Economic system has phase characteristics during its developments, and certain decisions must be made during each stage, thus forming a multi-stage dynamic decision making economic system. As to this system, previous ...Economic system has phase characteristics during its developments, and certain decisions must be made during each stage, thus forming a multi-stage dynamic decision making economic system. As to this system, previous decisions have some aftereffects on its future developments, which has fundamentally contradicts the presupposition of programming methodology in Operation Research. In order to solve the problems arising from optimized theory research about the economic system, this paper defines the concept of dynamic system with aftereffects, points out the difference between its aftereffects and those of traditional stochastic processes, studies how the past decision effects on the value of optimal utility function, and gives an example on this base to illustrate its application in exploitation of oilfield.展开更多
Duration perception can be heavily distorted owing to repetitive exposure to a relatively long or short sensory event,often causing a duration aftereffect.Here,we used a novel procedure to show that adaptations to bot...Duration perception can be heavily distorted owing to repetitive exposure to a relatively long or short sensory event,often causing a duration aftereffect.Here,we used a novel procedure to show that adaptations to both single and average durations produced the duration aftereffect.Participants completed a duration reproduction task(Experiment 1)or a duration category rating task(Experiment 2)after long-term adaptations to a stimulus of medium duration and to stimuli of averagely medium duration.We found that adaptations to both single and average durations resulted in duration aftereffects.The simultaneously recorded functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)data revealed that the reduction in neural activity due to long-term adaptation to single duration was observed in the right supramarginal gyrus(SMG)of the parietal lobe,while adaptation to average duration resulted in fMRI adaptations in the left postcentral gyrus(PCG)and middle cingulate gyrus(MCG).At the individual level,the magnitude of the behavioral aftereffect was positively correlated with the magnitude of fMRI adaptation in the right SMG after adaptation to single duration,while there were no significantly positive correlations between the behavioral aftereffect and fMRI adaptations in the left PCG and MCG.These results suggest that there are different neural mechanisms for aftereffects caused by adaptations to single and average durations.展开更多
我们在制作片子时,经常要碰到调色这一环节,例如,把整个片子调成某个色调,或前后景色调的协调等等。有些环节对调色的要求非常高、非常细,特别是对人物的调色方面。例如,我们只想对肤色作调整,而不影响其它方面,或者只是调整服装的颜色...我们在制作片子时,经常要碰到调色这一环节,例如,把整个片子调成某个色调,或前后景色调的协调等等。有些环节对调色的要求非常高、非常细,特别是对人物的调色方面。例如,我们只想对肤色作调整,而不影响其它方面,或者只是调整服装的颜色,这就需要用到局部调色的技巧。 After Effects有很强的调色功能,它的调色命令大多在Effect>Adjust调整菜单下,一些命令,如Color Balance,可调整暗部层次、中间层次、亮部层次的色彩。很多合成软件都有类似的调色命令,功能也大概相似。但After Effects有一些调色工具非常独特,应用得当可实现很精确的调色。下面笔者首先来介绍一下Hue/Saturation。展开更多
文摘Economic system has phase characteristics during its developments, and certain decisions must be made during each stage, thus forming a multi-stage dynamic decision making economic system. As to this system, previous decisions have some aftereffects on its future developments, which has fundamentally contradicts the presupposition of programming methodology in Operation Research. In order to solve the problems arising from optimized theory research about the economic system, this paper defines the concept of dynamic system with aftereffects, points out the difference between its aftereffects and those of traditional stochastic processes, studies how the past decision effects on the value of optimal utility function, and gives an example on this base to illustrate its application in exploitation of oilfield.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:32000744。
文摘Duration perception can be heavily distorted owing to repetitive exposure to a relatively long or short sensory event,often causing a duration aftereffect.Here,we used a novel procedure to show that adaptations to both single and average durations produced the duration aftereffect.Participants completed a duration reproduction task(Experiment 1)or a duration category rating task(Experiment 2)after long-term adaptations to a stimulus of medium duration and to stimuli of averagely medium duration.We found that adaptations to both single and average durations resulted in duration aftereffects.The simultaneously recorded functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)data revealed that the reduction in neural activity due to long-term adaptation to single duration was observed in the right supramarginal gyrus(SMG)of the parietal lobe,while adaptation to average duration resulted in fMRI adaptations in the left postcentral gyrus(PCG)and middle cingulate gyrus(MCG).At the individual level,the magnitude of the behavioral aftereffect was positively correlated with the magnitude of fMRI adaptation in the right SMG after adaptation to single duration,while there were no significantly positive correlations between the behavioral aftereffect and fMRI adaptations in the left PCG and MCG.These results suggest that there are different neural mechanisms for aftereffects caused by adaptations to single and average durations.
文摘我们在制作片子时,经常要碰到调色这一环节,例如,把整个片子调成某个色调,或前后景色调的协调等等。有些环节对调色的要求非常高、非常细,特别是对人物的调色方面。例如,我们只想对肤色作调整,而不影响其它方面,或者只是调整服装的颜色,这就需要用到局部调色的技巧。 After Effects有很强的调色功能,它的调色命令大多在Effect>Adjust调整菜单下,一些命令,如Color Balance,可调整暗部层次、中间层次、亮部层次的色彩。很多合成软件都有类似的调色命令,功能也大概相似。但After Effects有一些调色工具非常独特,应用得当可实现很精确的调色。下面笔者首先来介绍一下Hue/Saturation。
