Global population pressures have necessitated increased focus on protecting and developing resilient plant species that can maintain productivity despite environmental challenges.Environmental degradation,driven by cl...Global population pressures have necessitated increased focus on protecting and developing resilient plant species that can maintain productivity despite environmental challenges.Environmental degradation,driven by climate change and anthropogenic activities,poses significant threats to global food security through various forms of physical stress.Major environmental constraints affecting agricultural yields worldwide include salinity,water scarcity,nutritional imbalances(encompassing mineral toxicity and deficiencies),and extreme temperatures.Crop yield is influenced by multiple abiotic factors,including agronomic conditions,climatic variables,and soil nutrient availability.Plants develop various survival mechanisms at molecular,cellular,and physiological levels in response to stress.Abiotic stress,whether occurring individually or in combination,significantly impacts crop growth and productivity.For instance,drought stress reduces leaf area,plant height,and overall crop development.Cold stress inhibits plant development and crop efficiency,leading to diminished productivity.Salinity stress not only induces water stress in plants but also negatively affects cytosolic metabolism,cell development,membrane function,and increases reactive oxygen species(ROS)production.Elevated CO_(2)concentrations may enhance global precipitation patterns,potentially resulting in increased rainfall that can adversely affect crop development.Plants under excessive water stress exhibit reduced amylose content but increased crude protein levels.This affects both quality and quantity of crop production by inhibiting seed germination and causing growth impairment through combined effects of elevated osmotic potential and ion toxicity.Plants have evolved various escape-avoidance and tolerance mechanisms in response to abiotic stress,including physiological adaptations and integrated cellular or molecular responses.This review paper examines the impact of abiotic stress on morpho-physiological,biochemical,and molecular activities across various crops.Additionally,it analyzes crop interactions with abiotic stress regarding response and adaptation mechanisms,providing a fundamental framework for species selection and development of stress-tolerant varieties in the future.展开更多
Elevated CO_(2)(eCO_(2))may mitigate stress-induced damage to cotton(Gossypium spp.)growth and development.However,understanding the early-stage responses of cotton to multiple abiotic stressors at eCO_(2)levels has b...Elevated CO_(2)(eCO_(2))may mitigate stress-induced damage to cotton(Gossypium spp.)growth and development.However,understanding the early-stage responses of cotton to multiple abiotic stressors at eCO_(2)levels has been limited.This study quantified the impacts of chilling(CS,22/14℃,day/night temperature),heat(HS,38/30℃),drought(DS,50%irrigation of the control),and salt(SS,8 d S m-1)stresses on pigments,physiology,growth,and development of 14 upland cotton cultivars under ambient CO_(2)(aCO_(2),420 ppm;current)and eCO_(2)(700 ppm;future)levels during the vegetative stage.The eCO_(2)partially negated the effects of all stresses by improving one or more of the pigments,physiological,growth,and development traits,except CS.For instance,HS at aCO_(2)significantly increased stomatal conductance by 36%compared with non-stressed plants at aCO_(2).However,HS at eCO_(2)significantly decreased stomatal conductance by 18%compared with HS at aCO_(2).The first squaring was delayed by one day under SS at aCO_(2)but two days earlier under SS at eCO_(2)than non-stressed plants at aCO_(2).Root and shoot dry mass and the total leaf area were significantly higher under all stresses,except for CS,at the eCO_(2)compared with similar stresses at the aCO_(2).Most growth and development traits,including plant height,leaf area,and shoot dry mass,displayed a mirroring response pattern between aCO_(2)and eCO_(2)under all environments except CS.Cultivars exhibited significant interaction with stressed environments.Further,results revealed differential sensitivity and adaptation potential of cultivars to stress environments at varying CO_(2)levels.This study highlights the need to consider eCO_(2)in designing breeding programs to develop stress-tolerant varieties for future cotton-growing environments.展开更多
Crop yield and quality are affected by abiotic stresses such as drought,low and high temperature,salinity,and heavy metals,which threaten the survival of human beings and the development of industry.As a new plant hor...Crop yield and quality are affected by abiotic stresses such as drought,low and high temperature,salinity,and heavy metals,which threaten the survival of human beings and the development of industry.As a new plant hormone derived from carotenoid,strigolactone(SL)is produced in the roots of plants.It was first reported that SL can induce seed germination of root-parasitic plants.In recent years,it has been shown that strigolactone plays a regulatory role in plant response to abiotic stresses.By eliminating oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species,it can potentially increase photosynthetic rate,chlorophyll content,and thus enhance plant drought resistance.Transcriptome studies have explored signal transduction,antioxidant enzyme activity,transcription factors,and expression of stress-and metabolism-related genes induced by extrinsic strigolactone in plants,the effects of strigolactone on plant growth and development have been preliminarily determined,but the studies on inducing crop tolerance to abiotic stresses are still unknown.In this review,the physiological and molecular aspects of the induction of the response to stress in horticultural crops by strigolactone were reviewed.It is important to improve the tolerance and productivity of horticultural crops under abiotic stress.展开更多
Source-sink coordination serves as the foundation for improving crop yield.Current research primarily focuses on individual factors,such as increasing the source or expanding the sink,which often leads to disrupted so...Source-sink coordination serves as the foundation for improving crop yield.Current research primarily focuses on individual factors,such as increasing the source or expanding the sink,which often leads to disrupted source-sink balance,causing trade-offs among photosynthesis,yield,and stress response.To address these limitations,we present an integrated synthetic biological framework that synergistically enhances photosynthetic efficiency(source capacity),sink optimization,and abiotic stress tolerance.We developed an editing-overexpression coupling(EOC)vector system enabling simultaneous overexpression of four photosynthesis-enhancing genes(Cyt c6,PsbA,FBPase,OsMGT3),knockout of three yield-limiting genes(GS3,Gn1a,OsAAP5),and self-excision of selection markers,gene-editing modules,and fragment deletion cassettes.Field evaluations of CFMP-gga transgenic lines revealed significant physiological improvements,including 13%–17%increase in photosynthetic rates,improved chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,and increased stomatal conductance.These enhancements translated into remarkable agronomic gains,including 18.7%–22.3%higher grain yield,23.1%–26.1%increased biomass,and improved panicle architecture(increased grain size and grain number per panicle).The engineered lines maintained superior thermotolerance(under 42°C stress)and alkali tolerance(at pH 10)compared to wild-type controls.This study provides a strategy for enhancing crop yield by demonstrating that coordinated multi-gene regulation of source-sink dynamics,coupled with stress resilience engineering,achieves concurrent improvements.展开更多
Poly(butylene adipate-terephthalate)(PBAT),as one of the most common and promising biodegradable plastics,has been widely used in agriculture,packaging,and other industries due to its strong biodegradability propertie...Poly(butylene adipate-terephthalate)(PBAT),as one of the most common and promising biodegradable plastics,has been widely used in agriculture,packaging,and other industries due to its strong biodegradability properties.It is well known that PBAT suffers a series of natural weathering,mechanical wear,hydrolysis,photochemical transformation,and other abiotic degradation processes before being biodegraded.Therefore,it is particularly important to understand the role of abiotic degradation in the life cycle of PBAT.Since the abiotic degradation of PBAT has not been systematically summarized,this review aims to summarize the mechanisms and main factors of the three major abiotic degradation pathways(hydrolysis,photochemical transformation,and thermochemical degradation)of PBAT.It was found that all of them preferentially destroy the chemical bonds with higher energy(especially C-O and C=O)of PBAT,which eventually leads to the shortening of the polymer chain and then leads to reduction in molecular weight.The main factors affecting these abiotic degradations are closely related to the energy or PBAT structure.These findings provide important theoretical and practical guidance for identifying effective methods for PBAT waste management and proposing advanced schemes to regulate the degradation rate of PBAT.展开更多
A steady rise in the overall population is creating an overburden on crops due to their global demand.On the other hand,given the current climate change and population growth,agricultural practices established during ...A steady rise in the overall population is creating an overburden on crops due to their global demand.On the other hand,given the current climate change and population growth,agricultural practices established during the Green Revolution are no longer viable.Consequently,innovative practices are the prerequisite of the time struggle with the rising global food demand.The potential of nanotechnology to reduce the phytotoxic effects of these ecological restrictions has shown significant promise.Nanoparticles(NPs)typically enhance plant resilience to stressors by fortifying the physical barrier,optimizing photosynthesis,stimulating enzymatic activity for defense,elevating the concentration of stress-resistant compounds,and activating the expression of genes associated with defense mechanisms.In this review,we thoroughly cover the uptake and translocations of NPs crops and their potential valuable functions in enhancing plant growth and development at different growth stages.Additionally,we addressed how NPs improve plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stress.Generally,this review presents a thorough understanding of the significance of NPs in plants and their prospective value for plant antioxidant and crop development.展开更多
Tomato cultivation faces formidable challenges from both biotic and abiotic stressors,necessitating innovative and sustainable strategies to ensure crop resilience and yield stability.This comprehensive review delves ...Tomato cultivation faces formidable challenges from both biotic and abiotic stressors,necessitating innovative and sustainable strategies to ensure crop resilience and yield stability.This comprehensive review delves into the evolving landscape of employing microbial consortia as a dynamic tool for the integrated management of biotic and abiotic stresses in tomato plants.The microbial consortium,comprising an intricate network of bacteria,fungi,and other beneficial microorganisms,plays a pivotal role in promoting plant health and bolstering defense mechanisms.Against biotic stressors,the consortium exhibits multifaceted actions,including the suppression of pathogenic organisms through antagonistic interactions and the induction of systemic resistance in tomato plants.On the abiotic front,the microbial consortium enhances nutrient availability,optimizes water retention,and ameliorates soil structure,thus mitigating the adverse effects of factors such as drought,salinity,and nutrient imbalances.This review synthesizes current research findings,highlighting the diverse mechanisms through which microbial consortia positively influence the physiological and molecular responses of tomato plants to stress.Furthermore,it explores the adaptability of microbial consortia to various agroecosystems,offering a versatile and sustainable approach to stress management.As a promising avenue for eco-friendly agriculture,the utilization of microbial consortia in tomato cultivation emerges not only as a tool for stress mitigation but also as a transformative strategy to foster long-term sustainability,reduce reliance on synthetic inputs,and enhance overall crop productivity in the face of changing environmental conditions.展开更多
Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) is well known among consumers because of its attractive color, delicious taste, and nutritional benefits. It is widely grown worldwide, but its production has become a significant challe...Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) is well known among consumers because of its attractive color, delicious taste, and nutritional benefits. It is widely grown worldwide, but its production has become a significant challenge due to changing climatic conditions that lead to abiotic stresses in plants, which results in poor root development, nutrient deficiency, and poor plant health. In this context, the major abiotic stresses are temperature fluctuations, water shortages, and high levels of soil salinity. The accumulation of salts in excessive amounts disrupts the osmotic balance and impairs physiological processes. However, drought reduces fruit size, yield, and quality. Similarly, heat and cold stresses directly affect the rate of photosynthesis. Plants respond to these changes by producing growth-promoting hormones to ensure their survival. In the context of these abiotic stresses, beneficial microbes support plant growth. Among these fungi, the most extensively studied are plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). When applied as bioinoculants, they are associated with roots and subsequently improve soil health, fruit quality, and overall crop yield. This review highlights the impacts of abiotic stresses on strawberry roots, growth, and hormonal pathways. Moreover, it focuses on the role of beneficial soil microbes in the mitigation of these responses.展开更多
Plants are under constant exposure to varied biotic and abiotic stresses,which significantly affect their growth,productivity,and survival.Biotic stress,caused by pathogens,and abiotic stress,including drought,salinit...Plants are under constant exposure to varied biotic and abiotic stresses,which significantly affect their growth,productivity,and survival.Biotic stress,caused by pathogens,and abiotic stress,including drought,salinity,extreme temperatures,and heavy metals,activate overlapping yet distinct immune pathways.These are comprised of morphological barriers,hormonal signaling,and the induction of stress-responsive genes through complex pathways mediated by reactive oxygen species(ROS),phytohormones,and secondary metabolites.Abiotic stress triggers organelle-mediated retrograde signaling from organelles like chloroplasts and mitochondria,which causes unfolded protein responses and the regulation of cellular homeostasis.Simultaneously,biotic stress activates both PAMP-triggered immunity(PTI)and effector-triggered immunity(ETI),mediated by salicylic acid(SA),jasmonic acid(JA),and ethylene(ET).This review aims to provide an integrated overview of plant immune responses tomultiple stressors,with emphasis on molecular crosstalk and recent technological interventions.A systematic literature search was conducted using the Scopus database,covering studies published between 2010 and 2025.Advances in CRISPR-Cas genome editing,RNA interference,omics technologies,nanotechnology,and artificial intelligence have improved our knowledge of plant stress physiology and facilitated the design of resilient crop varieties.Despite these advances,the integration of immune signals under simultaneous biotic and abiotic stress remains poorly understood,particularly at tissue-specific and cellular levels.Additionally,practical challenges persist in delivery methods,regulatory hurdles,and long-term field validation.With the escalation of climate change,understanding the complex crosstalk between stress signalling pathways is essential formaintaining sustainable agriculture and global food security.Future directions point toward real-time monitoring tools,such as single-cell omics and spatial transcriptomics,to fine-tune immune responses and support precision crop improvement.展开更多
Abiotic stresses such as drought,heat,salinity,and heavy metal contamination severely affect global agricultural productivity.Between 2005 and 2015,droughts caused losses of approximately USD 29 billion in developing ...Abiotic stresses such as drought,heat,salinity,and heavy metal contamination severely affect global agricultural productivity.Between 2005 and 2015,droughts caused losses of approximately USD 29 billion in developing countries,and from 2008 to 2018,droughts accounted for over 34%of crop and livestock yield losses,totaling about USD 37 billion.To support the growing human population,agricultural output must increase substantially,necessitating a 60%–100%rise in crop productivity to meet the escalating demand.To address environmental challenges,organic,inorganic,and microbial biostimulants are increasingly employed to enhance plant resilience through various morphological,physiological,and biochemical modifications.Plant biostimulants enhance plant resilience under abiotic stress through mechanisms such as abscisic acid signaling modulation,which regulates stomatal closure to reduce water loss during drought and heat stress.Additionally,they aid in scavenging reactive oxygen species and stabilizing ion channels,mitigating oxidative damage,and maintaining ionic balance under stress conditions such as salinity.This review summarizes recent advancements in applying these biostimulants,focusing on their roles in triggering morphological,physiological,biochemical,and molecular changes that collectively enhance plant resilience under stress conditions.It also includes a bibliometric analysis of all articles published on biostimulants from 2019 to 2024 and explores future research directions.Emphasis was placed on optimizing biostimulant formulations and understanding their synergistic effects to maximize their efficacy under various stress conditions.By integrating biostimulants into agricultural practices,we can adopt a sustainable strategy to safeguard crop productivity in the face of climate change and environmental stressors.展开更多
Phosphorus(P)is an essential macronutrient required for plant growth,development,and resilience to environmental stresses.Its availability in soil and homeostasis within plants are strongly influenced by environmental...Phosphorus(P)is an essential macronutrient required for plant growth,development,and resilience to environmental stresses.Its availability in soil and homeostasis within plants are strongly influenced by environmental conditions,with unfavorable environments and soil factors disrupting phosphate availability,absorption,transport,and utilization.Optimizing phosphate supply can alleviate the detrimental impacts of abiotic stresses,thereby supporting growth and improving stress tolerance.Recent studies reveal that abiotic stresses modulate phosphate signaling pathways and alter the expression of phosphate-responsive genes,often affecting key regulators of P homeostasis.Strategic manipulation of phosphate transporters and their regulatory pathways offers a promising approach to enhance plant adaptation to challenging environments.This review highlights current advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms that coordinate P-responsive gene expression and homeostasis pathways under fluctuating P availability and stress conditions.It emphasizes the critical role of P nutrition in enhancing plant stress tolerance through antioxidant activation,osmolyte accumulation,membrane stabilization,and metal-phosphate complex formation.An in-depth mechanistic understanding of P-stress interactions will inform the development of P-efficient and stress-resistant crop varieties and guide more sustainable P fertilizer management in agriculture.展开更多
Dopamine β-monooxygenase N-terminal(DOMON)domain-containing genes are present across all taxa and are critical in cell signaling and redox transport.Despite their significance,these genes remain understudied in plant...Dopamine β-monooxygenase N-terminal(DOMON)domain-containing genes are present across all taxa and are critical in cell signaling and redox transport.Despite their significance,these genes remain understudied in plant species.In this study,we identified 15 DOMON genes in rice and analyzed their phylogenetic relationships,conserved motifs,and cis-regulatory elements.Phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct clustering of OsDOMON genes in rice and other monocots,compared with Arabidopsis thaliana.Promoter analysis showed a higher abundance of stress-related regulatory elements in Tetep,a well-known blast and abiotic stress-tolerant cultivar,compared with Nipponbare and HP2216.OsDOMON genes displayed differential expression under biotic stress(Magnaporthe oryzae infection)and abiotic stresses(drought,heat,and salinity)in contrasting cultivars.Tetep exhibited significantly higher expression levels of specific OsDOMON genes during early blast infection stages,particularly OsDOMON6.1 and OsDOMON9.2,suggesting their roles in cell wall fortification and reactive oxygen species signaling.Under abiotic stress,genes like OsDOMON3.3,OsDOMON8.1,and OsDOMON9.2 showed higher expression in Tetep,indicating their involvement in stress tolerance mechanisms.This study provides a foundation for future functional studies of OsDOMON genes,paving the way for developing rice cultivars resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses.展开更多
Plants are continuously exposed to abiotic and biotic stresses that threaten their growth,reproduction,and survival.Adaptation to these stresses requires complex regulatory networks that coordinate physiological,molec...Plants are continuously exposed to abiotic and biotic stresses that threaten their growth,reproduction,and survival.Adaptation to these stresses requires complex regulatory networks that coordinate physiological,molecular,and ecological responses.However,such adaptation often incurs significant costs,including reduced growth,yield penalties,and altered ecological interactions.This review systematically synthesizes recent advances published between 2018 and 2025,following PRISMA criteria,on plant responses to abiotic and biotic stressors,with an emphasis on the trade-offs between adaptation and productivity.It also highlights major discrepancies in the literature and discusses strategies for enhancing plant stress tolerance in agriculture.By integrating findings from genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,and metabolomics,the review categorizes both mechanistic insights and ecological consequences.The findings underscore the need for multi-stress,systems-level,field-based research that connects molecular processes to ecological and agricultural outcomes.Accordingly,critical gaps are identified—particularly the scarcity of multi-stress and field-based studies—and future directions that integrate omics approaches,systems biology,and eco-physiological frameworks are proposed.Understanding the costs of adaptation is essential not only for breeding resilient,high-yielding crops but also for ensuring their successful incorporation into sustainable agricultural practices under changing climate conditions.展开更多
Mildew resistance locus O(MLO)proteins are extensively found in various plant species and are essential for multiple biological functions.The characterization and analysis of MLO genes have been conducted across numer...Mildew resistance locus O(MLO)proteins are extensively found in various plant species and are essential for multiple biological functions.The characterization and analysis of MLO genes have been conducted across numerous species.However,the functions and features of MLO genes inside sugar beet remain poorly understood.In the present research,we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the structural features of MLO genes,physicochemical characteristics of proteins,evolutionary connections,and expression profiles in sugar beet.A total of 13 BvMLO genes containing MLO structural domains were detected and renamed based on their locations on chromosomes within the sugar beet genome.According to the classification of AtMLO genes,the evolutionary analysis revealed that these 13 BvMLO genes were classified into three subgroups and unevenly located across four chromosomes.Synteny and collinearity analysis confirmed that gene clusters occurred during the evolution of the BvMLO gene family.Examination of cis-regulatory elements revealed specific stress-induced and hormone-associated components within the regulatory regions of BvMLOs.We also found that the expression levels of BvMLO2 and BvMLO7 cloned from sugar beet plants inoculated by Erysiphe betae(Vanha)were significantly regulated by Cercospora beticola Sacc(C.beticola),which indicated that they might both participate in some disease resistance processes.Moreover,quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)results confirmed that BvMLO2 and BvMLO7 were involved in plant resistance to various biotic and abiotic stress factors.Overall,this research provides a fundamental basis for upcoming studies on the functions and control mechanisms of BvMLO genes within sugar beet.These research findings help advance the progress of disease-resistant breeding in sugar beet and enhance the effectiveness of its resistance breeding.展开更多
Horticultural crops suffer massive production losses due to abiotic stress,which is a key limiting factor worldwide.The ability of these crops to withstand such stress has been linked to melatonin,a biomolecule with s...Horticultural crops suffer massive production losses due to abiotic stress,which is a key limiting factor worldwide.The ability of these crops to withstand such stress has been linked to melatonin,a biomolecule with significant roles in both physiological and molecular defense responses.Melatonin is pivotal in enhancing the resilience of horticultural crops to abiotic stress,making it a critical component in their survival strategies.The application of exogenous melatonin improves abiotic stress tolerance by preserving membrane integrity,maintaining redox equilibrium,scavenging reactive oxygen species effectively,activating antioxidant defense mechanisms,and elevating gene expression related to stress responses.Furthermore,the integrated management of melatonin with other phytohormones demonstrates its potential relevance in addressing various stresses across a wide range of horticultural crops.Therefore,it is crucial to elucidate the physiological and molecular processes involving melatonin in abiotic stress in these crops.Here,we discuss current studies on the use of melatonin in horticultural crops in response to abiotic stresses,and explores future research directions and potential applications to enhance the productivity and abiotic stress tolerance of horticultural crops.展开更多
Nitrogen(N)assimilation is crucial for the growth and development of C_(3)plants,as it converts inorganic N into organic forms,important for protein synthesis,nucleic acids and other vital biomolecules.However,abiotic...Nitrogen(N)assimilation is crucial for the growth and development of C_(3)plants,as it converts inorganic N into organic forms,important for protein synthesis,nucleic acids and other vital biomolecules.However,abiotic stressors such as drought,salinity,extreme temperatures and others significantly impact N uptake and utilization,thereby hindering plant growth and development.Recent advances in molecular biology have illuminated the complex networks that govern N assimilation under these stressful conditions,emphasizing the role of transcription factors,regulatory genes,and stress-responsive pathways.This review provides an integrated perspective on the latest research in nitrogen metabolism under abiotic stress,focusing on the intricate regulatory mechanisms involving gene expression,signaling pathways,and enzymes that modulate N uptake and assimilation.Specifically,it highlights the recent findings on how hormones,reactive oxygen species production,N metabolism and calcium signaling are regulated under stress conditions.In addition,recent advancements in genomics and transcriptomics have further clarified the dynamic regulation of genes linked to N absorption and other metabolic processes.Understanding these mechanisms is important for developing strategies to enhance the N use efficiency and stress tolerance in C3 crops,thereby promoting sustainable agriculture and food security.Future research should focus on exploring the genetic and molecular bases of N metabolism in relation to abiotic stress,with the ultimate goal of enhancing crop performance in challenging environments.展开更多
The geologic production of abiotic organic compounds has been the subject of increasing scientific attention due to their use in the global carbon flux balance,by chemosynthetic biological communities,and for energy r...The geologic production of abiotic organic compounds has been the subject of increasing scientific attention due to their use in the global carbon flux balance,by chemosynthetic biological communities,and for energy resources.Extensive analysis of methane(CH_(4))and other organics in diverse geologic settings,combined with thermodynamic modelings and laboratory simulations,have yielded insights into the distribution of specific abiotic organic molecules on Earth and the favorable conditions and pathways under which they form.This updated and comprehensive review summarizes published results of petrological,thermodynamic,and experimental investigations of possible pathways for the formation of particular species of abiotic simple hydrocarbon molecules such as CH_(4),and of complex hydrocarbon systems,e.g.,long-chain hydrocarbons and even solid carbonaceous matters,in various geologic processes,distinguished into three classes:(1)pre-to early planetary processes;(2)mantle and magmatic processes;and(3)the gas/water-rock reaction processes in low-pressure ultramafic rock and high-pressure subduction zone systems.We not only emphasize how organics are abiotically synthesized but also explore the role or changes of organics in evolutionary geological environments after synthesis,such as phase transitions or organic-mineral interactions.Correspondingly,there is an urgent need to explore the diversity of abiotic organic compounds prevailing on Earth.展开更多
[Objective] This study was to reveal the heat induced expression model of RcLEA gene and its tolerance to various abiotic stresses.[Method] Heat resistant and heat sensitive varieties of Rosa hybrida L.were subjected ...[Objective] This study was to reveal the heat induced expression model of RcLEA gene and its tolerance to various abiotic stresses.[Method] Heat resistant and heat sensitive varieties of Rosa hybrida L.were subjected to heat shock treatment at 38 ℃ for 3 h;then RcLEA gene from both varieties treated was cloned and transformed into Escherichia coli strain BL21;finally recombinant colonies were separately cultured at 4 ℃ and 50 ℃ under the stresses of LiCl,NaCl,Na2CO3,CdCl2 and H2O2 to study the responses of recombinant E.coli strains to high temperature,low temperature and some other abiotic stresses.[Result] After heat shock treatment at 38 ℃ for 3 h,RcLEA gene expressed highly in ＇Schloss mannieim＇（SM）and ＇Las vegas＇（LV）variety,but weakly or even not expressed in ＇Kordes＇ Perfecta＇（KP）,indicating that this gene is closely related with heat resistance of R.hybrida.Compared with WT strains,recombinant clones showed higher tolerance to abiotic stresses including high temperature,low temperature,heavy metal,high salt,high pH value and oxidation,suggesting that RcLEA is concerned with the response of R.hybrida to abiotic stresses mentioned above.[Conclusion] These results provide thoughts for increasing heat resistance by introducing RcLEA into heat sensitive R.hybrida varieties and studying the heat-resistant mechanism of R.hybrida,and also provide theoretical support for selecting heat resistant variety of landscape and ornamental plants like R.hybrida.展开更多
NAC family genes encode plant-specific transcription factors involved in diverse biological processes. In this study, the Arabidopsis NAC gene ATAF1 was found to be induced by drought, high-salinity, abscisic acid （...NAC family genes encode plant-specific transcription factors involved in diverse biological processes. In this study, the Arabidopsis NAC gene ATAF1 was found to be induced by drought, high-salinity, abscisic acid （ABA）, methyl jasmonate, mechanical wounding, and Botrytis cinerea infection. Significant induction of ATAF1 was found in an ABA-deficient mutant aba2 subjected to drought or high salinity, revealing an ABA-independent mechanism of expression. Arabidopsis ATAFl-overexpression lines displayed many altered phenotypes, including dwarfism and short primary roots. Furthermore, in vivo experiments indicate that ATAF1 is a bonafide regulator modulating plant responses to many abiotic stresses and necrotrophic-pathogen infection. Overexpression of ATAF1 in Arabidopsis increased plant sensitivity to ABA, salt, and oxidative stresses. Especially, ATAF1 overexpression plants, but not mutant lines, showed remarkably enhanced plant tolerance to drought. Additionally, ATAF1 overexpression enhanced plant susceptibility to the necrotrophic pathogen B. cinerea, but did not alter disease symptoms caused by avirulent or virulent strains of P. syringae pv tomato DC3000. Transgenic plants overexpressing ATAF1 were hypersensitive to oxidative stress, suggesting that reactive oxygen intermediates may be related to ATAFl-mediated signaling in response to both pathogen and abiotic stresses.展开更多
Abiotic stresses including drought,salinity,heat,cold,flooding,and ultraviolet radiation causes crop losses worldwide.In recent times,preventing these crop losses and producing more food and feed to meet the demands o...Abiotic stresses including drought,salinity,heat,cold,flooding,and ultraviolet radiation causes crop losses worldwide.In recent times,preventing these crop losses and producing more food and feed to meet the demands of ever-increasing human populations have gained unprecedented importance.However,the proportion of agricultural lands facing multiple abiotic stresses is expected only to rise under a changing global climate fueled by anthropogenic activities.Identifying the mechanisms developed and deployed by plants to counteract abiotic stresses and maintain their growth and survival under harsh conditions thus holds great significance.Recent investigations have shown that phytohormones,including the classical auxins,cytokinins,ethylene,and gibberellins,and newer members including brassinosteroids,jasmonates,and strigolactones may prove to be important metabolic engineering targets for producing abiotic stress-tolerant crop plants.In this review,we summarize and critically assess the roles that phytohormones play in plant growth and development and abiotic stress tolerance,besides their engineering for conferring abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic crops.We also describe recent successes in identifying the roles of phytohormones under stressful conditions.We conclude by describing the recent progress and future prospects including limitations and challenges of phytohormone engineering for inducing abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFE0113400)the Jiangsu Provincial Fund for Realizing Carbon Emission Peaking and Neutralization,China(BE2022305)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Fundation of China(32102411)the Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M722698)。
文摘Global population pressures have necessitated increased focus on protecting and developing resilient plant species that can maintain productivity despite environmental challenges.Environmental degradation,driven by climate change and anthropogenic activities,poses significant threats to global food security through various forms of physical stress.Major environmental constraints affecting agricultural yields worldwide include salinity,water scarcity,nutritional imbalances(encompassing mineral toxicity and deficiencies),and extreme temperatures.Crop yield is influenced by multiple abiotic factors,including agronomic conditions,climatic variables,and soil nutrient availability.Plants develop various survival mechanisms at molecular,cellular,and physiological levels in response to stress.Abiotic stress,whether occurring individually or in combination,significantly impacts crop growth and productivity.For instance,drought stress reduces leaf area,plant height,and overall crop development.Cold stress inhibits plant development and crop efficiency,leading to diminished productivity.Salinity stress not only induces water stress in plants but also negatively affects cytosolic metabolism,cell development,membrane function,and increases reactive oxygen species(ROS)production.Elevated CO_(2)concentrations may enhance global precipitation patterns,potentially resulting in increased rainfall that can adversely affect crop development.Plants under excessive water stress exhibit reduced amylose content but increased crude protein levels.This affects both quality and quantity of crop production by inhibiting seed germination and causing growth impairment through combined effects of elevated osmotic potential and ion toxicity.Plants have evolved various escape-avoidance and tolerance mechanisms in response to abiotic stress,including physiological adaptations and integrated cellular or molecular responses.This review paper examines the impact of abiotic stress on morpho-physiological,biochemical,and molecular activities across various crops.Additionally,it analyzes crop interactions with abiotic stress regarding response and adaptation mechanisms,providing a fundamental framework for species selection and development of stress-tolerant varieties in the future.
基金supported by the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station,Special Research Initiative(MAFES-SRI),USA,the USDA-Agricultural Research Service(USDA-ARS)(58-6064-3-007)the National Institute of Food and Agriculture,USA(MIS-430030)。
文摘Elevated CO_(2)(eCO_(2))may mitigate stress-induced damage to cotton(Gossypium spp.)growth and development.However,understanding the early-stage responses of cotton to multiple abiotic stressors at eCO_(2)levels has been limited.This study quantified the impacts of chilling(CS,22/14℃,day/night temperature),heat(HS,38/30℃),drought(DS,50%irrigation of the control),and salt(SS,8 d S m-1)stresses on pigments,physiology,growth,and development of 14 upland cotton cultivars under ambient CO_(2)(aCO_(2),420 ppm;current)and eCO_(2)(700 ppm;future)levels during the vegetative stage.The eCO_(2)partially negated the effects of all stresses by improving one or more of the pigments,physiological,growth,and development traits,except CS.For instance,HS at aCO_(2)significantly increased stomatal conductance by 36%compared with non-stressed plants at aCO_(2).However,HS at eCO_(2)significantly decreased stomatal conductance by 18%compared with HS at aCO_(2).The first squaring was delayed by one day under SS at aCO_(2)but two days earlier under SS at eCO_(2)than non-stressed plants at aCO_(2).Root and shoot dry mass and the total leaf area were significantly higher under all stresses,except for CS,at the eCO_(2)compared with similar stresses at the aCO_(2).Most growth and development traits,including plant height,leaf area,and shoot dry mass,displayed a mirroring response pattern between aCO_(2)and eCO_(2)under all environments except CS.Cultivars exhibited significant interaction with stressed environments.Further,results revealed differential sensitivity and adaptation potential of cultivars to stress environments at varying CO_(2)levels.This study highlights the need to consider eCO_(2)in designing breeding programs to develop stress-tolerant varieties for future cotton-growing environments.
基金supported by the Special projects on biological seed industry and intensive processing of agricultural products(Grant No.202402AE090004-02)National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFD2001404)+1 种基金Technology talent and platform program(Grant No.202305AF150112)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(Grant No.CARS-29-zp-6).
文摘Crop yield and quality are affected by abiotic stresses such as drought,low and high temperature,salinity,and heavy metals,which threaten the survival of human beings and the development of industry.As a new plant hormone derived from carotenoid,strigolactone(SL)is produced in the roots of plants.It was first reported that SL can induce seed germination of root-parasitic plants.In recent years,it has been shown that strigolactone plays a regulatory role in plant response to abiotic stresses.By eliminating oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species,it can potentially increase photosynthetic rate,chlorophyll content,and thus enhance plant drought resistance.Transcriptome studies have explored signal transduction,antioxidant enzyme activity,transcription factors,and expression of stress-and metabolism-related genes induced by extrinsic strigolactone in plants,the effects of strigolactone on plant growth and development have been preliminarily determined,but the studies on inducing crop tolerance to abiotic stresses are still unknown.In this review,the physiological and molecular aspects of the induction of the response to stress in horticultural crops by strigolactone were reviewed.It is important to improve the tolerance and productivity of horticultural crops under abiotic stress.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0907600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31100869)+1 种基金Central Public-interest Scientific Institutions Basal Research Fund for Zhang Zhiguo(Y2025YY06)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Nonprofit Scientific Institutions for Lu Tiegang,and Cui Xuean.
文摘Source-sink coordination serves as the foundation for improving crop yield.Current research primarily focuses on individual factors,such as increasing the source or expanding the sink,which often leads to disrupted source-sink balance,causing trade-offs among photosynthesis,yield,and stress response.To address these limitations,we present an integrated synthetic biological framework that synergistically enhances photosynthetic efficiency(source capacity),sink optimization,and abiotic stress tolerance.We developed an editing-overexpression coupling(EOC)vector system enabling simultaneous overexpression of four photosynthesis-enhancing genes(Cyt c6,PsbA,FBPase,OsMGT3),knockout of three yield-limiting genes(GS3,Gn1a,OsAAP5),and self-excision of selection markers,gene-editing modules,and fragment deletion cassettes.Field evaluations of CFMP-gga transgenic lines revealed significant physiological improvements,including 13%–17%increase in photosynthetic rates,improved chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,and increased stomatal conductance.These enhancements translated into remarkable agronomic gains,including 18.7%–22.3%higher grain yield,23.1%–26.1%increased biomass,and improved panicle architecture(increased grain size and grain number per panicle).The engineered lines maintained superior thermotolerance(under 42°C stress)and alkali tolerance(at pH 10)compared to wild-type controls.This study provides a strategy for enhancing crop yield by demonstrating that coordinated multi-gene regulation of source-sink dynamics,coupled with stress resilience engineering,achieves concurrent improvements.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC3901800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22176041)Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning Project(No.2023A04J0918)。
文摘Poly(butylene adipate-terephthalate)(PBAT),as one of the most common and promising biodegradable plastics,has been widely used in agriculture,packaging,and other industries due to its strong biodegradability properties.It is well known that PBAT suffers a series of natural weathering,mechanical wear,hydrolysis,photochemical transformation,and other abiotic degradation processes before being biodegraded.Therefore,it is particularly important to understand the role of abiotic degradation in the life cycle of PBAT.Since the abiotic degradation of PBAT has not been systematically summarized,this review aims to summarize the mechanisms and main factors of the three major abiotic degradation pathways(hydrolysis,photochemical transformation,and thermochemical degradation)of PBAT.It was found that all of them preferentially destroy the chemical bonds with higher energy(especially C-O and C=O)of PBAT,which eventually leads to the shortening of the polymer chain and then leads to reduction in molecular weight.The main factors affecting these abiotic degradations are closely related to the energy or PBAT structure.These findings provide important theoretical and practical guidance for identifying effective methods for PBAT waste management and proposing advanced schemes to regulate the degradation rate of PBAT.
基金The authors extend their gratitude to the Deanship of Scientific Research(DSR),King Faisal University,Saudi Arabia,for funding the publication of this work(Project number:KFU250560).
文摘A steady rise in the overall population is creating an overburden on crops due to their global demand.On the other hand,given the current climate change and population growth,agricultural practices established during the Green Revolution are no longer viable.Consequently,innovative practices are the prerequisite of the time struggle with the rising global food demand.The potential of nanotechnology to reduce the phytotoxic effects of these ecological restrictions has shown significant promise.Nanoparticles(NPs)typically enhance plant resilience to stressors by fortifying the physical barrier,optimizing photosynthesis,stimulating enzymatic activity for defense,elevating the concentration of stress-resistant compounds,and activating the expression of genes associated with defense mechanisms.In this review,we thoroughly cover the uptake and translocations of NPs crops and their potential valuable functions in enhancing plant growth and development at different growth stages.Additionally,we addressed how NPs improve plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stress.Generally,this review presents a thorough understanding of the significance of NPs in plants and their prospective value for plant antioxidant and crop development.
基金funded by the Phytopathology Unit of the Department of Plant Pathology—Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture(Meknès)Financial support has been provided to SIRAM by PRIMA and MESRSI(Morocco),a program supported by H2020,the European Program for Research and Innovation.
文摘Tomato cultivation faces formidable challenges from both biotic and abiotic stressors,necessitating innovative and sustainable strategies to ensure crop resilience and yield stability.This comprehensive review delves into the evolving landscape of employing microbial consortia as a dynamic tool for the integrated management of biotic and abiotic stresses in tomato plants.The microbial consortium,comprising an intricate network of bacteria,fungi,and other beneficial microorganisms,plays a pivotal role in promoting plant health and bolstering defense mechanisms.Against biotic stressors,the consortium exhibits multifaceted actions,including the suppression of pathogenic organisms through antagonistic interactions and the induction of systemic resistance in tomato plants.On the abiotic front,the microbial consortium enhances nutrient availability,optimizes water retention,and ameliorates soil structure,thus mitigating the adverse effects of factors such as drought,salinity,and nutrient imbalances.This review synthesizes current research findings,highlighting the diverse mechanisms through which microbial consortia positively influence the physiological and molecular responses of tomato plants to stress.Furthermore,it explores the adaptability of microbial consortia to various agroecosystems,offering a versatile and sustainable approach to stress management.As a promising avenue for eco-friendly agriculture,the utilization of microbial consortia in tomato cultivation emerges not only as a tool for stress mitigation but also as a transformative strategy to foster long-term sustainability,reduce reliance on synthetic inputs,and enhance overall crop productivity in the face of changing environmental conditions.
文摘Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) is well known among consumers because of its attractive color, delicious taste, and nutritional benefits. It is widely grown worldwide, but its production has become a significant challenge due to changing climatic conditions that lead to abiotic stresses in plants, which results in poor root development, nutrient deficiency, and poor plant health. In this context, the major abiotic stresses are temperature fluctuations, water shortages, and high levels of soil salinity. The accumulation of salts in excessive amounts disrupts the osmotic balance and impairs physiological processes. However, drought reduces fruit size, yield, and quality. Similarly, heat and cold stresses directly affect the rate of photosynthesis. Plants respond to these changes by producing growth-promoting hormones to ensure their survival. In the context of these abiotic stresses, beneficial microbes support plant growth. Among these fungi, the most extensively studied are plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). When applied as bioinoculants, they are associated with roots and subsequently improve soil health, fruit quality, and overall crop yield. This review highlights the impacts of abiotic stresses on strawberry roots, growth, and hormonal pathways. Moreover, it focuses on the role of beneficial soil microbes in the mitigation of these responses.
文摘Plants are under constant exposure to varied biotic and abiotic stresses,which significantly affect their growth,productivity,and survival.Biotic stress,caused by pathogens,and abiotic stress,including drought,salinity,extreme temperatures,and heavy metals,activate overlapping yet distinct immune pathways.These are comprised of morphological barriers,hormonal signaling,and the induction of stress-responsive genes through complex pathways mediated by reactive oxygen species(ROS),phytohormones,and secondary metabolites.Abiotic stress triggers organelle-mediated retrograde signaling from organelles like chloroplasts and mitochondria,which causes unfolded protein responses and the regulation of cellular homeostasis.Simultaneously,biotic stress activates both PAMP-triggered immunity(PTI)and effector-triggered immunity(ETI),mediated by salicylic acid(SA),jasmonic acid(JA),and ethylene(ET).This review aims to provide an integrated overview of plant immune responses tomultiple stressors,with emphasis on molecular crosstalk and recent technological interventions.A systematic literature search was conducted using the Scopus database,covering studies published between 2010 and 2025.Advances in CRISPR-Cas genome editing,RNA interference,omics technologies,nanotechnology,and artificial intelligence have improved our knowledge of plant stress physiology and facilitated the design of resilient crop varieties.Despite these advances,the integration of immune signals under simultaneous biotic and abiotic stress remains poorly understood,particularly at tissue-specific and cellular levels.Additionally,practical challenges persist in delivery methods,regulatory hurdles,and long-term field validation.With the escalation of climate change,understanding the complex crosstalk between stress signalling pathways is essential formaintaining sustainable agriculture and global food security.Future directions point toward real-time monitoring tools,such as single-cell omics and spatial transcriptomics,to fine-tune immune responses and support precision crop improvement.
文摘Abiotic stresses such as drought,heat,salinity,and heavy metal contamination severely affect global agricultural productivity.Between 2005 and 2015,droughts caused losses of approximately USD 29 billion in developing countries,and from 2008 to 2018,droughts accounted for over 34%of crop and livestock yield losses,totaling about USD 37 billion.To support the growing human population,agricultural output must increase substantially,necessitating a 60%–100%rise in crop productivity to meet the escalating demand.To address environmental challenges,organic,inorganic,and microbial biostimulants are increasingly employed to enhance plant resilience through various morphological,physiological,and biochemical modifications.Plant biostimulants enhance plant resilience under abiotic stress through mechanisms such as abscisic acid signaling modulation,which regulates stomatal closure to reduce water loss during drought and heat stress.Additionally,they aid in scavenging reactive oxygen species and stabilizing ion channels,mitigating oxidative damage,and maintaining ionic balance under stress conditions such as salinity.This review summarizes recent advancements in applying these biostimulants,focusing on their roles in triggering morphological,physiological,biochemical,and molecular changes that collectively enhance plant resilience under stress conditions.It also includes a bibliometric analysis of all articles published on biostimulants from 2019 to 2024 and explores future research directions.Emphasis was placed on optimizing biostimulant formulations and understanding their synergistic effects to maximize their efficacy under various stress conditions.By integrating biostimulants into agricultural practices,we can adopt a sustainable strategy to safeguard crop productivity in the face of climate change and environmental stressors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372802).
文摘Phosphorus(P)is an essential macronutrient required for plant growth,development,and resilience to environmental stresses.Its availability in soil and homeostasis within plants are strongly influenced by environmental conditions,with unfavorable environments and soil factors disrupting phosphate availability,absorption,transport,and utilization.Optimizing phosphate supply can alleviate the detrimental impacts of abiotic stresses,thereby supporting growth and improving stress tolerance.Recent studies reveal that abiotic stresses modulate phosphate signaling pathways and alter the expression of phosphate-responsive genes,often affecting key regulators of P homeostasis.Strategic manipulation of phosphate transporters and their regulatory pathways offers a promising approach to enhance plant adaptation to challenging environments.This review highlights current advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms that coordinate P-responsive gene expression and homeostasis pathways under fluctuating P availability and stress conditions.It emphasizes the critical role of P nutrition in enhancing plant stress tolerance through antioxidant activation,osmolyte accumulation,membrane stabilization,and metal-phosphate complex formation.An in-depth mechanistic understanding of P-stress interactions will inform the development of P-efficient and stress-resistant crop varieties and guide more sustainable P fertilizer management in agriculture.
基金supported by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR)-Senior Research Fellowship from ICAR,India(Grant No.EDN/1/25/2015-Exam cell)ICAR-Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics and National Institute for Plant Biotechnology,India(Grant No.1006456).
文摘Dopamine β-monooxygenase N-terminal(DOMON)domain-containing genes are present across all taxa and are critical in cell signaling and redox transport.Despite their significance,these genes remain understudied in plant species.In this study,we identified 15 DOMON genes in rice and analyzed their phylogenetic relationships,conserved motifs,and cis-regulatory elements.Phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct clustering of OsDOMON genes in rice and other monocots,compared with Arabidopsis thaliana.Promoter analysis showed a higher abundance of stress-related regulatory elements in Tetep,a well-known blast and abiotic stress-tolerant cultivar,compared with Nipponbare and HP2216.OsDOMON genes displayed differential expression under biotic stress(Magnaporthe oryzae infection)and abiotic stresses(drought,heat,and salinity)in contrasting cultivars.Tetep exhibited significantly higher expression levels of specific OsDOMON genes during early blast infection stages,particularly OsDOMON6.1 and OsDOMON9.2,suggesting their roles in cell wall fortification and reactive oxygen species signaling.Under abiotic stress,genes like OsDOMON3.3,OsDOMON8.1,and OsDOMON9.2 showed higher expression in Tetep,indicating their involvement in stress tolerance mechanisms.This study provides a foundation for future functional studies of OsDOMON genes,paving the way for developing rice cultivars resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses.
文摘Plants are continuously exposed to abiotic and biotic stresses that threaten their growth,reproduction,and survival.Adaptation to these stresses requires complex regulatory networks that coordinate physiological,molecular,and ecological responses.However,such adaptation often incurs significant costs,including reduced growth,yield penalties,and altered ecological interactions.This review systematically synthesizes recent advances published between 2018 and 2025,following PRISMA criteria,on plant responses to abiotic and biotic stressors,with an emphasis on the trade-offs between adaptation and productivity.It also highlights major discrepancies in the literature and discusses strategies for enhancing plant stress tolerance in agriculture.By integrating findings from genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,and metabolomics,the review categorizes both mechanistic insights and ecological consequences.The findings underscore the need for multi-stress,systems-level,field-based research that connects molecular processes to ecological and agricultural outcomes.Accordingly,critical gaps are identified—particularly the scarcity of multi-stress and field-based studies—and future directions that integrate omics approaches,systems biology,and eco-physiological frameworks are proposed.Understanding the costs of adaptation is essential not only for breeding resilient,high-yielding crops but also for ensuring their successful incorporation into sustainable agricultural practices under changing climate conditions.
文摘Mildew resistance locus O(MLO)proteins are extensively found in various plant species and are essential for multiple biological functions.The characterization and analysis of MLO genes have been conducted across numerous species.However,the functions and features of MLO genes inside sugar beet remain poorly understood.In the present research,we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the structural features of MLO genes,physicochemical characteristics of proteins,evolutionary connections,and expression profiles in sugar beet.A total of 13 BvMLO genes containing MLO structural domains were detected and renamed based on their locations on chromosomes within the sugar beet genome.According to the classification of AtMLO genes,the evolutionary analysis revealed that these 13 BvMLO genes were classified into three subgroups and unevenly located across four chromosomes.Synteny and collinearity analysis confirmed that gene clusters occurred during the evolution of the BvMLO gene family.Examination of cis-regulatory elements revealed specific stress-induced and hormone-associated components within the regulatory regions of BvMLOs.We also found that the expression levels of BvMLO2 and BvMLO7 cloned from sugar beet plants inoculated by Erysiphe betae(Vanha)were significantly regulated by Cercospora beticola Sacc(C.beticola),which indicated that they might both participate in some disease resistance processes.Moreover,quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)results confirmed that BvMLO2 and BvMLO7 were involved in plant resistance to various biotic and abiotic stress factors.Overall,this research provides a fundamental basis for upcoming studies on the functions and control mechanisms of BvMLO genes within sugar beet.These research findings help advance the progress of disease-resistant breeding in sugar beet and enhance the effectiveness of its resistance breeding.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32060672)Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Province(Grant No.2023AAC03070)Central guidance for local scientific and technological development funds(Grant No.2022ZY0106)。
文摘Horticultural crops suffer massive production losses due to abiotic stress,which is a key limiting factor worldwide.The ability of these crops to withstand such stress has been linked to melatonin,a biomolecule with significant roles in both physiological and molecular defense responses.Melatonin is pivotal in enhancing the resilience of horticultural crops to abiotic stress,making it a critical component in their survival strategies.The application of exogenous melatonin improves abiotic stress tolerance by preserving membrane integrity,maintaining redox equilibrium,scavenging reactive oxygen species effectively,activating antioxidant defense mechanisms,and elevating gene expression related to stress responses.Furthermore,the integrated management of melatonin with other phytohormones demonstrates its potential relevance in addressing various stresses across a wide range of horticultural crops.Therefore,it is crucial to elucidate the physiological and molecular processes involving melatonin in abiotic stress in these crops.Here,we discuss current studies on the use of melatonin in horticultural crops in response to abiotic stresses,and explores future research directions and potential applications to enhance the productivity and abiotic stress tolerance of horticultural crops.
文摘Nitrogen(N)assimilation is crucial for the growth and development of C_(3)plants,as it converts inorganic N into organic forms,important for protein synthesis,nucleic acids and other vital biomolecules.However,abiotic stressors such as drought,salinity,extreme temperatures and others significantly impact N uptake and utilization,thereby hindering plant growth and development.Recent advances in molecular biology have illuminated the complex networks that govern N assimilation under these stressful conditions,emphasizing the role of transcription factors,regulatory genes,and stress-responsive pathways.This review provides an integrated perspective on the latest research in nitrogen metabolism under abiotic stress,focusing on the intricate regulatory mechanisms involving gene expression,signaling pathways,and enzymes that modulate N uptake and assimilation.Specifically,it highlights the recent findings on how hormones,reactive oxygen species production,N metabolism and calcium signaling are regulated under stress conditions.In addition,recent advancements in genomics and transcriptomics have further clarified the dynamic regulation of genes linked to N absorption and other metabolic processes.Understanding these mechanisms is important for developing strategies to enhance the N use efficiency and stress tolerance in C3 crops,thereby promoting sustainable agriculture and food security.Future research should focus on exploring the genetic and molecular bases of N metabolism in relation to abiotic stress,with the ultimate goal of enhancing crop performance in challenging environments.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2019YFA0708501)the NSFC Major Research Plan on West-Pacific Earth System Multispheric Interactions(Grant No.92158206)。
文摘The geologic production of abiotic organic compounds has been the subject of increasing scientific attention due to their use in the global carbon flux balance,by chemosynthetic biological communities,and for energy resources.Extensive analysis of methane(CH_(4))and other organics in diverse geologic settings,combined with thermodynamic modelings and laboratory simulations,have yielded insights into the distribution of specific abiotic organic molecules on Earth and the favorable conditions and pathways under which they form.This updated and comprehensive review summarizes published results of petrological,thermodynamic,and experimental investigations of possible pathways for the formation of particular species of abiotic simple hydrocarbon molecules such as CH_(4),and of complex hydrocarbon systems,e.g.,long-chain hydrocarbons and even solid carbonaceous matters,in various geologic processes,distinguished into three classes:(1)pre-to early planetary processes;(2)mantle and magmatic processes;and(3)the gas/water-rock reaction processes in low-pressure ultramafic rock and high-pressure subduction zone systems.We not only emphasize how organics are abiotically synthesized but also explore the role or changes of organics in evolutionary geological environments after synthesis,such as phase transitions or organic-mineral interactions.Correspondingly,there is an urgent need to explore the diversity of abiotic organic compounds prevailing on Earth.
基金Supported by Key Scientific and Technological Project for Developing Agriculture from Shanghai Municipal Agriculture Commission(200810-4)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was to reveal the heat induced expression model of RcLEA gene and its tolerance to various abiotic stresses.[Method] Heat resistant and heat sensitive varieties of Rosa hybrida L.were subjected to heat shock treatment at 38 ℃ for 3 h;then RcLEA gene from both varieties treated was cloned and transformed into Escherichia coli strain BL21;finally recombinant colonies were separately cultured at 4 ℃ and 50 ℃ under the stresses of LiCl,NaCl,Na2CO3,CdCl2 and H2O2 to study the responses of recombinant E.coli strains to high temperature,low temperature and some other abiotic stresses.[Result] After heat shock treatment at 38 ℃ for 3 h,RcLEA gene expressed highly in ＇Schloss mannieim＇（SM）and ＇Las vegas＇（LV）variety,but weakly or even not expressed in ＇Kordes＇ Perfecta＇（KP）,indicating that this gene is closely related with heat resistance of R.hybrida.Compared with WT strains,recombinant clones showed higher tolerance to abiotic stresses including high temperature,low temperature,heavy metal,high salt,high pH value and oxidation,suggesting that RcLEA is concerned with the response of R.hybrida to abiotic stresses mentioned above.[Conclusion] These results provide thoughts for increasing heat resistance by introducing RcLEA into heat sensitive R.hybrida varieties and studying the heat-resistant mechanism of R.hybrida,and also provide theoretical support for selecting heat resistant variety of landscape and ornamental plants like R.hybrida.
基金We would like to thank Dr Nam-Hai Chua （Rockefeller Univer- sity） for kindly providing the pBA002Myc vector and the Arabi- dopsis Biological Resource Center （ABRC）, Ohio State University for providing ToDNA insertion lines. This work was supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30530400/90717006/30670195） to Q Xie and Y Wu, the Chinese Academy of Science （KSCX2-YW-N-010 and CXTD-S2005-2）, and the （iuangdong Natural Science Foundation, China （No. 5300648） to Z Deng.
文摘NAC family genes encode plant-specific transcription factors involved in diverse biological processes. In this study, the Arabidopsis NAC gene ATAF1 was found to be induced by drought, high-salinity, abscisic acid （ABA）, methyl jasmonate, mechanical wounding, and Botrytis cinerea infection. Significant induction of ATAF1 was found in an ABA-deficient mutant aba2 subjected to drought or high salinity, revealing an ABA-independent mechanism of expression. Arabidopsis ATAFl-overexpression lines displayed many altered phenotypes, including dwarfism and short primary roots. Furthermore, in vivo experiments indicate that ATAF1 is a bonafide regulator modulating plant responses to many abiotic stresses and necrotrophic-pathogen infection. Overexpression of ATAF1 in Arabidopsis increased plant sensitivity to ABA, salt, and oxidative stresses. Especially, ATAF1 overexpression plants, but not mutant lines, showed remarkably enhanced plant tolerance to drought. Additionally, ATAF1 overexpression enhanced plant susceptibility to the necrotrophic pathogen B. cinerea, but did not alter disease symptoms caused by avirulent or virulent strains of P. syringae pv tomato DC3000. Transgenic plants overexpressing ATAF1 were hypersensitive to oxidative stress, suggesting that reactive oxygen intermediates may be related to ATAFl-mediated signaling in response to both pathogen and abiotic stresses.
文摘Abiotic stresses including drought,salinity,heat,cold,flooding,and ultraviolet radiation causes crop losses worldwide.In recent times,preventing these crop losses and producing more food and feed to meet the demands of ever-increasing human populations have gained unprecedented importance.However,the proportion of agricultural lands facing multiple abiotic stresses is expected only to rise under a changing global climate fueled by anthropogenic activities.Identifying the mechanisms developed and deployed by plants to counteract abiotic stresses and maintain their growth and survival under harsh conditions thus holds great significance.Recent investigations have shown that phytohormones,including the classical auxins,cytokinins,ethylene,and gibberellins,and newer members including brassinosteroids,jasmonates,and strigolactones may prove to be important metabolic engineering targets for producing abiotic stress-tolerant crop plants.In this review,we summarize and critically assess the roles that phytohormones play in plant growth and development and abiotic stress tolerance,besides their engineering for conferring abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic crops.We also describe recent successes in identifying the roles of phytohormones under stressful conditions.We conclude by describing the recent progress and future prospects including limitations and challenges of phytohormone engineering for inducing abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants.
