Aberration-corrected focus scanning is crucial for high-precision optics,but the conventional optical systems rely on bulky and complicated dynamic correctors.Recently,Shiyi Xiao's group proposed a method using tw...Aberration-corrected focus scanning is crucial for high-precision optics,but the conventional optical systems rely on bulky and complicated dynamic correctors.Recently,Shiyi Xiao's group proposed a method using two rotating cascaded transmissive metasurfaces for adaptive aberration correction in focus scanning.The optimized phase profiles enable precise control of the focal position for scanning custom-curved surfaces.This concept was experimentally validated by two allsilicon meta-devices in the terahertz regime,paving the way for high-precision and compact optical devices in various applications.展开更多
Conformal domes that are shaped to meet aerodynamic requirements can increase range and speed for the host platform. Because these domes typically deviate greatly from spherical surface descriptions, a variety of aber...Conformal domes that are shaped to meet aerodynamic requirements can increase range and speed for the host platform. Because these domes typically deviate greatly from spherical surface descriptions, a variety of aberrations are induced which vary with the field-of-regard （FOR） angle. A system for correcting optical aberrations created by a conformal dome has an outer surface and an inner surface. Optimizing the inner surface is regard as static aberration correction. A deformable mirror is placed at the position of the secondary mirror in the two-mirror all reflective imaging system, which is the dynamic aberration correction. An ellipsoidal MgF2 conformal dome with a fineness ratio of 1.0 is designed as an example. The FOR angle is 0°-30°, and the design wavelength is 4μm. After the optimization at 7 zoom positions by using the design tools Code V, the root-mean-square （RMS） spot size is reduced to approximately 0.99 to 1.48 times the diffraction limit. The design results show that the performances of the conformal optical systems can be greatly improved by the combination of the static correction and the dynamic correction.展开更多
By using the derivative method, we obtained the same result with that of the previous work of Chen et al. in 2006. Different from the integral form, the derivative form of the surface expression published in this pape...By using the derivative method, we obtained the same result with that of the previous work of Chen et al. in 2006. Different from the integral form, the derivative form of the surface expression published in this paper is derived from differential equation and based on the theory of non-imaging focusing heliostat proposed by Chen et al. in 2001. The comparison of the derivative form of fixed aberration correction surface has been made with that of integral form surface as well as that of spherical surface in concentrating the solar ray.展开更多
A magnetic fluid based deformable mirror(MFDM) that could produce a large stroke more than 100 μm is designed and demonstrated experimentally with respect to the characteristics of the aberration of the liquid telesc...A magnetic fluid based deformable mirror(MFDM) that could produce a large stroke more than 100 μm is designed and demonstrated experimentally with respect to the characteristics of the aberration of the liquid telescope. Its aberration correction performance is verified by the co-simulation using COMSOL and MATLAB. Furthermore, the stroke performance of the MFDM and the decentralized linear quadratic Gaussian(LQG) mirror surface control approach are experimentally evaluated with a prototype of MFDM in an adaptive optics system to show its potential application for the large aberration correction of liquid telescopes.展开更多
Scanning focused light with corrected aberrations holds great importance in high-precision optical systems.However,conventional optical systems,relying on additional dynamical correctors to eliminate scanning aberrati...Scanning focused light with corrected aberrations holds great importance in high-precision optical systems.However,conventional optical systems,relying on additional dynamical correctors to eliminate scanning aberrations,inevitably result in undesired bulkiness and complexity.In this paper,we propose achieving adaptive aberration corrections coordinated with focus scanning by rotating only two cascaded transmissive metasurfaces.Each metasurface is carefully designed by searching for optimal phase-profile parameters of three coherently worked phase functions,allowing flexible control of both the longitudinal and lateral focal position to scan on any custom-designed curved surfaces.As proof-ofconcept,we engineer and fabricate two all-silicon terahertz meta-devices capable of scanning the focal spot with adaptively corrected aberrations.Experimental results demonstrate that the first one dynamically scans the focal spot on a planar surface,achieving an average scanning aberration of 1.18%within the scanning range of±30°.Meanwhile,the second meta-device scans two focal points on a planar surface and a conical surface with 2.5%and 4.6%scanning aberrations,respectively.Our work pioneers a breakthrough pathway enabling the development of high-precision yet compact optical devices across various practical domains.展开更多
We report a novel stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)microscopy technique featuring phase-controlled light focusing and aberration corrections for rapid,deep tissue 3D chemical imaging with subcellular resolution.To acco...We report a novel stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)microscopy technique featuring phase-controlled light focusing and aberration corrections for rapid,deep tissue 3D chemical imaging with subcellular resolution.To accomplish phasecontrolled SRS(PC-SRS),we utilize a single spatial light modulator to electronically tune the axial positioning of both the shortened-length Bessel pump and the focused Gaussian Stokes beams,enabling z-scanning-free optical sectioning in the sample.By incorporating Zernike polynomials into the phase patterns,we simultaneously correct the system aberrations at two separate wavelengths(~240 nm difference),achieving a~3-fold enhancement in signal-to-noise ratio over the uncorrected imaging system.PC-SRS provides>2-fold improvement in imaging depth in various samples(e.g.,polystyrene bead phantoms,porcine brain tissue)as well as achieves SRS 3D imaging speed of~13 Hz per volume for real-time monitoring of Brownian motion of polymer beads in water,superior to conventional point-scanning SRS 3D imaging.We further utilize PC-SRS to observe the metabolic activities of the entire tumor liver in living zebrafish in cellsilent region,unraveling the upregulated metabolism in liver tumor compared to normal liver.This work shows that PCSRS provides unprecedented insights into morpho-chemistry,metabolic and dynamic functioning of live cells and tissue in real-time at the subcellular level.展开更多
The transport of intensity equation(TIE)is a well-established phase retrieval technique that enables incoherent diffraction limit-resolution imaging and is compatible with widely available brightfield microscopy hardw...The transport of intensity equation(TIE)is a well-established phase retrieval technique that enables incoherent diffraction limit-resolution imaging and is compatible with widely available brightfield microscopy hardware.However,existing TIE methods encounter difficulties in decoupling the independent contributions of phase and aberrations to the measurements in the case of unknown pupil function.Additionally,spatially nonuniform and temporally varied aberrations dramatically degrade the imaging performance for long-term research.Hence,it remains a critical challenge to realize the high-throughput quantitative phase imaging(QPI)with aberration correction under partially coherent illumination.To address these issues,we propose a novel method for highthroughput microscopy with annular illumination,termed as transport-of-intensity QPI with aberration correction(TI-AC).By combining aberration correction and pixel super-resolution technique,TI-AC is made compatible with large pixel-size sensors to enable a broader field of view.Furthermore,it surpasses the theoretical Nyquist-Shannon sampling resolution limit,resulting in an improvement of more than two times.Experimental results demonstrate that the half-width imaging resolution can be improved to~345 nm across a 10×field of view of 1.77 mm^(2)(0.4 NA).Given its high-throughput capability for QPI,TI-AC is expected to be adopted in biomedical fields,such as drug discovery and cancer diagnostics.展开更多
1.Introduction Microbiologically influenced corrosion(MIC)is the destruction of metal materials caused by the activity of microorganisms and the participation of biofilms[1].Global economic costs caused by marine corr...1.Introduction Microbiologically influenced corrosion(MIC)is the destruction of metal materials caused by the activity of microorganisms and the participation of biofilms[1].Global economic costs caused by marine corrosion come to hundreds of billion dollars per year,with approximately 20% of corrosion losses caused by MIC[2].The MIC poses a serious threat to the integrity and safety of assets in the oil and gas industry,water industry,and nuclear waste storage facili-ties[3-5].展开更多
Deep learning neural networks are used for wavefront sensing and aberration correction in atmospheric turbulence without any wavefront sensor(i.e.reconstruction of the wavefront aberration phase from the distorted ima...Deep learning neural networks are used for wavefront sensing and aberration correction in atmospheric turbulence without any wavefront sensor(i.e.reconstruction of the wavefront aberration phase from the distorted image of the object).We compared and found the characteristics of the direct and indirect reconstruction ways:(i)directly reconstructing the aberration phase;(ii)reconstructing the Zernike coefficients and then calculating the aberration phase.We verified the generalization ability and performance of the network for a single object and multiple objects.What’s more,we verified the correction effect for a turbulence pool and the feasibility for a real atmospheric turbulence environment.展开更多
A coherence-based correction method was proposed in order to improve the lateral resolution and enhance the contrast of medical ultrasound imaging in the presence of phase aberration. The averaged coherence factor was...A coherence-based correction method was proposed in order to improve the lateral resolution and enhance the contrast of medical ultrasound imaging in the presence of phase aberration. The averaged coherence factor was proposed at first and used as a metric to evaluate phase aberration correction. By maximizing the averaged coherence factor, the time delay parameter of each channel was adjusted. A new set of coherence factors was calculated and the corrected data was optimized to form the final B-mode image. The simulations on point targets and a cyst phantom showed that the proposed method outperformed the nearest neighboring cross correlation method and conventional coherence-weighting method, and the lateral resolution and contrast ratio was improved by approximately 0.24mm and 18dB respectively. The proposed method combined the advantages of phase error correction and coherence-weighting, which could improve imaging qualities effectively in medical ultrasound.展开更多
In the femtosecond two-photon polymerization(2PP)experimental system,optical aberrations degrade the fabrication quality.To solve this issue,a multichannel interferometric wavefront sensing technique is adopted in the...In the femtosecond two-photon polymerization(2PP)experimental system,optical aberrations degrade the fabrication quality.To solve this issue,a multichannel interferometric wavefront sensing technique is adopted in the adaptive laser processing system with a single phase-only spatial light modulator.2PP fabrications using corrected high-order Bessel beams with the above solution have been conducted,and high-quality microstructure arrays of microtubes with 20μm diameter have been rapidly manufactured.The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by comparing the beam intensity distributions and 2PP results before and after aberration corrections.展开更多
In the integral imaging light field display, the introduction of a diffractive optical element (DOE) can solve the problem of limited depth of field of the traditional lens. However, the strong aberration of the DOE s...In the integral imaging light field display, the introduction of a diffractive optical element (DOE) can solve the problem of limited depth of field of the traditional lens. However, the strong aberration of the DOE significantly reduces the final display quality. Thus, herein, an end-to-end joint optimization method for optimizing DOE and aberration correction is proposed. The DOE model is established using thickness as the variable, and a deep learning network is built to preprocess the composite image loaded on the display panel. The simulation results show that the peak signal to noise ratio value of the optimized image increases by 8 dB, which confirms that the end-to-end joint optimization method can effectively reduce the aberration problem.展开更多
Noninvasive tomographic imaging of cellular processes in vivo may provide valuable cytological and histological information for disease diagnosis.However,such strategies are usually hampered by optical aberrations cau...Noninvasive tomographic imaging of cellular processes in vivo may provide valuable cytological and histological information for disease diagnosis.However,such strategies are usually hampered by optical aberrations caused by the imaging system and tissue turbidity.State-of-the-art aberration correction methods require that the light signal be phase stable over the full-field data acquisition period,which is difficult to maintain during dynamic cellular processes in vivo.Here we show that any optical aberrations in the path length difference(OPD)domain can be corrected without the phase stability requirement based on maximum intensity assumption.Specifically,we demonstrate a novel optical tomographic technique,termed amplitude division aperture synthesis optical coherence tomography(ADAS-OCT),which corrects aberrations induced by turbid tissues by physical aperture synthesis and simultaneously data acquisition from sub-apertures.Even with just two subapertures,ADAS-OCT enabled in vivo visualization of red blood cells in human labial mucosa.We further demonstrated that adding sub-apertures could significantly scale up the aberration correction capability.This technology has the potential to impact a number of clinical areas where noninvasive examinations are preferred,such as blood count and cancers detection.展开更多
In this article, we report the principle and conceptual design of a fundamentally different technology in fabricating high precision aberration free optical devices. The tip-tilt of facet in a mirror array is produced...In this article, we report the principle and conceptual design of a fundamentally different technology in fabricating high precision aberration free optical devices. The tip-tilt of facet in a mirror array is produced by digitally controlled line-tilts of rows and columns. It has not only provided a cost-effective designing methodology in optical physics but also led to a much finer precision of 1 mili arc sec or less. As examples of the application of the proposed digitalised optics, two case studies have been given： a 10 m Schmidt telescope （off-axis） and an 8 m Cassegrain telescope （on-axis）.展开更多
Imaging through complex scattering media is severely limited by aberrations and scattering,which obscure images and reduce resolution.Confocal and temporal gatings partly filter out multiple scattering but are severel...Imaging through complex scattering media is severely limited by aberrations and scattering,which obscure images and reduce resolution.Confocal and temporal gatings partly filter out multiple scattering but are severely degraded by wavefront distortions.Adaptive optics(AO)restore resolution by correcting low-order aberrations,and matrix-based imaging enables more complex wavefront corrections.However,they struggle to undo high-order aberrations under strong scattering,preventing imaging at greater depths.To address these challenges,we present scattering matrix tomography(SMT),an approach that makes full use of the wavefront engineering capability of scattering matrix and extreme AO.SMT reformulates imaging through complex media as a numerical optimization and employs Zernike-mode wavefront regularization and coarseto-fine nonconvex optimization strategy to reverse severe aberrations,enabling noninvasive high-resolution volumetric imaging in multiple scattering regimes.Based on the spectrally resolved matrix measurement,SMT achieves a depth-over-resolution ratio above 900 beneath ex vivo mouse brain tissue and volumetric imaging at over three transport mean-free paths inside an opaque colloid,where conventional methods fail to correct strong aberrations under these challenging conditions.SMT is noninvasive and label-free and works both inside and outside the scattering media,making it suitable for various applications,including medical imaging,biological science,device inspection,and colloidal physics.展开更多
Since the invention of lasers,spatial-light-modulated laser processing has become a powerful tool for various applications.It enables multidimensional and dynamic modulation of the laser beam,which significantly impro...Since the invention of lasers,spatial-light-modulated laser processing has become a powerful tool for various applications.It enables multidimensional and dynamic modulation of the laser beam,which significantly improves the processing efficiency,accuracy,and flexibility,and presents wider prospects over traditional mechanical technologies for machining three-dimensional,hard,brittle,or transparent materials.In this review,we introduce:(1)The role of spatial light modulation technology in the development of femtosecond laser manufacturing;(2)the structured light generated by spatial light modulation and its generation methods;and(3)representative applications of spatial-light-modulated femtosecond laser manufacturing,including aberration correction,parallel processing,focal field engineering,and polarization control.Finally,we summarize the present challenges in the field and possible future research.展开更多
Structured light,where complex optical fields are tailored in all their degrees of freedom,has become highly topical of late,advanced by a sophisticated toolkit comprising both linear and nonlinear optics.Removing und...Structured light,where complex optical fields are tailored in all their degrees of freedom,has become highly topical of late,advanced by a sophisticated toolkit comprising both linear and nonlinear optics.Removing undesired structure from light is far less developed,leveraging mostly on inverting the distortion,e.g.,with adaptive optics or the inverse transmission matrix of a complex channel,both requiring that the distortion be fully characterized through appropriate measurement.We show that distortions in spatially structured light can be corrected through difference-frequency generation in a nonlinear crystal without any need for the distortion to be known.We demonstrate the versatility of our approach using a wide range of aberrations and structured light modes,including higher-order orbital angular momentum(OAM)beams,showing excellent recovery of the original undistorted field.To highlight the efficacy of this process,we deploy the system in a prepare-and-measure communications link with OAM,showing minimal cross talk even when the transmission channel is highly aberrated,and outline how the approach could be extended to alternative experimental modalities and nonlinear processes.Our demonstration of light-correcting light without the need for measurement opens an approach to measurement-free error correction for classical and quantum structured light,with direct applications in imaging,sensing,and communication.展开更多
The existing single-crystal slicing techniques result in significant material wastage and elevate the production cost o premium-quality thin slices of crystals.Here we report(for the first time,to our knowledge)an app...The existing single-crystal slicing techniques result in significant material wastage and elevate the production cost o premium-quality thin slices of crystals.Here we report(for the first time,to our knowledge)an approach for vertical slicin of large-size single-crystal gain materials by ultrafast laser.By employing aberration correction techniques,the optimi zation of the optical field distribution within the high-refractive-index crystal enables the achievement of a continuou laser-modified layer with a thickness of less than 10μm,oriented perpendicular to the direction of the laser direction The compressed focal spot facilitates crack initiation,enabling propagation under external forces,ultimately achievin the successful slicing of aΦ12 mm crystal.The surface roughness of the sliced Yb:YAG is less than 2.5μm.The result illustrate the potential of low-loss slicing strategy for single-crystal fabrication and pave the way for the future develop ment of thin disk lasers.展开更多
Measurements based on optical microscopy can be severely impaired if the access exhibits variations of the refractive index.In the case of fluctuating liquid-gas boundaries,refraction introduces dynamical aberrations ...Measurements based on optical microscopy can be severely impaired if the access exhibits variations of the refractive index.In the case of fluctuating liquid-gas boundaries,refraction introduces dynamical aberrations that increase the measurement uncertainty.This is prevalent at multiphase flows(e.g.droplets,film flows)that occur in many technical applications as for example in coating and cleaning processes and the water management in fuel cells.In this paper,we present a novel approach based on adaptive optics for correcting the dynamical aberrations in real time and thus reducing the measurement uncertainty.The shape of the fluctuating water-air interface is sampled with a reflecting light beam(Fresnel Guide Star)and a Hartmann-Shack sensor which makes it possible to correct its influence with a deformable mirror in a closed loop.Three-dimensional flow measurements are achieved by using a double-helix point spread function.We measure the flow inside a sessile,oscillating 50-μl droplet on an opaque gas diffusion layer for fuel cells and show that the temporally varying refraction at the droplet surface causes a systematic underestimation of the flow field magnitude corresponding to the first droplet eigenmode which plays a major role in their detachment mechanism.We demonstrate that the adaptive optics correction is able to reduce this systematic error.Hence,the adaptive optics system can pave the way to a deeper understanding of water droplet formation and detachment which can help to improve the efficiency of fuels cells.展开更多
The widely used Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor(SHWFS)is a wavefront measurement system.Its measurement accuracy is limited by the reference wavefront used for calibration and also by various residual errors of the se...The widely used Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor(SHWFS)is a wavefront measurement system.Its measurement accuracy is limited by the reference wavefront used for calibration and also by various residual errors of the sensor itself.In this study,based on the principle of spherical wavefront calibration,a pinhole with a diameter of 1μm was used to generate spherical wavefronts with extremely small wavefront errors,with residual aberrations of 1.0×10^(−4)λRMS,providing a high-accuracy reference wavefront.In the first step of SHWFS calibration,we demonstrated a modified method to solve for three important parameters(f,the focal length of the microlens array(MLA),p,the sub-aperture size of the MLA,and s,the pixel size of the photodetector)to scale the measured SHWFS results.With only three iterations in the calculation,these parameters can be determined as exact values,with convergence to an acceptable accuracy.For a simple SHWFS with an MLA of 128×128 sub-apertures in a square configuration and a focal length of 2.8 mm,a measurement accuracy of 5.0×10^(−3)λRMS was achieved across the full pupil diameter of 13.8 mm with the proposed spherical wavefront calibration.The accuracy was dependent on the residual errors induced in manufacturing and assembly of the SHWFS.After removing these residual errors in the measured wavefront results,the accuracy of the SHWFS increased to 1.0×10^(−3)λRMS,with measured wavefronts in the range ofλ/4.Mid-term stability of wavefront measurements was confirmed,with residual deviations of 8.04×10^(−5)λPV and 7.94×10^(−5)λRMS.This study demonstrates that the modified calibration method for a high-accuracy spherical wavefront generated from a micrometer-scale pinhole can effectively improve the accuracy of an SHWFS.Further accuracy improvement was verified with correction of residual errors,making the method suitable for challenging wavefront measurements such as in lithography lenses,astronomical telescope systems,and adaptive optics.展开更多
文摘Aberration-corrected focus scanning is crucial for high-precision optics,but the conventional optical systems rely on bulky and complicated dynamic correctors.Recently,Shiyi Xiao's group proposed a method using two rotating cascaded transmissive metasurfaces for adaptive aberration correction in focus scanning.The optimized phase profiles enable precise control of the focal position for scanning custom-curved surfaces.This concept was experimentally validated by two allsilicon meta-devices in the terahertz regime,paving the way for high-precision and compact optical devices in various applications.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No 2006AA012339)
文摘Conformal domes that are shaped to meet aerodynamic requirements can increase range and speed for the host platform. Because these domes typically deviate greatly from spherical surface descriptions, a variety of aberrations are induced which vary with the field-of-regard （FOR） angle. A system for correcting optical aberrations created by a conformal dome has an outer surface and an inner surface. Optimizing the inner surface is regard as static aberration correction. A deformable mirror is placed at the position of the secondary mirror in the two-mirror all reflective imaging system, which is the dynamic aberration correction. An ellipsoidal MgF2 conformal dome with a fineness ratio of 1.0 is designed as an example. The FOR angle is 0°-30°, and the design wavelength is 4μm. After the optimization at 7 zoom positions by using the design tools Code V, the root-mean-square （RMS） spot size is reduced to approximately 0.99 to 1.48 times the diffraction limit. The design results show that the performances of the conformal optical systems can be greatly improved by the combination of the static correction and the dynamic correction.
文摘By using the derivative method, we obtained the same result with that of the previous work of Chen et al. in 2006. Different from the integral form, the derivative form of the surface expression published in this paper is derived from differential equation and based on the theory of non-imaging focusing heliostat proposed by Chen et al. in 2001. The comparison of the derivative form of fixed aberration correction surface has been made with that of integral form surface as well as that of spherical surface in concentrating the solar ray.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51675321)the Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.15ZR1415800)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.14ZZ092)
文摘A magnetic fluid based deformable mirror(MFDM) that could produce a large stroke more than 100 μm is designed and demonstrated experimentally with respect to the characteristics of the aberration of the liquid telescope. Its aberration correction performance is verified by the co-simulation using COMSOL and MATLAB. Furthermore, the stroke performance of the MFDM and the decentralized linear quadratic Gaussian(LQG) mirror surface control approach are experimentally evaluated with a prototype of MFDM in an adaptive optics system to show its potential application for the large aberration correction of liquid telescopes.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(62175141)Ministry of Science and Technology(2022YFA1404704)+2 种基金China Scholarship Council(202306890039)Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(2022R1A6A1A03052954)Institute of Information&communications Technology Planning&Evaluation(IITP)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.2019-0-01906,Artificial Intelligence Graduate School Program(POSTECH)).
文摘Scanning focused light with corrected aberrations holds great importance in high-precision optical systems.However,conventional optical systems,relying on additional dynamical correctors to eliminate scanning aberrations,inevitably result in undesired bulkiness and complexity.In this paper,we propose achieving adaptive aberration corrections coordinated with focus scanning by rotating only two cascaded transmissive metasurfaces.Each metasurface is carefully designed by searching for optimal phase-profile parameters of three coherently worked phase functions,allowing flexible control of both the longitudinal and lateral focal position to scan on any custom-designed curved surfaces.As proof-ofconcept,we engineer and fabricate two all-silicon terahertz meta-devices capable of scanning the focal spot with adaptively corrected aberrations.Experimental results demonstrate that the first one dynamically scans the focal spot on a planar surface,achieving an average scanning aberration of 1.18%within the scanning range of±30°.Meanwhile,the second meta-device scans two focal points on a planar surface and a conical surface with 2.5%and 4.6%scanning aberrations,respectively.Our work pioneers a breakthrough pathway enabling the development of high-precision yet compact optical devices across various practical domains.
基金supported by the Academic Research Fund(AcRF)from the Ministry of Education(MOE)(Tier 2(A-8000117-01-00)Tier 1(R397-000-334-114,R397-000-371-114,and R397-000-378-114)2024 Tsinghua-NUS Joint Research Initiative Fund,and the National Medical Research Council(NMRC)(A-0009502-01-00,and A-8001143-00-00),Singapore.
文摘We report a novel stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)microscopy technique featuring phase-controlled light focusing and aberration corrections for rapid,deep tissue 3D chemical imaging with subcellular resolution.To accomplish phasecontrolled SRS(PC-SRS),we utilize a single spatial light modulator to electronically tune the axial positioning of both the shortened-length Bessel pump and the focused Gaussian Stokes beams,enabling z-scanning-free optical sectioning in the sample.By incorporating Zernike polynomials into the phase patterns,we simultaneously correct the system aberrations at two separate wavelengths(~240 nm difference),achieving a~3-fold enhancement in signal-to-noise ratio over the uncorrected imaging system.PC-SRS provides>2-fold improvement in imaging depth in various samples(e.g.,polystyrene bead phantoms,porcine brain tissue)as well as achieves SRS 3D imaging speed of~13 Hz per volume for real-time monitoring of Brownian motion of polymer beads in water,superior to conventional point-scanning SRS 3D imaging.We further utilize PC-SRS to observe the metabolic activities of the entire tumor liver in living zebrafish in cellsilent region,unraveling the upregulated metabolism in liver tumor compared to normal liver.This work shows that PCSRS provides unprecedented insights into morpho-chemistry,metabolic and dynamic functioning of live cells and tissue in real-time at the subcellular level.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62227818,62105151,62175109,U21B2033,62105156,62361136588)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1205002)+7 种基金Leading Technology of Jiangsu Basic Research Plan(BK20192003)Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20210338)Biomedical Competition Foundation of Jia-ngsu Province(BE2022847)Key National Industrial Technology Cooperation Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BZ2022039)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(30920032101,30923010206)Fundamental Scientific Research Business Fee Funds for the Central Universities(2023102001)Open Research Fund of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging&Intelligent Sense(JSGP202105,JSGP202201)National Science Center,Poland(2020/37/B/ST7/03629).
文摘The transport of intensity equation(TIE)is a well-established phase retrieval technique that enables incoherent diffraction limit-resolution imaging and is compatible with widely available brightfield microscopy hardware.However,existing TIE methods encounter difficulties in decoupling the independent contributions of phase and aberrations to the measurements in the case of unknown pupil function.Additionally,spatially nonuniform and temporally varied aberrations dramatically degrade the imaging performance for long-term research.Hence,it remains a critical challenge to realize the high-throughput quantitative phase imaging(QPI)with aberration correction under partially coherent illumination.To address these issues,we propose a novel method for highthroughput microscopy with annular illumination,termed as transport-of-intensity QPI with aberration correction(TI-AC).By combining aberration correction and pixel super-resolution technique,TI-AC is made compatible with large pixel-size sensors to enable a broader field of view.Furthermore,it surpasses the theoretical Nyquist-Shannon sampling resolution limit,resulting in an improvement of more than two times.Experimental results demonstrate that the half-width imaging resolution can be improved to~345 nm across a 10×field of view of 1.77 mm^(2)(0.4 NA).Given its high-throughput capability for QPI,TI-AC is expected to be adopted in biomedical fields,such as drug discovery and cancer diagnostics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Nos.52371071,51971228,and 51771212).
文摘1.Introduction Microbiologically influenced corrosion(MIC)is the destruction of metal materials caused by the activity of microorganisms and the participation of biofilms[1].Global economic costs caused by marine corrosion come to hundreds of billion dollars per year,with approximately 20% of corrosion losses caused by MIC[2].The MIC poses a serious threat to the integrity and safety of assets in the oil and gas industry,water industry,and nuclear waste storage facili-ties[3-5].
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(61927810,62075183).
文摘Deep learning neural networks are used for wavefront sensing and aberration correction in atmospheric turbulence without any wavefront sensor(i.e.reconstruction of the wavefront aberration phase from the distorted image of the object).We compared and found the characteristics of the direct and indirect reconstruction ways:(i)directly reconstructing the aberration phase;(ii)reconstructing the Zernike coefficients and then calculating the aberration phase.We verified the generalization ability and performance of the network for a single object and multiple objects.What’s more,we verified the correction effect for a turbulence pool and the feasibility for a real atmospheric turbulence environment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11204346)
文摘A coherence-based correction method was proposed in order to improve the lateral resolution and enhance the contrast of medical ultrasound imaging in the presence of phase aberration. The averaged coherence factor was proposed at first and used as a metric to evaluate phase aberration correction. By maximizing the averaged coherence factor, the time delay parameter of each channel was adjusted. A new set of coherence factors was calculated and the corrected data was optimized to form the final B-mode image. The simulations on point targets and a cyst phantom showed that the proposed method outperformed the nearest neighboring cross correlation method and conventional coherence-weighting method, and the lateral resolution and contrast ratio was improved by approximately 0.24mm and 18dB respectively. The proposed method combined the advantages of phase error correction and coherence-weighting, which could improve imaging qualities effectively in medical ultrasound.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62275191,61605142,and 61827821)the Tianjin Research Program of Application FoundationandAdvancedTechnologyofChina(No.17JCJQJC43500)+2 种基金the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics,Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe European Research Council(No.682032-PULSAR)the Agence Nationale de la Recherche(Nos.ANR-15-IDEX0003 and ANR-17-EURE-0002)。
文摘In the femtosecond two-photon polymerization(2PP)experimental system,optical aberrations degrade the fabrication quality.To solve this issue,a multichannel interferometric wavefront sensing technique is adopted in the adaptive laser processing system with a single phase-only spatial light modulator.2PP fabrications using corrected high-order Bessel beams with the above solution have been conducted,and high-quality microstructure arrays of microtubes with 20μm diameter have been rapidly manufactured.The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by comparing the beam intensity distributions and 2PP results before and after aberration corrections.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62175015,61905019,and 62075016)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2021RC13)。
文摘In the integral imaging light field display, the introduction of a diffractive optical element (DOE) can solve the problem of limited depth of field of the traditional lens. However, the strong aberration of the DOE significantly reduces the final display quality. Thus, herein, an end-to-end joint optimization method for optimizing DOE and aberration correction is proposed. The DOE model is established using thickness as the variable, and a deep learning network is built to preprocess the composite image loaded on the display panel. The simulation results show that the peak signal to noise ratio value of the optimized image increases by 8 dB, which confirms that the end-to-end joint optimization method can effectively reduce the aberration problem.
基金supported by National Research Foundation Singapore under its Competitive Research Program(NRF-CRP13–2014-05)Ministry of Education Singapore under its Academic Research Fund Tier 1(2018-T1–001-144)Agency for Science,Technology and Research(A*STAR)under its Industrial Alignment Fund(Pre-positioning)(H17/01/a0/008).
文摘Noninvasive tomographic imaging of cellular processes in vivo may provide valuable cytological and histological information for disease diagnosis.However,such strategies are usually hampered by optical aberrations caused by the imaging system and tissue turbidity.State-of-the-art aberration correction methods require that the light signal be phase stable over the full-field data acquisition period,which is difficult to maintain during dynamic cellular processes in vivo.Here we show that any optical aberrations in the path length difference(OPD)domain can be corrected without the phase stability requirement based on maximum intensity assumption.Specifically,we demonstrate a novel optical tomographic technique,termed amplitude division aperture synthesis optical coherence tomography(ADAS-OCT),which corrects aberrations induced by turbid tissues by physical aperture synthesis and simultaneously data acquisition from sub-apertures.Even with just two subapertures,ADAS-OCT enabled in vivo visualization of red blood cells in human labial mucosa.We further demonstrated that adding sub-apertures could significantly scale up the aberration correction capability.This technology has the potential to impact a number of clinical areas where noninvasive examinations are preferred,such as blood count and cancers detection.
文摘In this article, we report the principle and conceptual design of a fundamentally different technology in fabricating high precision aberration free optical devices. The tip-tilt of facet in a mirror array is produced by digitally controlled line-tilts of rows and columns. It has not only provided a cost-effective designing methodology in optical physics but also led to a much finer precision of 1 mili arc sec or less. As examples of the application of the proposed digitalised optics, two case studies have been given： a 10 m Schmidt telescope （off-axis） and an 8 m Cassegrain telescope （on-axis）.
基金supported by the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative,the National Science Foundation CAREER(Award No.ECCS-2146021)the University of Southern California。
文摘Imaging through complex scattering media is severely limited by aberrations and scattering,which obscure images and reduce resolution.Confocal and temporal gatings partly filter out multiple scattering but are severely degraded by wavefront distortions.Adaptive optics(AO)restore resolution by correcting low-order aberrations,and matrix-based imaging enables more complex wavefront corrections.However,they struggle to undo high-order aberrations under strong scattering,preventing imaging at greater depths.To address these challenges,we present scattering matrix tomography(SMT),an approach that makes full use of the wavefront engineering capability of scattering matrix and extreme AO.SMT reformulates imaging through complex media as a numerical optimization and employs Zernike-mode wavefront regularization and coarseto-fine nonconvex optimization strategy to reverse severe aberrations,enabling noninvasive high-resolution volumetric imaging in multiple scattering regimes.Based on the spectrally resolved matrix measurement,SMT achieves a depth-over-resolution ratio above 900 beneath ex vivo mouse brain tissue and volumetric imaging at over three transport mean-free paths inside an opaque colloid,where conventional methods fail to correct strong aberrations under these challenging conditions.SMT is noninvasive and label-free and works both inside and outside the scattering media,making it suitable for various applications,including medical imaging,biological science,device inspection,and colloidal physics.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFB2802000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61827826,62175086,62131018)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(Grant No.20220101107JC)the Education Department of Jilin Province(Grant No.JJKH20221003KJ).
文摘Since the invention of lasers,spatial-light-modulated laser processing has become a powerful tool for various applications.It enables multidimensional and dynamic modulation of the laser beam,which significantly improves the processing efficiency,accuracy,and flexibility,and presents wider prospects over traditional mechanical technologies for machining three-dimensional,hard,brittle,or transparent materials.In this review,we introduce:(1)The role of spatial light modulation technology in the development of femtosecond laser manufacturing;(2)the structured light generated by spatial light modulation and its generation methods;and(3)representative applications of spatial-light-modulated femtosecond laser manufacturing,including aberration correction,parallel processing,focal field engineering,and polarization control.Finally,we summarize the present challenges in the field and possible future research.
基金the funding from the Department of Science and Innovation as well as the National Research Foundation in South AfricaSupport from the Italian Ministry of Research(MUR)through the PRIN 2017 project“Interacting photons in polariton circuits”(INPho POL)and the PNRR MUR project PE0000023-NQSTI is acknowledgedsupport from the Italian Space Agency through the“Highdimensional quantum information”project
文摘Structured light,where complex optical fields are tailored in all their degrees of freedom,has become highly topical of late,advanced by a sophisticated toolkit comprising both linear and nonlinear optics.Removing undesired structure from light is far less developed,leveraging mostly on inverting the distortion,e.g.,with adaptive optics or the inverse transmission matrix of a complex channel,both requiring that the distortion be fully characterized through appropriate measurement.We show that distortions in spatially structured light can be corrected through difference-frequency generation in a nonlinear crystal without any need for the distortion to be known.We demonstrate the versatility of our approach using a wide range of aberrations and structured light modes,including higher-order orbital angular momentum(OAM)beams,showing excellent recovery of the original undistorted field.To highlight the efficacy of this process,we deploy the system in a prepare-and-measure communications link with OAM,showing minimal cross talk even when the transmission channel is highly aberrated,and outline how the approach could be extended to alternative experimental modalities and nonlinear processes.Our demonstration of light-correcting light without the need for measurement opens an approach to measurement-free error correction for classical and quantum structured light,with direct applications in imaging,sensing,and communication.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2022YFB3605900 and 2022YFB3605901)。
文摘The existing single-crystal slicing techniques result in significant material wastage and elevate the production cost o premium-quality thin slices of crystals.Here we report(for the first time,to our knowledge)an approach for vertical slicin of large-size single-crystal gain materials by ultrafast laser.By employing aberration correction techniques,the optimi zation of the optical field distribution within the high-refractive-index crystal enables the achievement of a continuou laser-modified layer with a thickness of less than 10μm,oriented perpendicular to the direction of the laser direction The compressed focal spot facilitates crack initiation,enabling propagation under external forces,ultimately achievin the successful slicing of aΦ12 mm crystal.The surface roughness of the sliced Yb:YAG is less than 2.5μm.The result illustrate the potential of low-loss slicing strategy for single-crystal fabrication and pave the way for the future develop ment of thin disk lasers.
基金project IGF-Nr.21190 BG/2 from the research association DECHEMA e.V.is supported by the Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Energy through the German Federation of Industrial Research Associations(AiF)as part of the programme for promoting industrial cooperative research(IGF)on the basis of a decision by the German Bundestag.Furthermore,this work is partially supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)-BU 2241/6-1.
文摘Measurements based on optical microscopy can be severely impaired if the access exhibits variations of the refractive index.In the case of fluctuating liquid-gas boundaries,refraction introduces dynamical aberrations that increase the measurement uncertainty.This is prevalent at multiphase flows(e.g.droplets,film flows)that occur in many technical applications as for example in coating and cleaning processes and the water management in fuel cells.In this paper,we present a novel approach based on adaptive optics for correcting the dynamical aberrations in real time and thus reducing the measurement uncertainty.The shape of the fluctuating water-air interface is sampled with a reflecting light beam(Fresnel Guide Star)and a Hartmann-Shack sensor which makes it possible to correct its influence with a deformable mirror in a closed loop.Three-dimensional flow measurements are achieved by using a double-helix point spread function.We measure the flow inside a sessile,oscillating 50-μl droplet on an opaque gas diffusion layer for fuel cells and show that the temporally varying refraction at the droplet surface causes a systematic underestimation of the flow field magnitude corresponding to the first droplet eigenmode which plays a major role in their detachment mechanism.We demonstrate that the adaptive optics correction is able to reduce this systematic error.Hence,the adaptive optics system can pave the way to a deeper understanding of water droplet formation and detachment which can help to improve the efficiency of fuels cells.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF0700700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62075235)+2 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2019320)Entrepreneurship and Innovation Talents in Jiangsu Province(Innovation of Scientific Research Institutes)the Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program(BE2019682).
文摘The widely used Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor(SHWFS)is a wavefront measurement system.Its measurement accuracy is limited by the reference wavefront used for calibration and also by various residual errors of the sensor itself.In this study,based on the principle of spherical wavefront calibration,a pinhole with a diameter of 1μm was used to generate spherical wavefronts with extremely small wavefront errors,with residual aberrations of 1.0×10^(−4)λRMS,providing a high-accuracy reference wavefront.In the first step of SHWFS calibration,we demonstrated a modified method to solve for three important parameters(f,the focal length of the microlens array(MLA),p,the sub-aperture size of the MLA,and s,the pixel size of the photodetector)to scale the measured SHWFS results.With only three iterations in the calculation,these parameters can be determined as exact values,with convergence to an acceptable accuracy.For a simple SHWFS with an MLA of 128×128 sub-apertures in a square configuration and a focal length of 2.8 mm,a measurement accuracy of 5.0×10^(−3)λRMS was achieved across the full pupil diameter of 13.8 mm with the proposed spherical wavefront calibration.The accuracy was dependent on the residual errors induced in manufacturing and assembly of the SHWFS.After removing these residual errors in the measured wavefront results,the accuracy of the SHWFS increased to 1.0×10^(−3)λRMS,with measured wavefronts in the range ofλ/4.Mid-term stability of wavefront measurements was confirmed,with residual deviations of 8.04×10^(−5)λPV and 7.94×10^(−5)λRMS.This study demonstrates that the modified calibration method for a high-accuracy spherical wavefront generated from a micrometer-scale pinhole can effectively improve the accuracy of an SHWFS.Further accuracy improvement was verified with correction of residual errors,making the method suitable for challenging wavefront measurements such as in lithography lenses,astronomical telescope systems,and adaptive optics.
