Catalytic regeneration is a key approach to solving high energy consumption issues in the amine-based CO_(2)absorption method.Previous studies have shown that loaded acid sites(such as SO_(4)^(2-))are beneficial for p...Catalytic regeneration is a key approach to solving high energy consumption issues in the amine-based CO_(2)absorption method.Previous studies have shown that loaded acid sites(such as SO_(4)^(2-))are beneficial for promoting low-temperature CO_(2)-rich amine regeneration,but their weak binding strength to the support results in limited catalyst life.Herein,we proposed an advanced catalyst modification strategy to maintain the active hydroxyl group(Zr-OH-Fe)via actively transferring electrons on the surface of FeZrO_(x)nano-heterojunction.Combining in situ DRIFTS and DFT calculations,we revealed that the ZrOH-Fe at the ZrO_(2)-Fe_(2)O_(3)heterointerfaces exhibit enhanced proton-donating ability,with deprotonation energy reduced from 2.94 to 2.61 eV compared to Zr-OH(which should be called inert hydroxyl group).This improvement favors the rate-determining proton transfer step from RNH_(3)^(+)to RNHCOO^(-).Surprisingly,it increased the CO_(2)desorption rate by 10.5 times and reduced the energy consumption by 43.6%during amine regeneration.This work offers a practical strategy for improving the performance of lowtemperature CO_(2)-rich amine regeneration catalysts,and the low-cost recyclability of amine used in CO_(2)capture.展开更多
Catalyst-aided regeneration is a promising method for reducing the high regeneration energy consumption of amine-based CO_(2)capture technologies.However,the intrinsic relationship between the properties of the acidic...Catalyst-aided regeneration is a promising method for reducing the high regeneration energy consumption of amine-based CO_(2)capture technologies.However,the intrinsic relationship between the properties of the acidic sites and their catalytic activity is controversial.In this study,a series of W-based catalysts supported by ZrTiO_(x)were synthesised,and the effects of the intensity,distribution,and type of acid sites were systematically investigated by quantitatively regulating the acidic site properties.The results indicate stronger acidic sites play a more important role in the catalytic reaction.Moreover,the catalysts showed excellent performance only if the Br?nsted acid sites(BASs)and Lewis acid sites(LASs)coexisted.During the catalytic reaction,the BASs facilitated deprotonation,and the LASs promoted the decomposition of carbamates.The ratio of BASs to LASs(B/L)was a critical factor for catalytic activity,wherein optimal performance was achieved when the B/L ratio was close to 1.The 10%HPW/ZrTiO_(x)composite performed better than WO_(3)/ZrTiO_(x)and HSiW/ZrTiO_(x)because it had a stronger acid intensity and a suitable B/L ratio.As a result,the relative heat duty was reduced by 47%compared to 30%aqueous MEA,and the maximum CO_(2)desorption rate was increased by 83%.The Bader charge indicated that the W atoms of HPW/ZrTiO_(x)lost more electrons(0.18)than those of WO_(3)/ZrTiO_(x),which can weaken the O±H bond energy.Consequently,the calculated deprotonation energy is as low as 257 kJ mol^(-1)for HPW/ZrTiO_(x).展开更多
The essential effect of vitamin A on immune function occurs through various mechanisms including direct effect on ThloTh2 balance modulation. However, it is unclear whether or not vitamin A can regulate Thl-Th2 balanc...The essential effect of vitamin A on immune function occurs through various mechanisms including direct effect on ThloTh2 balance modulation. However, it is unclear whether or not vitamin A can regulate Thl-Th2 balance under a strong Thl-polarizing condition. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to examine the effect of vitamin A metabolite allotrans retinoic acid （ATRA） on ThloTh2 differentiation in CD4~ T cells under GATA-3 deficiency, which can induce Thl-polarizing condition. In the present study, GATA-3 deficiency T cells were induced by siRNA and checked by real-time quantitative PCR and western blot. GATA-3 deficiency CD4＋ T cells and normal CD4＋ T were treated for 48 h with or without ATRA.展开更多
In the present study, the relationship between properties of different carbon materials and their impact on performance of VRLA （valve regulated lead acid） battery was studied. The material properties undertaken for...In the present study, the relationship between properties of different carbon materials and their impact on performance of VRLA （valve regulated lead acid） battery was studied. The material properties undertaken for the study are： surface area, conductivity and water absorption of the carbon. The electrode morphology revealed the uniform distribution of active material when high surface area carbon was added to NAM （negative active material）. The porosity of the plate also exhibited changes with respect to type of carbon materials added. The study further revealed that, the addition of high surface area carbon （-1,400 m^2/g） improves the charge acceptance of the battery with higher loading. Further improvement in charge acceptance was observed with addition of graphite to higher surface area carbon. Nevertheless, the float current of the battery got affected due to graphite loading and found there was no impact on shelf life of the battery in all the cases. The study demonstrates the need for customized ＂carbon formulation＂ to obtain the maximum performance out of the battery.展开更多
The aim of this investigation is to define a model of an alternating current impedance response that can identify the state of health of a porous electrode due to the blocked diffusion effect. To identify and simulate...The aim of this investigation is to define a model of an alternating current impedance response that can identify the state of health of a porous electrode due to the blocked diffusion effect. To identify and simulate different pore geometries, an analytical differential equations system was studied. Standard and low performance battery products were simulated by the model and validated with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） experimental data. The correlation between pore structure geometries and the related battery efficiency is also addressed. This investigation may clarify the possible reasons for low performance batteries. Identifying the benchmark pore geometry, parameters may be useful for the battery producers to improve the efficiency of their products. Various recovery methods are also included in this investigation to disperse the build-up of lead sulphate crystal that limits the electrolysis process in the low performance batteries.展开更多
Hormonal crosstalk is central for tailoring plant responses to the nature of challenges encountered. The role of antagonism between the two major defense hormones, salicylic acid （SA） and jasmonic acid （JA）, and m...Hormonal crosstalk is central for tailoring plant responses to the nature of challenges encountered. The role of antagonism between the two major defense hormones, salicylic acid （SA） and jasmonic acid （JA）, and modulation of this interplay by ethylene （ET） in favor of JA signaling pathway in plant stress responses is well recognized, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we show the opposing function of two transcription factors, ethylene insensitive3 （EIN3） and EIN3-Like1 （EIL1）, in SA-mediated suppression and JA- mediated activation of PLANT DEFENSINI.2 （PDFI.2）. This functional duality is mediated via their effect on protein, not transcript levels of the PDF1.2 transcriptional activator octadecanoid-responsive Arabidopsis59 （ORA59）. Specifically, JA induces ORA59 protein levels independently of EIN3/EIL1, whereas SA reduces the protein levels dependently of EIN3/EIL1. Co-infiltration assays revealed nuclear co-localization of ORA59 and EIN3, and split- luciferase together with yeast-two-hybrid assays established their physical interaction. The functional ramification of the physical interaction is EIN3-dependent degradation of ORA59 by the 26S proteasome. These findings allude to SA-responsive reduction of ORA59 levels mediated by EIN3 binding to and targeting of ORA59 for degrada4tion, thus nominating ORA59 pool as a coordination node for the antagonistic function of ET/JA and SA.展开更多
Phospholipids, including phosphatidic acid （PA）, phosphatidylcholine （PC）, phosphatidylethanolamine （PE）, phosphatidylglycerol （PC）, phosphatidylserine （PS） and phosphoinositides, have emerged as an importan...Phospholipids, including phosphatidic acid （PA）, phosphatidylcholine （PC）, phosphatidylethanolamine （PE）, phosphatidylglycerol （PC）, phosphatidylserine （PS） and phosphoinositides, have emerged as an important class of cellular messenger molecules in various cellular and physiological processes, of which PA attracts much attention of researchers. In addition to its effect on stimulating vesicle trafficking, many studies have demonstrated that PA plays a crucial role in various signaling pathways by binding target proteins and regulating their activity and subcellular localization. Here, we summarize the functional mechanisms and target proteins underlying PA-mediated regulation of cellular signaling, development, hormonal responses, and stress responses in plants.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52222005,52100133)the Key R&D Program of Yunnan Province(202303AC100008)。
文摘Catalytic regeneration is a key approach to solving high energy consumption issues in the amine-based CO_(2)absorption method.Previous studies have shown that loaded acid sites(such as SO_(4)^(2-))are beneficial for promoting low-temperature CO_(2)-rich amine regeneration,but their weak binding strength to the support results in limited catalyst life.Herein,we proposed an advanced catalyst modification strategy to maintain the active hydroxyl group(Zr-OH-Fe)via actively transferring electrons on the surface of FeZrO_(x)nano-heterojunction.Combining in situ DRIFTS and DFT calculations,we revealed that the ZrOH-Fe at the ZrO_(2)-Fe_(2)O_(3)heterointerfaces exhibit enhanced proton-donating ability,with deprotonation energy reduced from 2.94 to 2.61 eV compared to Zr-OH(which should be called inert hydroxyl group).This improvement favors the rate-determining proton transfer step from RNH_(3)^(+)to RNHCOO^(-).Surprisingly,it increased the CO_(2)desorption rate by 10.5 times and reduced the energy consumption by 43.6%during amine regeneration.This work offers a practical strategy for improving the performance of lowtemperature CO_(2)-rich amine regeneration catalysts,and the low-cost recyclability of amine used in CO_(2)capture.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52100133,No.52222005)the Key R&D Program of Yunnan Province(No.202303AC100008)。
文摘Catalyst-aided regeneration is a promising method for reducing the high regeneration energy consumption of amine-based CO_(2)capture technologies.However,the intrinsic relationship between the properties of the acidic sites and their catalytic activity is controversial.In this study,a series of W-based catalysts supported by ZrTiO_(x)were synthesised,and the effects of the intensity,distribution,and type of acid sites were systematically investigated by quantitatively regulating the acidic site properties.The results indicate stronger acidic sites play a more important role in the catalytic reaction.Moreover,the catalysts showed excellent performance only if the Br?nsted acid sites(BASs)and Lewis acid sites(LASs)coexisted.During the catalytic reaction,the BASs facilitated deprotonation,and the LASs promoted the decomposition of carbamates.The ratio of BASs to LASs(B/L)was a critical factor for catalytic activity,wherein optimal performance was achieved when the B/L ratio was close to 1.The 10%HPW/ZrTiO_(x)composite performed better than WO_(3)/ZrTiO_(x)and HSiW/ZrTiO_(x)because it had a stronger acid intensity and a suitable B/L ratio.As a result,the relative heat duty was reduced by 47%compared to 30%aqueous MEA,and the maximum CO_(2)desorption rate was increased by 83%.The Bader charge indicated that the W atoms of HPW/ZrTiO_(x)lost more electrons(0.18)than those of WO_(3)/ZrTiO_(x),which can weaken the O±H bond energy.Consequently,the calculated deprotonation energy is as low as 257 kJ mol^(-1)for HPW/ZrTiO_(x).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30671761)
文摘The essential effect of vitamin A on immune function occurs through various mechanisms including direct effect on ThloTh2 balance modulation. However, it is unclear whether or not vitamin A can regulate Thl-Th2 balance under a strong Thl-polarizing condition. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to examine the effect of vitamin A metabolite allotrans retinoic acid （ATRA） on ThloTh2 differentiation in CD4~ T cells under GATA-3 deficiency, which can induce Thl-polarizing condition. In the present study, GATA-3 deficiency T cells were induced by siRNA and checked by real-time quantitative PCR and western blot. GATA-3 deficiency CD4＋ T cells and normal CD4＋ T were treated for 48 h with or without ATRA.
文摘In the present study, the relationship between properties of different carbon materials and their impact on performance of VRLA （valve regulated lead acid） battery was studied. The material properties undertaken for the study are： surface area, conductivity and water absorption of the carbon. The electrode morphology revealed the uniform distribution of active material when high surface area carbon was added to NAM （negative active material）. The porosity of the plate also exhibited changes with respect to type of carbon materials added. The study further revealed that, the addition of high surface area carbon （-1,400 m^2/g） improves the charge acceptance of the battery with higher loading. Further improvement in charge acceptance was observed with addition of graphite to higher surface area carbon. Nevertheless, the float current of the battery got affected due to graphite loading and found there was no impact on shelf life of the battery in all the cases. The study demonstrates the need for customized ＂carbon formulation＂ to obtain the maximum performance out of the battery.
基金the financial support from the Knowledge Economy Skills Scholarships (KESS)Yuasa Battery Ltdthe University of South Wales (USW) during this research project
文摘The aim of this investigation is to define a model of an alternating current impedance response that can identify the state of health of a porous electrode due to the blocked diffusion effect. To identify and simulate different pore geometries, an analytical differential equations system was studied. Standard and low performance battery products were simulated by the model and validated with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） experimental data. The correlation between pore structure geometries and the related battery efficiency is also addressed. This investigation may clarify the possible reasons for low performance batteries. Identifying the benchmark pore geometry, parameters may be useful for the battery producers to improve the efficiency of their products. Various recovery methods are also included in this investigation to disperse the build-up of lead sulphate crystal that limits the electrolysis process in the low performance batteries.
基金supported by National Institutes of Health(R01GM107311)National Science Foundation(IOS-1036491and IOS1352478) grants awarded to K.D.
文摘Hormonal crosstalk is central for tailoring plant responses to the nature of challenges encountered. The role of antagonism between the two major defense hormones, salicylic acid （SA） and jasmonic acid （JA）, and modulation of this interplay by ethylene （ET） in favor of JA signaling pathway in plant stress responses is well recognized, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we show the opposing function of two transcription factors, ethylene insensitive3 （EIN3） and EIN3-Like1 （EIL1）, in SA-mediated suppression and JA- mediated activation of PLANT DEFENSINI.2 （PDFI.2）. This functional duality is mediated via their effect on protein, not transcript levels of the PDF1.2 transcriptional activator octadecanoid-responsive Arabidopsis59 （ORA59）. Specifically, JA induces ORA59 protein levels independently of EIN3/EIL1, whereas SA reduces the protein levels dependently of EIN3/EIL1. Co-infiltration assays revealed nuclear co-localization of ORA59 and EIN3, and split- luciferase together with yeast-two-hybrid assays established their physical interaction. The functional ramification of the physical interaction is EIN3-dependent degradation of ORA59 by the 26S proteasome. These findings allude to SA-responsive reduction of ORA59 levels mediated by EIN3 binding to and targeting of ORA59 for degrada4tion, thus nominating ORA59 pool as a coordination node for the antagonistic function of ET/JA and SA.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31721001 and 31400261)the“Ten Thousand Talent Program”Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology,Henan Province
文摘Phospholipids, including phosphatidic acid （PA）, phosphatidylcholine （PC）, phosphatidylethanolamine （PE）, phosphatidylglycerol （PC）, phosphatidylserine （PS） and phosphoinositides, have emerged as an important class of cellular messenger molecules in various cellular and physiological processes, of which PA attracts much attention of researchers. In addition to its effect on stimulating vesicle trafficking, many studies have demonstrated that PA plays a crucial role in various signaling pathways by binding target proteins and regulating their activity and subcellular localization. Here, we summarize the functional mechanisms and target proteins underlying PA-mediated regulation of cellular signaling, development, hormonal responses, and stress responses in plants.
