Lysophosphatidic acid(LPA)is a pleiotropic lipid agonist essential for functions of the central nervous system(CNS).It is abundant in the developing and adult brain while its concentration in biological fluids,includi...Lysophosphatidic acid(LPA)is a pleiotropic lipid agonist essential for functions of the central nervous system(CNS).It is abundant in the developing and adult brain while its concentration in biological fluids,including cerebrospinal fluid,varies significantly(Figure 1Α;Yung et al.,2014).LPA actually corresponds to a variety of lipid species that include different stereoisomers with either saturated or unsaturated fatty acids bearing likely differentiated biological activities(Figure 1Α;Yung et al.,2014;Hernández-Araiza et al.,2018).展开更多
Investigating structural and hydroxyl group effects in electrooxidation of alcohols to value-added products by solid-acid electrocatalysts is essential for upgrading biomass alcohols.Herein,we report efficient electro...Investigating structural and hydroxyl group effects in electrooxidation of alcohols to value-added products by solid-acid electrocatalysts is essential for upgrading biomass alcohols.Herein,we report efficient electrocatalytic oxidations of saturated alcohols(C_(1)-C_(6))to selectively form formate using Ni Co hydroxide(Ni Co-OH)derived Ni Co_(2)O_(4)solid-acid electrocatalysts with balanced Lewis acid(LASs)and Brønsted acid sites(BASs).Thermal treatment transforms BASs-rich(89.6%)Ni Co-OH into Ni Co_(2)O_(4)with nearly equal distribution of LASs(53.1%)and BASs(46.9%)which synergistically promote adsorption and activation of OH-and alcohol molecules for enhanced oxidation activity.In contrast,BASs-enriched Ni Co-OH facilitates formation of higher valence metal sites,beneficial for water oxidation.The combined experimental studies and theoretical calculation imply the oxidation ability of C1-C6alcohols increases as increased number of hydroxyl groups and decreased HOMO-LUMO gaps:methanol(C_(1))<ethylene glycol(C_(2))<glycerol(C3)<meso-erythritol(C4)<xylitol(C5)<sorbitol(C6),while the formate selectivity shows the opposite trend from 100 to 80%.This study unveils synergistic roles of LASs and BASs,as well as hydroxyl group effect in electro-upgrading of alcohols using solid-acid electrocatalysts.展开更多
Knowledge of the etiological and pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of any disease is essential for its treatment.Because the cause of primary biliary cholangitis(PBC),a chronic,slowly progressive cholestatic ...Knowledge of the etiological and pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of any disease is essential for its treatment.Because the cause of primary biliary cholangitis(PBC),a chronic,slowly progressive cholestatic liver disease,is still unknown,treatment remains symptomatic.Knowledge of the physicochemical properties of various bile acids and the adaptive responses of cholangiocytes and hepatocytes to them has provided an important basis for the development of relatively effective drugs based on hydrophilic bile acids that can potentially slow the progression of the disease.Advances in the use of hydrophilic bile acids for the treatment of PBC are also associated with the discovery of pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of cholangiocyte damage and the appearance of the first signs of this disease.For 35 years,ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA)has been the unique drug of choice for the treatment of patients with PBC.In recent years,the list of hydrophilic bile acids used to treat cholestatic liver diseases,including PBC,has expanded.In addition to UDCA,the use of obeticholic acid,tauroursodeoxycholic acid and norursodeoxycholic acid as drugs is discussed.The pathogenetic rationale for treatment of PBC with various bile acid drugs is discussed in this review.Emphasis is made on the mechanisms explaining the beneficial therapeutic effects and potential of each of the bile acid as a drug,based on the understanding of the pathogenesis of the initial stages of PBC.展开更多
Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’...Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’s disease.In this review,we summarize the changes in short-chain fatty acid levels and the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in various samples from patients with Parkinson’s disease,highlighting the critical role of gut homeostasis imbalance in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease.Focusing on the nervous system,we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which short-chain fatty acids influence the homeostasis of both the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system.We identify key processes,including the activation of G protein-coupled receptors and the inhibition of histone deacetylases by short-chain fatty acids.Importantly,structural or functional disruptions in the enteric nervous system mediated by these fatty acids may lead to abnormalα-synuclein expression and gastrointestinal dysmotility,which could serve as an initiating event in Parkinson’s disease.Furthermore,we propose that short-chain fatty acids help establish communication between the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system via the vagal nerve,immune circulation,and endocrine signaling.This communication may shed light on their potential role in the transmission ofα-synuclein from the gut to the brain.Finally,we elucidate novel treatment strategies for Parkinson’s disease that target short-chain fatty acids and examine the challenges associated with translating short-chain fatty acid-based therapies into clinical practice.In conclusion,this review emphasizes the pivotal role of short-chain fatty acids in regulating gut-brain axis integrity and their significance in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease from the perspective of the nervous system.Moreover,it highlights the potential value of short-chain fatty acids in early intervention for Parkinson’s disease.Future research into the molecular mechanisms of short-chain fatty acids and their synergistic interactions with other gut metabolites is likely to advance the clinical translation of innovative short-chain fatty acid-based therapies for Parkinson’s disease.展开更多
Three copper(Ⅱ),nickel and cadmium(Ⅱ)complexes,namely[Cu_(2)(μ-H2dbda)2(phen)2]·2H_(2)O(1),[Ni(μ-H2dbda)(μ-bpb)(H_(2)O)2]n(2),and[Cd(μ-H2dbda)(μ-bpa)]n(3),have been constructed hydrothermally using H4dbda(...Three copper(Ⅱ),nickel and cadmium(Ⅱ)complexes,namely[Cu_(2)(μ-H2dbda)2(phen)2]·2H_(2)O(1),[Ni(μ-H2dbda)(μ-bpb)(H_(2)O)2]n(2),and[Cd(μ-H2dbda)(μ-bpa)]n(3),have been constructed hydrothermally using H4dbda(4,4'-dihydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid),phen(1,10-phenanthroline),bpb(1,4-bis(pyrid-4-yl)benzene),bpa(bis(4-pyridyl)amine),and copper,nickel and cadmium chlorides at 160℃.The products were isolated as stable crystalline solids and were characterized by IR spectra,elemental analyses,thermogravimetric analyses,and singlecrystal X-ray diffraction analyses.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that three complexes crystallize in the monoclinic P21/n,tetragonal I42d,and orthorhombic P21212 space groups.The complexes exhibit molecular dimers(1)or 2D metal-organic networks(2 and 3).The catalytic performances in the Knoevenagel reaction of these complexes were investigated.Complex 1 exhibits an effective catalytic activity and excellent reusability as a heterogeneous catalyst in the Knoevenagel reaction at room temperature.CCDC:2463800,1;2463801,2;2463802,3.展开更多
Metabolic reprogramming involving branched-chain amino acids(BCAAs)—leucine,isoleucine,and valine—is increasingly recognized as pivotal in cancer progression,metastasis,and immune modulation.This review comprehensiv...Metabolic reprogramming involving branched-chain amino acids(BCAAs)—leucine,isoleucine,and valine—is increasingly recognized as pivotal in cancer progression,metastasis,and immune modulation.This review comprehensively explores how cancer cells rewire BCAA metabolism to enhance proliferation,survival,and therapy resistance.Tumors manipulate BCAA uptake and catabolism via high expression of transporters like L-type amino acid transporter 1(LAT1)and enzymes including branched chain amino acid transaminase 1(BCAT1),branched chain amino acid transaminase 2(BCAT2),branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase(BCKDH),and branched chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase kinase(BCKDK).These alterations sustain energy production,biosynthesis,redox homeostasis,and oncogenic signaling(especially mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1[mTORC1]).Crucially,tumor-driven BCAA depletion also shapes an immunosuppressive microenvironment,impairing anti-tumor immunity by limiting essential nutrients for T cells and natural killer(NK)cells.Innovative therapeutic strategies targeting BCAA pathways—ranging from selective small-molecule inhibitors(e.g.,LAT1 and BCAT1/2)to dietary modulation—have shown promising preclinical and early clinical efficacy,highlighting their potential to exploit metabolic vulnerabilities in cancer cells while bolstering immune responses.By integrating multi-omics data and precision targeting approaches,this review underscores the translational significance of BCAA metabolic reprogramming,positioning it as a novel frontier in cancer treatment.展开更多
Objective:To investigate effect of oleanolic acid(OA)on atherosclerosis and its related mechanisms.Methods:Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)were injured by oxidized low-density lipoprotein for 24 h and tr...Objective:To investigate effect of oleanolic acid(OA)on atherosclerosis and its related mechanisms.Methods:Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)were injured by oxidized low-density lipoprotein for 24 h and treated with OA,and the levels of cell proliferation,migration,adhesion,and apoptosis were evaluated by BrdU staining,scratch healing assay,monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion assay and flow cytometry.The mice were fed with a high-fat diet to induce an atherosclerosis model,and treated with OA by gastric gavage.The mice were divided into the control group,the model group,and the OA administration group.The blood lipid and plaque formation in mice were detected.In addition,oxidative stress and mitochondrial structure and function changes in cells and mice were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy,JC-1 fluorescent probe,and Western blotting assays.The expression levels of proteins in the AMPK/Drp1 pathway were examined through Western blot.Results:OA markedly increased cell viability and migration rate of HUVECs,and decreased the adhesion rate of THP-1 cells and the apoptosis rate.OA significantly reduced serum lipid levels,such as total cholesterol and triglyceride,in mice and inhibited plaque formation in the aorta.OA also significantly increased the content of superoxide dismutase and catalase,alleviated mitochondrial damage,such as mitochondrial swelling and mitochondrial cristae reduction,reduced the number of mitochondria,increased adenosine triphosphate content,and significantly reduced p-Drp1(Ser616)/Drp1,MFF and FIS1 levels,increased p-AMPK/AMPK levels,activated AMPK,and then regulated DRP1 activity.Conclusions:OA activates AMPK,which in turn regulates the activity of DRP1 to restore normal mitochondrial dynamics and reduce atherosclerosis.展开更多
Background:Recent studies have shown glycerolipid metabolism played an essential role in multiple tumors,however,its function in osteosarcoma is unclear.This study aimed to explore the role of glycerolipid metabolism ...Background:Recent studies have shown glycerolipid metabolism played an essential role in multiple tumors,however,its function in osteosarcoma is unclear.This study aimed to explore the role of glycerolipid metabolism in osteosarcoma.Methods:We conducted bioinformatics analysis using data from the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments(TARGET)database and single-cell RNA sequencing.Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator(LASSO)regression was used to identify the Glycerolipid metabolism-related genes associated with the clinical outcome of osteosarcoma.Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)and their interactions with immune cells were examined through single-cell analysis and co-culture experiments.Virtual screening was employed to identify the potential lysophosphatidic acid receptor 6(LPAR6)inhibitors.Results:Glycerolipid metabolism-related genes 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 3(AGPAT3)and aldehyde dehydrogenase 7 family member A1(ALDH7A1)were identified as key prognostic genes in osteosarcoma,with high AGPAT3 expression correlating with improved survival.Single-cell analysis revealed that AGPAT3 expression is associated with tumor immune microenvironment,particularly with TAMs.Knockdown of AGPAT3 in osteosarcoma cells resulted in elevated lysophosphatidic acid(LPA)levels,which regulated the immune environment,inhibiting cytotoxic T cell function through TAMs’LPAR6 signaling.LPAR6 signaling in TAMs mediates immune regulation through cytokine secretion,including interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-10(IL-10).Further drug virtual screening identified Dutasteride as a potential inhibitor of LPAR6.Conclusion:AGPAT3 is an important gene related to the prognosis of osteosarcoma.Its ability to modulate LPA signaling and TAM activity offers promising therapeutic opportunities for improving osteosarcoma treatment,particularly in immunotherapy contexts.展开更多
Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system.They act as the first line of defense against pathogens and play essential roles in neuroinflammation and tissue repair after brain insult or in neu...Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system.They act as the first line of defense against pathogens and play essential roles in neuroinflammation and tissue repair after brain insult or in neurodegenerative and demyelinating diseases(Borst et al.,2021).Together with infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages,microglia also play a critical role for brain tumor development,since immunosuppressive interactions between tumor cells and tumor-associated microglia and macrophages(TAM)are linked to malignant progression.This mechanism is of particular relevance in glioblastoma(GB),the deadliest form of brain cancer with a median overall survival of less than 15 months(Khan et al.,2023).Therefore,targeting microglia and macrophage activation is a promising strategy for therapeutic interference in brain disease.展开更多
The early developmental period is a critical window during which brain cells mature and contribute to both brain development and later life functions.Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA),recognized as a major neurotransmitte...The early developmental period is a critical window during which brain cells mature and contribute to both brain development and later life functions.Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA),recognized as a major neurotransmitter,plays a crucial role in coordinating synapse formation,neuronal proliferation,and migration during this time.展开更多
Developing efficient photocatalysts to address collaborative energy and environmental crises still faces significant challenges.In this report,we present a highly efficient MXene–based photocatalyst,which is combined...Developing efficient photocatalysts to address collaborative energy and environmental crises still faces significant challenges.In this report,we present a highly efficient MXene–based photocatalyst,which is combined with MoS_(2)nano patches and TiO_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)(TTC)nanowires through hydrothermal treatment.Of all the composites tested,the optimized photocatalyst gave a remarkable H_(2)and revolving polylactic acid(PLA)into pyruvic acid(PA).Achieving a remarkable H_(2)evolution rate of 637.1 and 243.2μmol g^(−1)h^(−1),in the presence of TEOA and PLA as a sacrificial reagent under UV-vis(λ≥365 nm)light irradiation.The improved photocatalytic activity is a result of the combination of dual cocatalyst on the surface of TTC photocatalyst,which create an ideal synergistic effect for the generation of PA and the production of H_(2)simultaneously.The MoS_(2)TiO_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)(MTT)composite can generate more photoexcited charge carriers,leading to the generation of more active radicals,which may enhance the system's photocatalytic activity.This work aims at demonstrating its future significance and guide the scientific community towards a more efficient approach to commercializing H_(2)through photocatalysis.展开更多
Originally extracted from willow bark,salicylic acid(SA)provided the structural basis for the synthesis of acetylsalicylic acid(aspirin)in 1897,a milestone that exemplifies the far-reaching biomedical relevance of pla...Originally extracted from willow bark,salicylic acid(SA)provided the structural basis for the synthesis of acetylsalicylic acid(aspirin)in 1897,a milestone that exemplifies the far-reaching biomedical relevance of plant-derived metabolites(Desborough and Keeling,2017).In plants,SA functions as a pleiotropic phytohormone that orchestrates immune reprogramming,serving as a central mediator of both local defense responses and systemic acquired resistance(SAR).展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary guanidinoacetic acid on growth performance,meat quality,antioxidant activity,and antioxidant-related gene expression in ducks.Total 48042-day-old female ducks wer...This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary guanidinoacetic acid on growth performance,meat quality,antioxidant activity,and antioxidant-related gene expression in ducks.Total 48042-day-old female ducks were randomly divided into four groups with six replicates and 20 ducks per replicate and fed the basal diet to the control group.The experimental groups were fed the basal diet with 400,600 and 800 mg·kg^(-1) guanidinoacetic acid,respectively.The trial lasted 48 days.Compared with the control group,(1)the body weight at 90 days and average daily gain were increased(P<0.05),the feed conservation ratio was decreased(P<0.05);(2)the dressing percentage and breast muscle percentage were increased(P<0.05);(3)the total amino acid content,polyunsaturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids ratio were increased(P<0.05)in breast and thigh muscles;(4)activities of superoxide dismutase,catalase and glutathione peroxidase enzyme were increased(P<0.05)in thigh muscles;(5)the relative expressions of superoxide dismutase 1,glutathione peroxidase 1,and catalase were significantly increased(P<0.05)in the liver.In this study,the optimum dosage of 600 mg·kg^(-1) guanidinoacetic acid improved the growth performance,meat quality,antioxidant activity,and antioxidant-related gene expression in ducks.展开更多
In order to verify the synthesis pathway of linoleic acid(LA)to generate arachidonic acid(ARA),the functions ofΔ6 FAD and Elovl 5 in Apostichopus japonicus were tested by heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris.A ...In order to verify the synthesis pathway of linoleic acid(LA)to generate arachidonic acid(ARA),the functions ofΔ6 FAD and Elovl 5 in Apostichopus japonicus were tested by heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris.A 60-day feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary LA and ARA on growth,polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)biosynthesis and im-mune function of A.japonicus.Seven diets containing graded levels of LA or ARA were formulated,and one diet without PUFA was applied as a control.The results confirmed thatΔ6 FAD from A.japonicus has a double desaturation ability ofΔ6 andΔ5 for PUFA,and it works together with Elovl 5 enzyme play important roles in biosynthesis of ARA from LA.With increasing dietary LA from 4.9 to 12.1 g/kg,the expressions ofΔ6 FAD and Elovl 5,levels of LA,ARA and EPA in tissues increased,and the activities of ACP,AKP and CAT enzymes in intestine initially increased and then decreased.Additionally,by increasing dietary ARA from 0.7 to 3.8 g/kg,the contents of ALA,EPA and DHA decreased,while theΔ6 FAD expression and the activities of ACP,AKP and CAT in intes-tine increased significantly.Therefore,appropriate dietary levels of LA(12.1 g/kg)or ARA(3.8 g/kg)build a reasonable composi-tion of n-3/n-6 PUFA in A.japonicus,and improved its growth,antioxidant capacity and immunological defenses.展开更多
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide.Its prevalence is closely linked to the dramatic rise in obesity and non-communicable diseas...BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide.Its prevalence is closely linked to the dramatic rise in obesity and non-communicable diseases.MASLD exhibits a progressive trajectory that may culminate in development of hepatic cirrhosis,thereby predisposing affected individuals to an elevated likelihood of hepatocarcinogenesis.Diet,especially dietary fatty acids,serves as a key link between nutrient intake and MASLD pathogenesis.AIM To explore the impact of various omega-6 fatty acid subtypes on the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies of MASLD.METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted across Web of Science,PubMed,Cochrane Central,Scopus,and Embase databases from inception through June 2024 to identify all original studies linking different subtypes of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids to the pathogenesis and management of MASLD.The search strategy explored the linkage between omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and their subtypes,including linoleic acid(LA),gamma-linolenic acid(GLA),arachidonic acid,conjugated LA,and docosapentaenoic acid,in relation to MASLD and cardiometabolic risk.RESULTS By employing the specified search strategy,a total of 83 articles were identified as potentially eligible.During the title,abstract,and full-text screening phases,27 duplicate records were removed,leaving 56 records for relevance screening.Of these,43 records were excluded for reasons such as irrelevance and language restrictions(limited to English),resulting in 13 full-text articles being included for detailed assessment(10 human studies,1 animal study,and 2 review articles).Although certain subtypes,as GLA,dihomo-GLA,omega-6-derived oxylipins,and most arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids,exhibit pro-inflammatory effects,our findings suggest that other subtypes such as LA,cis-9,trans-11 conjugated LA,and docosapentaenoic acid have beneficial effects on fatty liver,cardiometabolic risk factors,and inflammation,even at high intake levels.CONCLUSION The varying health effects of omega-6 fatty acids,ranging from anti-inflammatory to pro-inflammatory impacts on the liver,leave the question of their recommendation for MASLD patients unresolved.This underscores the importance of careful selection when considering omega-6 supplementation.展开更多
This study focuses on using a green reagent scheme of methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and citric acid (CA) to extract valuable metals from the cathodes, aiming to minimize environmental impact during the recycling process....This study focuses on using a green reagent scheme of methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and citric acid (CA) to extract valuable metals from the cathodes, aiming to minimize environmental impact during the recycling process. Leaching studies on LiCoO_(2) identified optimal conditions as follows: 2.4 mol/L MSA, 1.6 mol/L CA, S/L ratio of 80 g/L, leaching temperature of 90oC and leaching time of 6 h. The maximum Co and Li extraction achieved was 92% and 85%, respectively. LiCoO_(2) dissolution in MSA-CA leaching solution is highly impacted by temperature;Avrami equation showed a good fitting for the leaching data. The experimental activation energy of Co and Li was 50.98 kJ/mol and 50.55 kJ/mol, respectively, indicating that it is a chemical reaction-controlled process. Furthermore, cobalt was efficiently recovered from the leachate using oxalic acid, achieving a precipitation efficiency of 99.91% and a high-purity cobalt oxalate product (99.85 wt.%). In the MSA-CA leaching solution, MSA served as a lixiviant, while CA played a key role in reducing Co in LiCoO_(2). The overall organic acid leaching methodology presents an attractive option due to its reduced environmental impact.展开更多
The sleep-wake cycle stands as an integrative process essential for sustaining optimal brain function and,either directly or indirectly,overall body health,encompassing metabolic and cardiovascular well-being.Given th...The sleep-wake cycle stands as an integrative process essential for sustaining optimal brain function and,either directly or indirectly,overall body health,encompassing metabolic and cardiovascular well-being.Given the heightened metabolic activity of the brain,there exists a considerable demand for nutrients in comparison to other organs.Among these,the branched-chain amino acids,comprising leucine,isoleucine,and valine,display distinctive significance,from their contribution to protein structure to their involvement in overall metabolism,especially in cerebral processes.Among the first amino acids that are released into circulation post-food intake,branched-chain amino acids assume a pivotal role in the regulation of protein synthesis,modulating insulin secretion and the amino acid sensing pathway of target of rapamycin.Branched-chain amino acids are key players in influencing the brain's uptake of monoamine precursors,competing for a shared transporter.Beyond their involvement in protein synthesis,these amino acids contribute to the metabolic cycles ofγ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate,as well as energy metabolism.Notably,they impact GABAergic neurons and the excitation/inhibition balance.The rhythmicity of branchedchain amino acids in plasma concentrations,observed over a 24-hour cycle and conserved in rodent models,is under circadian clock control.The mechanisms underlying those rhythms and the physiological consequences of their disruption are not fully understood.Disturbed sleep,obesity,diabetes,and cardiovascular diseases can elevate branched-chain amino acid concentrations or modify their oscillatory dynamics.The mechanisms driving these effects are currently the focal point of ongoing research efforts,since normalizing branched-chain amino acid levels has the ability to alleviate the severity of these pathologies.In this context,the Drosophila model,though underutilized,holds promise in shedding new light on these mechanisms.Initial findings indicate its potential to introduce novel concepts,particularly in elucidating the intricate connections between the circadian clock,sleep/wake,and metabolism.Consequently,the use and transport of branched-chain amino acids emerge as critical components and orchestrators in the web of interactions across multiple organs throughout the sleep/wake cycle.They could represent one of the so far elusive mechanisms connecting sleep patterns to metabolic and cardiovascular health,paving the way for potential therapeutic interventions.展开更多
Background Caffeic acid(CA)and its derivative,chlorogenic acid(CGA),have shown promise in preventing and alleviating fatty liver disease.CA,compared to CGA,has much lower production costs and higher bioavailability,ma...Background Caffeic acid(CA)and its derivative,chlorogenic acid(CGA),have shown promise in preventing and alleviating fatty liver disease.CA,compared to CGA,has much lower production costs and higher bioavailability,making it a potentially superior feed additive.However,the efficacy,mechanistic differences,and comparative impacts of CA and CGA on fatty liver disease in laying hens remain unclear.This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of CA and CGA on production performance,egg quality,and fatty liver disease in laying hens.Results A total of 1,44061-week-old Hyline Brown laying hens were randomly divided into 8 groups and fed diets supplemented with basal diet,25,50,100 and 200 mg/kg of CA,and 100,200 and 400 mg/kg of CGA(CON,CA25,CA50,CA100,CA200,CGA100,CGA200 and CGA400,respectively)for 12 weeks.Both CA and CGA improved production performance and egg quality,while reducing markers of hepatic damage and lipid accumulation.CA and CGA significantly decreased TG,TC,and LDL-C levels and increased T-SOD activity.Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that CA and CGA reduced hepatic lipid accumulation through downregulation of lipid biosynthesis-related genes(ACLY,ACACA,FASN,and SCD1)and enhanced lipid transport and oxidation genes(FABPs,CD36,CPT1A,ACOX1,and SCP2).Of note,low-dose CA25 exhibited equivalent efficacy to the higher dose CGA100 group in alleviating fatty liver conditions.Mechanistically,CA and CGA alleviated lipid accumulation via activation of the ADPN-AMPK-PPARαsignaling pathway.Conclusions This study demonstrates that dietary CA and CGA effectively improve laying performance,egg quality,and hepatic lipid metabolism in laying hens,with CA potentially being more economical and efficient.Transcriptomic and proteomic evidence highlight shared mechanisms between CA25 and CGA100.These findings provide a foundation for CA and CGA as therapeutic agents for fatty liver disease and related metabolic diseases in hens,and also offer insights into the targeted modification of CGA(including the isomer of CGA)into CA,thereby providing novel strategies for the efficient utilization of CGA.Highlights(1)Dietary CA and CGA improve fatty liver,laying performance and egg quality.(2)Lower dose of CA25 achieves the equivalent improvement as CGA100 or CGA200.(3)CA and CGA mediate the ADPN-AMPK-PPARαpathway to alleviate fatty liver.展开更多
Four exogenous phenolic acids, including salicylic acid, fumalic acid, p-coumaric acid and p-hydroxybenzonic acid, were used to investigate the regulatory effects on allelopathy of a wild rice accession of S37 （Oryza...Four exogenous phenolic acids, including salicylic acid, fumalic acid, p-coumaric acid and p-hydroxybenzonic acid, were used to investigate the regulatory effects on allelopathy of a wild rice accession of S37 （Oryza Iongistaminata）, which is a known allelopathic rice. The four exogenous phenolic acids induced the enhancement of the allelopathic potential of wild rice S37 in target weeds though the weed-suppressive activities were low, and the inducible effects were dependent on the specific phenolic acid, concentration and treatment time. After foliar application of exogenous phenolic acids, the inhibition rates for plant height, root length and fresh weight of barnyard grass （Echinochioa crus-galli） were significantly higher than those of the control. Especially at the concentration of 100 mg/L, the inhibition rates for plant height and fresh weight of barnyard grass by fumalic acid were 38.12% and 26.31% higher than those of the control, showing that fumalic acid was more effective compared with other phenolic acids in inhibiting monocotyledon weed growth. Furthermore, the weedsuppressive activity of aqueous extract from the leaves of wild rice S37 treated with exogenous phenolic acids was increased, and it peaked at 48 h after the treatment with the aqueous extract, and then gradually declined.展开更多
Background This study investigated the potential impacts of increasing linoleic andα-linolenic acid intake during lactation and wean-to-breeding on subsequent reproduction of sows.A total of 309 sows(PIC Camborough L...Background This study investigated the potential impacts of increasing linoleic andα-linolenic acid intake during lactation and wean-to-breeding on subsequent reproduction of sows.A total of 309 sows(PIC Camborough L42)were balanced by parity(140 and 169 sows representing parity 1 to 2[P1-2]and 3 to 9[P3+],respectively)and assigned within parity to a 2×2 factorial arrangement.Factors included essential fatty acid(EFA)supplementation(control diets containing 1.2%linoleic and 0.15%α-linolenic acid or diets with 3.0%linoleic and 0.38%α-linolenic acid)and supplementation period(lactation or wean-to-breeding).Tallow(low EFA diets)or soybean oil(high EFA diets)were included at 4%in sorghum-soybean meal-wheat middlings-based diets to attain targeted EFA levels.Results High levels of EFA fed during lactation had no effect on feed intake or litter performance,but increased subsequent farrowing rate(P=0.027;82.1%vs.70.4%),tended to reduce the proportion of sows removed(P=0.070;12.4%vs.20.8%),decreased the number of total pigs born in the following litter(P=0.072;15.3 vs.16.2),and increased total pigs born alive per 100 sows weaned(P=0.062;1,122 vs.974),regardless of sow parity.Young sows(P1-2)consuming the high EFA diet during lactation displayed a shorter wean-to-estrus interval(P=0.035;4.2 vs.4.6),but P3+sows were unaffected.Increasing EFA intake for P3+sows,but not P1-2 sows,resulted in more sows bred by d 5(P=0.028;91.1%vs.81.7%)and more mummies in the subsequent litter(P=0.040;0.32 vs.0.16).Feeding increased EFA to P1-2 sows during the wean-to-breeding period decreased subsequent farrowing rate(P=0.042;72.0%vs.87.7%),and increased removal rate(P=0.003;28.8%vs.9.4%).Total pigs born alive per 100 sows weaned was reduced(P=0.007)in P1-2 sows when supplemented with EFA during wean-breeding(939 vs.1,149)but was not impacted in P3+sows(1,131 vs.982).Conclusions Supplemental EFA in lactation diets benefited subsequent reproduction of sows,regardless of parity.Increasing dietary levels of EFA during the wean-to-breeding period to younger sows negatively impacted subsequent reproduction.展开更多
基金supported by the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation,HFRI,“2nd Call for HFRI Research Projects to support Faculty Members&Researchers”Project 02667 to GL.
文摘Lysophosphatidic acid(LPA)is a pleiotropic lipid agonist essential for functions of the central nervous system(CNS).It is abundant in the developing and adult brain while its concentration in biological fluids,including cerebrospinal fluid,varies significantly(Figure 1Α;Yung et al.,2014).LPA actually corresponds to a variety of lipid species that include different stereoisomers with either saturated or unsaturated fatty acids bearing likely differentiated biological activities(Figure 1Α;Yung et al.,2014;Hernández-Araiza et al.,2018).
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172110,52472231,52311530113)Shanghai"Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan"intergovernmental international science and technology cooperation project(23520710600)+1 种基金Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(22DZ1205600)the Central Guidance on Science and Technology Development Fund of Zhejiang Province(2024ZY01011)。
文摘Investigating structural and hydroxyl group effects in electrooxidation of alcohols to value-added products by solid-acid electrocatalysts is essential for upgrading biomass alcohols.Herein,we report efficient electrocatalytic oxidations of saturated alcohols(C_(1)-C_(6))to selectively form formate using Ni Co hydroxide(Ni Co-OH)derived Ni Co_(2)O_(4)solid-acid electrocatalysts with balanced Lewis acid(LASs)and Brønsted acid sites(BASs).Thermal treatment transforms BASs-rich(89.6%)Ni Co-OH into Ni Co_(2)O_(4)with nearly equal distribution of LASs(53.1%)and BASs(46.9%)which synergistically promote adsorption and activation of OH-and alcohol molecules for enhanced oxidation activity.In contrast,BASs-enriched Ni Co-OH facilitates formation of higher valence metal sites,beneficial for water oxidation.The combined experimental studies and theoretical calculation imply the oxidation ability of C1-C6alcohols increases as increased number of hydroxyl groups and decreased HOMO-LUMO gaps:methanol(C_(1))<ethylene glycol(C_(2))<glycerol(C3)<meso-erythritol(C4)<xylitol(C5)<sorbitol(C6),while the formate selectivity shows the opposite trend from 100 to 80%.This study unveils synergistic roles of LASs and BASs,as well as hydroxyl group effect in electro-upgrading of alcohols using solid-acid electrocatalysts.
文摘Knowledge of the etiological and pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of any disease is essential for its treatment.Because the cause of primary biliary cholangitis(PBC),a chronic,slowly progressive cholestatic liver disease,is still unknown,treatment remains symptomatic.Knowledge of the physicochemical properties of various bile acids and the adaptive responses of cholangiocytes and hepatocytes to them has provided an important basis for the development of relatively effective drugs based on hydrophilic bile acids that can potentially slow the progression of the disease.Advances in the use of hydrophilic bile acids for the treatment of PBC are also associated with the discovery of pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of cholangiocyte damage and the appearance of the first signs of this disease.For 35 years,ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA)has been the unique drug of choice for the treatment of patients with PBC.In recent years,the list of hydrophilic bile acids used to treat cholestatic liver diseases,including PBC,has expanded.In addition to UDCA,the use of obeticholic acid,tauroursodeoxycholic acid and norursodeoxycholic acid as drugs is discussed.The pathogenetic rationale for treatment of PBC with various bile acid drugs is discussed in this review.Emphasis is made on the mechanisms explaining the beneficial therapeutic effects and potential of each of the bile acid as a drug,based on the understanding of the pathogenesis of the initial stages of PBC.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,No.2021YFC2501200(to PC).
文摘Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’s disease.In this review,we summarize the changes in short-chain fatty acid levels and the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in various samples from patients with Parkinson’s disease,highlighting the critical role of gut homeostasis imbalance in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease.Focusing on the nervous system,we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which short-chain fatty acids influence the homeostasis of both the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system.We identify key processes,including the activation of G protein-coupled receptors and the inhibition of histone deacetylases by short-chain fatty acids.Importantly,structural or functional disruptions in the enteric nervous system mediated by these fatty acids may lead to abnormalα-synuclein expression and gastrointestinal dysmotility,which could serve as an initiating event in Parkinson’s disease.Furthermore,we propose that short-chain fatty acids help establish communication between the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system via the vagal nerve,immune circulation,and endocrine signaling.This communication may shed light on their potential role in the transmission ofα-synuclein from the gut to the brain.Finally,we elucidate novel treatment strategies for Parkinson’s disease that target short-chain fatty acids and examine the challenges associated with translating short-chain fatty acid-based therapies into clinical practice.In conclusion,this review emphasizes the pivotal role of short-chain fatty acids in regulating gut-brain axis integrity and their significance in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease from the perspective of the nervous system.Moreover,it highlights the potential value of short-chain fatty acids in early intervention for Parkinson’s disease.Future research into the molecular mechanisms of short-chain fatty acids and their synergistic interactions with other gut metabolites is likely to advance the clinical translation of innovative short-chain fatty acid-based therapies for Parkinson’s disease.
文摘Three copper(Ⅱ),nickel and cadmium(Ⅱ)complexes,namely[Cu_(2)(μ-H2dbda)2(phen)2]·2H_(2)O(1),[Ni(μ-H2dbda)(μ-bpb)(H_(2)O)2]n(2),and[Cd(μ-H2dbda)(μ-bpa)]n(3),have been constructed hydrothermally using H4dbda(4,4'-dihydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid),phen(1,10-phenanthroline),bpb(1,4-bis(pyrid-4-yl)benzene),bpa(bis(4-pyridyl)amine),and copper,nickel and cadmium chlorides at 160℃.The products were isolated as stable crystalline solids and were characterized by IR spectra,elemental analyses,thermogravimetric analyses,and singlecrystal X-ray diffraction analyses.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that three complexes crystallize in the monoclinic P21/n,tetragonal I42d,and orthorhombic P21212 space groups.The complexes exhibit molecular dimers(1)or 2D metal-organic networks(2 and 3).The catalytic performances in the Knoevenagel reaction of these complexes were investigated.Complex 1 exhibits an effective catalytic activity and excellent reusability as a heterogeneous catalyst in the Knoevenagel reaction at room temperature.CCDC:2463800,1;2463801,2;2463802,3.
基金supported by a grant from the Dalian Science and Technology Innovation Fund Program(No.2024JJ13PT070)United Foundation for Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University(No.DMU-2&DICP UN202410)Dalian Life and Health Field Guidance Program Project(No.2024ZDJH01PT084).
文摘Metabolic reprogramming involving branched-chain amino acids(BCAAs)—leucine,isoleucine,and valine—is increasingly recognized as pivotal in cancer progression,metastasis,and immune modulation.This review comprehensively explores how cancer cells rewire BCAA metabolism to enhance proliferation,survival,and therapy resistance.Tumors manipulate BCAA uptake and catabolism via high expression of transporters like L-type amino acid transporter 1(LAT1)and enzymes including branched chain amino acid transaminase 1(BCAT1),branched chain amino acid transaminase 2(BCAT2),branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase(BCKDH),and branched chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase kinase(BCKDK).These alterations sustain energy production,biosynthesis,redox homeostasis,and oncogenic signaling(especially mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1[mTORC1]).Crucially,tumor-driven BCAA depletion also shapes an immunosuppressive microenvironment,impairing anti-tumor immunity by limiting essential nutrients for T cells and natural killer(NK)cells.Innovative therapeutic strategies targeting BCAA pathways—ranging from selective small-molecule inhibitors(e.g.,LAT1 and BCAT1/2)to dietary modulation—have shown promising preclinical and early clinical efficacy,highlighting their potential to exploit metabolic vulnerabilities in cancer cells while bolstering immune responses.By integrating multi-omics data and precision targeting approaches,this review underscores the translational significance of BCAA metabolic reprogramming,positioning it as a novel frontier in cancer treatment.
文摘Objective:To investigate effect of oleanolic acid(OA)on atherosclerosis and its related mechanisms.Methods:Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)were injured by oxidized low-density lipoprotein for 24 h and treated with OA,and the levels of cell proliferation,migration,adhesion,and apoptosis were evaluated by BrdU staining,scratch healing assay,monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion assay and flow cytometry.The mice were fed with a high-fat diet to induce an atherosclerosis model,and treated with OA by gastric gavage.The mice were divided into the control group,the model group,and the OA administration group.The blood lipid and plaque formation in mice were detected.In addition,oxidative stress and mitochondrial structure and function changes in cells and mice were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy,JC-1 fluorescent probe,and Western blotting assays.The expression levels of proteins in the AMPK/Drp1 pathway were examined through Western blot.Results:OA markedly increased cell viability and migration rate of HUVECs,and decreased the adhesion rate of THP-1 cells and the apoptosis rate.OA significantly reduced serum lipid levels,such as total cholesterol and triglyceride,in mice and inhibited plaque formation in the aorta.OA also significantly increased the content of superoxide dismutase and catalase,alleviated mitochondrial damage,such as mitochondrial swelling and mitochondrial cristae reduction,reduced the number of mitochondria,increased adenosine triphosphate content,and significantly reduced p-Drp1(Ser616)/Drp1,MFF and FIS1 levels,increased p-AMPK/AMPK levels,activated AMPK,and then regulated DRP1 activity.Conclusions:OA activates AMPK,which in turn regulates the activity of DRP1 to restore normal mitochondrial dynamics and reduce atherosclerosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 82460425)Jiangxi Provincial Health Technology Project(grant number 202510141).
文摘Background:Recent studies have shown glycerolipid metabolism played an essential role in multiple tumors,however,its function in osteosarcoma is unclear.This study aimed to explore the role of glycerolipid metabolism in osteosarcoma.Methods:We conducted bioinformatics analysis using data from the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments(TARGET)database and single-cell RNA sequencing.Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator(LASSO)regression was used to identify the Glycerolipid metabolism-related genes associated with the clinical outcome of osteosarcoma.Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)and their interactions with immune cells were examined through single-cell analysis and co-culture experiments.Virtual screening was employed to identify the potential lysophosphatidic acid receptor 6(LPAR6)inhibitors.Results:Glycerolipid metabolism-related genes 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 3(AGPAT3)and aldehyde dehydrogenase 7 family member A1(ALDH7A1)were identified as key prognostic genes in osteosarcoma,with high AGPAT3 expression correlating with improved survival.Single-cell analysis revealed that AGPAT3 expression is associated with tumor immune microenvironment,particularly with TAMs.Knockdown of AGPAT3 in osteosarcoma cells resulted in elevated lysophosphatidic acid(LPA)levels,which regulated the immune environment,inhibiting cytotoxic T cell function through TAMs’LPAR6 signaling.LPAR6 signaling in TAMs mediates immune regulation through cytokine secretion,including interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-10(IL-10).Further drug virtual screening identified Dutasteride as a potential inhibitor of LPAR6.Conclusion:AGPAT3 is an important gene related to the prognosis of osteosarcoma.Its ability to modulate LPA signaling and TAM activity offers promising therapeutic opportunities for improving osteosarcoma treatment,particularly in immunotherapy contexts.
基金Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation),project numbers 324633948 and 409784463(DFG grants Hi 678/9-3 and Hi 678/10-2,FOR2953)to HHBundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung-BMBF,project number 16LW0463K to HT.
文摘Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system.They act as the first line of defense against pathogens and play essential roles in neuroinflammation and tissue repair after brain insult or in neurodegenerative and demyelinating diseases(Borst et al.,2021).Together with infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages,microglia also play a critical role for brain tumor development,since immunosuppressive interactions between tumor cells and tumor-associated microglia and macrophages(TAM)are linked to malignant progression.This mechanism is of particular relevance in glioblastoma(GB),the deadliest form of brain cancer with a median overall survival of less than 15 months(Khan et al.,2023).Therefore,targeting microglia and macrophage activation is a promising strategy for therapeutic interference in brain disease.
基金supported by the Center for Cognition and Sociality,Institute for Basic Science(IBS)(IBS-R001-D2)(to WK).
文摘The early developmental period is a critical window during which brain cells mature and contribute to both brain development and later life functions.Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA),recognized as a major neurotransmitter,plays a crucial role in coordinating synapse formation,neuronal proliferation,and migration during this time.
文摘Developing efficient photocatalysts to address collaborative energy and environmental crises still faces significant challenges.In this report,we present a highly efficient MXene–based photocatalyst,which is combined with MoS_(2)nano patches and TiO_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)(TTC)nanowires through hydrothermal treatment.Of all the composites tested,the optimized photocatalyst gave a remarkable H_(2)and revolving polylactic acid(PLA)into pyruvic acid(PA).Achieving a remarkable H_(2)evolution rate of 637.1 and 243.2μmol g^(−1)h^(−1),in the presence of TEOA and PLA as a sacrificial reagent under UV-vis(λ≥365 nm)light irradiation.The improved photocatalytic activity is a result of the combination of dual cocatalyst on the surface of TTC photocatalyst,which create an ideal synergistic effect for the generation of PA and the production of H_(2)simultaneously.The MoS_(2)TiO_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)(MTT)composite can generate more photoexcited charge carriers,leading to the generation of more active radicals,which may enhance the system's photocatalytic activity.This work aims at demonstrating its future significance and guide the scientific community towards a more efficient approach to commercializing H_(2)through photocatalysis.
基金supported by grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32330056)。
文摘Originally extracted from willow bark,salicylic acid(SA)provided the structural basis for the synthesis of acetylsalicylic acid(aspirin)in 1897,a milestone that exemplifies the far-reaching biomedical relevance of plant-derived metabolites(Desborough and Keeling,2017).In plants,SA functions as a pleiotropic phytohormone that orchestrates immune reprogramming,serving as a central mediator of both local defense responses and systemic acquired resistance(SAR).
基金Supported by Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(322MS134)。
文摘This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary guanidinoacetic acid on growth performance,meat quality,antioxidant activity,and antioxidant-related gene expression in ducks.Total 48042-day-old female ducks were randomly divided into four groups with six replicates and 20 ducks per replicate and fed the basal diet to the control group.The experimental groups were fed the basal diet with 400,600 and 800 mg·kg^(-1) guanidinoacetic acid,respectively.The trial lasted 48 days.Compared with the control group,(1)the body weight at 90 days and average daily gain were increased(P<0.05),the feed conservation ratio was decreased(P<0.05);(2)the dressing percentage and breast muscle percentage were increased(P<0.05);(3)the total amino acid content,polyunsaturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids ratio were increased(P<0.05)in breast and thigh muscles;(4)activities of superoxide dismutase,catalase and glutathione peroxidase enzyme were increased(P<0.05)in thigh muscles;(5)the relative expressions of superoxide dismutase 1,glutathione peroxidase 1,and catalase were significantly increased(P<0.05)in the liver.In this study,the optimum dosage of 600 mg·kg^(-1) guanidinoacetic acid improved the growth performance,meat quality,antioxidant activity,and antioxidant-related gene expression in ducks.
基金supported by the Natural Sci-ence Foundation of Shandong(Nos.ZR2022MC086 and ZR2023MC162).
文摘In order to verify the synthesis pathway of linoleic acid(LA)to generate arachidonic acid(ARA),the functions ofΔ6 FAD and Elovl 5 in Apostichopus japonicus were tested by heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris.A 60-day feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary LA and ARA on growth,polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)biosynthesis and im-mune function of A.japonicus.Seven diets containing graded levels of LA or ARA were formulated,and one diet without PUFA was applied as a control.The results confirmed thatΔ6 FAD from A.japonicus has a double desaturation ability ofΔ6 andΔ5 for PUFA,and it works together with Elovl 5 enzyme play important roles in biosynthesis of ARA from LA.With increasing dietary LA from 4.9 to 12.1 g/kg,the expressions ofΔ6 FAD and Elovl 5,levels of LA,ARA and EPA in tissues increased,and the activities of ACP,AKP and CAT enzymes in intestine initially increased and then decreased.Additionally,by increasing dietary ARA from 0.7 to 3.8 g/kg,the contents of ALA,EPA and DHA decreased,while theΔ6 FAD expression and the activities of ACP,AKP and CAT in intes-tine increased significantly.Therefore,appropriate dietary levels of LA(12.1 g/kg)or ARA(3.8 g/kg)build a reasonable composi-tion of n-3/n-6 PUFA in A.japonicus,and improved its growth,antioxidant capacity and immunological defenses.
文摘BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide.Its prevalence is closely linked to the dramatic rise in obesity and non-communicable diseases.MASLD exhibits a progressive trajectory that may culminate in development of hepatic cirrhosis,thereby predisposing affected individuals to an elevated likelihood of hepatocarcinogenesis.Diet,especially dietary fatty acids,serves as a key link between nutrient intake and MASLD pathogenesis.AIM To explore the impact of various omega-6 fatty acid subtypes on the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies of MASLD.METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted across Web of Science,PubMed,Cochrane Central,Scopus,and Embase databases from inception through June 2024 to identify all original studies linking different subtypes of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids to the pathogenesis and management of MASLD.The search strategy explored the linkage between omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and their subtypes,including linoleic acid(LA),gamma-linolenic acid(GLA),arachidonic acid,conjugated LA,and docosapentaenoic acid,in relation to MASLD and cardiometabolic risk.RESULTS By employing the specified search strategy,a total of 83 articles were identified as potentially eligible.During the title,abstract,and full-text screening phases,27 duplicate records were removed,leaving 56 records for relevance screening.Of these,43 records were excluded for reasons such as irrelevance and language restrictions(limited to English),resulting in 13 full-text articles being included for detailed assessment(10 human studies,1 animal study,and 2 review articles).Although certain subtypes,as GLA,dihomo-GLA,omega-6-derived oxylipins,and most arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids,exhibit pro-inflammatory effects,our findings suggest that other subtypes such as LA,cis-9,trans-11 conjugated LA,and docosapentaenoic acid have beneficial effects on fatty liver,cardiometabolic risk factors,and inflammation,even at high intake levels.CONCLUSION The varying health effects of omega-6 fatty acids,ranging from anti-inflammatory to pro-inflammatory impacts on the liver,leave the question of their recommendation for MASLD patients unresolved.This underscores the importance of careful selection when considering omega-6 supplementation.
文摘This study focuses on using a green reagent scheme of methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and citric acid (CA) to extract valuable metals from the cathodes, aiming to minimize environmental impact during the recycling process. Leaching studies on LiCoO_(2) identified optimal conditions as follows: 2.4 mol/L MSA, 1.6 mol/L CA, S/L ratio of 80 g/L, leaching temperature of 90oC and leaching time of 6 h. The maximum Co and Li extraction achieved was 92% and 85%, respectively. LiCoO_(2) dissolution in MSA-CA leaching solution is highly impacted by temperature;Avrami equation showed a good fitting for the leaching data. The experimental activation energy of Co and Li was 50.98 kJ/mol and 50.55 kJ/mol, respectively, indicating that it is a chemical reaction-controlled process. Furthermore, cobalt was efficiently recovered from the leachate using oxalic acid, achieving a precipitation efficiency of 99.91% and a high-purity cobalt oxalate product (99.85 wt.%). In the MSA-CA leaching solution, MSA served as a lixiviant, while CA played a key role in reducing Co in LiCoO_(2). The overall organic acid leaching methodology presents an attractive option due to its reduced environmental impact.
基金supported by a grant from the French Society of Sleep Research and Medicine(to LS)The China Scholarship Council(to HL)The CNRS,INSERM,Claude Bernard University Lyon1(to LS)。
文摘The sleep-wake cycle stands as an integrative process essential for sustaining optimal brain function and,either directly or indirectly,overall body health,encompassing metabolic and cardiovascular well-being.Given the heightened metabolic activity of the brain,there exists a considerable demand for nutrients in comparison to other organs.Among these,the branched-chain amino acids,comprising leucine,isoleucine,and valine,display distinctive significance,from their contribution to protein structure to their involvement in overall metabolism,especially in cerebral processes.Among the first amino acids that are released into circulation post-food intake,branched-chain amino acids assume a pivotal role in the regulation of protein synthesis,modulating insulin secretion and the amino acid sensing pathway of target of rapamycin.Branched-chain amino acids are key players in influencing the brain's uptake of monoamine precursors,competing for a shared transporter.Beyond their involvement in protein synthesis,these amino acids contribute to the metabolic cycles ofγ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate,as well as energy metabolism.Notably,they impact GABAergic neurons and the excitation/inhibition balance.The rhythmicity of branchedchain amino acids in plasma concentrations,observed over a 24-hour cycle and conserved in rodent models,is under circadian clock control.The mechanisms underlying those rhythms and the physiological consequences of their disruption are not fully understood.Disturbed sleep,obesity,diabetes,and cardiovascular diseases can elevate branched-chain amino acid concentrations or modify their oscillatory dynamics.The mechanisms driving these effects are currently the focal point of ongoing research efforts,since normalizing branched-chain amino acid levels has the ability to alleviate the severity of these pathologies.In this context,the Drosophila model,though underutilized,holds promise in shedding new light on these mechanisms.Initial findings indicate its potential to introduce novel concepts,particularly in elucidating the intricate connections between the circadian clock,sleep/wake,and metabolism.Consequently,the use and transport of branched-chain amino acids emerge as critical components and orchestrators in the web of interactions across multiple organs throughout the sleep/wake cycle.They could represent one of the so far elusive mechanisms connecting sleep patterns to metabolic and cardiovascular health,paving the way for potential therapeutic interventions.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFD1301200)China Agriculture Research Systems(CARS-40-K11)+2 种基金Beijing Agriculture Innovation Consortium(BAIC06-2024-G05)Strategic Priority Research Program of the National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs(NCTIP-XD/C08)The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project(ASTIP-IAS-12)。
文摘Background Caffeic acid(CA)and its derivative,chlorogenic acid(CGA),have shown promise in preventing and alleviating fatty liver disease.CA,compared to CGA,has much lower production costs and higher bioavailability,making it a potentially superior feed additive.However,the efficacy,mechanistic differences,and comparative impacts of CA and CGA on fatty liver disease in laying hens remain unclear.This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of CA and CGA on production performance,egg quality,and fatty liver disease in laying hens.Results A total of 1,44061-week-old Hyline Brown laying hens were randomly divided into 8 groups and fed diets supplemented with basal diet,25,50,100 and 200 mg/kg of CA,and 100,200 and 400 mg/kg of CGA(CON,CA25,CA50,CA100,CA200,CGA100,CGA200 and CGA400,respectively)for 12 weeks.Both CA and CGA improved production performance and egg quality,while reducing markers of hepatic damage and lipid accumulation.CA and CGA significantly decreased TG,TC,and LDL-C levels and increased T-SOD activity.Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that CA and CGA reduced hepatic lipid accumulation through downregulation of lipid biosynthesis-related genes(ACLY,ACACA,FASN,and SCD1)and enhanced lipid transport and oxidation genes(FABPs,CD36,CPT1A,ACOX1,and SCP2).Of note,low-dose CA25 exhibited equivalent efficacy to the higher dose CGA100 group in alleviating fatty liver conditions.Mechanistically,CA and CGA alleviated lipid accumulation via activation of the ADPN-AMPK-PPARαsignaling pathway.Conclusions This study demonstrates that dietary CA and CGA effectively improve laying performance,egg quality,and hepatic lipid metabolism in laying hens,with CA potentially being more economical and efficient.Transcriptomic and proteomic evidence highlight shared mechanisms between CA25 and CGA100.These findings provide a foundation for CA and CGA as therapeutic agents for fatty liver disease and related metabolic diseases in hens,and also offer insights into the targeted modification of CGA(including the isomer of CGA)into CA,thereby providing novel strategies for the efficient utilization of CGA.Highlights(1)Dietary CA and CGA improve fatty liver,laying performance and egg quality.(2)Lower dose of CA25 achieves the equivalent improvement as CGA100 or CGA200.(3)CA and CGA mediate the ADPN-AMPK-PPARαpathway to alleviate fatty liver.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province,China(Grant No.2007C238M)
文摘Four exogenous phenolic acids, including salicylic acid, fumalic acid, p-coumaric acid and p-hydroxybenzonic acid, were used to investigate the regulatory effects on allelopathy of a wild rice accession of S37 （Oryza Iongistaminata）, which is a known allelopathic rice. The four exogenous phenolic acids induced the enhancement of the allelopathic potential of wild rice S37 in target weeds though the weed-suppressive activities were low, and the inducible effects were dependent on the specific phenolic acid, concentration and treatment time. After foliar application of exogenous phenolic acids, the inhibition rates for plant height, root length and fresh weight of barnyard grass （Echinochioa crus-galli） were significantly higher than those of the control. Especially at the concentration of 100 mg/L, the inhibition rates for plant height and fresh weight of barnyard grass by fumalic acid were 38.12% and 26.31% higher than those of the control, showing that fumalic acid was more effective compared with other phenolic acids in inhibiting monocotyledon weed growth. Furthermore, the weedsuppressive activity of aqueous extract from the leaves of wild rice S37 treated with exogenous phenolic acids was increased, and it peaked at 48 h after the treatment with the aqueous extract, and then gradually declined.
文摘Background This study investigated the potential impacts of increasing linoleic andα-linolenic acid intake during lactation and wean-to-breeding on subsequent reproduction of sows.A total of 309 sows(PIC Camborough L42)were balanced by parity(140 and 169 sows representing parity 1 to 2[P1-2]and 3 to 9[P3+],respectively)and assigned within parity to a 2×2 factorial arrangement.Factors included essential fatty acid(EFA)supplementation(control diets containing 1.2%linoleic and 0.15%α-linolenic acid or diets with 3.0%linoleic and 0.38%α-linolenic acid)and supplementation period(lactation or wean-to-breeding).Tallow(low EFA diets)or soybean oil(high EFA diets)were included at 4%in sorghum-soybean meal-wheat middlings-based diets to attain targeted EFA levels.Results High levels of EFA fed during lactation had no effect on feed intake or litter performance,but increased subsequent farrowing rate(P=0.027;82.1%vs.70.4%),tended to reduce the proportion of sows removed(P=0.070;12.4%vs.20.8%),decreased the number of total pigs born in the following litter(P=0.072;15.3 vs.16.2),and increased total pigs born alive per 100 sows weaned(P=0.062;1,122 vs.974),regardless of sow parity.Young sows(P1-2)consuming the high EFA diet during lactation displayed a shorter wean-to-estrus interval(P=0.035;4.2 vs.4.6),but P3+sows were unaffected.Increasing EFA intake for P3+sows,but not P1-2 sows,resulted in more sows bred by d 5(P=0.028;91.1%vs.81.7%)and more mummies in the subsequent litter(P=0.040;0.32 vs.0.16).Feeding increased EFA to P1-2 sows during the wean-to-breeding period decreased subsequent farrowing rate(P=0.042;72.0%vs.87.7%),and increased removal rate(P=0.003;28.8%vs.9.4%).Total pigs born alive per 100 sows weaned was reduced(P=0.007)in P1-2 sows when supplemented with EFA during wean-breeding(939 vs.1,149)but was not impacted in P3+sows(1,131 vs.982).Conclusions Supplemental EFA in lactation diets benefited subsequent reproduction of sows,regardless of parity.Increasing dietary levels of EFA during the wean-to-breeding period to younger sows negatively impacted subsequent reproduction.
