research Fund from Hangzhou Mingshitang Education Technology Development Co.,Ltd.(Project No.1222000035).
文摘In recent years,the development of machine learning has introduced new analytical methods to theoretical research,one of which is Bayesian network—a probabilistic graphical model well-suited for modelling complex non-deterministic systems.A recent study has revealed that the order in which variables are read from data can impact the structure of a Bayesian network(Kitson and Constantinou in The impact of variable ordering on Bayesian Network Structure Learning,2022.arXiv preprint arXiv:2206.08952).However,in empirical studies,the variable order in a dataset is often arbitrary,leading to unreliable results.To address this issue,this study proposed a hybrid method that combined theory-driven and data-driven approaches to mitigate the impact of variable ordering on the learning of Bayesian network structures.The proposed method was illustrated using an empirical study predicting depression and aggressive behavior in high school students.The results demonstrated that the obtained Bayesian network structure is robust to variable orders and theoretically interpretable.The commonalities and specificities in the network structure of depression and aggressive behavior are both in line with theorical expectations,providing empirical evidence for the validity of the hybrid method.
